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The Myrmecophilous Hoverfly Genus Microdon

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The Myrmecophilous Hoverfly Genus Microdon Bull. Natn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, Ser. A, 30(2), pp. 87–103, June 22, 2004 The Myrmecophilous Hoverfly Genus Microdon (Diptera, Syrphidae, Microdontinae) in Hokkaidô, Japan, with Descriptions of Four New Species Teruhiko Hironaga1 and Munetoshi Maruyama2 1 Systematic Entomology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaidô University, Sapporo-shi, 060–8589 Japan e-mail [email protected] 2 Department of Zoology, National Science Museum, 3–23–1 Hyakunin-chô, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169–0073 Japan e-mail [email protected] Abstract Six species, including four new species, of the myrmecophilous hoverfly genus Mi- crodon (Syrphidae, Microdontinae) are recognised in Hokkaidô, Japan. They are: M. macrocerus sp. nov., M. kidai sp. nov., M. yokohamai sp. nov., M. murayamai sp. nov., Microdon bifasciatus Matsumura, 1916, and M. simplex Shiraki, 1930 (new to Hokkaidô). Larva and puparium of M. kidai are described. The following symbiotic hosts are clarified: M. macrocerus—Camponotus (Camponotus) obscuripes; Microdon kidai and M. yokohamai—Formica japonica (fusca group); M. murayamai—F. lemani (fusca group). Microdon japonicus and M. auricomus are formerly recorded from Hokkaidô, but as those records are as highly doubtful that the two species could be excluded from the fauna of Hokkaidô. Key to the species of Microdon in Hokkaidô, including M. japonicus and M. auricomus, is appended for accurate identification. Key words : Symbiotic host, key to species, larva, puparium, Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Formi- ca, Camponotus. olovitsh, 1976. Introduction As a result of field surveys made by our col- About 20 species of the myrmecophilous hov- leagues and by the authors themselves in Japan erfly genus Microdon Meigen, 1803, have been and investigation of syrphid collections deposited known in the Palearctic region. The Japanese in Hokkaidô University, about a hundred speci- fauna of the genus has been still poorly investi- mens of Microdon hoverflies were available for gated. Recently several unknown species have taxonomic studies. Of these, specimens from been discovered from Japan one after another Hokkaidô are classified into six species, of which (Katsura, 1996a, b; Ohishi, 2002a, b), though four are found to be new to science. they are mostly unidentified or undescribed. Only All the species of Microdon are considered to two species, M. japonicus Yano, 1915, and M. bi- be myrmecophiles living in ant nests in their im- fasciatus Matsumura, 1916, were recorded till mature stages, but symbiotic host is unknown for lately (Ogata, 1989), but some additional species most Japanese species. Some of the specimens were currently reported also from Hokkaidô; Ku- examined were collected around ant nests, and mata et al. (1994) recorded M. auricomus Co- symbiotic hosts of some species were clarified. quillett, 1898, from Akan-chô, and Yokohama In the present paper, we are going to review (1996 a, b) reported two species from Sapporo- the Microdon species of Hokkaidô with several shi, which were tentatively identified with M. lat- new information. ifrons Loew, 1856, and M. aff. maritimus Vi- 88 Teruhiko Hironaga and Munetoshi Maruyama Materials and Methods males, Apoi-dake, Samani-chô, 22 VI 1959, S. Uéda (SEHU); 1 male, Nukabira, Kamishihoro- The terminology used in the present study fol- chô, 13 VII 1959, T. Kumata (SEHU); [Honshu]: lows McAlpine (1981). Taxonomy of Microdon 6 males, 1 female, Torikura-yama (alt. 1780 m), is usually very difficult and shape of male geni- Ôshika-mura, Nagano-ken, 21 VI 2003, K. talia is not so informative in some cases. In the Katsura; 1 male, Ôkubo-shitsugen, Shirakawa- present paper, identification of species is mainly mura, Gifu-ken, 2 VI 2002, K. Harusawa. based on the external morphology, in particular, Distribution. Japan: Hokkaidô, Honshû. ratio in length of antennal segments, presence or Symbiotic host. Camponotus (Camponotus) absence of apical spines on scutellum, coloration obscuripes Mayr, 1879. of abdominal hairs, and ratio of width and length Etymology. Denoting the long antennae. of tarsomeres. Diagnosis. This species is similar to Microdon The male terminalia were macerated in 10% japonicus, but easily distinguished from the latter KOH solution heated in an incubator (60°C), for by the 1st flagellomere more than three times as five to more than 24 hours on occasion, and then long as pedicel. This species could be deter- transferred into ethanol and distilled water for mined by the keys of Mutin & Barkalov (1999) washing, after dissected in the glycerol, observed and Violovitsh (1983) as “M. latifrons Loew, and figured under a microscope. 1856” (ϭM. miki Doczcal et Schmid, 1999) or Holotypes and some paratypes are deposited in M. ignotus Violovitsh, 1976, but is distinguished the laboratory of Systematic Entomology, from “M. latifrons” by the coloration of the legs Hokkaidô University (SEHU) and the National and the shape of the 2nd tarsomere of hind leg Science Museum, Tokyo (NSMT). which is usually less than twice as long as width, and distinguished from M. ignotus by the face Taxonomy below the antennal base without broad bare part. Microdon macrocerus sp. nov. Description. Male (Fig. 1). Body length: 11.5– [Japanese name: Higenaga-arinosuabu] 12.2 mm; wing length: 8.2–9.1 mm. (Figs. 1–8, 39) Coloration: Body mostly black. Head black with aeneous lustre; antennae black, slightly “Microdon latifrons”: Yokohama, 1996a: 9. Microdon sp.: Yokohama & Chiba, 1998: 7. brownish; arista dark brown. Thorax black; mesonotum with aeneous shimmer; pleura shin- Type series. Holotype: male, Kamimuri (Ikoi- ing aeneous black but its posterior part brownish. no-mori), Maruseppu-chô, Hokkaidô, 3 VII Abdomen black with slight aeneous lustre. Legs 2003, Y. Kida (NSMT). Paratypes: [Hokkaidô]: 2 black, with tibiae, tarsi and extreme tip of femora males, 2 females, same data as holotype; 1 male, brown; tibiae with ill-defined narrow blackish same locality and collector as holotype, 1 VII ring after middle; tarsi sometimes darkened. 2000; 1 male, ditto, 11 VI 2003; 1 male, ditto, 13 Wings hyaline, slightly brownish; around veins VI 2003; 1 male, Ishiyama, Sapporo-shi, 22 VI blackish tinged; veins dark brown; squamae yel- 1916, S. Matsumura (labelled “Microdon micans lowish white; halteres yellowish. Wied.”) (SEHU); 1 male, Hyakumatsuzawa, Mi- Head wider than mesonotum, about 1.9–2.1 mami-ku, Sapporo-shi, 26 V–1 VI. 1998, K. Mi- times as wide as long or 1.5–1.7 times as high as zota, T. Hironaga, A. Ohkawa & M. Maruyama long; frons 0.24–0.27 times as wide as head at (by a Malaise trap); 3 females, same locality, col- the narrowest part, and clothed with yellowish lectors and collecting method, 9–16 VI 1998; 1 hairs which become black at middle; vertex male, 1 female, Misumai, Minami-ku, Sapporo- clothed with yellow hairs; face 0.53–0.54 times shi, 16 VI 1991, M. Yokohama; 1 female, So- as wide as head at middle level, slightly broad- ranuma-dake, 2 VII 1961, S. Takagi (SEHU); 2 ened ventrally, and clothed with light yellow Microdon in Hokkaidô 89 Figs. 1, 2. Facies of Microdon macrocerus sp. nov.; 1, male; 2, female. hairs; occiput clothed with pale yellow hairs part of anepisternum clothed with long pale-yel- which become whitish below; genae very small, low hairs; katepisternum clothed with pale yel- and clothed with brownish grey pubescence. low hairs on dorsal part and a few hairs mesally. Eyes about 1.8 times as high as long in profile Abdomen (Fig. 5) oval, about 1.3 times as long and almost glabrous. Antennae (Figs. 3, 4) with as wide, distinctly broader than thorax at 2nd and scape as long as or slightly shorter than 1st fla- 3rd tergites, somewhat longer than head and tho- gellomere; 1st flagellomere more than three rax combined, and clothed mainly with pale yel- times as long as pedicel; arista shorter than 1st low hairs; 3rd tergite clothed with short black flagellomere and about 0.7 times of its length; hairs in anterior half, pale hairs at posterior mar- ratio of scape, pedicel and 1st flagellomere: gin faded medially; 4th tergite similarly clothed —3.3–3.8 : 1 : 3.4–3.9. with black and yellow hairs as in 3rd tergite, and Thorax: Scutum clothed with pale yellow clothed with pale yellow hairs on posterior third, hairs; scutellum slightly shorter than half width, which extended onto anterior part as a V-shape, with posterior margin more or less excavated and while all side margins are clothed with similar bearing two very tiny spines, and clothed with pale yellow hairs; sternites clothed with long long pale-yellow hairs; anepimeron and upper pale-yellow hairs; 4th sternite with posterior mar- 90 Teruhiko Hironaga and Munetoshi Maruyama Coloration: Abdomen with 5th tergite and ster- nite black. Head with frons 0.39–0.42 times as wide as head, gradually broadened forwards, and clothed with black hairs which become pale yellow at sides of anterior half; face 0.51–0.52 times as wide as head at middle level. Antennae with scape longer than 1st flagellomere; ratio of scape, pedicel and 1st flagellomere:—3.7–4.3 : 1 : 3.2– 3.9. Abdomen (Fig. 6) with 5th tergite clothed with short black hairs which become pale yellow to anterolateral corners and posterior apex; 4th and 5th sternites clothed with short orange yellow hairs. Biology. Y. Kida (pers. comm.) observed sev- eral adults flying near the nest of Camponotus obscuripes in Kamimuri, Maruseppu-chô. Some were emerged from the entrance to the nest. Microdon kidai sp. nov. [Japanese name: Shinonome-arinosuabu] Figs. 3–8. Microdon macrocerus sp. nov. —— 3, Left antenna, dorsal view; 4, ditto, lateral (Figs. 9–22, 39) view; 5, abdomen, dorsal view, male (black Type series. Holotype: male, Shinreisui, areas indicate patterns of black hairs); 6, ditto, female; 7, cercus, lateral view; 8, surstylus, Maruseppu-chô, Hokkaidô, 12–13 VI 2001, M.
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