Ïðåäâàðèòåëüíûé Îáçîð Ôàóíû Ìóðàâü¸Â (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

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Ïðåäâàðèòåëüíûé Îáçîð Ôàóíû Ìóðàâü¸Â (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Евразиатский энтомол. журнал 16(6): 566–576 © EUROASIAN ENTOMOLOGICAL JOURNAL, 2017 Ïðåäâàðèòåëüíûé îáçîð ôàóíû ìóðàâü¸â (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè A preliminary review of the ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Novosibirskaya Oblast, Russia À.Ñ. Ðÿáèíèí, Ñ.Â. ×åñíîêîâà, Ò.À. Íîâãîðîäîâà A.S. Ryabinin, S.V. Chesnokova, Ò.À. Novgorodova Институт систематики и экологии животных СО РАН, ул. Фрунзе 11, Новосибирск 630091 Россия. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Frunze Str. 11, Novosibirsk 630091 Russia. Ключевые слова: муравьи, фауна, Новосибирская область. Key words: ants, fauna, Novosibirskaya Oblast. Резюме. Мирмекологические исследования на терри- Введение тории Новосибирской области осуществляются с 20-х гг. прошлого века, при этом планомерного изучения мирме- Муравьи являются одной из наиболее значимых кофауны региона не проводилось. Впервые представле- групп животных в наземных биоценозах. Благодаря ны обобщенные данные по фауне муравьёв Новосибирс- внушительной биомассе, сложной социальной и тер- кой области и их распространению. Мирмекофауна риториальной организации, а также многообразию региона включает 53 вида муравьёв из 14 родов двух своей деятельности, которая помимо хищничества подсемейств (Formicinae, Myrmicinae). Около 75 % от всех выявленных видов составили представители трёх включает трофобиотические отношения с выделяю- родов: Formica — 18 видов, Myrmica — 15, Lasius — 6. щими падь насекомыми, участие в почвообразова- Остальные роды включают по 1–2 вида. Несмотря на нии, опылении и т.д., муравьи способны оказывать относительно небольшое число пунктов сбора материала существенное влияние на состояние и развитие при- на территории региона, к настоящему времени мирмеко- родных сообществ [Dlussky, 1967, 1984; Hölldobler, фауна лесостепной и степной зон оказалась достаточно Wilson, 1990, 2009; Keller, Gordon, 2009; Zakharov, хорошо изучена. Сравнительный анализ полученных дан- 2015]. В настоящее время в мировой фауне насчиты- ных с видовым составом муравьёв, обитающих в сходных вается более 13 тысяч видов муравьёв [Bolton, 2017], условиях в Курганской области, выявил высокую сте- в Палеарктике отмечено более 1500, из них в Евро- пень сходства (около 67 %). Дальнейшие исследования в пе — более 650 видов [Radchenko, 2016]. На террито- таёжной зоне на севере области, на территории с горно- таёжным ландшафтом в пределах Салаирского кряжа, а рии России и сопредельных государств выявлено также в не изученных ранее биотопах лесостепи и степи около 300 видов муравьёв [Kupyanskaya, 1995]. Од- могут существенно расширить список видов региона. нако, несмотря на важную роль муравьёв в форми- ровании и функционировании природных сооб- Abstract. Myrmecological research in Novosibirskaya ществ, мирмекофауна многих регионов до сих пор Oblast has been conducted since the 1920s, but the study of остаётся слабо изученной. К ним относится и Ново- the myrmecofauna of the region has not been undertaken. сибирская область — один из крупнейших регионов Data on the fauna of ants (53 species from 14 genera of two Российской Федерации, расположенный на юго-во- subfamilies, Formicinae and Myrmicinae) of Novosibirskaya стоке Западно-Сибирской равнины (рис. 1). Протя- Oblast and their distribution are presented for the first time. жённость Новосибирской области с запада на вос- About 75 % of all identified species were representatives of three genera, Formica (18 spp.), Myrmica (15) and Lasius ток составляет около 640 км (от 75°08 до 85°11' с.ш.), (6); the remaining genera include only 1–2 species. Despite с севера на юг — около 440 км (от 57°23' до 2 the relatively small number of examined localities of the 53°29' с.ш.), площадь — около 178 тыс. км . Для реги- Oblast, the myrmecofauna of the forest-steppe and steppe она характерно высокое разнообразие природных zones has now been reasonably well studied. A comparative условий, так как его территория включает три геобо- analysis of obtained data with the well studied fauna of ants танические зоны: таёжную, лесостепную и степную living in similar conditions in the Kurganskaya Oblast re- [Kazantsev, Teplova, 2010], а также предгорно-низко- vealed a high degree of similarity (c. 67 %). Further studies in горные ландшафты Салаирского кряжа на юго-вос- the taiga zone in the north of Novosibirskaya Oblast with a токе области. Таёжная зона, расположенная на севе- mountain-taiga landscape within the Salair Ridge, as well as ре области, представлена двумя подзонами — южной in the unstudied biotopes of the forest-steppe and steppe, can significantly expand the list of species in the region. тайгой и подтайгой (подзона мелколиственных ле- сов). Лесостепные ландшафты занимают почти по- Предварительный обзор фауны муравьёв Новосибирской области 567 ловину площади и включают Приобскую лесостепь, выявления трофобиотических связей муравьёв и тлей а также лесостепь Северо-Кузнецкой котловины и в 1993–2017 гг. (Т.А. Новгородова — 1993–2017 гг., Барабинской равнины. В юго-западной части регио- А.В. Гаврилюк — 2006–2010 гг., А.С. Рябинин — на расположена степная зона, представленная под- 2015–2017 гг.) и проведения полевой практики сту- зоной разнотравно-типчаково-ковыльных степей дентов НГУ под руководством Л.В. Омельченко и [Vagina, 1962; Kravtsov, Donukalova, 2000; Kazantsev, Н.М. Бугровой в 1980, 1986, 1994, 1997–1998 гг., а Teplova, 2010]. Разнообразие природных условий также материалы И.В. Стебаева, З.А. Жигульской, позволяет предполагать наличие достаточно высо- Ж.И. Резниковой, В.В. Дубатолова и Е.Е. Погарской, кого видового богатства муравьёв. хранящиеся в коллекции ИСиЭЖ СО РАН и литера- Первые сведения по муравьям, обитающим на турные данные. Данные М.Д. Рузского [Ruzsky, 1905, территории Новосибирской области, появились в 1925] в работе не использованы в связи с тем, что работах М.Д. Рузского [Ruzsky, 1905, 1925]. Плано- систематика муравьёв с тех пор существенно изме- мерное изучение данной группы на территории ре- нилась, а проверить определение материала не пред- гиона началось в 60-х гг. прошлого века [Stebaev et ставляется возможным. al., 1967]. Основные направления исследований были Проанализированы сведения о муравьях, обита- посвящены: межвидовым взаимодействиям муравь- ющих в окрестностях 27 пунктов 13 районов Новоси- ёв [Stebaev, 1971; Stebaev, Reznikova, 1972, 1974; бирской области (рис. 1): 1 — г. Новосибирск (Ака- Reznikova, 1975, 1983, 1998, 1999, 2003а]; простран- демгородок, мкр. Нижняя Ельцовка, ственной организации населения муравьёв в лесной дендрологический парк Новосибирского лесного зоне Западной и Средней Сибири, а также на терри- хозяйства); 2 — г. Бердск; 3 — с. Жеребцово, 4 — тории и в прилежащих ландшафтах Новосибирского с. Боровое, 5 — п. Железнодорожный; 6 — п. Крас- Академгородка [Omelchenko, 1996; Omelchenko, нообск (Новосибирский район); 7 — с. Буготак, 8 — Zhigulskaya, 1998; Omelchenko et al., 2013]; различ- г. Буготакские сопки, 9 — 2,5 км южнее с. Дергоусо- ным аспектам жизнедеятельности муравьёв отдель- во (Тогучинский район); 10 — г. Болотное (Болот- ных видов, включая муравьёв-рабовладельцев нинский район); 11 — п. Виноград, 12 — с. Романо- [Reznikova, 1979; Kharkiv, 1997a, b, 1998; Reznikova, во (Черепановский район); 13 — с. Мереть Panteleeva, 2001; Panteleeva et al., 2010]; влиянию (Сузунский район); 14 — г. Карасук, 15 — с. Троиц- муравьёв на растительный покров пригнездовых тер- кое, 16 — Памятник природы «Троицкая степь» (око- риторий [Bugrova, Pshenitsyna, 2003, 2007, 2009]; эко- ло 10 км западнее от с. Троицкое) (Карасукский рай- логическим и этологическим аспектам взаимодей- он); 17 — с. Зоново, 18 — д. Еланка (Куйбышевский ствия муравьёв с выделяющими падь насекомыми район); 19 — с. Улыбино; 20 — д. Шибково (Иски- [Novgorodova, Reznikova, 1996; Reznikova, тимский район); 21 — с. Нижнекаменка (Ордынский Novgorodova, 1998; Novgorodova, 2003, 2008, 2015a; район); 22 — с. Пайвино; 23 — с. Суенга, 24 — Novgorodova, Biryukova, 2011; Novgorodova, 2,5 км юго-западнее от с. Верх-Ики, база отдыха «Юр- Ryabinin, 2017 и др.] и их врагами [Novgorodova, манка» (Маслянинский район); 25 — с. Убинское 2005; Novgorodova, Gavrilyuk, 2012; Novgorodova, (Убинский район); 26 — г. Татарск (Татарский рай- Kryukov, 2017]; роли рыжих лесных муравьёв в сооб- он); 27 — п. Озеро-Карачи (Чановский район). Ин- ществах и их влиянию на другие группы животных формация о видах с указанием точек сбора и литера- [Reznikova, Dorosheva, 2000; Reznikova, Sleptsova, турных источников представлена в списке. Новые 2003; Sleptzova, Reznikova, 2006; Panteleeva et al., 2011; для территории виды отмечены астериском (*). Си- Maslov et al., 2016; Iakovlev et al., 2017]. Несмотря на нонимия муравьёв и классификация группы дана по то, что целенаправленного изучения видового раз- Б. Болтону [Bolton, 2017] с небольшим дополнени- нообразия муравьёв Новосибирской области не про- ем — с учётом деления рода Formica на четыре под- водилось, в ходе полевых исследований на террито- рода [Zakharov, Dlussky, 2013]. рии региона был накоплен ряд данных о муравьях, Для того чтобы оценить степень изученности обитающих в различных биотопах. Однако, к настоя- фауны муравьёв Новосибирской области и перс- щему моменту единственная работа, в которой пред- пективы дальнейших исследований данной группы ставлены достаточно полные сведения о видовом на территории региона, проведён сравнительный составе муравьёв, касается только лесопарковой зоны анализ выявленного видового
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