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Ant Fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Central Anatolian Region of Turkey

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Ant Fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Central Anatolian Region of Turkey Turkish Journal of Zoology Turk J Zool (2021) 45: 161-196 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/zoo-2008-6 Ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Central Anatolian Region of Turkey Kadri KIRAN*, Celal KARAMAN Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey Received: 10.08.2020 Accepted/Published Online: 13.03.2021 Final Version: 21.05.2021 Abstract: The Central Anatolian part of Turkey was investigated with the aim of determining its Formicidae fauna. Specimens were collected by hand sampling and pitfall traps in 24 habitats in 383 different localities in Central Anatolia Region during 2001–2016. As a result, 137 species belonging to 34 genera were determined. Messor incorruptus Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1929 and Ponera testacea Emery, 1895 are new records for Turkish ant fauna. We excluded four species, Camponotus sylvaticus (Oliver, 1792), Messor meridionalis (André, 1883), Proformica striaticeps (Forel, 1911) and Tapinoma nigerrimum (Nylander, 1856), from Turkish ant fauna due to recent taxonomic data and distribution pattern. With these records and exclusions ant fauna of Turkey is updated from 377 to 375. Key words: Formicidae, ants, Central Anatolia, Turkey 1. Introduction 19% of the country (Atalay and Mortan, 2008). However, Turkey, located between Europe and Asia covers a relatively this region was the second less ant species known area large surface area and is an important country in terms of (108 species) after Southeast Anatolian Region of Turkey the biodiversity it harbors. The importance of the country (62 species). Although some faunistic studies have been comes from its geopraphical location which makes the carried out in Central Anatolia Region, none of them south easternmost part of Europe and westernmost part aimed to reveal ant fauna of the region as a whole. On of Asia. This caused to take chance to understand of some the other hand, Central Anatolia Region of Turkey is an continental endemic species and populations situations as important region of in the country with the steppic and well to find many common species for both continental in antropogenic steppic areas included. Steppic areas are same country Turkey. located in the middle of the region around Salt Lake with Ants constitute a very predominant insect group 900 m altitude and Konya lowland with 1000 m altitude on the world and Turkey is one of the species richest (Atalay and Mortan, 2008). The highest point is 3917 m country in the region with 377 known taxa (Santschi, Erciyes Mt. and the average altitude is 1205 m (Elibüyük 1926; Collingwood et al., 2011; Ghahari and Collingwood, and Yılmaz, 2010). This rich geographic composition and 2013; Heinze et al., 2015; Dubovikoff and Yusupov, 2017; its geographic location give inevitably opportunity of Salata and Borowiec, 2019; Salata et al., 2019; Kiran and suitable environments for settlements of ants. Karaman, 2020; Seifert, 2020a) followed by Greece (315 In this study we aimed to determine the ant fauna of taxa) (Salata and Borowiec, 2018) and Iran (248 taxa) (Rad Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. et al., 2018; Khalili-Moghadam et al., 2019). Although the high number of ant taxa in Turkey can be regarded as to be 2. Materials and methods related with the larger surface area of the country, Turkey Specimens were collected by hand sampling and pitfall is accepted as speciation center for many ant species, traps in 24 habitats in 383 different localities in Central especially cryptic ones. However, studies for determining Anatolia Region during 2001–2016. The altitudes of the the ant fauna of Turkey is far from to be complete. Only sampling locations ranged from 322 to 2863 m (Table 1, the western part of country has been studied partly in Figure 1). detail, and knowledge of ant fauna of central and eastern The pictures of the sampled material were taken parts are limited (Kiran and Karaman, 2020). using Nikon D800e camera attached to 3.2× and 8× Central Anatolia Region is the second largest region microscope objectives. Pictures were stacked using the in Turkey with its surface area of 151,000 km2, making Helicon Focus software (Helicon Soft Ltd.,Kharkiv * Correspondence: [email protected] 161 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. KIRAN and KARAMAN / Turk J Zool Table 1. The local name, coordinate, altitude, habitat type and collection date details. Loc. No Localities Coordinates h. Habitats Date 38°39′51″ N, 1 Afyonkarahisar-Bolvadin-Eber Lake 972 m Meadow 14.06.2011 31°06′33″ E 38°35′32″ N, 30.07.2002 2 Afyonkarahisar-Çay 1010 m Urban area 31°01′44″ E 31.07.2002 38°53′15″ N, 3 Afyonkarahisar-Emirdağ-Çaykışla 1379 m Oak forest 14.06.2011 31°16′51″ E Afyonkarahisar-Emirdağ-Çaykışla Vill.-Dandin 38°50′57.48″ N, 4 1500 m Cedar forest 08.09.2008 River 31°16′31.38″ E 38°56′19″ N, 5 Afyonkarahisar-Emirdağ-Davulga 1367 m Steppe 14.06.2011 31°20′47″ E 38°31′49″ N, 6 Afyonkarahisar-Sultandağı 1480 m Oak forest 31.07.2002 31°13′55″ E 38°29′01″ N, 7 Afyonkarahisar-Sultandağı-Dereçine Vill. 1270 m Young cedar forest 31.07.2002 31°15′18″ E 38°52′29″ N, 8 Aksaray-Ağaçören-Camili Vill. 1071 m Riverbank 04.06.2010 33°57′49″ E 38°16′29″ N, 9 Aksaray-Bağlı Vill. 970 m Meadow 23.06.2011 34°03′47″ E 38°38′12″ N, 10 Aksaray-Çavdarlılar Vill. 1404 m Bush 24.06.2011 34°00′08″ E 38°20′09.45″ N, 11 Aksaray-Eskil (7 km S) 990 m Barren area 26.08.2004 33°24′24.71″ E 38°16′41″ N, 12 Aksaray-Eskil-Eşmekaya 953 m Steppe 26.06.2011 33°26′07″ E 38°18′46″ N, 13 Aksaray-Güzelyurt 1515 m Oak forest 23.06.2011 34°23′24″ E 38°14′23″ N, 14 Aksaray-Güzelyurt-Ihlara Valley 1175 m Riverbank 21.08.2001 34°18′22″ E 38°13′18″ N, Poplar wood+Willow 15 Aksaray-Güzelyurt-Ihlara Vill. 1354 m 11.09.2006 34°17′14″ E grove 38°18′17″ N, 16 Aksaray-Güzelyurt-Selime Vill. 1000 m Riverbank, Meadow 21.08.2001 34°15′30″ E 38°09′33″ N, 1925 m Alpine meadow 23.06.2011 34°10′16″ E 17 Aksaray-Helvadere 38°10′15″ N, 1616 m Oak forest 23.06.2011 34°10′44″ E 38°45′10″ N, 18 Aksaray-Ortaköy 1168 m Riverbank 04.06.2010 34°03′26″ E 38°45′28.50″ N, 19 Aksaray-Ortaköy (7 km NE) 1140 m Riverbank 26.08.2004 34°04′04.94″ E 38°33′35″ N, 20 Aksaray-Tabdik Vill. 1585 m Oak forest 23.06.2011 34°08′54″ E 38°22′22″ N, 21 Aksaray-Yenikent 928 m Steppe 23.06.2011 33°44′31″ E 40°01′27″ N, 22 Ankara-Ayaş-Başayaş Vill. 1166 m Riverbank 22.10.2009 32°22′54″ E 162 KIRAN and KARAMAN / Turk J Zool Table 1. (Continued). Loc. No Localities Coordinates h. Habitats Date 40°08′28.50″ N, 23 Ankara-Ayaş-Başbereket 803 m - 08.06.2007 32°22′25.53″ E 40°09′07″ N, 24 Ankara-Ayaş-Çanıllı 906 m Riverbank 22.10.2009 32°24′42″ E 39°55′47.36″ N, 25 Ankara-Ayaş-Gökler Vill. 1020 m Grassland 22.08.2004 32°23′31.89″ E 39°15′25″ N, 26 Ankara-Bala-Altınçanak Vill. 1046 m Steppe 20.10.2009 32°54′31″ E 39°34′19″ N, 27 Ankara-Bala-Aşıkoğlu Vill. 1189 m Bush 20.10.2009 32°08′20″ E 39°40′27″ N, 28 Ankara-Bala-Beynam Vill. 1396 m Pinus nigra forest 20.10.2009 32°54′32″ E 39°16′44″ N, 29 Ankara-Bala-Sofular Vill. 922 m Meadow 25.06.2011 33°07′32″ E 40°23′34″ N, 30 Ankara-Çubuk-Karagöl 1708 m Pinus nigra forest 18.10.2009 32°53′52″ E 40°26′27″ N, 31 Ankara-Çubuk-Yukarıçavundur Vill. 1481 m Pinus nigra forest 18.10.2009 33°04′06″ E 39°46′47″ N, 32 Ankara-Elmadağ-Evciler Vill. 1280 m Meadow 22.08.2001 33°02′16″ E 40°03′17″ N, 33 Ankara-Elmadağ-Hasanoğlan 1863 m Barren area 19.10.2009 33°13′25″ E 39°27′09″ N, 34 Ankara-Elmadağ-Kayadibi Vill. 879 m Riverbank 19.10.2009 33°17′21″ E 39°44′09″ N, Poplar wood + 35 Ankara-Elmadağ-Tohumlular Vill. 1220 m 22.08.2001 32°57′49″ E Willow grove 39°47′12.33″ N, 1013 m - 01.05.2005 32°47′05.28″ E 36 Ankara-Gölbaşı 39°48′34.80″ N, 15.04.2014 1069 m Pinus nigra forest 32°50′03.95″ E 14.07.2014 39°48′58″ N, 37 Ankara-Gölbaşı-Eymir Lake 970 m Pinus nigra forest 19.10.2009 32°49′15″ E 39°42′49″ N, 38 Ankara-Gölbaşı-Karaoğlan Vill. 1277 m Bush 20.10.2009 32°52′33″ E 39°38′38″ N, 39 Ankara-Gölbaşı-Subaşı Vill. 1109 m Riverbank 21.10.2009 32°31′48″ E 39°46′25″ N, 40 Ankara-Güdül-Afşar Vill. 1188 m Bush 21.10.2009 32°08′10″ E 40°06′50″ N, 41 Ankara-Güdül-İlhanköy 698 m Riverbank 22.10.2009 32°16′15″ E 39°25′37″ N, 42 Ankara-Haymana-Çuluk Vill. 1192 m Riverbank 21.10.2009 32°40′04″ E 39°24′35″ N, 43 Ankara-Haymana-Gedikli Vill.
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