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Wildflowers in the Home Garden

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Wildflowers in the Home Garden Bulletin #43 Wildflowers in the Home Garden Because few sights are as spectacular as a field of • Wildflower seed mixes should be formulated for wildflowers, many gardeners wish to include them in their your specific geographic region -- read the label to home gardens. Wildflowers are see if the mix meets your growing conditions. Mixes admired for their combination of usually contain both native and naturalized wildflower beauty and self-sufficiency. However, species. the most common misconception • Grasses, if added, should be the non-aggressive about wildflower gardening is that it is clumping grasses like sheep fescue. Another option maintenance-free. Like any garden, a is to use native grasses such as big bluestem, blue wildflower area will take some work. grama, buffalograss, Indian ricegrass, sand Once established, maintenance will dropseed, lovegrass or side-oats grama with diminish greatly but normal weeding, wildflowers. These are slower growing than fescue, tilling and watering will make the so consider combining fescues and native grasses. garden successful. • Note taking: Make a habit of taking notes about your garden. They will be invaluable as a reference later. For some, the idea of having a strictly “wildflower” garden You should note such things as pleasing color has been expanded to include a more integrated planting combinations, plants you want to add or subtract, of flowers and shrubs, including as many native plantings ideas from other people’s gardens, when certain as possible. Wildflowers should be mixed into your plants bloom, etc. These notes are most useful in garden along with other selected perennials, bulbs, herbs, the winter months when planning for the next season. and flowering shrubs. Planting wildflowers alone will show a dominance of annuals the first year with the more Working with Native Wildflower Seed: persistent perennials settling into dominance. Retaining diversity will require a bit of work but your efforts will be Note from Native Seeds/SEARCH: Gardeners should rewarded. Your goal as a gardener should be to create an be aware that seeds of wild plants need to be treated effect, choosing from as many different kinds of plant differently from those of domesticated plants. Wild plant material as necessary, whether perennials, bulbs, herbs, seed may have germination inhibitors, dormancy annuals, and, of course, wildflowers. requirements, or extra-hard seed coats to insure survival of the plant. Before planting wild seeds, gardeners may find it helpful to pre-treat the seeds. Chemical inhibitors Factors to consider: on seeds, well known on chilte pines, need to be flushed • Site location, which can determine the success or away. (One gardener found that a solution of 1 tsp. failure of your wildflower garden, should consider the vinegar to 1 cup of water worked well.) Dry seeds of amount of sunlight, what is growing now, provision of plants native to cold-winter climes may benefit from a few adequate moisture, and weeds and rocks in the area. days to weeks in the freezer. Hard seed coats can be • Soil preparation is critical for prompt germination and sanded or filed in order to promote water absorption. healthy growth of seedlings. Remove all weeds/ grasses before planting. Seed Saving and Storage • Plant in spring or fall -- late fall is best, especially if 1. Select seeds from more than one plant. seed is grown or collected locally as some native 2. Dry seeds. plants require an over-wintering period to break 3. Clean and store in a glass jar with a tight fitting lid. dormancy of the seed. Try to plant just prior to the rainy season if supplemental water is not available. 4. Label seeds and include crop names or variety, date grown, and source. • It is best to start small. Consider: blooming time, height, color scheme, maintenance, propagation 5. To prevent insect damage, freeze dry seeds for 5-7 methods, moisture, use of mulches, problem areas, days. This kills larvae under the seedcoat. fertilization, weed control, and reseeding. 1 Wildflowers in the Home Garden Bulletin #43 Seed Collection: Look for indications in the fruiting the most common method of dispersing seed over a structures that hold the seed as to when the seed is ready small area. It is advisable to mix the seed with an inert for collection. Regular and careful inspection of carrier (sand or vermiculite) at a ratio of 2:1 (sand to developing seed is a must. In general, when seed is seed) for more even distribution. Once distributed, the maturing, it will turn from a lighter to a darker color and seed should be covered with a minimum of 1/8 to 1/4 expand in size. Collection of mature seed is critical for inches of soil, which can be achieved by lightly raking good germination. When broken, a mature seed will over the area. Seed cultivated too deeply will not reveal a moist white embryo inside. Be sure to place seed germinate. Finally, cover the entire area with mulch to of each wildflower species in a separate container to avoid reduce moisture loss and help protect the seeds from contaminating seed lots. Collecting seed from the wild birds. During the germination period it is important not to requires some planning. Plants should be marked when in let the seed bed dry out. Gardeners may find the most flower, because often a plant looks different in fruit than in prolific method of propagation for some wildflowers to be flower. The location should be recorded to enable return the natural self-sowing process in the garden. to the exact spot to harvest the seed. If insects are found in freshly collected seed, fumigation will be necessary. Transplanting Seedlings: Seedlings grown indoors are “No-pest strips” placed among the seed in a sealed paper ready to be transplanted when the second set of true bag and left for two weeks is effective. leaves has developed. When removing a seedling from the flat, avoid contact with the stem and roots. Grasp a Seed Cleaning: After collection, seed should be cleaned leaf with one hand and with the other hand pry under the right away. Some seed can be air dried for 1 to 2 days seedling with a wooden label or popsicle stick. Loosen and the seeds will disperse from the capsules, whereas the roots and remove the plant. A thorough watering some seed will need to be shaken free from the capsules prior to transplanting will ease removal. Generally, a 3- after drying. Other seed, that is tiny and difficult to extract, inch container is the next step for the seedling. Set the requires that the capsule be crushed and worked through seedling into a hole large enough to accommodate the a sieve to separate the seed. Fleshy seed coats should roots and at the same level at which the plant was be removed. Seed contained in larger capsules can be growing in the seed flat. Gently firm the soil at the base easily removed by splitting open the capsule. of the seedling. (Tall, thin seedlings can be planted slightly deeper for stability.) Seedlings will benefit from a Seed Storage: Plan to store the seed immediately weekly application of a general purpose fertilizer, applied following cleaning. The condition of the seed (dry or at half-strength for several weeks after transplanting. moist) is a clue as to how the seed should be stored. Dry Seedlings are ready to be moved into the garden when a seed should be stored dry in an air tight container. Moist vigorous root system has developed and danger of frost seed should be ‘stratified’ or layered in a moist medium, is past. such as whole-fiber spagnum moss, and placed in an air tight container. Containers of seed should be labeled and Transplanting and Establishing New Plants in the placed in the refrigerator for the winter months. Home Garden: Select the proper location for new plants. Consult the cultivation instructions for specifics. Seed Sowing: Seed can be sown indoors in late winter or Container material is best transplanted on a cloudy day directly into a seed bed outdoors in the fall or in spring or late in the afternoon on a clear day. (If transplanting when the danger of frost is past. If sowing indoors, a well- cannot be carried out soon, protect plants from the sun drained seed mix, such as equal parts of peat moss, and keep them watered.) Transplants should go directly vermiculite, and sand should be used. Commercial seed into prepared garden soil. A transplant should be planted mixes are also available at local garden centers. Select a at the same level as it was growing in the pot. Many of container large enough to spread seeds out evenly. Tiny the plants may be pot-bound. It is important to break up seed can be broadcast on the surface of the seed mix. the root mass in order to allow the roots freedom to grow Larger seed should be covered with an amount of soil into their new environment. Firm the soil around the twice the size of the seed. Freshly sown seed is best plant; water thoroughly, and mulch. watered from below, i.e. immerse the seed flat in a shallow pan of water until the surface of the soil is moist. Place Post-planting/Sowing Care: Supplemental water should the seed flat in a warm (70-75 degrees F) location and be given during dry months. Once established, the cover with clear plastic or a glass panel to retain moisture. amount of water given to wildflowers can be gradually As the seedlings develop, the cover may be removed a reduced. If well adapted to the area, the wildflowers will little more each day to gradually adjust the plant to lower survive drought periods without supplemental water.
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