Kvantitatív Morfológiai Módszerek Fejlesztése És Alkalmazása Hangya-Taxonómiai Vizsgálatokban

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Kvantitatív Morfológiai Módszerek Fejlesztése És Alkalmazása Hangya-Taxonómiai Vizsgálatokban dc_1436_17 MTA DOKTORI ÉRTEKEZÉS KVANTITATÍV MORFOLÓGIAI MÓDSZEREK FEJLESZTÉSE ÉS ALKALMAZÁSA HANGYA-TAXONÓMIAI VIZSGÁLATOKBAN Dr. Csősz Sándor 2017 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) dc_1436_17 Tartalomjegyzék 1 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) dc_1436_17 Tartalomjegyzék 1 Tartalomjegyzék 1 Tartalomjegyzék ........................................................................................ 2 2 Előszó ......................................................................................................... 6 3 A dolgozat felépítése ................................................................................ 8 4 Bevezetés és célkitűzések ....................................................................... 10 4.1 Motivációim .......................................................................................................... 10 4.2 A taxonómia modern kori kihívásai ........................................................................ 10 4.3 Az alkalmazott megközelítések .............................................................................. 14 4.3.1 A fenotípusos adatok fontossága ............................................................................................ 14 4.3.2 A »bizonyíték alapú taxonómia« ............................................................................................. 15 4.3.3 A morfológiai vizsgálatok használata az integratív taxonómiában .......................................... 16 4.3.4 A kvantitatív módszerek előnyei és alkalmazásának korlátai .................................................. 17 4.3.4.1 Miért a kvantitatív morfológiában látom a taxonómia fejlődésének kulcsát? ............... 18 4.3.4.2 A kvantitatív morfológiai megközelítések taxonómiai alkalmazásának korlátai............. 18 4.4 Célkitűzések: kvantitatív morfológiai megközelítések alkalmazása és népszerűsítése a taxonómiában .................................................................................................................. 20 5 Saját eredmények és megvitatásuk ....................................................... 23 5.1 A fenotípusos jellegek adatsorokká alakítása és szabványosítása – a Hymenoptera Anatomy Ontology portál ................................................................................................. 23 5.1.1 Egy fenotípus regisztráló környezet kialakítása ....................................................................... 27 5.1.2 Az ontológiai projektek jelen kori kihívásai ............................................................................. 29 5.1.3 Az adat integrálás elérése ........................................................................................................ 30 5.1.4 A szemantikus fenotípus megközelítés gyakorlati taxonómiai alkalmazásának példái ........... 32 5.2 NC-klaszterezés – Egy új alkalmazás biodiverzitás morfológiai mintázatainak felismerésére ................................................................................................................... 34 5.2.1 A mintázatfelismerő módszerek fejlesztésének szükségessége .............................................. 36 5.2.2 Az új megközelítés gyakorlati kivitelezése ............................................................................... 38 5.2.3 Anyag és módszerek ................................................................................................................ 40 5.2.3.1 A tesztelésre kiválasztott csoportok és a kiválasztás kritériumai ................................... 40 5.2.3.2 Az adat mátrix előkészítése. ........................................................................................... 41 5.2.3.3 Agglomerative Nesting (AGNES) ..................................................................................... 41 5.2.4 A kvantitatív morfológiai fajhipotézisek generálásának protokollja ....................................... 43 5.2.4.1 A »végleges morfológiai fajhipotézis« megalkotása ....................................................... 43 5.2.4.2 »A progresszív fajhipotézis« ........................................................................................... 44 5.2.5 Eredmények és diszkusszió ...................................................................................................... 45 5.2.5.1 Az eredményül kapott progresszív fajhipotézis összehasonlítása korábban publikált taxonómiai eredményekkel .............................................................................................................. 45 5.2.5.2 A klaszterező algoritmusok eredményeinek összehasonlítása ....................................... 47 5.2.5.3 Hibrid esetek vizsgálata .................................................................................................. 55 5.2.6 Konklúzió és ajánlások ............................................................................................................. 57 2 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) dc_1436_17 Tartalomjegyzék 5.2.6.1 Módszerek kombinált használata ................................................................................... 57 5.2.6.2 A minták mérete az NC-klaszterezés sikerességét befolyásoló tényező ......................... 58 5.2.6.3 A négy vizsgált módszer nem javasolt hibrid esetek vizsgálatára ................................... 60 5.3 Az új módszertani elemek gyakorlati alkalmazása a biodiverzitás kutatásában – NC- klaszeterezés alkalmazása Nyugat Palearktikus hangya fauna taxonómiai feltárásában ..... 61 5.3.1 A munka aktualitása ................................................................................................................ 62 5.3.2 Anyag és módszerek ................................................................................................................ 64 5.3.2.1 A morfometrikus karakterek mérésének protokollja ...................................................... 64 5.3.2.2 A statisztikai feldolgozás ................................................................................................. 64 5.3.2.3 Morfometrikus adatok feltáró elemzése ........................................................................ 65 5.3.3 Eredmények ............................................................................................................................. 66 5.3.3.1 Morfológiai eredmények ................................................................................................ 66 5.3.3.2 Molekuláris eredmények ................................................................................................ 69 5.3.4 Konklúzió.................................................................................................................................. 71 5.4 A Malagasi Nesomyrmex fauna taxonómiai feltárása ............................................. 79 5.4.1 Automatizált taxonómiai döntéshozási eljárások bevezetése a Madagaszkár hangya faunájának taxonómiai feltárásának meggyorsítása céljából ............................................................... 81 5.4.2 A munka aktualitása ................................................................................................................ 87 5.4.3 Anyag és módszer .................................................................................................................... 89 5.4.3.1 A morfometrikus karakterek mérésének protokollja ...................................................... 91 5.4.3.2 Statisztikai feldolgozás .................................................................................................... 91 5.4.4 Eredmények és konklúzió ........................................................................................................ 95 5.4.4.1 A Malagasi Nesomyrmex fauna diverzitása .................................................................... 95 5.4.4.2 Kriptikus Nesomyrmex fajok aránya a régióban ............................................................. 95 5.4.4.3 A Nesomyrmex fajok környezeti és geográfiai szegregációja ......................................... 98 5.4.4.4 Malagasi endemizmusok a fauna vizsgált szegmensében .............................................. 98 5.5 Malagasi kollégák kvantitatív taxonómiai munkára való felkészítése és a módszertan meghonosítása helyi szinten ........................................................................................... 101 6 Az eredmények összefoglalása ............................................................. 105 6.1 A szemantikus fenotípus megközelítés alkalmazása hangyákon ............................ 105 6.2 NC-klaszterezés és NC-PART morfológiai mintázat felismerő rendszerek ............... 105 6.3 Taxonómiai munkásságom .................................................................................. 107 6.4 Taxonómus-képzés Madagaszkáron – módszertani tréning helyi kollégák számára 108 7 Köszönetnyilvánítás .............................................................................. 109 8 Irodalomjegyzék .................................................................................. 110 8.1 Az értekezéshez felhasznált publikációim listája ................................................... 110 a) A doktori fokozat megszerzése utáni (2007-2017) publikációk listája .................... 110 b) A doktori fokozat megszerzése előtti (1998-2007) publikációk listája .................... 112 8.2 Az értekezés elkészítéséhez fel nem használt publikációim listája ......................... 113 8.3 Az értekezéshez felhasznált egyéb publikációk listája ........................................... 115 3 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) dc_1436_17
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