DOCSLIB.ORG

Neuronal Correlates of Nestmate Recognition in the Carpenter Ant

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Neuronal Correlates of Nestmate Recognition in the Carpenter Ant Neuronal correlates of nestmate recognition in the carpenter ant, Camponotus floridanus …………………… Neuronale Korrelate der Nestgenossen-Erkennung bei der Rossameise, Camponotus floridanus Doctoral thesis for a doctoral degree at the Graduate School of Life Sciences, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Section: Integrative Biology Submitted by Andreas Simon Brandstaetter From Regensburg Würzburg 2010 Submitted on: ……………………………………………………………... Office stamp Members of the Promotionskomitee: Chairperson: Prof. Dr. Paul Pauli (Universität Würzburg) Primary Supervisor: Dr. habil. Christoph Kleineidam (Universität Würzburg / Konstanz) Supervisor (Second): Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Rössler (Universität Würzburg) Supervisor (Third): Prof. Dr. Jürgen Liebig (Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA) Date of Public Defense: ……………………………………………….. Date of Receipt of Certificates: ……………………………………. Affidavit (Eidesstattliche Erklärung) According §4 Abs. 3 Ziff. 3, 5 und 8 of the „Promotionsordnung der Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg“ I hereby declare that my thesis entitled “Neuronal correlates of nestmate recognition in the carpenter ant, Camponotus floridanus” is the result of my own work. I did not receive any help or support from commercial consultants. All sources and / or materials applied are listed and specified in the thesis. Furthermore, I verify that this thesis has not yet been submitted as part of another examination process neither in identical nor in similar form. Würzburg, ……………………………………………………………………………... Date Signature The thesis is based on the following manuscripts: Chapter 1: Leonhardt S.D., Brandstaetter A.S., and Kleineidam C.J. (2007) Reformation process of the neuronal template for nestmate-recognition cues in the carpenter ant Camponotus floridanus. Journal of Comparative Physiology A 193:993-1000. doi: 10.1007/s00359-007-0252-8 Chapter 2: Brandstaetter A.S., Endler A., and Kleineidam C.J. (2008) Nestmate recognition in ants is possible without tactile interaction. Naturwissenschaften 95(7):601-608. doi: 10.1007/s00114-008-0360-5 Chapter 3: Brandstaetter A.S., Rössler W., and Kleineidam C.J. (2010) Dummies versus air puffs: efficient stimulus delivery for low-volatile odors. Chemical Senses 35(4):323- 333. doi: 10.1093/chemse/bjq022 Chapter 4: Brandstaetter A.S., Rössler W., and Kleineidam C.J. (under review) Friends and foes from an ant brain’s point of view – neuronal correlates of colony odors in a social insect. PLoS One Chapter 5: Brandstaetter A.S. and Kleineidam C.J. (under review) Distributed representation of social odors indicates parallel processing in the antennal lobe of ants. Journal of Neurophysiology „Dissertation unter Einschluss mehrerer Manuskripte“ in der GSLS – Erklärung zu Eigenanteilen an Publikationen und Zweitpublikationsrechten (ggf. weitere Blätter dieses Formblatts verwenden) Publikation (Vollständiges Zitat): Leonhardt S.D., Brandstaetter A.S., and Kleineidam C.J. (2007) Reformation process of the neuronal template for nestmate-recognition cues in the carpenter ant Camponotus floridanus. Journal of Comparative Physiology A 193:993-1000. Beteiligt an Autoren-Initialen, Verantwortlichkeit abnehmend von links nach rechts Planung der Untersuchungen CJK SDL ASB Datenerhebung SDL Daten-Analyse und Interpretation CJK SDL ASB Schreiben des Manuskripts SDL CJK ASB ggf. Erläuterung: Publikation (Vollständiges Zitat): Brandstaetter A.S., Endler A., and Kleineidam C.J. (2008) Nestmate recognition in ants is possible without tactile interaction. Naturwissenschaften 95(7):601-608. Beteiligt an Autoren-Initialen, Verantwortlichkeit abnehmend von links nach rechts Planung der Untersuchungen CJK ASB AE Datenerhebung ASB Daten-Analyse und Interpretation ASB CJK Schreiben des Manuskripts ASB CJK ggf. Erläuterung: Publikation (Vollständiges Zitat): Brandstaetter A.S., Rössler W., and Kleineidam C.J. (2010) Dummies versus air puffs: efficient stimulus delivery for low-volatile odors. Chemical Senses 35(4):323-333. Beteiligt an Autoren-Initialen, Verantwortlichkeit abnehmend von links nach rechts Planung der Untersuchungen CJK ASB WR Datenerhebung ASB Daten-Analyse und Interpretation ASB CJK Schreiben des Manuskripts ASB CJK ggf. Erläuterung: Publikation (Vollständiges Zitat): Brandstaetter A.S., Rössler W., and Kleineidam C.J. (under review) Friends and foes from an ant brain’s point of view – neuronal correlates of colony odors in a social insect. PLoS One Beteiligt an Autoren-Initialen, Verantwortlichkeit abnehmend von links nach rechts Planung der Untersuchungen ASB CJK WR Datenerhebung ASB Daten-Analyse und Interpretation ASB CJK Schreiben des Manuskripts ASB CJK WR ggf. Erläuterung: Publikation (Vollständiges Zitat): Brandstaetter A.S. and Kleineidam C.J. (under review) Distributed representation of social odors indicates parallel processing in the antennal lobe of ants. Journal of Neurophysiology Beteiligt an Autoren-Initialen, Verantwortlichkeit abnehmend von links nach rechts Planung der Untersuchungen ASB CJK Datenerhebung ASB Daten-Analyse und Interpretation ASB CJK Schreiben des Manuskripts ASB CJK ggf. Erläuterung: Für alle in dieser „Dissertation unter Einschluss mehrerer Manuskripte“ verwendeten Manuskripte liegen die notwendigen Genehmigungen der Verlage und Co-Autoren für die Zweitpublikation vor. Mit meiner Unterschrift bestätige ich die Kenntnisnahme und das Einverständnis meines direkten Betreuers. Andreas Brandstaetter, __________________________________________ Name Kandidat(in), Datum, Unterschrift Table of contents I. Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 1 II. Zusammenfassung ........................................................................................................................ 3 III. General Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 5 III.1 Eusociality ................................................................................................................................... 5 III.2 Chemical basis of colony recognition ......................................................................................... 6 III.3 Neuronal basis of colony recognition ......................................................................................... 7 III.3.1 The insect olfactory system ................................................................................................... 7 III.3.2 The neuronal template .......................................................................................................... 8 III.4 Model system: the Florida carpenter ant ................................................................................... 9 III.5 Thesis outline .............................................................................................................................. 9 IV. Chapter 1: Reformation process of the neuronal template for nestmate-recognition cues in the carpenter ant Camponotus floridanus. ................................................................ 12 V. Chapter 2: Nestmate recognition in ants is possible without tactile interaction. ...................... 21 VI. Chapter 3: Dummies versus air puffs: efficient stimulus delivery for low-volatile odors. .......... 30 VII. Chapter 4: Friends and foes from an ant brain’s point of view – neuronal correlates of colony odors in a social insect. ....................................................................................... 42 VIII. Chapter 5: Distributed representation of social odors indicates parallel processing in the antennal lobe of ants. .................................................................................................... 57 IX. General Discussion ...................................................................................................................... 78 IX.1 Stimulus delivery for colony odors ........................................................................................... 78 IX.1.1 Colony odor detection is possible at short range................................................................ 78 IX.1.2 Effective stimulus delivery for low-volatile odors ............................................................... 79 IX.2 Neuronal correlates of colony recognition ............................................................................... 80 IX.2.1 Ants perceive their own colony odor .................................................................................. 80 IX.2.2 Colony odor information is processed in parallel ............................................................... 81 IX.2.3 How are friends and foes classified? ................................................................................... 81 IX.2.4 What causes the high variability of spatial activity patterns? ............................................ 83 IX.2.4.1 A highly complex stimulus ......................................................................................... 83 IX.2.4.2 Plasticity of the olfactory system .............................................................................. 83 IX.2.5 Template reformation ......................................................................................................... 84 IX.3 Significance of the work ........................................................................................................... 85 X. Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Anet Newsletter 8
    30 APRIL 2006 No. 8 ANeT Newsletter International Network for the Study of Asian Ants / DIWPA Network for Social Insect Collections / DIVERSITAS in West Pacific and Asia Proceedings of Committee Meeting of 5th ANeT Workshop Minutes prepared by: Prof. Datin Dr. Maryati Mohamed Institute for Tropical Biology & Conservation Universiti Malaysia Sabah, MALAYSIA Place and Date of the Committee Meeting Committee meeting of 5th ANeT Workshop was held on 30th November 2005 at the National Museum, Kuala Lumpur. The meeting started at 12.30 with a discussion on the draft of Action Plan tabled by Dr. John Fellowes and meeting then chaired by Prof. Maryati Mohamed at 1.00 pm. Meeting adjourned at 3.00 p.m. Members Attending Prof. Maryati Mohamed, the President of ANeT (Malaysia) Prof. Seiki Yamane (Japan) Prof. Kazuo Ogata (Japan) Dr. Rudy Kohout (Australia) Dr. John R. Fellowes (Hong Kong/UK) Mr. Suputa (Indonesia) Dr. Yoshiaki Hashimoto (Japan) Dr. Decha Wiwatwitaya (Thailand) Dr. Bui Tuan Viet (Vietnam) Dr. Himender Bharti (India) Dr. Sriyani Dias (Sri Lanka) Mr. Bakhtiar Effendi Yahya, the Secretariat of ANeT (Japan) Ms. Petherine Jimbau, the Secretariat of ANeT (Malaysia) Agenda Agreed 1. Discussion on Proposal on Action Plan as tabled by Dr. John Fellowes 2. Proceedings/Journal 3. Next meeting - 6th ANeT Seminar and Meeting (date and venue) 4. New members and structure of committee membership 5. Any other business ANeT Newsletter No. 8. 30 April 2006 Agenda Item 1: Discussion on Proposal on Action Plan as tabled by Dr. John Fellowes Draft of Proposal was distributed. During the discussion no amendments were proposed to the draft Action Plan objectives.
    [Show full text]
  • Larvae of the Green Lacewing Mallada Desjardinsi (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) Protect Themselves Against Aphid-Tending Ants by Carrying Dead Aphids on Their Backs
    Appl Entomol Zool (2011) 46:407–413 DOI 10.1007/s13355-011-0053-y ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPER Larvae of the green lacewing Mallada desjardinsi (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) protect themselves against aphid-tending ants by carrying dead aphids on their backs Masayuki Hayashi • Masashi Nomura Received: 6 March 2011 / Accepted: 11 May 2011 / Published online: 28 May 2011 Ó The Japanese Society of Applied Entomology and Zoology 2011 Abstract Larvae of the green lacewing Mallada desj- Introduction ardinsi Navas are known to place dead aphids on their backs. To clarify the protective role of the carried dead Many ants tend myrmecophilous homopterans such as aphids against ants and the advantages of carrying them for aphids and scale insects, and utilize the secreted honeydew lacewing larvae on ant-tended aphid colonies, we carried as a sugar resource; in return, the homopterans receive out some laboratory experiments. In experiments that beneficial services from the tending ants (Way 1963; Breton exposed lacewing larvae to ants, approximately 40% of the and Addicott 1992; Nielsen et al. 2010). These mutualistic larvae without dead aphids were killed by ants, whereas no interactions between ants and homopterans reduce the larvae carrying dead aphids were killed. The presence of survival and abundance of other arthropods, including the dead aphids did not affect the attack frequency of the non-honeydew-producing herbivores and other predators ants. When we introduced the lacewing larvae onto plants (Bristow 1984; Buckley 1987; Suzuki et al. 2004; Kaplan colonized by ant-tended aphids, larvae with dead aphids and Eubanks 2005), because the tending ants become more stayed for longer on the plants and preyed on more aphids aggressive and attack arthropods that they encounter on than larvae without dead aphids.
    [Show full text]
  • Larvae of Two Ladybirds, Phymatosternus Lewisii And
    Appl. Entomol. Zool. 42 (2): 181–187 (2007) http://odokon.org/ Larvae of two ladybirds, Phymatosternus lewisii and Scymnus posticalis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), exploiting colonies of the brown citrus aphid Toxoptera citricidus (Homoptera: Aphididae) attended by the ant Pristomyrmex pungens (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Shuji KANEKO*,† Shizuoka Prefectural Citrus Experiment Station; Shimizu, Shizuoka 424–0905, Japan (Received 12 June 2006; Accepted 14 November 2006) Abstract The distribution of two small coccinellids, Phymatosternus lewisii and Scymnus posticalis, across colonies of the aphid Toxoptera citricidus in relation to ant-attendance of the colonies and ant species, behavioral interactions be- tween the coccinellid larvae and ants, and the overlap in the larval distribution of the two coccinellids were examined in a citrus grove in Japan. P. lewisii larvae were found frequently in aphid colonies attended by the ant Pristomyrmex pungens but rarely in colonies attended by another ant, Lasius japonicus, and in ant-excluded colonies. A number of S. posticalis larvae were also recorded in P. pungens-attended colonies and some larvae in ant-excluded colonies. A few P. lewisii adults were noted only in P. pungens-attended colonies, whereas some S. posticalis adults were observed in ant-excluded colonies. In most encounters, P. pungens workers tapped P. lewisii larvae with their antennae but showed no aggressive behavior; otherwise, P. pungens workers ignored the larvae. P. pungens exhibited the same be- havior when encountering S. posticalis larvae. The proportion of P. pungens-attended aphid colonies where the larvae of both coccinellids occurred did not significantly differ from the probability of both coccinellids occurring in the same colonies given their random distribution across the colonies.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of Recent Interception Records Reveals Frequent Transport of Arboreal Ants and Potential Predictors for Ant Invasion in Taiwan
    insects Article Analysis of Recent Interception Records Reveals Frequent Transport of Arboreal Ants and Potential Predictors for Ant Invasion in Taiwan 1 2 3 4,5,6 7, Ching-Chen Lee , Yi-Ming Weng , Li-Chuan Lai , Andrew V. Suarez , Wen-Jer Wu y , 8, 9,10,11, , Chung-Chi Lin y and Chin-Cheng Scotty Yang * y 1 Center for Ecology and Environment, Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan; [email protected] 2 Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; [email protected] 3 Department of Ecological Humanities, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan; [email protected] 4 Department of Entomology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; [email protected] 5 Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA 6 Beckman Institute for Science and Technology, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA 7 Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; [email protected] 8 Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 50007, Taiwan; [email protected] 9 Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan 10 Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA 11 Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402204, Taiwan * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +81-774-38-3874 These authors contributed equally to this work. y Received: 22 April 2020; Accepted: 4 June 2020; Published: 8 June 2020 Abstract: We uncovered taxonomic diversity, country of origin and commodity type of intercepted ants at Taiwanese borders based on an 8 year database of 439 interception records.
    [Show full text]
  • Based Alpha-Taxonomy of Eusocial Organisms
    Myrmecological News 19 1-15 Vienna, January 2014 Application of Exploratory Data Analyses opens a new perspective in morphology- based alpha-taxonomy of eusocial organisms Bernhard SEIFERT, Markus RITZ & Sándor CSŐSZ Abstract This article introduces a new application of the Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) algorithms Ward's method, Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA), K-Means clustering, and a combination of Non-Metric Multidimen- sional Scaling and K-Means clustering (NMDS-K-Means) for hypothesis formation in morphology-based alpha-taxonomy of ants. The script is written in R and freely available at: http://sourceforge.net/projects/agnesclustering/. The characte- ristic feature of the new approach is an unconventional application of linear discriminant analysis (LDA): No species hypothesis is imposed. Instead each nest sample, composed of individual ant workers, is treated as a separate class. This creates a multidimensional distance matrix between group centroids of nest samples as input data for the clustering methods. We mark the new method with the prefix "NC" (Nest Centroid). The performance of NC-Ward, NC-UPGMA, NC-K-Means clustering, and a combination of Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling and K-Means clustering (NC- NMDS-K-Means) was comparatively tested in 48 examples with multiple morphological character sets of 74 cryptic species of 13 ant genera. Data sets were selected specifically on the criteria that the EDA methods are likely to lead to errors – i.e., for the condition that any character under consideration overlapped interspecifically in bivariate plots against body size. Morphospecies hypotheses were formed through interaction between EDA and a confirmative linear discri- minant analysis (LDA) in which samples with disagreements between the primary species hypotheses and EDA classifica- tion were set as wild-cards.
    [Show full text]
  • 2561 Seifert Lasius 1992.Pdf
    . 1 ABHANDLUNGEN UND BERICHTE DES NATURKUNDEMUSEUMS GORLITZ Band 66, Nummer 5 Abh. Ber. Naturkundemus. Gorlitz 66, 5: 1-67 (1992) ISSN 0373-7568 Manuskriptannahme am 25. 5. 1992 Erschienen am 7. 8. 1992 A Taxonomic Revision of the Palaearctic Members of the Ant Subgenus Lasius s. str. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) BERNHARD SEIFERT With 9 tables and 41 figures Abstract 33 species and one distinct subspecies of the ant subgenus Lasius s.str. are described for the Palaearctic region, including 1 7 species described as new and 8 taxa raised to species level. 1 taxa are synonymized and 12 taxa cannot be interpreted because of insufficient descriptions and unavailability of types. A total of 5050 specimens was studied and 3660 specimens were evaluated numerically giving 27 000 primary data on morphology. In the numeric analysis, the body-size-dependent variability was removed by consideration of allometric functions. The species'descriptions are supplemented by comments on differential characters and taxonomic status, by information on distribution and biology and by figures of each species. A key to the workers and comparative tables on numeric characters are provided. Zusammenfassung Eine taxonomische Revision der palaarktischen Vertreter des Ameisensubgenus Lasius s.str. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). 33 Spezies und eine distinkte Subspezies, darunter 17 neubeschriebene Spezies und 8 zum Art- niveau erhobene Taxa, werden fur den Subgenus Lasius s. str. fur die Palaarktische Region beschrieben. 1 1 Taxa werden synonymisiert und 12 Namen koimen wegen unzureichender Beschrei- bungen und des Fehlens von Typen nicht interpretiert werden. Ein Gesamtmaterial von 5050 Exem- plaren wurde untersucht, davon 3660 Exemplare mittels numerischer Merkmalsbeschreibimg, was 27 000 morphologische Primardaten ergab.
    [Show full text]
  • Destructive Disinfection of Infected Brood Prevents Systemic Disease
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Destructive disinfection of infected brood prevents systemic disease spread in ant colonies Christopher D Pull1†*, Line V Ugelvig1‡, Florian Wiesenhofer1§, Anna V Grasse1, Simon Tragust1,2#, Thomas Schmitt3, Mark JF Brown4, Sylvia Cremer1* 1IST Austria (Institute of Science and Technology Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria; 2Evolution, Genetics and Behaviour, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; 3Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, University of Wu¨ rzburg, Wu¨ rzburg, Germany; 4School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom *For correspondence: [email protected] (CDP); Abstract In social groups, infections have the potential to spread rapidly and cause disease [email protected] (SC) outbreaks. Here, we show that in a social insect, the ant Lasius neglectus, the negative Present address: †School of consequences of fungal infections (Metarhizium brunneum) can be mitigated by employing an Biological Sciences, Royal efficient multicomponent behaviour, termed destructive disinfection, which prevents further spread Holloway University of London, of the disease through the colony. Ants specifically target infected pupae during the pathogen’s Egham, United Kingdom; non-contagious incubation period, utilising chemical ‘sickness cues’ emitted by pupae. They then ‡Centre for Social Evolution, remove the pupal cocoon, perforate its cuticle and administer antimicrobial poison, which enters Department of Biology, the body and prevents pathogen replication from the inside out. Like the immune system of a University of Copenhagen, metazoan body that specifically targets and eliminates infected cells, ants destroy infected brood Copenhagen, Denmark; to stop the pathogen completing its lifecycle, thus protecting the rest of the colony. Hence, in an §Department of Pediatrics and analogous fashion, the same principles of disease defence apply at different levels of biological Adolescent Medicine, Medical organisation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Myrmecophilous Hoverfly Genus Microdon
    Bull. Natn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, Ser. A, 30(2), pp. 87–103, June 22, 2004 The Myrmecophilous Hoverfly Genus Microdon (Diptera, Syrphidae, Microdontinae) in Hokkaidô, Japan, with Descriptions of Four New Species Teruhiko Hironaga1 and Munetoshi Maruyama2 1 Systematic Entomology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaidô University, Sapporo-shi, 060–8589 Japan e-mail [email protected] 2 Department of Zoology, National Science Museum, 3–23–1 Hyakunin-chô, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169–0073 Japan e-mail [email protected] Abstract Six species, including four new species, of the myrmecophilous hoverfly genus Mi- crodon (Syrphidae, Microdontinae) are recognised in Hokkaidô, Japan. They are: M. macrocerus sp. nov., M. kidai sp. nov., M. yokohamai sp. nov., M. murayamai sp. nov., Microdon bifasciatus Matsumura, 1916, and M. simplex Shiraki, 1930 (new to Hokkaidô). Larva and puparium of M. kidai are described. The following symbiotic hosts are clarified: M. macrocerus—Camponotus (Camponotus) obscuripes; Microdon kidai and M. yokohamai—Formica japonica (fusca group); M. murayamai—F. lemani (fusca group). Microdon japonicus and M. auricomus are formerly recorded from Hokkaidô, but as those records are as highly doubtful that the two species could be excluded from the fauna of Hokkaidô. Key to the species of Microdon in Hokkaidô, including M. japonicus and M. auricomus, is appended for accurate identification. Key words : Symbiotic host, key to species, larva, puparium, Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Formi- ca, Camponotus. olovitsh, 1976. Introduction As a result of field surveys made by our col- About 20 species of the myrmecophilous hov- leagues and by the authors themselves in Japan erfly genus Microdon Meigen, 1803, have been and investigation of syrphid collections deposited known in the Palearctic region.
    [Show full text]
  • Download PDF File
    Digital supplementary material to FIEDLER, K. 2006: Ant-associates of Palaearctic lycaenid butterfly larvae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae; Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) – a review. – Myrmecologische Nachrichten 9: 77-87. Appendix: List of all reported ant associates of Palaearctic Lycaenidae butterflies that were compiled from a multitude of sources (books, journal articles, websites, personal communications). Associations are only included if (1) observed in the field and (2) the identity was reported (or could be inferred with certainty) from the sources. Ant species identifications that were referred to as not fully precise in the original source are marked as "cf.". Two doubtful cases of ant associa- tions are included for completeness, but marked with "??". Nomenclature of the ants has been adapted to BOLTON (1995) where necessary. For further details on data collation, taxonomy, and geographical delimitations see text. Some extra- limital ant-association data are included, but were not considered for analyses. Higher classification of the Lycaenidae adapt- ed from HESSELBARTH & al. (1995). Within higher taxa, lycaenid species are ordered alphabetically. obl – ant associa- tion obligatory, (older) larvae practically never without ants, specific host ants used. fac – association facultative, visi- tors may or may not be present and can be exchanged. par – association parasitic (sensu FIEDLER 1998: caterpillars feed on ant brood or obtain trophallactic feeding). mut – caterpillars are (potential) ant mutualists, i.e., they can deliver nectar secretion from a functional dorsal nectar gland. com – associations are commensalic (neutral), i.e., caterpillars have no functional nectar organ, are (at least occasionally) visited by ants, but also do not feed on ant brood or trophallaxis. If an association is intermediate in its ecological outcome (or not sufficiently well known), the score "mut – com" is used.
    [Show full text]
  • Cicadas "Dig Wells" That Are Used by Ants, Wasps and Beetles
    NOTE Eur. J. Entomol. 104: 347–349, 2007 http://www.eje.cz/scripts/viewabstract.php?abstract=1235 ISSN 1210-5759 Cicadas “dig wells” that are used by ants, wasps and beetles KAZUO YAMAZAKI Osaka City Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, 8-34 Tojo-cho, Tennoji-ku, Osaka 543-0026, Japan; e-mail: [email protected] Key words. Cicada-ant interactions, commensalism, kleptoparasitism, sap feeders, xylem fluid Abstract. There is a high density of the cicada Cryptotympana facialis (Walker) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) in urban parks in central Japan during summer. This cicada uses its stylet to pierce holes in the trunks of keyaki trees, Zelkova serrata and then feeds on the exuding xylem sap. Three ant species, Formica japonica Motschulsky, Lasius japonicus Santschi and Crematogaster matsumurai Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) were observed aggregatively feeding on these exudates. In addition, two wasp species, Polistes jokohamae Radoszkowski (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), and Ampulex dissector (Thunberg) (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) fed on the sap. These ants and wasps can therefore be classified as commensals. Two flower chafers, Protaetia brevitarsis (Lewis) and P. orientalis submarumorea (Burmeister) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) were also observed displacing cicadas from their feeding sites and feeding on the exuding sap. Thus, these chafers can be classified as both commensals and kleptoparasites. INTRODUCTION July–August. Another cicada species, Graptopsaltria nigrofus- cata (Motschulsky), is also present in these parks in Hemiptera use their stylets to feed on plant sap inaccessible to July–August, but it is much less abundant than C. facialis. The most other insects. In particular, aphids and scale insects (Ster- two parks were planted primarily with keyaki trees, Zelkova ser- norrhyncha) feed on nutritious phloem sap and excrete the rata (Thunberg) Makino (Ulmaceae) and C.
    [Show full text]
  • The Journal of Research on the LEPIDOPTERA
    QL 541 J866 ENT The Journal OF Research ON THE LEPIDOPTERA Volume 41 2002 (2009) ISSN 0022 4324 LEPIDOPTERA RESEARCH FOUNDATION The Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera ISSN 0022 4324 PUBLISIIEO BV: The Lepidoptera Research Foundation, Inc. 9620 Heather Road Beverly Hills, California 90210-1757 TEL (310) 274 1052 E-mail: Editorial: [email protected] Btisiness: [email protected] Technical: [email protected] Founder: William Hovanitz (1915-1977) Edeeoriae Seaee: Rudolf H. T. Mattoni, acting editor E-mail: [email protected] Nancy R. Vannucci, managing editor E-mail: [email protected] Associate Edi i ors: The Lepidoptera Research Foundation is in process of reorganization. A board of associate editors will be established. Manuscripts and notices material may at present be sent to the acting editor, Rudolf H. T. Mattoni, e-mail: [email protected]. Please note the instructions to authors on the back inside cover of this Journal. Past journals and other publications, and all matters relative to subscriptions, mailing and billing are being handled by BioQuip Products, Inc. Phone: (310) 667-8800. E-mail: [email protected]. Manacinc; editor at the address: Nancy R. Vannucci, Maza 3340, Moron B1708GOP, Buenos Aires, Argentina. The Journal is sent to all members of the Foundation. Grasses oe .membershir: Regular (Individual) $ 25.00 year Gontributing $ 30.00 or more year Subscription Rate/ Institutions $ 35.00 year Life $ 300.00 STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT rilEJOHRNAL OF RESEARGHONTHE LEPIDOPTERA will be published two times a year by the LEPIDOPTERA RESEARGH FOLINDATION, ING. Publication and business offices are located at the Beverly Hills, California address given above.
    [Show full text]
  • The Social Immune System of Ants
    Social immune defence in ants Different aspects of hygienic behaviour and the infestation with Laboulbeniales in Lasius neglectus ants. DISSERTATION ZUR ERLANGUNG DES DOKTORGRADES DER NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN (DR. RER. NAT.) DER FAKULTÄT FÜR BIOLOGIE UND VORKLINISCHE MEDIZIN DER UNIVERSITÄT REGENSBURG vorgelegt von Simon Tragust aus Schlanders, Italien im Oktober 2011 Betreuer der Arbeit: Dr. Sylvia Cremer Promotionsgesuch eingereicht am 24.10.2011 Die Arbeit wurde angeleitet von Dr. Sylvia Cremer Prüfungsausschuss: Prof. Dr. Bernd Kramer (Vorsitzender) Prof. Dr. Sylvia Cremer (1. Gutachter) Prof. Dr. Jürgen Heinze (2. Gutachter) Prof. Dr. Christoph Oberprieler (3. Prüfer) Unterschrift: Simon Tragust Table of Contents General Introduction - 4 - Chapter I - 11 - Pupal cocoons limit fungal infections in ants Chapter II - 30 - The impact of hygienic care and grooming behaviour on Lasius neglectus workers and brood Chapter III - 56 - A novel function for an old behaviour: The use of antiseptic substances during hygienic brood care Chapter IV - 77 - Laboulbenia formicarum infestation on Lasius neglectus: an invading parasite of an invasive ant General conclusion - 98 - Summary - 101 - Zusammenfassung - 102 - References - 104 - Acknowledgements - 118 - Eidesstattliche Erklärung - 119 - General introduction General Introduction The innate immune system in insects Parasites and pathogens represent a constant threat to all organisms. In response to this threat all multicellular organisms have evolved mechanisms for the recognition and elimination of invading microorganisms, the so called innate immune system (Medzhitov and Janeway 1997). Despite similarities in some defence components (e. g. gremline-encoded receptors for the recognition of microbial-associated molecular patterns) and defence outputs (e. g. the production of reactive oxygen species) among the innate immune systems of plants (Jones and Dangl 2006), vertebrates (Janeway et al.
    [Show full text]