blah blah blah 2 THE STUDENT Thursday 19th April 1984 -news... Philip's tribal factor NEWS IN BRIEF On Friday 9th March at factor. From birth, he asserted, we are forced to accept a particular Well-oiled? 2.15 pm a large crowd group as "ours" and everyone who assembled in the Upper is not a member of that tribe A STEERING COMMITTEE has Library, Old College to belongs to another one, and so been set up by the Vice­ hear the inaugural con flict occurs. Chancellors ' Committee to Typical examples of Ph i I's tribal investigate how efficient or not Chancellor's lecture. It factor included sport, racism and Universities in Britain actually are. was very much a press relig ion. We got elaborate The committee is being financed occasion with a sur­ descriptions of the tribal factor by £300,000 from the DES operating in each of these fi elds authorised by Sir Keith Joseph prising number of which managed to include a dig at who is reported ,to be in a photographers and communism, a dig at South Africa satisfactory condition in a mental reporters present. Among and one at Northern Ireland. One institution. A sample of couldn't help smiling when he them was Michael Devlin. Universities will be selected to spoke of aggressive nationalism come under the eagle-eye and More staff than students were in leading to the "unscrupulous probably the hammer. So attendance at this all-ticket affair. people seeking more and more remember - don't waste money in Everyone stood as the Duke of territory." But I'm sure neither the public! .Edinburgh entered, accompanied Great British Empire nor the by Dr Burnett, and Rt. Hon. David Falklands crossed anyone's mind. Steel. An embarassing silence connection with 1984, claim ing argument really tor a Royal to Forty-five minutes had passed ensued, eventually broken by the that the 40th anniversary of peace make - think about it). and when everyone began to get a principal, Dr Burnett, addressing in Europe after the Second World Still no mention was made of little restless, the Chancellor Novel lecturer the audience. War was much more important. Andrew, let alone the tribal factor. finished his speech. Questions GRAHAM MARTIN, a Senior In a rather strained and Startled by its ignorance of this But it came soon enough. It was were asked for and eventually Lecturer in the University of uncomfortable introduction to the ,monumental anniversary, the the tribal factor, according to Phil, raised. Philip dealt with these Edinburgh's French Department lecture (possibly suggesting a audience visibly sat up straight in which caused most human extremely well, including the one has just published his third novel. less-than-dry lunch?) Dr Burnett their chairs and rearranged their co nflict; t he willingness of from Burnett which was, to say the Th e book, entitled The Soul explained that this was the first collective year. individuals to form power groups: least, poorly phrased and Master is published through Allen Chancellor's lectu re because Phil (may I call you His Royal "This tribal factor provides a embarassingly aggressive asking & Unwin and is the sequel to "unlike some chancellors, this one Highness Prince Philip, Duke of temptation to solve conflict by "What can we do about it?" Phili Catch/ire and Giftwish which were is articulate." No one laughed - Edinburgh?) was quick to pain.tout using group violence." answ ered t hat the " mere both children's novels. The Soul everyone writhed. ihat there hasn't been peace in At this point the Prince settled knowledge and awareness of the Master is also a fantasy novel, but Then the Duke himself took the Europe in those forty years, but into his stride and recovered from tribal fa ctor is helpful." is aimed at an adult audience. It is lectern (a new one-donated by rather that "the horrifying stories his rather stumbly opening into a More questions from the floor set in the mythical land of Tethesta city-first time used-designer of human conflict" continue to clear, well-delivered speech. He ensued. The word "tribe" was said where "the laws of the universe no in attendance - didn't look like dominate our news. began to appear approachable so often that the entire event longer operate" - no doubl anything special to me - etc etc.) Nuclear war, he claimed, is not a an d intelligent - two attributes began to feel a little bizarre. One written on personal experience of Philip, looking great with a recent problem since it is only a which we tend not to associate began to care less and less about the French Department' announced that the subject of his possibility and so we should with his wife and kids. th e existence or non-existence of lecture would be "the tribal concentrate our efforts into He went on in this casual, tribes and think more and more of factor". What?!? controlling and ending the wars friendly manner to discuss "us and getting out of the building. He began by playing down the that are rather than the one which them situations" which he felt, had Eventually, after a standing Terms of importance of the George Orwell may or may not come. (Silly a great deal to do with the tribal ovation, we were allowed to do so. Resignation EWEN HAWTHORNE, TEVIOT Row House Chairman, announced his resignation at the end of last NUS survey: Parke urges term. The official reason given was "work pressure" but rumours abound that he had the forth­ surprising result coming Students' Association elections In mind. Some also say A survey has recently 3-6 miles away and the remaining accommodation that Roddy Manson may stand for been conducted by NUS 10.4% live between 6 and 15 miles Senior President and Hilary O'Neil away. for Union President. which reveals that These figures reveal a lot about government proposals to regional differences in travelling scrap the reimbursement distances when they are broken rethink Energy prize of student travel costs will down. In London 24% of students Those of you who, as first years, are faced with a fOurney of over 6 had some kind of problems with by living out. THE FUEL CONSERVATION cause more hardship than miles and this compares with only living out, be it in lodgings or " The obvious solution to GROUP has announced a has been previously 20% of students in Scotland who bedsits, will be relieved to hear insecurity and loneliness," says competition designed to save predicted. Michael Devlin travel a similar distance. that the SRC is to try and persuade the report, "is a community money around the University. Th~ enviro nment, such as that reports on the new Another question in the survey the Universit y Accommodation competition is aimed "to promote concerned th e moneh which Committee to face facts at last. provided by the Halls and Houses a consciencious attitude to energy survey, a copy of which students spend on travel every They will be presenting a report residence system." Herein, of usage and generating greater has already been sent to day. 25.3% said that they spent no highlighting the problems and course, lies the problem - there energy savings in all parts of the higher education minister money at all travelling from their possible solutions at the are not enough places in the Halls University." The competition term-time accoml'Tlodation to their committee's meeting in the foltrth and Houses. organisers are looking fo r an Peter Brooke. place of study. 31.3% spent less week of term. The main proposal in the SRC's energy conservation idea which The survey was cond ucted than £3 per week, 24.3% spent Once accurately described in a report is an increase in the will prove to be workable and cost amongst a random sample of 1723 between £3 and £6 per week, 8.9% Sunday newspaper as having minimum percentage of first year effective. The best idea wil l receive students in the 1983 spring term. It part with over £6 and under £9 for accommodation "fine for those places in the University Halls, i.e. a prize of £25 to an individual and concerns student income and their weekly travel a11d the who can look after themselves", Pollock, Masson and Mylne's £100 to a department. For further expenditure and contains some remaining 10% spent over £9. Edinburgh has probablyoneofthe Court, to 65% . This would also information, please contact Mrs L. surprising results about student These costs exclude the costs of scantiest supplies of student mean shifting the priority given to Paterava, Buildings Office, Old travel. For instance, it was season tickets which are accommodation among British final year students away from the College, ext. 4321. (Catchy revealed that London-based purchased by 40% of the public universities. Although there's little hall s and increasingly towards a extension number, eh?). s tudents will be harder hit by the transport travellers. The figures prospect of a complete solution in type of housing they tend to prefer government's proposals than their are in r ea l i t y, th e refore , theimmediatefuture,theSRChas - student flats. counterparts in Scotland where considerably higher than the attempted to ease the st rain on the For th e same reason a 50% first the old system is to be retained. percentages shown. If the price of two sec tion of the student year intake is proposed for student Dodgy Coaches Speaking about the survey, Neil season tic kets are taken into community considered the most H ouses, as well as th e suggestion THE ORIENTEERING CLUB is Stewart, Presiden t NUS said: "The account, then the cost of weekly vulnerable _ Freshers and first that allocation should be made by to ask the Sports Union to hire Its number of students who will suffer travel works out at around £5.55 year overseas students. the Student Accommodation coaches from another bus if these new proposals are for the 28% of all students who use In the report, Accommodation Service rather than the individual company. On a recent competition implemented is far greater than public transport. Convener Tim Parke spotlights ward ens involved. trip its coach filled up with smoke was at first thought. Previous A third case of student travel the first year's lot, and doesn't find Although the report recognises within seconds of starting up. assumptions made about the covered by the survey is travel to it a happy one. Many first years, that this is by no means the final Their complaint should be heard amounts students spend on travel and from the parental home, most coming to an entirely new envi ron­ sol ution to the first yea r at the Sports Union AGM in May. were clearly wrong, and we urge students making this journey at ment and living away from home, accommodation problems. it does Mr Brooke to reconsider his least once a term. The heaviest will not find themselves in a mean a shift of first years from proposals. costs were incurred by London friendly environment, with others lodgings to student halls and it "Great debate" One of the questions asked in students who on average spend in a similar situation and older also encourages the expansion in the survey was how far students £155peryearonthis_ 24% st udents who have overcame the University-owned flats and new IN RESPONSE TO the govern­ live from their normal place of of all students were doubtful as to I same problem and are ready to Halls of Residence (such as those ment's call for a "great debate" on lectures. It was found that 73.5% of whether or not th~ir excess travel offer help and encouragement. proposed close to Pollock) "when the future of higher education, the students live less than three miles costs would be reimbursed. Often the first year will find funds become available" - which Committee of Vice-Chancellors from where they study. 16.1% live himsel f in lodgings at an might not be for a very long time. and Principals has warned the inconvenient distance from the The proposals put forward in the government that th e demand for University, possibly in cramped report are very much long-term , University places has been gravely quarters , paying an extortionate since many student Halls and under-estimated. The committee, rent or even (the student Houses already take a high which represents 44 UK nightmare actually quoted in the percentage of first years, but it is Universities says that the demand report) having to be back by 11 about time that something was for places will actually increase pm . In addition the overseas done. We can only hope that the during the next decade rather than student may have to fac e language University Accommodation decrease as the government has difficulties and other cultural Committee take some notice. predicted. obstacles which are accentuated Jenny Dunn THE STUDENT Thursday 19th April 1984 3 news ...• Uni grant cut response More jobs for

Each University in Britain has now responded to the graduates Jetter which they received II seems that St. Andrews emphatically renounce and refute from the University University is not only svccessful in the direction which the Grants Committee (UGC) University Challenge, but also in government has chosen for higher last November. The letter the most serious challenge of education in Britain. them all: finding a job. About 85 The corresponding figure for consisted of 28 questions per cent of graduates from SI. Edinburgh University is not quite concern ing the cuts Andrews have gained jobs or so encouraging. In the same five which each University places on professional training month period only 65.5 per cent of courses within five months of Edinburgh graduates managed to would be prepared to leaving the University. find jobs or places on professional make. The surprising and heartening training courses. This figure, news comes in the annual report of The responses from the however, is not as bad as it first the University's careers advisory Universities have not yet been appears. II has lo be viewed in light service. The report criticises the made public by the UGC despite of the fact that 3.9 per cent have government's altitude to higher pressure from the Association of temporary jobs, 2.3 per cent were education, claiming that this high University Teachers. However, overseas students and have figure is due to "the nature of our many establishments are leaking returned overseas, 10.3 per "'cent higher eucation system and the are studying for another degree, their replies to the press and so a graduates it produces ... unlike rough measure of feeling within and most remarkable of all, 3.1 per other major industrial countries in cent of 1983 graduates are not Universities can be gauged. Europe, our higher education bothering lo look for jobs: some II appears that few Universities This will show them! system is essentially non­ people are lucky enough not to were content to answer the 28 policy rather than find a answering the questions, Dr vocational: most first degree have to. ques·tions and leave it there. compromise between the makers Burnett makes it clear that he is courses aim to educate rather than All these figures pooled Instead, most of them have of policy and the thousands opposed to the very nature of this to train." together leave only 11.9 per cent of criticised the government's higher affected by that policy-making. The figure is one per cent higher graduates still looking for a job. education policy as well as the sort of circular. This attitude inherent in such than last year, but the success is Although this is not at all bad, the UGC as an organisation. He writes: "This University UGC initiatives as the 28 question much greater than this suggests overall employment figure is Professor John Ashworth, vice­ corisiders that the basis for letter seems best summed-up by given the dramatic increase in Indisputably a lot worse than the chancellor of Salford, described consultation has, therefore, been the response of the UGC chairman British unemployment. corresponding figure of St. the UGC as "intellecutally partial, inadequate. In its opinion the Sir Peter Swinnerton-Dyer when Sir Keith Joseph's policy for Andrews. However, a further managerially weak and adminis­ opportunity should have been he was pressed about the value of higher education is to shift the consideration is that in 1983, tratively over-stretched". It seems given for a free expression of the education for its own sake in emphasis from arts based to Edinburgh spat out 2442 that the UGC may be advocating Universities' objectives and Universities. His reply was, sticnece based subjects. Since St. graduates into the big, bad world differential funding for Universi­ aspirations arising from their "Splendid, knowledge for its own Andrews is very much an arts whereas only 710 students ties as a possible solution to experience, and inviting their sake, now go out and support based University, this latest graduated from SI. Andrews. funding strains. response to observed or declared yourselves is likely to be Sir Keith success seems to even more Ashley Clarke This would mean that a "premier individual and national needs." Joseph's line on that." division" of Universities would be Dr Burnett concludes: "it will be According to the AUT most recognised, and that these realised that this University has Universities have drawn up their privileged establishments would responded only reluctantly to the replies to the UGC letter in receive a larger grant than other questions posed in the letter of 1st consultation with staff unions and, The Mole Universities, and that this would November since it believes them to in many cases, student bodies. render research impossible at be based on inadequa te Whether or not the UGC makes the some of the "lesser" Universities. premises." replies public remains to be seen. The fact that the UGC will not The Universities' reponses to According to Sir Peter, the disclose the replies to the letter the letter must call into question committee has neither the staff nor suggests that some Universities the nature and role of the UGC. II the resources to release the did actually report this scheme of a is becom ing m o r e like an letters. Much more likely a reason "premier division" for Universities. extension of the DES and less like is that s o me Uni ve rsit ies Ed inburgh University's a group mediating between the specifically asked for con­ government and the repre­ Principal, pr John Burnett fidentiality to be kept so that their sentatives of higher education. published in full his reply to the It responses , wh ich would be UGC letter. This reply is available believes that its hands are tied by offensive to some of the peers, the government and that it is in the University of Edinburgh remain unknown. Bulletin Extra no. xla . In forced to implement government Michael Devlin Union Video Nasty t,h e Clam and Lamont in At a grand reception (free grub') compromising positions (and I the new film on university life by don't mean Nescafe - it was Student TV was revealed last term beer). Successf~lschool Campus to an invited audience of "Boy" A fake Societies Fair was put on David Steel, Principal Alisdair for their edification with, I am Burnett (a media luminary informed, the Gay Soc holding the indeed!) and various students and most prominent spot. conference sequel staff with bum titles or a particular The "wild" discos in the interest in free fodd. evenings had the Gay Soc address an international During the second week of the The Students' Associa­ Our glorious Chancellor, "El members showing wild-eyed conference any day! Easter holiday the Students' tion's reply to the BBC Greco" Battenburg, unfortun­ innocents the way to "get down on The conference delegates, Association held its annual Pre­ ately had to give the event a miss it", "shake your groove thang" mostly filth and sixth year pupils, ' Campus' series was Unlversi ly Conference. The as his brain required urgent while " moving it and funking it". came from as far afield as conference, which is in its second premiered at the end of replenishing after his earlier All I can say is, if some Auchter­ Caithness and Crewe and were year and was sponsored by the last term but received no mental exertion of a speech to muchty mothers hear about this intending to study anything from Clydesdale Bank, is a kind of mini students and staff at Old College Edinburgh U~iversity will not be Fine Art to Chemistry and there Oscar nominations. Freshers' Week to help people still entitled " The Tribal Factor" on the UCCA form. were seminars on each. While The Rector, David Steel, and Dr at school make an informed comprising of one idea and one choice of university. For three daytime delights included Mike John Burnett, the Principal, were present at a well-atte nded hundred thousand words. days, 130 "delegates", as they Conway's grandly tilled " City Ken Shoji set the film rclling and Insight Into were diplomatically referred to, Tours" (in 45 minutes?) and reception for the video film " This University Business" at Teviot the audience were presented with lived In Pollock and attended an Student TV's 20-minute answer to the sight of Callum "The Clam" Students Row on Friday, March 9. Ken assortment of events In Teviot " Campus" which proved straight­ Calder with occasional guest Eighty students at Edinburgh Shoji, Senior President, quipped, Union and the Chaplaincy Centre. forward and informative; night­ appearances fro m Union had the privilege of attending an The conference is a highly time events ranged from a min­ " The only reason they·re here is to " Insight into Management'" course check there's nothing su bversive President Heather Lamont (who?), organised affair involving Societies Fair to a disco featuring pint eternally in hand, in this last week. in it." students, staff, careers advisers the blues band Blues 'n' Trouble. veritable video nasty. Who, then, are these young Lasting approximately 25 and schools liaison officers. The events of the first evening With all the personality of a leaders of the future, these Ian Second year student Diane were unfortunately interrupted by minutes, the film was produced by McGregors of the next century? the Students' Associa ti o n 's re ject Joe 90 dummy, The Clam Golllngs, this year's Conference a minor fire in Teviot. The fire gave a 10-minute synopsis on film Well, the female of the species Transition Committee. lt shows Director, has been planning broke out in the Union's kitchens of University existence to go out to looked like Dustin Hoffman in different aspects of university life "Tootsie" (glasses, plastic pearls events since September of last during tea-time and was caused by schools all over the land. from the angle of an ordinary over blouse, long Laura Ashley year. During the day the an electrical fault in one of the Despite topics lifted straight student. skirt etc.} and the males went for conference participants attended freezers. Luckily the fire was from the appalling "Campus" spotted promptly by kitchen staff Some felt "This University the Mark Thatcher restrained seminars held by a member of staff series (yards of ale, SRC et al) the Business" was "unrealistic" and bourgeoise look so popular of late. and a student chairperson which and the building was evacuated film had one great thing going for and the fire brigade on the scene in devoted too much time to SRC These people have none of the Informed them of the range and it - in comparison to ''Campus" Executive members' "glossy " traditional students' interests of nature of courses available at minutes, the whole episode was anything is exciting and relevant. Edinburgh. The seminars were over in half an hour. views of the University. Others rebellion, drugs and so on, or even designed to lei prospective Despite this small hitch, the complimented its director, Simon what happens around the students know what studying their remainder of the conference went McLennan, a recent Edinburgh Gay Young Things University subject at Edinburgh is really like, off smoothly and the worst graduate. on what he had ach ieved No-their thoughts are directed The traditional Easter Pre­ rather than just giving the bare comment any of the participants with only £700. at what job they'll get after University Conference (estab­ facts which the glossy official had to make about It was that The film's cameraman, Chris graduation and what it'll pay them. lished 1983 as the beginning of the prospectus provides them with. events were merely " informative". Burns, believes it is a miracle it was These noble sentiments, more and Shoji empire and still going Few sixth formers know, for Everyone else seemed to enjoy produced at all. He was plagued more common, sum up the strong) took place in the second Instance, what a tutorial is like or themselves throughout and with problems with hired video present-day student of Edinburgh week of the holidays. how to write a university essay. thanks lo the Conference Director equipment throughout the University. Listless gangs of lemonade Surprisingly, members of staff and her team of " student helpers" shooting. At one point he was So trade in your placards and gurgling, spotty sixth form youths were more nervous about these the Students' Association can pat provided with an impressive video forget your DHT occupations, were treated to hacks trying to win seminars than the students. One itself on the back for entertaining machine only to find the main there is a gold Range Rover at the their votes before they even come lecturer told me he'd rather at least 129 satisfied customers. power cord was missing. end of the rainbow. Audrey Tlnline Graham Chalmers to University and video nasties of 4 THE STUDENT Thursd ay 19th April 1984

JUST LOOK AT THESE SUPER BUYS

Imperial Leather dry onti-persp 150ml Impulse Body Spray 75ml Silvikrin Hairs ro 175ml L'Oreol Free Style Mousse l 50ml Cream Silk Conditioner 200ml VOS Hot O ;J 3 pack S;J kience 250ml Nivea Cream 50ml Vaseline Intensive Core lotion '200ml R Bioctol l SOml 13 Amp Fused Plug 391hp Brylcreem 21 0ml Durocel 1500 4 pock £1.39 PP3 Battery 19½p Stationery - 100 Sheets Writing Pod SSp THIS VOUCHER IS WORTH Kilometric Ball Pens 4 pock 2Sp Reporters Note Book 24p Exercise Book 10 20poff Confectione 291 - Li uorice Allsorts 4oz Corton A4 Students 80 sheet refill pad Twix Twin 15p Normal price 59p- Macaroon Bar lSp ,,,.iz.,a Hellos Filled Bors 2Sp OUR PRICE 39p Offer closes Saturday April 28th, 5.30 pm OUR AIM- THE LOWEST PRICES IN TOWN 70/76 NICOLSON STREET, EDINBURGH. Open Monday to Saturday 9 am to 5.30 pm. THE STUDENT Thursday 19th April 1984 5 comment ADVERTISING FEATURE CAP Mercenaries Dear Student. NEW TIP TOP StORE Dear Sir, Thank you for last week's rave In reply to the "revolting review. Since Graham Chalmers OPENS IN NICOLSON journalism" attack on my feature seems to be the only person on a South African mercenary. present who had the faintest even respecting someone is not the STREET idea of what the hell I was talking same as giving him support. Many 1 about at the General Meeting (ha British soldiers during the First Large drug store chain introduces ...__ Edinburgh University Student N•w-pe 1 STUDENT ha ), fundamentally what I was World War greatly respected their Edinburgh to a different kind of shopping. asking was "Why is it that less than At 10 am on Fnday 20th April, the doors German counterparts, yet in no open on a new drug store in the centre of 40% of available arable land in the way could their feelings be Edinburgh at 70 Nicolson Street, Ed inburgh. Third World is under cultivation interpreted as support for the Tip Top, also owners of the Discount for (less than 10% in countries like the enemy. Beauty chain of stores are opening their Sudan)?" The answer , I The point of my article was brand-new Conran designed drug store, the Gis' a job! suggested, was because various fifth in Scotland. simply to show how a mercenary trading blocs , the EEC in thinks. I cannot see how it served Leader in Toiletries particular, put up massive tariff to glorify the lives of the " dogs of Smee the company was established more barriers against imports. while war". After all, all I did was to than 16 years ago, Tip Top have specialised " dumping" its infamous surpluses present what Piet, the mercenary, in toiletries - products for health and At this time of year while most of us are content to overseas with massive export said to me. This alone was enough beauty at highly competitive prices. Today, plan our summer holiday, some students are subsidies about which it is so leading brand new name toiletries to damn him. Although I studied predominate on the self-service shelves in concerned about rather longer term plans: the sensitive that a breakdown of African politics for a year at this every Tip Top store throughout the north of these figures is deliberately university and consequently hold England, the Midlands and Scotland. More prospect of finding a job. With the recent graduate withheld. It was this problem that 1 the South African regime and all than 75 per cent of all products offered are employment figures having just been released, this believed should be addressed. tollelries. Group Merchandising Supervisor, its activities in Southern Africa in Reg Livsey. responsible for the stocking of task is apparently becoming more difficult year by year. Aid. except emergency aid, only total contempt, making this point all new stores said: .. In our experience tinkers with the problem (witness in the article would have been named brands are what people want and Less graduates will find employment this year than did the grandiose Lome convention). thars what we stock. The difference Is the last year, and less still will walk into a job next year. It diverts attention from the real counter-productive. It would only price on the label. At Tip Top we aim to have have bored many people who are issue. which is the barriers to trade the lowest prices in town." Possibly we should bear this in mind when we intelligent enough to draw the collectively clamour for more university places for on equal terms set up by nations Spacious Store proper conclusions from what Piet who know that the Third World said. The Edinburgh store is the second to receive more people. We must consider more seriously the can. effectively, do nothing about. I still believe that mercenaries special design attention from internationally term "education for education's sake". Whilst it is an It is nothing less than a known designers Conran Associates. The deserve as much respect as mat 1655 square feet of the new Tip Top store attractive ideal, it is time to reconsider our attitude. hypocritical fraud. professional soldiers for the mcfudes cash tills to take electronic pomt of The Common Agricultural sale: a cruc1f1form greetings card display Either employment must be found for all these would- Policy has decimated the wheat simple reason that few of the latter ever fight in a " just" cause. I unit, self-se.vice units and 'The Tip Top Six' be graduates or they must be made to recognise that industry in America. likewise the display area to high-light the six special perhaps should have made it clear olters, Tip Top promote every three weeks. their degree is not a passport to employment. They dairyfarmersofAustraliaandNew that there have been some notable The store is specially designed 1n blue and Zealand who have found their while with yellow accent colour to must be aware of the implications of education for its access to new markets blocked by exceptions to this rule. For every wartime atrocity that is com­ emphasise cleanliness and order and the own sake; that their mates who left school at the same EEC dumping. The latter two can design 1s followed through to the store mitted by mercenaries, two are fascia. time have as good a chance of finding a job and will do relatively little and they are committed by regular troops. h · much more capable of effective have a few years' experience behind them before t e1r response, in economic terms. than If I had the time to investigate TID Top Idea peers graduate. Prospects for graduates are bad . Let much of the Third World. America the extent to which Edinburgh is used as a centre for mercenaries, I Fred H. Brown, founder and managing1 k1"d 5 b th t th d I th relative has already begun to retaliate. The 1~~e~t~~-~~:t~e~~.~~;e:::;~::.: ~~~~~ e sure a ey are prepare or e CAP devastated the Argentine would do so. It is doubtful, ma,ntenance was abohshed ,n 1966. He was USeleSSneSS Of a degree before th ey embark On th eir beef-based economy and was however.· what the end purpose of ,nfluenced by the ve,y clea, and d,shnct idealistic course pi education for its own sake. certainly a major factor in the this would be as it is not illegal to 0 0 be a mercenary in this country. If ~~~~ ~t~~:~ :~~,i~~::~~~7~as~~~:~~~~=; chaos that led to the Junta (would play on the other side of the Atlantic. a democratic government in a my article offended Africans, or anyone else for that matter, I Following the success of his first store 1n •------; stable economy have invaded the A.comb, York, Mr Brown developed Tip Top Falklands?). It has caused untold apologis~, although in a way that 1 was the whole point of it. ~~~~~:~~:'~r;;:;!;~ 11 ~~e;n:n:~;~c~~~~ misery in the Third World (rot to store was opened m Head1ngly, Leeds and mention its specific function Of Graham Chalmers othersfollowedattherateoftwoorthreeper Staff keeping prices within the year. Despite his workload as managing Community itself artificially high). Dear Student, ~~tz~~/0~::.YF~=~i;r~:~~;::e:i~h ::ee~ Edl1or: Bill Williamson Features: Sarah Hemming The key to the solution, as I I write to bring to your own, and interest in every store opening and attends James Meek suggested, is twofold and has the to your many readers attention, each opening in person. AH Tip Top stores Robin Henry backing of the Adam Smith are supported by a young and enthusiastic lnstitute's Omega Report. (1) the fact that there are very few team of area managers who work closely Assistant Ed: Mike Devlin Withdraw from the CAP (since the 0 letters on your page. =~~e:o:~z:t;~~~~ :er~~. ~~~~;;ih~~~;r~ EEC game, looked at objectively, This of course is due to a lack of w est Yorkshire. is played mainly for selfish people writing to express their views. national reasons, and always has So much in Store How strange. News: Mike Devlin Sport: Alun Grassick been, this would almost certainly On the shelves of Tip Top stores, shoppers. Still , I suppose it'll soon will find leading names of hairspray, Fiona Murray Rob Kitson lead to withdrawal from Europe; change. conditioners , perms, sets, colours and Jenny Dunn refrettable for the idealists but not Elections. shampoos. There are also sections for Katrina Philip entirely disheartening for anyone deodorants. toothpaste. mouthwashes, Yours faithfully, Toby Porter else). (2) Abolish the Ministry of brushes , creams . lotions. sun-tan The Three Monkeys preparations, cotton wool, gents toiletries. Alastair Dalton Back page: David Petherick Agriculture which is unnecessary, PS: We know where the £10,000 is baby foods, napy liners and first aid unjustified and inordinately buried. products. expensive. This would have three In addition lo the extensive toiletry What's On: Anna Anti/Ii necessary consequences: (a) it section, there are sections on health foods. Helen Bell sliiming products, cleaning items, giths and would protect the Thirq World Red Fascism stockings, hardware and electrical goods Sarah Langman Graphics: Toby Porter from UK dumping. at least and stationery. Customers can even buy Jane McNeil/ Nancy Miller enabling them to expand their competitively priced confectionery at Tip Dear Student, Top stores . agricultural development, I was interested to read your compete on fairer terms and report of the demonstration Experienced Staff rendering non-emergency aid against the South African Consul Arts: Donna Campbell Photographs: Neil Dalgleish Customer service at the new Ed inburgh unnecessary; (b) it would lower General that took place on Eleanor Zeal Donald Pollock stores is provided by Katrhryn Service.the prices considerably in the UK; (c) Monday (the 5th). It says much for manageress. Born in Edinburgh Kathryn has Paul Quinn James Laidlaw it would release massive resources the distorted sense of values that previously worked as manageress of a Elaine Proctor Fiona M1/lb\'rn health food store in London. Assisting for use combatting unemployment appear to prevail within the pages Kathryn in the Edinburgh Tip Top store, are and other social problems. of your newspaper that no one. 14 lull and parHime staff whose aim is to I hope Messrs Conway and except the beleaguered Conserva­ ensure that sehlves are well-stocked, Chapman are · capable of com­ customer enquiries are answered and Manager: Tanya Woolf tives who were holding the prehending that " in their right shoppers take away their purchases without Wendy Barrett meeting at which Volschenk was Music: minds" delay at the check-out counters. Neil Dalgleish originally due to speak. saw fit to The store is open si:x days a week, Monday Yours sincerely, condemn the disgusting protest to Saturday 9 am to 5.30 pm. Advertising: Neville Moir Roderick A. Manson. which took place. Strangely enough, I seem to recall an anti­ Easter /RA demonstration that took place find out in advance of three outside the Pleasance during a Dear Student, meeting of the Edinburgh Irish Accommodation Isn't it nice to have a gentle closures, however I think you can get 6 months for revealing sources Solidarity Committee - I also return from holiday, with a three seem to recall that Student was day week (Miners - eat your of sensitive information . exchange Couldn't somewhere be open all forthright in its condemnation of hearts out). Monday was brilliantly the Scottish Loyalists involved. sunny to wander about Edin­ the time? At other times Four responsible female under­ everything is open and almost Why is it that intimidation Has Pollock gone crazy? burgh's streets counting locked against the Left should excite such starting this Frida. for a trial period graduates seeking accom­ doors, which as just as well since empty. Perhaps these days off are modation from June 84. phone 667 required for staff to write hundreds outrage and yet exactly the same in the Pollock Refectory Bar, there there was nothing else to do. Now tactics when employed by the Left will be a Friday Night Happy Hour 1981 ext 55 rm 331 . we'll all be rushing off again for the of identical pieces of paper saying "closed for public holiday" and should be met with silent in­ 8.30-9.30 pm. )50p pints, shorts Easter family reunion, British Rail difference or even tacit approval? 45p). A motion fought for by will be loving it. devising ways of hiding them Small Flat required in May for After al/, if either Edinburgh conscientious JCR presidents. Can't the University ever be under all the other wonderful responsible couple ; refs University students or the flexible and just wait for Easter? messages which litter doors; " No [STOP PRESS] available. Wendy 44? 2508 Edinburgh public at large were to Failing that why not open the odd talking with your mouth open in evenings. be polled as to which they found building? Things have got to be this library . " Yours sincerely, more offensive. the South African For Sale Two £50 holiday bad when all you can get from Government or the Provisional Teviot is a flat nose from a locked I. A. M. English vouchers. valid for use with any Single Room to let in central PS other holidays to sleep through /RA, I have little doubt as to what ABTA travel agent - £35 each flat - no wee marys/ OTC - £15 door! (It's beyond the pale to their answer would be. expect the library open). Some 20/ 4, 21/5, 22/5. (unwanted prize) Tel: Bffl 229 per week. Ring 225 9689 now. A. S. Leep Yours against Red Fascism. 7855. super-sleuths even managed to Douglas Smith. 6 THE STUDENT Thursday 19th April 1984 arts

attempts to control him. Thus, happily, love wins the day ; resisting our attempts to restrict 0 dictate its nature. Actually love isa film loser in "Terms of Endearment",a film which relies for its effect on a cynical manipulation of our emotions by any means. Jack Nicholson provides the crude humour (sexual and slapstick). Terms of Shirley Ma_cla1ne 1s only slightly less crude in her characterisation of Aurora; Emma's children suffer Endearment as innocent victims of their father's failings, whilst Emma's affair with Vulgar, Vulgar, Vulgar the meek banker Sam is truly bathetic. Worst of all, however, 1s the film's shamelessly contrived Scarcely had we recovered from conclusion in which Emma dies of the nauseating self-indulgence of cancer. Totally unnecessary to the th e BAL TA awards, it seemed, plot is the emotional manipulation than we were subjected to the of the most vulgar kind. In all /h is original itself, the Oscars. Once there is no love, people meet, have again one found oneself feeling a sex, laugh quite a lot, above all grudging admiration for _those share the bonds of blood, but no academicians who sat through the whole show, as one's jaw dropped more; the audience sees humour further as the vulgarity increased. effection , then pain, feel~ sympathy and deduces love. Once again love was a word on everybody's lips. " I love you all", Some modern critics might see " we love you all". In Hollywood '' Terms" as an example of loves everybody (don't they?) progressive melodrama. After all, the men are mostly shallow and which I suppose goes some way director. However, that " 1 erms ot In line with the current vogue h strong Emma, in a bid for weak, appendages to women, and towards explaining the divorce Endearment" should do so well is is a movie about family relation­ independence, marries the it is the ties between women. as rate. Yet again no excess was quite appropriate, for both ships, in this instance covering pusillanimous Hap, moving far mother and daughter and friends, spared to create a spectacle fit for productions are "about" love and thirty years in the lives of Aurora from home but never out of range taking control of their own lives. a queen or two. both are monuments to American Greenway (Shirley Maclaine) and of the telephone and her mother. which dominate. The view 1s valid It was all very predictable as excess and vulgarity. her daughter Emma (Debrah Her marriage is a disaster but only by default insofar as the male were the awards in which "Terms " Terms" is a classic big Winger), compli cated by their needless to say in time mother and figures are all very poorly drawn of Endearment" cleaned up, just as Americah movie. Boasting the respectiv e affairs with a daughter achieve a truly loving In truth. "Terms" is a crude film "On Golden Pond" and "Ordinary presence of Jack Nicholson, debauched ex-astronaut and a relationship in the realisation of which relies on the evocation of People" had done before. As ever Shirley Maclaine and Debrah weak-willed husband. their interdependence and the crude responses by clumsy the awards were a farce (with one Winger. whilst the subject may be Aurora is a snobbish, tyrannical relaxation of their desires to or two :iotable exceptions); tor small everything 1s writ large for a means, so bad that it is only mother wh o insists that Emma and dominate. Similarly Aurora is partially redeemed by Jack example, it is absurd that James L. passive audience which is being everyone else live their lives reconculed to "true love" with a Nicholson's marvellous parody of Brooks should be preferred to manipulated without being according to her rules, even love is man by way of her affair with the his own familiar screen persona lngmar Bergmann as best stimulated. to be on her "terms" The head- astronaut, a man who res ists all B.W .

budgeted than the predominant cafe (Larry), who spends his time Can She Bake flow of the mainstream. equally between subverting a Thus the story is middle-aged pigeon to his will and seducing romantic comedy. Black 's women . A tendentious tablea u: a Cherry Pie? husband walks out on her; in a cafe Larry flanked by two women. One she is picked up and comforted by wears a T-shirt: Smith College, 100 Eli (Michael Smil), a pot-bellied years of Women on Top. The other, Manhattan Moods and thinning divorcee. The his long-suffering girlfriend, reads relationship develops, through 'In Favour of the Sensitive Man' by mutual misunderstandings, un­ AnaisNin. certainties and irritations, until Not only do Black and Emil get The ea.;y bets first: Can She Bake Black picks up the pieces of her life, abortively involved with \his A Cherry Pie? written and directed gets pregnant, returns to her job as .partnership, Emil's obsession with by Henry Jaglom, was very well a blues singer and sings the song of his physique is obviously meant to reviewed in the national press. It the title. Very like The Goodbye comment on virility anxiety, and stars Karen Black, whose extra­ Girl , transposed into a more g1ack's moods are shown to ordinary performance in Five Easy identifiable world, where men fluctuate with her periods. She F'ieces 15 years ago more or less worry about potency and women eats, she says, to compensate for inaugurated a new strain of realism have PMT, and no one (or almost the unfertilised ovum. Then again, in the American cinema: movies no one) works in showbiz. Black accuses Emil of 'premedi­ like the work of John Sayles or Except that Can She Bake A tativeness'; Emil admires Black for Jaglom's own Sitting Ducks, all Cherry Pie? is to a great extent her 'spontaneity'. somewhat more kitchen-sinky, concerned with sexual politics, this The trouble is that however un­ socially concerned, lower middle is where I become confused. A i n tent ion a 11 y Jaglom's film class, less starstruck and lower subolo! de icts a oun man at the explores sexual stereotypes on!y to reinforce them . Blacks surgeon at an ageing Leith men 1one - ut at the same time to a remarkable, violent climax - character is nervy and self­ hospital (Coliee n1mse11 did his the appalling necromantic with still another twist on the final conscious, often becoming that medical degree in Edinburgh) who practices of Dhangi cast their page. There are several reasons dreaded object, the neurotic faces the horrors of cancer every shadow over everything that why it should be read by students books woman. Emil, for all his idio­ day, and knows there is nothing he happens. His duties as priest of his in Edinburgh, not least of which is syncrasies, is her tower of stren_gth . can do to prevent it. This sect require the mutilation and that it was written by an "old boy" Again Emil's character 1s given impotency extends as far as his consumption of corpses in the - but there's also fun to be had in added depth because he (and only marriage which is happy but hospital mortuary, not to mention recognising the locations, and I'm he) is shown in frquent conve~sa­ childless. However, a seedy and the sacrifice of a couple of people assured that if one knows the tion with a lonely friend. He advises mysterious Indian who has been who get in the way. Medical Faculty, there an! a few this fri end on how to pick up seen around the hospital makes Call ee handles all this mate·nal c hoice portraits to be found women: be sensitive, don't push , himself known to Kingsley as Dr very wel l - Dhangi is a creature of amongst Kingsley's academic John Collee offers a don't move too fast, and so on. So Dhangi, and claimsthat Kingsley the night; dirty and obsessive, he colleagues. women are still very much th e refreshing tonic to the is the "chosen one" of his obscure contrasts remarkably with the Kingley's Touch (206 pp) is object of the excercise: the ailing medical novel Hindu sect, and that together they bustle and sterility of the hospital published in hardback by Allen message is in favour of th e can work miracles. Kingsley - world. While Kingsley is scrubbing and Lane, priced £6.95. senstivie man, but sensitive only Medieal novels are fairly thick ever the pragmatist - dismisses up for an operation, Dhangi is in as a ploy, the better to grab and the idea as ludicrous and sends the mortu ary smearing himself on the ground at the moment, keep hold of that feeble helpless which is unfortunate inasmuch as Dhangi packing, but then it with filth and gore. This sort of comparison · is invited by the woman. this tends to obscure the becomes obvious that his cancer Jenny Turner occasional good one in the midst patients are recovering, for no structure of the novel and it is very of all those dreadful hospital other reason than that he has effective. cli ches which are well knowh to us touched th eir tumours. When hi s Of course there are faults. Apart Classified: Arts team seeks writers all. John Coffee's first novel, wife develops cancer and Dhangi from the aforementioned medical with wit, Insight, style, sensitivity th Kingsley's Touch, stands in just cannot be found the real soul­ cli ches - which may well be un­ lo fill growing demand lor e such relation to the rest. It searching begins and the ethical avoidable, but cannot help above . Favourable terms certainly has its share of cliches­ questions have got to be smacking of 'Genera l Hospital' or negotiable. the randy, Porsche-driving. nurse­ confronted. Col lee wisely does not 'Doctor On The Go' - there is a seducing, bachelor doctor; the dwell too long on these tricky reliance on Americanisms in much monumental ward sister, stern but problems - they are implicit in of the dialogue which again mighl with a heart of gold; the bad­ Kingsley's descent from a be inevitable in a young author bul tempered but moral hospital respected surgeon t o the is rather a depressing thought, and porter, and so on. But what makes unreliable nighthawk 'who socurs Col lee occasionally gives in to the th.e book exceptional is the juxta­ the low life of Leith in search of the world of medical jargon: "Where·, position of this too-familiar world Indian and his healing powers. the IV se t, we' ll need a CVf-' as well. with the mystic rites of ancient The book is at once full of things Put some jelly on those ECG Hindu India personified in the we all recognise - the leads." considerable character-creation descriptions of Edinburgh are But these are trifling complaints of Dr Dhangi. obviously those of a native, even about a book which is decidedly The Kingsley of the title is a student life in Stockbridge is worth reading and which builds up arts strives to reject such escapes he too gasps for a cigarette and resorts to drink in order to theatre celebrate. Undeniable Yet these four characters, and the other visitors to th~ cafe, are full of humour, warmth and com­ Flop! passion. They are innocent punters. with minds so un businesslike that one of their Theatre International In 'Lindsay customers, Dorothy, can regularly Kemp's Turquoise Pantomime' at McGrath's find a free bite to eat at their the Bedlam Thea tre-March 21- expense. In total contrast McGrath 31 gives us Big Sister and Peacock Catch 22 (almost too peripheral in this There is no real denying the fact ·production), who exhibit the true that Theatre lnternational 's spirit of the age. Big Sister has no presentation of "Lindsay Kemp's Pals by Tom McGrath guilt, and sees no corruption in her Turquoise Pantomime" at the Cumbernauld Theatre Co. trade - unlike the video nasty Bedlam was a flop. Only once in Traverse Theatre business . which she freely the 11-night run did audience Like Joseph Heller"s novel cnt1c1ses. Rather, she imagines numbers rise into double figures, Catch 22 . Tom McGrath's latest herself obtaining the approval of a and the bulk of the audience that play uses a tragicomic microcosm certain Mrs Thatcher for did come, came under the false to take a sideways glance at the producing such a powerful' assumption ·that they were nature of capital ism . Heller panacea at no cost to the state. actually coming to _see Lindsay achieves this through his use of ·-we," Sister says proudly, "are Kemp. True, Stuart Forbes, the the character Milo Minderbinder, self-financing." The ending is only actual performer in the some­ who takes capitalism to its logical ambivalent. but possibly what misnomered TP, did work extreme by hiring out his own pessimistic: a much happier, with Li ndsay Kemp some years squadron's bombers to the smack- free Carol hides an back, and the show is based on Germans, with which to bomb his unwanted packet of heroin from work they did together, but there compatriots. McGrath manages Mangan, while at the same time the Kemp connection ends. much the same savage satire by Big Sister ponders the unstop­ However, the camp connection illustrating the manner in which pable future for her product. "We lives on, principally in the form of the business world preys upon the have created a market." an outrageous drag compere, and vulnerability of ordinary people, The cast of this production are in Fo,rbes· mime - sorry, I forgot satisfying the most sel f ­ convincing all round, but the to mention that the show was destructive vices and cravings. honours must go to Joseph Greig almost en tirely mime - of a fourth /ltnd for McGrath the logical as the ageing would-be cynic Lou, or even fifth-rate female stripper. extreme of such action is that most and Ann Scott-Jones in the totally Each comic sketch consisted horrifying o f underground contrasting roles of the revolting of a pompous figure assuredly industries - the heroin trade. Big Sister and the hilarious approaching a task (such as lion­ Pa ls deals with the efforts of two Dorothy. Meanwhile Michael taming) and gradually finding former circus performers, Mangan themselves brought down, rung by MacKenzie seems almost wasted ''. Karsh: 50 years of photographs by Yousuf Karsh", a major exhibition and Lou, to set up a cafe in rung, until the end up looking truly as he splits his time between three of the Canadian photographer, opens at the Portrait Gallery in Glasgow, and the consequent foolish on their metaphysical lesser roles, and James Gibb has Edinburgh this week after its London showing. Karsh's portraits have association with two of the backsides. On the whole Forbes understandable difficulty with the often become the definitive image of prominent statesmen: Kruschev, was better at conveying the vanity younger generation, Carol and fussy, fretting Mangan (the sort of Kennedy, Castro, Churchill and others. The exhibition Includes portraits than the sense of foolishness, the Billy. Through Mangan's attrac­ part that would challenge a of around 100 people, Including HM the Queen and Prince Philip, tion to Carol, the two ageing men Glaswegian Jack Lemmon). end of the sketches tending to be Brigitte Bardo!, Ernest Hemingway, Miro, Picasso, Elizabeth Taylor and anti-climactic. discover the sadness and violence Tom McGrath has written, as Margaret Thatcher. (Review next week.) of heroin: Carol is an addict, Billy one would expect from a play­ lt was, however, in the serious her link with the sinister dealer, wright of his reputation, a _p ieces that Stuart Forbes really Big Sister, and her henchman, thoughtful and comic play, of showed the class he undoubtedly Peacock. Yet ironically, while great topical interest , and Tune In, Turn On, Drop Out possesses. Again, they tended to Mangan is horrified and Lou Cumbernauld Theatre Company be stock pieces, although they d isgusted, their naivete is have risen to the occasion with were performed with senstivity The Innocent by Tom McGrath illustrated by their inability to see their presentation. Another run for lanes and company. The and precision. establishment steps in to interrupt that they are similarly exploited. this play would be well worth Traverse Theatre and the Royal Ultimately, one felt a great sense Lou is in the grip of fags, booze while. Scottish Academy of Music and the creative flow, but the final road of waste about the whole thing. b lock is ad ulth oo d and and bets, and though Mangan lain Cameron Drama The show itself was a blockbuster, responsibility. Joe attempts to but deserved to be seen by many "The Innocent" suggests that break his heroin addiction in a more people . And, more there is little to be said about the hospital where, coincidentally, all importantly, the waste of Stuart drug-crazed , flowe r-powered of his former Glasgow pals are Forbes' talents (which extend Sixties that hasn't already been either patients or employees. beyond mime to costume and said. The psychedelic period has McGrath's script has sympathy make-up design) in what was a been filmed, televised, novelised for his characters. His writing is fairly safe show, unchallenging for . and commercialised for 20years in witty whefY the dialogue isn't both performer and audience. a variety of sizes and colours to bogged down by the extraordinary J.H. suit every age, taste and religious hip-and-with-it lingo that the background. It's been aimed at groovey c r owd r e p o rt ed l y those too old to have experienced communicated with. The dialogue that time, those too young and among the drop-outs and the those too square. Now Tom drop-ins was uncannily reminis­ Tone deaf McGrath tries to cover all markets cent of a television series. · at once. Rewards for a patient first acts · The protagaonist's fall from are an all-stops out third act where Vaudeville purity is nothing original either, we get mainline madness, death, but McGrath's characters are reconciliation -all cold-turkey. In fact, the third act is so action­ Threepenny Opera by Brecht interesting, some engaging, some Theatre Workshop repellent. McGrath rewrote this packed, it begins to stretch the willing suspension of disbelief to version of "The Innocent" for final Not an easy play to perform, but year students of the RSAMD. The the breaking point. The RSAMD are a strong it was backed with great gusto by major difficulty for this young and the Theatre Workshop. Indeed the enthusiastic group is portraying ensemble of actors, and "The Innocent" needs such a cast. Little "Begger's Opera" is a most characters they have seem to have appropriate subject to be dealt little understanding or sympathy individual style shows through until the mind-bending third ac.t, with by community theatre - a for. form that Brecht would have "The Innocent" in the play is when everyone gets their spot­ light. This is also when McGrath's enjoyed. gradually turned on to the creative However it is more debatable way of life by his drug-dealing talent is spotlighted with more originality than the TV serial type, whether he would have enjoyed all buddies in Glasgow, 1963. The the aspects of this production. eager pupil soon surpasses his and his message both more poignancy and clarity. This important idea of audience tutors in mind-expansion and alienation is shelved in favour of moves into progressively faster Donna Campbell an electic presentation. The initial impression was spectacular, an artfully constructed set enhanced Warsaw, 1938. His legs have been broken during the Kishiniev program by attracti ve lighting. Yet the ot 1903. Luckily, a son survived and brings him into the street before Hypochondria coming soon ... emphasis on Victorian melodrama going to search for work as a heavy load carrier. in the evening he brings did not suit the subject matter. him home from the street again. The Hypochondriac inherited from traditional farce. There was a conflict of by Mollere Here it provides the plot of a major approaches, the music hall Bedlam play and a great character study. theatricality might have come off A Vanished World- April 25th-29th 8 pm The interludes of music and had the singing been more tuneful: dancing are part of Moliere's but as it was . Roman Vishniac Moliere's hypochondriac, Argan, creation of the comedy ballet and There we r e some good is faithful to fact and fantasy. He is apart from their va lue as entertain­ performances notably from Andi Unlike many photographs of suffering, deprivation and poverty, what every man who has been in ment in themselves, they add a Ross as Jenny, Angela Gilchrist as Roman Vlshniac's Images are not tonal. The viewer cannot help being the grip of major illness knows commentary on the theme of the Polly Peach um and Simon Abbot's moved emotionally by circumstances of the Jewish communities In himself to be;-between dire play, with their emphasis on the Mr Peachum. These were backed Central Europe. suffering and hypochondria there transience of life, youth and up by the delightful sketches given Vlshnlac started to record the lifestyle ofthe Jews on film In 1936, after is the narrowest of boundaries. If beauty. They remind us that by the policemen and the whores. the reading of "Mein Kampf". He felt that Hitler meant what he said, and Moliere is without mercy on whatever unnatural restrictions Here the attention given to small Vlshnlac set about to capture what was to be lost physically lo Bergen­ doctors, he is no less ruthless with the Argans of the world may details added a considerable Belsen, Dachau etc. (Stills Gallery, High Street, until April 21). patients. The theme of doctor and impose, the senses wi ll not be dimension to the play. Donald Pollock pati ent is one which Moliere denied. Fiona Alexander 8 THE STUDENT Thursday 19th April 1984 what's on

Film Society Film (557 0436) Yol and Missing Fri 20th, Odeon. 23.15 pm, 1.15 am Yo/ is a Turkish film, tracing the experi ence of five prisoners who are visiting their families. Missing stars Jack Lemmon and tells the story of the disappearance of a writer during th e Chilean coup. The film shared the Golden Palm at Cannes with Yo/.

State of Siege and Days of Heaven Sun 22 nd April. 18.45, 20.55 Pleasance Costa Gavrae, director of Missing, examines US involvement in South America, here in the trai ning of Uruguayan police in torture methods. Days o f Heaven evokes life amongst harvest workers at the turn of the century, starring Terence Malick, Richard Gere.

Dear Phone, An Unsuitable Job The Sound of Music for a Woman, Looks and Smiles ABC Sun 22nd April, 14.00, 19.00 Wed 25th April, 18.45, 19.18, (228 1638) The stock family film wheeled out 20.55, Pleasance Greystoke · every Christmas and Easter by Dear Phone luanches a short 13.45, 16.35, 19.45 someone or other. Still, if you Greenaway season, followed by a The 'real' legend of Tarzan, as haven't already got indigestion detective thriller in which Candida Edgar Rice Burroughs envisaged from it, the music is good and the Gray begins a strange investiga­ it. The Ape-Raised One returns film generally enjoyable. tion, following the suicide of her home to civilisation to review the partner in the detective agency. The Tin Drum The Passionate Friends family estate. Sounds promising. Looks and Smiles portrays Sun 22-Mon 23, 17.30, 20 .10 Tues 24 18.20, 20.20 Odeon unemployment in Sheffield. An unorthdox look at Germany Directed by David Lean, this isa Terms of Endearment (667 3805) under the Nazis, based on Gunter explanation of the problems of lh 17.02, 16.55, 19.50 Grass's novel. Directed by Volker love triangle. Ann Todd is to Tt, is film explores the relation­ Yentl 20.03 Film house Schlondorlf. West Germany/ Fr. between her passion for one ma sh i ps between mother and Barbra Streisand plays the woman 1979. and her secure but emotional! :' daughter. Starring Debra Winger, pretending to be a man who finds (228 2688) void marriage. UK, 1949. Shirley Maclaine, Jack Nicholson it's better being a woman when Can She Bake a Cherry Pie? (see page 6). there's a man around. Diva Thur 19-Sat 21 18.00, 20.30 Sun 22-Fri 27 18.30, 20.30 (Wed Footloose Champions 20.37 TILL FRIDAY French film with sub-titles. A tape mat. 15.00) Blade Runner and THX 1138 14.50, 17.20, 20.00 John Hurt stars in this film based on which are recorded the Henry Jaglom both directs and Sat. 21 23.00 Teenager Ken Maccormack on Bob Champion's fight against confessions of an ex-prostitute writes for this film, starring A reluctant detective sets oul (Kevin Bacon) clashes with the cancer and the advice of his falls into the possession of a Paris Michael Caine and Kara Black. the destroy four escaped replicanls i staid community of a small doctors. post-boy . This background of nervous, talkative hero, unable to 2020. In THX 1138 a break midwestern town and confronts criminal corruption, sex. and dissuade his wile from leaving, occurs in a robot controll the local minister whilst being Educating Rita violence mingled with the boy's seeks comfort in another woman. underground society where sex involved in a stormy relationship Please check times. own adoration and that recording An enjoyable and amusing film . forbidden. with his daughter. 'Exuberant Highly acclaimed film starring of the opera star Diva. USA 1983. entertainment'. Julie Walters and Michael Caine. The film is acknowledged as a major hit in French cinema in the The Howling To Be Or Not To Be 80s. 1980. Thur 19 18.20, 20.20 Mel Brooks' OTT comedy. Worth watching for the special effects and for a parody of Playhouse The Lady Vanishes and werewolves of past cinematic Dominion Sabotage (557 2590) lame. USA 1979. Clgo Fri 19.15, Sat 14.45, 19.15 (447 2660) Fri 13-Fri 20th April, 19.00 lnstitut Francais Alfred Hitchcock' s comedy Stephen King's best-selling horror thriller, with equally entertaining Toute Une Nuit Rear Window (From Tues 23rd) story adapted for the screen. d'Ecosse heroes and villains. The film is Wed 25-Sat 28, 8.20, 20.20 14.30, 17.10, 20.05 (PG) According to the New York Post: (13 Randolph Crescent) noted for its humorous yet Chantal Akerman directs this J. Stewart and grace Kelly star i " All suspense and screaming, a (225 5366) searching portrayal of the waltz through countless this Hitchoc~ classic. real edge of the seater." Englishman abroad . passionate encounters through­ Mollere ou la Vie D'un Honnete Sabotage is Hitchcock's interpre­ out one hot night in a European To Be or Nor to Be Homme city. Each meeting is glimpsed at 14.20, 17.15, 20.10 To Be Or Not To Be An English subtitled ve rsion of tation of Joseph Conrad's novel, not overly accurate, but many of its climax, a compendium of tales 14.20, 17.15, 16.10 Mnouchkine's lour- hour epic from which the viewer draws his th e set-pieces ar e st riking . Never Say Never Again Mel Brooks' latest comedy, as evocation of Moliere's life and own conclusions. Belgium/ Fr. Sean Connery as James Bon times . Admission free. Starring Sylvia Sidney and Oscar usual way over the top and good 1982. cool as ever. for a laugh. (Tuesday 24th April 6 pm.) Homulka. UK, 1936. FDLMHOUSE* . Exhibitions 88 LOTHIAN ROAD EDINBURGH 031-228 2688

National Gallery National Portrait Gallery The Torrance Gallery Cinema 1 Sun 15-Sat 21 6.00/8.30 Rembrandt to Seurat 17-30 April Recent paintings by Camero Jean-Jacques Beineix's wonderfully stylish thriller Until 29 April Fifty years of photographs by Coutts, Derek G. M. Mowatt DIVA 115) The confessions of an ex-prostitute threaten to reveal vast criminal corrup­ Mon-Sat 10.00-17.00 Canadian photographer Yousuf Keith A. Thomson. tion involving drugs, sex, prostitution and the police force. Sun 14.00-17 .00 Karsh. Photographs of many 296 Dundas Street. An exhibition of prints and public figures . Mon-Fri 11 .00-18.00 Ci nema 1 Late-night double bill Sat 21 at 11 .00 pm drawings acquired by the National 1 Queen Street. Sat 10.30-13.00. Donald Pleasance in THX 1128 (18) A break-out from a robot-controlled underground society Gallery over the last five years. Mon-Sat 10.00-17.00, where sex is forbidden. Sun 14.00-17 .00. + Ridley Scott's BLADE RUNNER ( 15) (Shown first) The Netherbow A Journey to India Ci nema 1 Su n 22-Sat 28 6.30/8.30 (A lso 3.00 pm Wed 25) Scottish Craft Centre Karen Black gives the performance of her lire 1n Canongate Tolbooth Paintings and batik by CAN SHE BAKE A CHERRY PIE? (15) Crafts for the Modern Interior French History: Images from Neustein. The trained pigeon isn't bad, either! 140 Canongate. the Past Just Edinburgh Mon-Sat 12.30-18.00 A selection of engravings from the A new range of photogra Cinema 2 Wed 18 and Thu 19 6.20/8.20 Louvre, portraying events and prints. Written by John Sayles and directed by Joe Dante THE HOWLING (18) personalities of French history 43 High Street. Wilder than AN AMERICAN WEREWOLF ... from the Middle Ages to the 19th Tues-Sat 10.00-16.00. century. Cinema 2 Sun 22 and Mon 23 5.30/8.10 National Museum of . Schlondorff's brilliant adaptation of Gunter Grass's novel Mon-Sat 10.00- 17.00. Royal Mile . THE TIN DRUM (18) Antiquities Frustrated in his desire to return to the womb, Oskar decides to stop The Romans in Scotland, with growing at the age of three, but continues in wodsom, malice, lust and General Register House despair. other displays: dress in 18th century Scotland: silver, gold, City Art Centre Time Past: Timekeeping Through weapons; Pictish art and relics of Patchwork and Quilting in the Ages Scotland 1760-1984 A not en tirely serious look at Full details in free monthly programme brochure Mary Queen of Scots. 1 Queen Street. Spring into Summer records. Student Concession £1,50 All Performances Mon-Sat 10.00-17 .00 Paintings from the city collection. Princes Street. (remember to bring your Stuclenlcanlll Sun 14.00-17.00 Mon-Sat 10.00-17.00. Mon-Fri 10.00-16.30 . THE STUDENT Thursday 19th April 1984 9

. ·:~1illllll!lllllllll!!!!!!!i!l!i!lli!!!!!!ll!!!l:!1!1!:!illl:!1i!!!::iiii':!:!:.::::::·::::::::::, ·.. ::::··. · what's on univents

King's Theatre (pints 45p, spirits Holy Week at (229 1201) disco. the University of Departure 16th-21st April. Eves 19.30 THE CLEAN SWEEPS 6th May, Tues-Sats James Bridle's play, at Edinburgh by Stuart Paterson Friday 20th Thursday 15.00 as part of its tour of Scotland. The PURITY by Chris Hannan Th e Musical Works at the Union Greytria rs, 19.30: matisation of O rwell's tale of an ageing Scottish school­ IN DESCENT by Simond Donald Palais, featuring The Very Thing Holy Communion. A Traverse Production the responses of three master, told with humour. and The High Tree live. Late playwright s t o th e .. Bursts with energy, exuberance and Friday raucous laughter"-The Guardian licence, happy hours, etc. Tev1ot of being young in 1984. The Real Inspector Hound and St Columba's, 7.30 am. Now 1111 May6Tues-Sats8pm Suns3pm Row, £1. aid, Chris Hannan and Seaside Postcard Greyfriars, 12.00-15.00: This Sunday April 22 rson each contribute a 23 rd-28th April. Mon-Fri 19.30, WRITERS' DAY OF PEACE Potterrow Disco, pi us Ecstatic The Three Hours The Seven Lii.st Words from the Sat 17 .00 and 20.00 From 1 pm in the Bar ·PayAsYouPlease· Hour and late licence, 60p. Free The Young Vic visits Edi nburgh From 7.30 pm 1n the Theatre£3 disco and late licence, Cham bers Cross. ay of Peace with To m Stoppard's comedy Readings from plays. poems. novels etc Street. , 13.00 onwards starring Joh n Gord on Sinclair and LJve music every Friday. Saturday and Sunday Sunday Night Traverse Restaurant now St Columba's. 10 00: h writers join writers T erence Frisby's comedy. open - Downstairs 10.30 am to 3 pm 7 Saturday 21st ut Scotland in the Ea ster days a week open to non-members Up­ Cocktail Happy Hour (1/, price), Holy Communion. ay of Peace. There will stairs 630- 1130 pm (las1 orders 10. 45) ' 7.30-8.30 pm, plus tree disco and Greytriars. 11 .00 : Sacrament at Tues-Sun Members only ngs of poetry, sho rt late licence. Teviot Row House. Baptism Co nfirmation; Ho ly sxtracts from novels an Churchill Theatre Tickets and Details from the Bo1t Office, Com m union. 112 We st Bow, Grassmarket, Edinburgh. Greytria rs, 19.00: Fe stival of 1f'lterspersed with music (447 7597) Tel. 226 2633. Sunday 22nd et. Participants include Lessons; M usic for Ea ster. The Day Alter The Fair Subs1d1sed by Scon,sh Arts Council and Ecstatic Hour 8-9 pm pl us live enderson and Norman Edinburgh D1stnct Council Wed 25th-Sat 28th April 91.30 cabaret, Teviot Row House, tree. A dramatisation o f T homas Hardy's short sto ry. Tuesday 24th Ecstatic Hour 8-9 pm plus life Roman Catholic Bedlam folk/ blues and late l icence, At St Catherine's Convent, I Lyceum Chambers Street House, Free. 4 Lauriston Gardens. \9 9697) Bedlam Theatre Lunchtime Debate Thursday This house believes in a United 20 .00: Mass of the Lord's Supper Master Builder (225 9893) Sat 28th April, Tues-Thur Theatre Ireland. Teviot Row Debating Hall, toll owed by procession to the Altar . Fri and Sat 20.00 The Hypochondriac 19.30. Speakers: John Hume, Rt of Repose and M idnight Watch. 1 1 Wed 25th-29th, 20.00 Hon Peter Archer, Frank Miller, : /k lbsen's play, a semi­ Sonia & Raskolrkov Moliere's masterpiece, performed tr iographical acc_ount of a An adaptation of Oostoievsky's Gerry Malone, Owen Dudley Friday to onship with a woman much in English. 'Crime and Punishment' Edwards. 9.00: Tenebrae. m, aer than himself. Lindsay 1.15 pm Wednesday 25th 15.00: Solemn Liturgy. na ivay has transferred the EU Ulster Unionist Student 19.00: Stations of the Cross r. tram Norway to Scotland. Organisation (George Square) Mr Ken Maginnie gives a talk on rt Urquhart stars. "-I the government of Northern Saturday 0 Ireland. Middle Reading Room, 9.00: Tenebrae (\) Teviot Row, 13.15. 22.00: Solemn VigM of Easter Wednesday 25th le Lyceum Sunday The Green Banana Club disco, 9 9697) 11 .30: Mass (1 pm lunch) () with Ecstatic Hour and late licence 19.15: Evening Prayer (G. Sq) Modem Mariner till 1.00 am. Potterrow, Free. 25th April Gladstone's play, performed 0 the Edinburgh Playwrights' kshop. 0 STOLEN • 3 GREYFRIARS PI & 129 ROSE St Sport

• Greyhounds MUSIC Athletics Minor hampering at the third Edinburgh University v. Dublin, at bend cost reliable performer Meadowbank Sports Centre, Sat Liquid Mercury her race at the lrd 21 , 14.00 pm. holiday meeting on Monday. The Assembly Tonight, in the third heat of the tar Edinburgh University Cup at stayers' handicap, Mercury's turn id Concert Hall Queen's Hall Rooms Meadowbank Sports Centre, Wed of toot down the back straight 25 , 13.00 pm. should bring her quickly into Mandrtan T rk> (668 2117) Cocteau Twins contact with a field in which the Friday 20th 19th. 19.30 Late Night Jazz opposition should provide no trio is playing a selection of F ri 20th, 22 .00 Judo contest in the run for the line. s by Beethoven: Trio in E flat St Mary's Edinburgh Under-21 Open Trouthill Again trapped and r Op. 1 No. 1; Cello Sonata in Championships, Meadowbank 30 performed well in a sprint race at ajar Op. 102 No. 1; Trio in D Episcopal Sports Centre, Sat 21, 21 .00 am. the same meeting and a repeat of r 'Ghost' Op. 70 No. 1. Belford Centre for Dance this could allow the dog to build up enough of a lead to take it safely to (225 3961) Cathedral burgh Quartet Thursday-Saturday, 8 pm. St Matthew Passion Football the line. 24, 13.10 'Moving Being', a multi-media April 20th, 19.15 Hibernian v. Hearts, Easter Road, ···uaUID MERCURY tet No. 2, Op. a-Robert company, will be performing A full chorus gives a Good Friday Sat 21 , 15.00. ..TROUTHILLAGAIN Kavey Kanem ford. Sera Variations Op. 'Earthly Paradise', a work about interpretation of Bach's choral Leighton. William Morris , Victorian work at Palmerston Place , visionary. Edinburgh. J:111 mm: ~ ff.:·:.r.,. ,.n .. ,.~_·,. '·'·'···'·'·'· '·'·'· '·'·'· "···'· •.•.•. •.•,=,~.·.·,, '·'·'·'·'·'·'· ~ i~:;; ~: ;;=;;. ;;;· ;~·;;~ :;;:;;: :;;:;;; :::~;: ;;;:::!

LATE NIGHT CINEMA FRIDAY 20th & SATURDAY 21st APRIL AT MIDNIGHT

SOME PEOPLE STILL HAVEN'T SEEN THE BEST LOVED, LONGEST RUNNING CULT FILM. THE ONE AND ONLY- llf)(;l{Y llf)llll(» ll 11 I(; '11 IJ Ill~ Sil()l\T 10 THE STUDENT Thursday 19th April 1984 -features

The elusive shape by of Scotland James Meek The borders of Scotland do not yet ness is most often found channelled literature, we find Glasgow writers begin with barbed wire and into sport, particularly football. On sneering at Edinburgh writers, passport checks along the the terraces of Hampden or lbrox Edi nburgh writers ignoring northern perimeter of Nor­ - or Wembley - the charac­ Glasgow writers, and Gaelic thumberland. Nor, for that matter, teristic mixture of arrogant writers disdaining both. do they really begin with couples national pride tempered by cynical Scotland's sense of having a dashing up the motorway to self-deprecation is most openly political atmpshere quite different Gretna Green to lop two years off displayed. Scotland's independ­ from that of the rest of Britain has, the legal marrying age, or with ent status in the World Cup, 1n however, been strengthened over lower rates of exchange at foreign rugby internationals and in the the past few years; not, ironically, banks because your five-pound Commonwealth Games provokes because of the Scottish National note has a harvest mouse on the national assertiveness in Party, whose popularity has back instead of the Monarch of the individuals, reflected by the plummetted since their golden Realm . These are surface effects, Scottish media, fa r more real than years in the 1970s, but because of minor variations on English law Labour. Scots voters have bucked and currency; but they do reflect a the trend at the last two general deeper kind of separation, and Introducing a new series elections, increasing the number remind us of the definite sense of of articles on Scottish o f Scottish Labour MPs at dual nationality which persists culture and politics. Westminister whi ler the English among the citizens of what is , flocked to the Tories. Of course nominally, a mere region. Scottish socialism has always had History, in the shape of what­ our vague awareness of a different its nationalistic aspect. Th e recent might-have-beens, is at the heart legal and educational system. The formation of an all-party group of of this Scottish confusion of Scottish Office is an arm ot' MPs to campaign for devolution identity. The failure, for example, Westminster, but the SFA is its promises interesting develop­ to standardise the Scots tongue (a own boss. ments for the future. language, not a dialect) by making Is it best, perhaps, to leave our In the end, political independ­ post-Reformation Scotland use a independence at that? We voted ence could only be a real ity if Scots bible instead of an English for a Scottish Parliament in 1979, Scots were confident of the one. The failure to put Bonnie and didn't get one, but the country independence of their culture. A Prince Charlie on the throne of has not exactly risen in arms over country sustained by an artificial, Scotland 's first and major ruins of the old empire. Britain and Britain during the 1745 rebellion, the issue since. And Scotland has subsidised identity - or a set of language, would be absurd . And in Jamaica are no more cultural not because the Highland army its unresolved inner conflicts, too. conflicting identities - would not a vast English-speaking world colonies of Arnerica than West were beaten at Culloden, but Religious bigotry simmers in the be a happy place. which stretches from Alaska to Germany or Japan - perhaps less because it turned back from western cities and towns of One problem of the Scottish Johannesburg, from Belfast to SO. northern England when victory Strathclyde, focused· on rival identity lies in its language. It is New Zealand, encompassing over In recent years, Scottish schools was within its grasp. Or the failure football teams. It is difficult to one thing to paint road signs and 400 million people, Scotland and universities and the Scottish to make the "Red Clydeside" of the know whether Rangers' sup­ print fo rms in both Gaelic and would be swamped. That is the media have begun to make more of 1920s the origin of the porters support Rangers because English , as they do in Eire (and negative, defensive view. Yet it is an effort to teach and discuss industrialised western world 's first they are Protestants, or declare what of Lallans?). But to pretend remarkable how most English­ Scottish history and literature. It is socialist revolution. themselves Protestants because that English, albeit with certain speaking countries have managed Nowadays, the spirit of Scottish- they support Rangers . In additions and variations, is not to build unique cultures on the Cont. facing page Pulling the plug on Cable TV Will the threatened 'cable revolution' drown British TV in soap? Alastair Dalton explores the possibilities. At the end of March the first The first three together cost bulk of their output. Music Box, rapid introduction of cable broad­ rates , and advertising reven ue will stage of the development of Cable subscribers £5 a week, the latter an influenced by the successful casting to Britain , apparently fal l. extra £8 . television in Britain was launched music video channel , MTV, in New because it is a "growth industry" The BBC's claim for a licence in 14 towns. In May this total will There have already been York, is likely to be based on a and will create new jobs. However, fee for all owners of TV sets will rise to 20, each initially receiving considerable problems with all similar format . However, the 24- in the rush to set up cable systems become much less justifiable tha n 'these channels, especially in four new Cable channels. hour rotation of a series of top pop i n the UK, problems of at present. The BBC is currently At a time when our existing securing adequate financial videos has been successful in the construction and regulation do pressing for the licence fee to be backing . Originally there were to national television channels face States mainly because it is not seem to have been given increased from £46 to £60 when it fa l ling audience f i gures , have been several competing somewhat better than much of adequate consideration . There is a is reviewed next year. continuing problems with adver­ channels in each category (e .g. what is on offer on US cable. In If most of Britain had been music, sport). but because of tising , and uncertainty over future Britain , where we have a number cabled by now, could the BB C inadequate financing most have funding , the Government is of qual ity pop programmes, Music have justified and secured such an pressing ahead with its ambitious now merged with their rivals. Box is unlikely to be such a hit. increase? Additional services such as a 24- hopes of leading Europe in the For the channels that have been In the case of both BBC and ITV "c able re volution". hour news channel have failed to launched , problems remain , ~ widespread fear that the Cable and channels. the inescapable end get off the ground because they Cable means more than just the especially in what seems to be Broadcasting Bill which has result of the introduction of cable have come up against substantial way in which television pictures considerable difficulties in filling recently passed through wi ll be a lowering of prog ramme are received . Several areas of operating difficulties. In the case their schedules. Parliament does not contain any quality and a move into cheaper Britain already get the existing of 24 -hour news, founders James provision to ensure minimum television that will include many BBC and ITV channels through Lee (Goldcrest) and former Times <'I .. 't'fft standards of quality or for a quota more imported programmes. underground cables rather than editor Harold Evans have ~~~Wi,n'...... of programmes from Britain and In Britain we can justly claim to Europe, to prevent a deluge of have some of the best televisi on in d ' cheap US soap operas and quiz the world. With the introduc tion of Home - produced quality shows. Channel 4 two years ago we have programming that we are used to Even with such safeguards, the seen and will continue to see a seeing on the BBC and ITV purpose of having cable channels medium which screens ma terial :hannels is very expensive to in the UK seems very dubious previously not seen on the other produce , and so w i thout other than as an inane attempt to chanflels. And yet it does not sufficiently high advertising create new jobs and give Britain operate a full schedule, only revenue cable operators could some enhanced status by leading broadcasting from 5 pm on easily plead financial pressure in Europe in the so-called "cable weekdays . Likewise , BB C order to justify flooding our revolution". channels are often blank in the screens with cheap foreign These potential benefits seem daytime, and all four usually close material. Attracting advertising hopelessly optimistic, while at the soon after midnight. There is thus wi ll itself remain a problem. The same time cable television is likely still scope for new quali ty dispute between Equity, the to have a disastrous effect on the programmes on our existing actors' union, and the IPA consistently high quality of the channels. (I nstitute of Practitioners in existing four broadcast channels. Advert ising) over payments to Cable will affect th e BBC an d ITV Who gets the profit from the black, magic box? actors appearing in com mercials channels because the latter's ~ continues to beleaguer Channel programmi ng is often extremely CHANNEL direct from rooftop aerials. This is conceded that "only an existing 4's stabil ity after serious ly costly, especial ly for news/ mainly in places where television org anisation [such as ITN] co uld threatening it in its early months. current affairs and drama. T o To some cynics, th e likely cable reception is poor or in new towns do it" This same dispute contributed to justify this high expenditure. there output, dominated by imported such as Milton Keynes. where all almost finishing off TV-am at birth must be a minimum viewing soap operas and quiz shows, is homes were linked by cable as part last February. How can new cable audience, which will in turn bring designed to saturate the of their construction. But now channels expect to attract in advertising revenue for ITV and population with pap so that they Cable means up to 30 extra adequate revenue from adve r­ Channel 4. and will secure no longer think about serious channels fed directly into the TIN political issues. In any case , the Meanwhile, Screen Sport's tising when both Channel 4 and continued Government funding home for an additional weekly coverage of UK events is likely to TV-am have yet to achieve this? for th e BBC through the licence so-called enhanced .. viewe subscription. At present. the first be greatly rest ricted by the It seems that the problems fee. However, new cable channels choice" which cable is supposed four channels operating comprise considerable and wide-ranging facing the new cable channels are likely to fragment the viewing to being will in fact probably be Sky (US series and soap operas, monopoly held by the BBC and stem from the hurried way in audience, so that less people will non-existent, while at the same such as Dallas). Screen Sport, ITV over almost all major sporting which the Government had watch BBC and ITV channels. time it will destroy the whole Music Box and TEN (The events , forcing them to look handled this issue. With lower audience figures , structure of quality television that Entertainment Network: films). abroad and to fringe sports for the Mrs Thatcher is keen to see a advertisers will demand lower ad we still have in this country.0 THE STUDENT Thursday 19th April 1984 11 features - Softly, softly on Edinburgh's mean streets Britain's police force seems to receive only unqualified praise or furious criticism as a homogenous mass of like-minded boys in blue. Student hears their side of the story as Bill Williamson speaks to the Chief Constable of Lothian and Borders. On Thursday, April 5, the Saturation policing is im­ yet been rea lised whilst no Evening News, under the headline possible: "We simply don't have mention was made of Pilton and "Yes, it's safer to live in Scotland", enough men at our disposal to Muirhouse. N o special training of published details of a report by the saturate problem areas." The drug any kind is given to policemen who Scottish O ffice Central Research problem, he believes, is not serve in such areas, "An officer Unit which showed that the amenable to an easy solution. " We might be told he is being moved to incidence of violent crime in concentrate much of our effort on Craigmillar from a city centre beat Scotland in 1981 was less than half education, alerting people to the and be there the very next day " He the rate in England and Wales. dangers of drugs, but how do you is confident, however, that special Such figures suggest that the educate people beyond such training is not necessary, laying Scott ish police's preventive warnings?" I suggested that with emphasis rather on experience. policies are bearing fruit and are respect to drugs the police were Officers straight out of police reflected in another finding of the powerless in the face of a vicious college would not be despatched report, th at 80% of people found circle of high unemployment and to difficult areas immediately. the police "pleasant and helpful" terrible social deprivation in areas Whilst the force tries to ensure that and 75% reckoned they were such as Pilton and Muirhouse. men remain in possible problem doing a fairly good job. "I think more important where areas for as long a spossible so When I spoke to the Chief drugs are concerned is that you're that mutual familiarity and trust Constable of the Lothian and facing a crime which is highly can be established. Having myself Borders Police force he seemed to watched a young officer at work in harbour no illusions about the task Craigmillar it does seem rather a facing the police in Edinburgh and "We concentrate much sensible policy, but is it enough? Britain today. Possibly he was of our effort on Obviously Sutherland lays worried by the hostility which the education, alerting emphasis on qualities which are police have once again provoked either inherent or can be acquired by their heavy-handed action people to the dangers of rather than those which could be during the miners· strike. a subject drugs, but how do you " taught" during each officer's two­ on which he refused to be educate people beyond year training period. Above all he questioned. Otherwise Mr Suther­ warnings?" believes integrity is vital. Public land is a young and approachable faith in the integrity of the police as man. Less bullish than McNee or a whole cannot have been boosted Alderton. he reckons his progress organised and international. by the shameful " Countryman" to his present post ,s typical. Obviously we are primarily cover-up, I wondered then if the Having worked his way up from concerned with catching oealers, Chief felt that the service as a the rank of constable, he has had a process which is not easy, and whole suffered from the reputation experience of work at a senior even were we to track down all the of the Metropolitan Police. " Well , I level in a number of different dealers in Edinburgh somebody don't accept that the Met has a bad forces including Surrey and reputation. . I think because of from outside would come tn to w Bedfordshire (where he was Chief occupy the gap in the market " its sheer size it does attract a lot of z C onstable for two years) Equally difficult 1s the police's publicity, but I think that ,t has >­ considering such broad experi­ position when tackling glue .0 ence vital in his present job at the 0 sniffing. Glue sniffing 1s not illegal 0 head of a force of 2,400 officers .c and whilst the police can now a. which covers a large and diverse report sniffers to a special area. Inevitably, given the fact that inspector for action they rely on about half the area's population is the parents of individuals who can "Well, I don't accept your neither would miners prevented concentrated in the city of be less than helpful. He is happy, premise that the introduction of from leaving Kent in the name of Edinburgh, it absorbs much of the however, that the police enjoys a computers has increased police " freedom", or those who have force's resources; what problems, good relationship with SHADA. powers in such a fashion received the attentions of the I wondered, did the police find the community drug action group. computers are used only toretain Special Branch. There can be no most pressing in Edinburgh? The difficulties of the relation­ routine information, not for any doubt that on the whole the police He has little hesitation in ship between the police and the sinister purposes . and phone­ are doing a difficult job very well, identifying two related problems community are most obvious tapping etc. is very rare and and that in Edinburgh they are as those which absorb most of the areas such as Brixton with a high subject to strict limits. I can't making positive attempts to police's time. "Housebreaking, proportion of immigrants in the simply authorise phone-tapping integrate themselves with the which increased by 4% last year, local population. Mr Sutherland whenever l like, any such activity community. However. the and d rug abuse, are by far the does not see the racial question as must be approved by the Home persistent fears about their most serious. The two are a problem in Edinburgh. Still, Secretary. so I don't think the fears increasing powers are surely not definitely related where often such given the high incidence of crime have any real substance." all groundless, or the product of acts of theft are committed by in the deprived outer city areas, Perhaps those who found their left-wing paranoia. They require peop le requiring money for tension must inevitably arise names on police files dumped more convincing answers than the drugs." In responding to the between the police and certain recently in Craigmillar might not Chief Constable proved able or escalation in both problems sections of the community. Mr share the Chief's confidence, willing to give me.D Sutherl and lays emphasis on Sutherland's work for the preventive policing, and close co­ Charathon suggests that he is operation between ordinary units intent on working to build links The elusive shape of Scotland cont. and the Serious Crimes Squad between the city and the police. He who investigate even minor is also anxious to play down any not enough, however, to explore English newspapers and Anglo­ incidents in search of a break­ suggestions of tension between the past; we must be aware and Scottish Ed i nburgh. Equally, through. the police and the community, make others aware of what is Scottish students have a right to st ressing that many echo the being done in Scotland today that expect more articles on these report findings and are chiefly is creative, unique and inspiring - pages about a nation which does concerned to see more police on not, chauvinistically, just because not simply vanish when their it is Scottish, but because 11 is Scottish school gives way to a very something of stature in world British University. "An officer might be told terms, whether it be artistic, Student's new series of features been seen to be doing an excellent political or technological. hopes to fill a gap that has existed he is being moved to job look at the royal or the for too long. Hopefully they will Craigmillar from a city Iranian Embassy siege - no other It would be sad if the non­ provoke letters and articles in centre beat and be there force could have handled such Scottish students at this University response. The subject is o_ne, after events so well." left Scotland with only a surface all, that each of us who claims to the very next day." By no means all people are so impression of the country in w hich belong to a particular country content with our police. The they had finished their education. must come to terms with - what National Council for Civil Liberties an impr.ession no so different from exactly is that "country", which the street. As the Chief was keen to has been fierce in its denuncia­ that of a tourist, g leaned from day­ lies somewhere between what we point out, the force is working to tions of the new Police and t r ips b eyond the re la tively see locally, and what we imagine ensure that problems do not arise Criminal Evidence Bill for England cosmopolitan ca mpus, beyond internationally?O in the outer city areas. and Wales which greatly increases Foremost among the police's poli ce powers to detain suspects i nitia tives to prevent such without formal charges and the problems he cites its policies in conduct of the police during the Wester Hailes. T here the police present miners' dispute has been Next week: have a post the the foot of a tower subject to equally bitter attacks block so that constant contact can from many quarters. Further, the be maintained with local people, ·introduction of computer Jim Kelman and unlike before when police had to technology has greatly expanded come from Oxgangs. More the ability of the police to monitor positively, the police participate in our lives irrespective of the new Scottish the Community Council and are, propriety of our conduct. Are we says the Chief, open to any then paying too high a price for the suggestions or queries from preservation of law and order in Literature. locals. Elsewhere, however, the the form of such information achievements seem less gathering and more direct forms of impressive. Plans for similar co­ surveillance such as phone­ operation in Craigmillar have not tapping and letter opening? 12 ·1Ht: STUDENT Thursday 19th April 1984

ASSOCIATION GENERAL ELECTIONS Thursda~, 10th Ma~ 1984

Nominations are now open for the following positions:

SRC Positions Union Positions Vice-President ( Court) Committee of Management Vice-President (Senate) President of Debates Catering Convener Conveners Entertainments Convener Academic Affairs Services Convener Accommodation Life Member Community Affairs Officer House Chairmen-Chambers Street/ Environment Student Centre/ Teviot Row External.Affairs House Secretaries-Chambers Street/ National Affairs Student Centre/ Teviot Row Postgraduate Transition House Committees Welfare Chambers Street 4 seats Student Centre 4 seats Faculty Conveners Teviot Row 4 seats Arts Debates Committee 5 seats Science Social Science

Faculty Representatives Arts Undergraduate Arts Postgraduate 1 seat Dentistry 1 seat Divinity 1 seat Association-Wide Positions Law 2 seats Medicine 3 seats Senior President (Sabbatical) Music 1 seat Union President (Sabbatical) Science Undergraduate 7 seats Honorary Secretary (Sabbatical) Science Postgraduate 1 seat Honorary Treasurer (Sabbatical) Social Science Undergraduate3 seats Societies President Social Science Postgraduate 1 seat Publications Board Chairman Veterinary Medicine 1 seat Finance Committee (3 seats)

NOMINATIONS CLOSE AT 12 NOON on TUESDAY, 1st MAY 1984 THE STUDENT Thursday 19th April 1984 13 Bauermeister Booksellers

THE BLOOD TRANSFUSION SERVICE WOULD LIKE TO Books, Records APPEAL TO YOU FROM THE BOTTOM OF ITS HEART. Come and Give Blood at: and Stationery THE CHAPLAINCY CENTRE, Bristo Square, on Monday 23rd to Wednesday 25th April or KING'S BUILDINGS UNION Thursday 10th and Friday 11th May. Look out for posters with details. The LOGAN George IV Bridge Baked Potato & Shop SONS 56 Cockburn Street Wines and Spirits Edinburgh Eh1 1eh Edinburgh at The Vegetarian Take-away Sensible Prices 031 226 5561 ;;::::;;2'.~:~!~f· • Large Selection of Open until 10.00 p.m. Delicious H ot and Thurs., Fri., Sat. Cold Fillings 7.00 pm. Mon., Tues , Wed. Pitta Bread Sandwiches • Just around the ODEON FILM CENTRE Clerk Street corner from Open 10 a.m.-11 p.m. Pollock at Odeon 1 Monday-Saturday 2 DALKEITH ROAD From Friday 20th April BARBRA STREISAND VIDEO SCENE YENTL (PG) On production of Union Card students can join our Complete programmes at 2.00, 4.35, 7.45 Sunday 4.35, 7.45 Video Library for on ly £5. COCKBURN Book now for 7.45 pm performance. Box Office open 1-7 pm. ( Mon.-Sat.) A saving of £5. No telephone bookings. All the /ales/ titles available Odeon 2 in VHS and BETA . Rentals LOUNGE The smash comedy hit per nigh/ 75p-£2.50 MICHAEL CAINE JULIE WALTERS 73 COCKBURN STREET On Sale Now EDUCATING RITA (15) Michael Jackson's Separate programmes at 1.45, 4.45, 7.50 Sunday 4.45, 7.50 THRILLER £18. 99 Opening Hours: Culture Club Seats bookable tor Friday/ Saturday evening performance. KISS ACROSS THEOCEAN£18.99 Monday-Friday 7 a.m. to 2 a.m. Odeon 3 AIRPPLANE and AIR PLANE II Saturday 7 a.m. to 11 .45 p.m. £19.99 each Sunday 12.30 p.m. to 2.30 p.m.; 6.30 p.m. to 11 p.m. FLASHDANCE £19.99 Laughter all the way with - MEL BROOKS GO-GO DANCERS MONDAY-SATURDAY 12-2 p.m. 2 hr-3 hr Blank Tapes on sale TO BE OR NOT TO BE (PG) SNACKS AVAILABLE Separate programmes at 2.15, 5.20, 8.05 Sunday 5.20, 8.05 Video Scene Open Seats bookable as Odeon 1. 11 am-9 pm Monday to Saturday Coming Soon MERYL STREEP SILKWOOD (15) 4 pm-9 pm Sunday 10p OFF PINTS AND NIPS 7 a.m. to 12 noon NICK NOL TE UNDER FIRE (15) Don't Delay - MONDAY TO SATURDAY Special Student Concession on production of Matric ulation Card - 4 admitted for price of 3 - all performances Monday to Friday Join Today LA ...•..•.••...... •••. LIVE Books Books Books MUSIC Thousands and Thousands of them from Scotland's Largest SORBONNE NIGHTLY Bookshop 69 COWGATE • EDINBURGH • • TEXTBOOKS • • PAPERBACKS •OPEN • EVERY SORT OF BOOK TILL • PLUS LARGE STATIONERY AND RECORD LATE DEPARTMENTS

Ecbatan Cafe • DELICATESSEN OUTSIDE CATERERS • Enjoy good food in a relaxed, friendly, James Thin smoke-free atmosphere. 53-59 SOUTH BRIDGE, EDINBURGH 10 a.m. to 9 p.m. and at 29 and 31 Buccleuch Street and Ki ng's Buildings. 97 THE GRASSMARKET • 225 4880 14 THE STUDENT Thursday 19th April 1984

JUsT BITcHING The' past four weeks Girls and hear what it should be I'd simply like to say that this song about - terrific voices, not 18- is wonderful. Shock of the year have seen the rel ease of inch waistlines. The Weatt\er G irls must be Scritti Politti's Would­ an unusua ll y large and also have the advantage of intellig­ Beez, which is actually extremely slightly above average ence: both the song and the video catchy and has caused a mass re­ are nicely acidic comments - release of Aretha Franklin singles. batch of singles. So, while feminist humour at its best. Those elusive Cocteau Twins good old Lionel Ritchie is Unfortunately, the Girls are a are currently offering us the at the top of the muck rather unique US product, and we record that moved John Peel to tears, Pearly Dew Drops Drop. heap, with a single whose are about to be assailed by yet more drivel in the shape of the film Although good, it's not quite up to vi\'.Jeo is particu larly taste­ Footloose , plus of course, the standard of Head Over Heels less, what's been grovel­ accompanying title track. Since and sounds a bit rough round th~ Ii ng around in the lower thears that wonderfully talented edges. Perhaps this had actress who plays the 'cello in something to do with Robin reaches? Fame, the theme will probably be Guthrie recovering from 'flu and at No. 1 for at least two years. producing (under a pseudonym, naturally) the notorious Glasgow At twenty-five past ten, Julian Cope and friends left Perhaps three - who cares? Bad Moves Marilyn certainly does, and got a band Dead Neighbours. Anyway, the stage - their set and encore complete. Let's start olf with a good black eye for hi s trouble from one at long last we'll have a chance to The audience were hesitant at fi rst, not too su re about showing slagging match (so what's new?). of those nasty, uncouth Aussies. see the Twins live at the Assembly enthusiasm for another encore, but not in such a hurry to leave. A The most outrageous release of all Interestingly, he revealed in a Rooms this weekend. Elsewhere nightclub gig isn't quite the same when your voices and footsteps don't has got to be The Alarm's new one, recent interview that he was Scottish bands The Lotus Eater~ disjoint the stony quiet of the streets at two or three o'clock as you Th e Deceiver, the title of which is "petrified" at the thought of next and The Bluebells have released stagger homewards, contemplating those songs that you're su re you the only thi ng to distinguish it from month's tour, unsurprisingly singles which are bothremarkable could write like that, and wondering how you've already spent more than the other dross these audacious because: " I'm not a very good improvements on previous you meant to this week, but who cares? young men have produced. Latest singer." You said it, kid. In fact, if blandness. smell of the month among Radio 1 you don't believe him, just listen to OK. This is a Good One. DJs is, of course, that absolutely his latest single You Don't Love delectable female, Sade, fashion Me. Great stuff. Night Moves Was Julian Cope affected by the Tollcross neighbourhood's model turned singer who proves . is apparently going to expand insistence en an early shut-off for the PA? I doubt it. I doubt he noticed. once and for all that looking to Dundee (sounds painful) in He looks ocld by most standards. Is he permanently strung out or is that desirable is what it's all about. As Good Moves order to try and steal the Dance his " norma " appearance/ expression? He has a big mouth to open, sing long as you've got those perfect Here is proof that, far from jazz­ Factory's monopoly. Could this be with and shut. And the haircut .. or what haircut? Julian Cope doesn't fit proportions. you can sing in a blues having been flogged to the end of civilisation as we know in with most of the rest - I suspect no carfully conceived and contrived gratingly monotonous, flat and death by Carmel, etc., it is alive it? Send your answers on a style like riost in the music world - hip or not. He is the champion of the completely untalented way - and and well and living on a flat earth stamped, addressed Ming table non-haircut, perhaps the non-style. He is different by nature. get away with it. The girl's got no - namely Dolby's I Scare Myself. lamp, please OK. This is a Loud One. soul. just listen to those Weather Wendy Barrett

Cope entertains his audience with songs that he writes for himself - not to f it into a clever clever style and niche in the market. He holds your attention with expression, movement and feeling (not emotion). His concerts are not image construction classes. But the band are somett1ing else agatn. They are musicians on stage for whatever reason, but not as members of a 1984 package product They don't look a bit like REEL TO REEL pop stars because they aren't. OK. You'd better get into this now 'cos in a few months it'll be a classic. Sound Site is a new of synths, sequencers and drumM CHART recording studio which opened machines. All of the equipment is The show was not overlong and contained both new and old material, recently in Atholl Crescent at the included in the very reasonable £6 all of it entertaining and some of 1t excellent. Neither his music or lyrics West End. It was set up by Bob per hour charge, the only are obvious, though the tunes are deceptively simple at times. The thing Last of BEF etc. fame as part of the exception to this being a Yamaha 1s though, that Julian Cope comes over as actually meaning what he 1s Sound Diagrams publishing DX7 synth whicn costs a little extra doing. His songs are more a product of himself than anything else, and company. The studio is basically if required. The price also includes more than most bands. This is what I mean about his image - whatever it 1. Psychlld-.llc fun - Heaven set up as a control room studio, in help from the studio's engineer is it seems real, obscure and honest. But I may be completely misguided 2. Sandilt Shaw - ff~nd In Glove. that most of the recording is done Terry Adams. Programming time and I don·t think that this time I'd be too ashamed o f it. Cope 1s worth 3. Kane ,.Gant, •,.. Small Town in the control room , whtle a for the equipment is at a reduced seeing. listening to and maybe even wondering about. Creed; separate room is used for vocals rate of 40% of the normal charge. Neil Dalgleish 4. Spear 01 Wuflny ~ Liberator. and anything that needs to be All in al l it seems to be a very fair 5. Water1>oys - 81(1 Music. miked up. deal for a band 1n need of a high 6. Holger Cwkay ...:. Photo Song. The equipment includes a 16- quality, low cost demo. Phone 229 7. Bluebell& - f'm F~lling. track desk and an excellent range 8946. 8. Thomas. Doll>)" '-- I Scare Myself. 9. Dead Or Alive - That's The Way . 10. Malcolm X - No $ell Out. :.~ ...: DATING REGULARLY Cornp1lep ,.1:iy NII( at Ripping Records, SOJJ1h Bridi;j e. l ~wd Although Edinburgh's Regular Glaswegians would have us all University could have fill3ed Music have not had a completely believe that they are Scotland's that gap to its own advantage, but easy trip to successful business, 1n music scene.) Also, Hey! Etastica sadly it was not to be. recent months they have been (managed by Regular) have finally Regular are now putting shows expanding extensively. Things had their album released, and best in what was the Caley Cinema, and have certainly been looking up for of all, their latest accomplishment the venue is to be named the Caley them - they were central to the re­ will hopelully improve this town's Pala1 s. Gigs are planned for opening of Glasgow's Barrowla nd live music si tuation. For a long Thursdays and Sundays, while the Ballroom and apparently control time there has been the need for a already successful Cafe Grafitti is what gigs happen in God knows new venue, especially a to be held there on Fridays and how many other Glasgow venues. completely new venue, and this is Saturdays. The opening event is (This is something that gives me a what Regular have found. Various on Friday 4th May and combines certain amount of pleasure, as among us beliefed that the the cafe/cabaret idea with the initial gig which features tan Oury and the Music Students , supported by Edinburgh's The Baby Knives. I can't say how pleased I am to hear this good news and I repeat Regular Music's idea 1n that they '"hope this venue wil l provide a much needed prestigious launching pad for new Scottish bands" Tickets available from April 14 :r - R1pp1ng Records and Caley Box "0 0 office. a Other dates so far confirmed at '< the Palais: z Blancma.nge Sun 6th May ~ - Runrig Thu 10th May 0 Orange Juice Sun 13

f\\~~'l ~;~~~~'.\(t\~~t?:1)~~ 5tudei,t i:,,.-.:i,\ l::!1.'i:.r,"1 '@~ Wimmin Towards the end of !as, term the idea of a women's page wa s kicked around Stud&nt a bit. It died, tor reasons less patriarchal than logisric: as Katharine 5c "ears 1'90 Whitehorn says, the idea behind women's ~wg pages is that they contain soft news as Academic Amenities opposed to hard, and are th8 bits that everyone Ilk.as reading but pretend they don't. As Student mostly consists of sofr \Ye make no apology for returning to this although the diffo.: ultit.::-. in the ,,ay of thi.: co1ild St'L'; the rt.::-.11lt:-. of stimt.: of hi..; in­ articles anyway (features: profiles; important and topical suhjcct. .-\s a rc::sult rcmm·:-i l -. f the stance :in: c.,tr:iorJin,1rik \'t.::-.tic.11in1i-. ,lj,pt·.1r .lf11"t1L: nnr il l ti-.tr.1t1"11'-. opinions) there didn't seem much point in en)© of the protests appearing in recent issucs great; hut, in addition to tht lms t.:~, th~ l'.t ... Ht: 11111· 11f tlil· 011 tlit· t .trc ln,n11d1:d h, calling pages about Life Women, or Video regarding the nui:rnncc n.:s ulting from the noise-producing foctnrs :1round the Old h11sic-.t tr.tllic r1111fl·-.. 111 tl1l' <.:ft,· ; rH1 ti n: creating a women's page and calling it Living. There was no argument in positive Chamhers Street bus stance, a consiJcr;_ihh.: Qu:1dr,111 gk ;in: so m:my :ind sn ~rt::it th:it nort h h\ ;t 1111-.. :-.t.!nee: 11n tli~· :-, 1n1th ll\ Game I discrimination either, as Student is seldom amount of puhlicity ha:- ht:en gi,·cn to thc it might he d11.:;1pi:r .111d rnorc ,;,ati:-f.a:tor~ (.'qlln:l· :...:trl·d, \\itli it-. -.,l1rid,i11L:' i11f.,r1t-. .111~1 (mare's the pity) in the position to quc:.tion. and ou r cnlightt:r1t:d Jail) con­ in thl' lnn i.: rnn tr1 t.1kc do1\n thl· ()11.1dr;111~k r .111(11 11 ..;- \nin·d l·n.d ,n11\nr", .uni r111 th1..· discriminate at all. You write it, It'll go in. Players tcmporarit:s ha,·c accon.kd us the honour of and n.:1111n t· it tn snHH: nion.: '>1.:di 1d cd :-.pnt. For example. north by a gurgling \"ictorian public la\'atory. ~ ~ referring to our protcsb in thcir columns; :'\ot onlv :m.: \\ L' :rnno,cd In nni st.: frr,111 IHhc:-,, Either the U ni,·ersit,· should be pulle!,_, freemasons, they are trying to lake .. >,(v-H~ ·,,1:-(...;.1,,"l. ',,'lf\i_'..a'~~~·'\dJ...'.c;',(;~,J \\ "\,• '-\ 't!l\'<,>",.,' ., .. t over the world. You don't believe me? But • megalomaniacs today are always ~i~~f~111i~,1I~1¥t1~1w~t\~~~~ obsessed with pushing buttons. 1 1'!.-W ~·~\ i ,s J,.\~t:·:i.~':}:())1'{}~,\: )}~ \\:~,~';.i',f. ,/· ', ~)lix,\:: _\ ,\l,.,\, ~ .• , .. '\ \ .. ,:\1. \..'1.::,\,· • ..: .. , , . ~ ,'\:~:~".((~~~ r,,.., .\. ,.., .. ~,\. 1 • - , ~_ ,"I_.~, \.