DOCSLIB.ORG

COI\TEMPORARY VISIONS Ii\ TIBETAI\ STI]Ditrs

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

COI\TEMPORARY VISIONS Ii\ TIBETAI\ STI]DItrS Proceedings of tlte F'rns'r'Iv'Rnr vrto\ \L St:ulrtn o!-Yor rr; 'Inln'x)[.(x;ts.rs EotlRn gt Brandon Dotson Kal,sang Norbu Gurwng Georgios Halkias Tim Myatt With the Assistąnce of Padcly Booz d ni co-12 5'*'' Lio* .J ^ .-.aO j l^v- t;- ą Ix rsn L,txo or CnncKPorNTS Yartsa gunbu Business in Golok 2007, ą Prelininary Report from the Fie ld EN{II'IA ROZĄ Stj|,EK For Richard Hoggart Ix'rnooric'noN he grorvingpopularity of Asian medicinal systemshas reachedCentral Europe.'At a postoffice in Warsaw,Poland, people can havea look at a lit- tle stall,a mini-pharmacy,selling herbalremedies from theFar East.They will find there a little flyer that advertisesa productcalled CordycepsMycelium Capsules.Importedfrom China, it is an extractof a funguscalled kordiseps(origi- nal spelling).The authorof the flyer introducesa fęw interestingdetails aboutthis unknownfungus' place of origin and its life cyc\e:*fĄordlsepsbelongs to theking- doms of plantsand animals at the same time. It grows in the highlandsof China and Tibet. In summerit is a fungus,in winter it lives in the ground as a parasite with a mothlarva (...) In springit beginsthe life-cycle of an organicfungus again tltusreproducing its biological cycle."This obscureand exotic informationabout a Tibetanmedicinal fungusrefers to somethingthat really doesexist in Tibet.It is Cordycepssinensis, knorvn in Tibetanlanguage as yartsa gunbu(dbyar rtswa dgun 'buf andfor English speakersas caterpillarfungus, native to the Qinghai:Tibetan Plateauand adjoiningmountain valleys. Caterpillar fungus collected by local populationshas become an important economicfactor in many partsof Tibet.3Its importanceis highlightedby worrying news appearingfrom time to time on Tibet-relatedwebsites. In July 2007,for ex- ample,World TibetanNetwork News (WIINN) reportedthat fighting broke out be- tweenpeople frorn Kardze (dKar mdzes)Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (hereafter I15l I'}IIr,I'\tioŻ,Ą SL ł-L]K TAP) in SichuanProvince lvhen residents of two neighboringtorvnships took up armsand hand grenades to disputethe border line betweenthet yartsa grasslands.' Six people rvęrekilled and over one hundredinjured. In June uffest broke out in Nagchu(Nag chu)Prefecture of thęTibetAutonomousRegion' Agroup of Tibetans in Sog (Sog)county protested against Hui Muslims andtheir anogant behavior at the market.5A simplequarel overayartsa transactionturned into a biggerconflict when a grorvingnumber of agitatedTibetans got involved.As a result,up to thifty Tibetanswere anested, ancl the Huis kepttheir shopsclosed for the next fervdays. 'lhese two examplescome from trvo parts of Tibet that still keep their pastoral character,but unconfirmedrumors of clashesbetween the nomadscompeting over yartsa resourcesare heardof in otherareas of pastorałTibet as lvell.6 Yartsą gunbu at the post office in Poland, or any other country where so- called alternativetherapies are in vogue,is a distantlink in a long lasting and far flung process.Collected by people in Tibet, boughtup by local middlemen,sold to pharmaceuticalcompanies in mainlandChina, processedand widely distributed in China and the world outside- ),artsahas to travellong distancesto reach the hands of its customers.A dietary supplement,aphrodisiac, ingredient of expen- sive dishesin upscalerestaurants in Chinese metropolises,yąrtsa is priced for its stronglymarketed universal qualities. The surgein its price and consumption in the past two decadesreflects economic reforms and availability of disposable income in China. The high demandfor herbal medicines in China and abroad has an indirect and complicatedimpact on the situationin Tibet, wherethe florv of yartsa begins. It impacts the lives of people such as those described in the post office flyer: "[t]hehealing qualities of kordisep,swere discoveredfirst by Hima1ayancattle and sheepherders - they observedthat their animals bęcame more vigorousafter eatingthe fungus."While the healin-qqualities of cordyceps were long known by medical practitioners,in the last dęcadesdevelopments in the markętfor alternativetherapies enabled Golok nomadsto discoverthe market valueof yartsagunbu.T Il"Bsułncrrour'ltNn This chapteris basedon researchconducted in Golok (mGo log) TAĘ Qinghai Province,China, throughoutthe yartsa harvestingseason of f007. Out of the six countiesthat comprise Golok, the main fieldwork area coveredparts of two - Machen (rMa chen)and Gabde(dGa' bde)- known foryartsa resourcesand recent rapid economic changes.The researchconsisted of participantobservation and interviews(in Tibetan)lvithin communitiesof pastoralnomads collecting yartsą ll0i - IN TH|' t,Ą\D ()|l (]I{ECKI'oINTs on the grasslands,local Tibetan tradersand their tradingpartners in Golok mar- ketplaces,towns and villages. It reportsfirst-hand observations from the lives of yartsa gunbu collectorsand traders. The stuclyfocuses on the new developmentsin theyąy75a business in Golok TAP in 2007.Itintroduces historical background and general setting of theyartsa trade,and the presentday social and economiclife in Golok during theyartsa croppingseason, lvhen people's activities and concernscenter around the fungus harvesting,buying and selling. In addition,it discussesthe place ot 1,ą,1'odigging in the nomads'cultural codes of behaviorand theirattitudes to the environment, and it reportsopinions expressedby influential locals in Golok on the phenom- enon of theyartsa tradeand its importancefor the area.Finally, it touchesupon the intra-ethniccooperation netrvorks, and competitionon the yartsa market in Golok TAĘ and signals the developmentof the new entrepreneurialclass in the local Golok societyresulting fronr thę boom inyartsa trade.Tibetan traders' own narrativesof their careersand motivesthat made them quit the herder'slife and enterbusiness punctuate this report. Rus n.łncu P'ttt'łntnrnRs The Golok TAP lies in the southeastcorner of Qinghai. It coversan area of over 78,000sq km, thoughthis is not the entireland arealabeled in early ZOth-century writing as Golok; parts of the former Golok territory are now incorporatedinto otherprovinces and prefectures.8Golok is famousfor theAmnyemachen Mountain Range (A myes rma chen),one peak of which, Machen Gangri (rMa chen gang rt),at6,f8f m, was once thoughtto be evenhigher than Mt Everest.eMore impor- tantly,Amnyemachen is a popular pilgrimage site, and the abodeof the chief of all territorialdeities of northeastTibet/Amdo. Its impact is widely recognizedin and aroundGolok. The Amnyemachencircumambulation route might becomea populartrekking route,as the Golok touristbureau officials hope.toThe sourceof the Machu River (rMa chu/YellorvRiver) is locatedin the westof Golok. The Golok territory can be roughly describedas stretchingfrom the sourcesof the Machu along its upperpart throughthe mountaingrasslands that merge into forestfarm- ing villages of southBanma (Pad ma) county.The Machu sourcearea is a part of the so-calledThree Rivers Area (Mandrydzagsurn;rMa 'Bri Dza gsum)ttin Golok and Yushu (Yul shul) Prefectures,and has been designateda naturalheritage site by the Chinese authoritięs.It is a populartheme of Chinesepostcards, rvhich show the naturaltreasures of the Qinghai-TibetanPlateau, and is a recurring thernein the Chinese environmentalistrhetoric. 117\ I lt\t ILL\ R()2.\ S(r t,tiK The terrain of Golok rises from the southeastto the northrvest,shaping the climate and ways of life of its inhabitants.While the averageannual temperature is around 0"C. in rvinterthe temperaturecan drop to as low as -30'C (the lowest temperaturein Dawu/lTa botr in 2007), and in surnmer it can rise to about +f5'C during the day, but still fall close to freezing at night. Snorv and hail are common at all times of year. In f007 there was snow on the ground in Dawu in July, and the hills around the torvn were covered in snorv as late as 28 July. The annual amount of precipitation decreases from east to rvest.The high humidity in the "lower Golok" - Jigdril (gCig sgril) and Banma counties to the southeast- makes the climate milder, and allows small-scale field cultivation. When the land rises up with the Qinghai:Tibetan Plateau, Golok gets drier, and the "upper Golok" of Martod (rMa stod) county in the northwestconsists of grasslandsover 4,000 and up to 5,000 m high above sea level; this area has been subject to rapid deserti- fication of the pasturelandsin recent decades.l3In the public political discourse in China the blame for that is oftęn falsely placed on the local residents and the ..traditionał..pasture Systemthat supposedly runs contfary to environmentalpro- tection, This is generally recognized as a pretext tbr the state-imposedprogram of mass resęttlementof a large part of its rural population. The counties studiecl, Machen and Gabde (along with Darlag/Dar lag, rvhich is not covered in the present study) form the central core of the whole Golok TAP. This "middle Golok," rvhich stretches between Amnyemachen to the north and Bayankara mountain range to the south,is characterizedby treelessrolling hills of grasslandup to over 4,000 m l: abovę sea level. It is a lrome for nomadic pastoralists who depend for their subsist- j: ence on their large herds of yaks and sheep. The sale of livestock and livestock products is a major source of income for the mainly population Golok, rural of . which is the third least populated of the Qinghai prefectures. I -'. j 2OrH - Cnn.-'r'utryI{IsronrcAL Ovortvlrlv In thę first half of the 20th century, before the Chinese government r,vasestablished in Golok, the
Recommended publications
  • Dangerous Truths

    Dangerous Truths

    Dangerous Truths The Panchen Lama's 1962 Report and China's Broken Promise of Tibetan Autonomy Matthew Akester July 10, 2017 About the Project 2049 Institute The Project 2049 Institute seeks to guide decision makers toward a more secure Asia by the century’s mid-point. Located in Arlington, Virginia, the organization fills a gap in the public policy realm through forward-looking, region-specific research on alternative security and policy solutions. Its interdisciplinary approach draws on rigorous analysis of socioeconomic, governance, military, environmental, technological and political trends, and input from key players in the region, with an eye toward educating the public and informing policy debate. About the Author Matthew Akester is a translator of classical and modern literary Tibetan, based in the Himalayan region. His translations include The Life of Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo, by Jamgon Kongtrul and Memories of Life in Lhasa Under Chinese Rule by Tubten Khetsun. He has worked as consultant for the Tibet Information Network, Human Rights Watch, the Tibet Heritage Fund, and the Tibetan Buddhist Resource Center, among others. Acknowledgments This paper was commissioned by The Project 2049 Institute as part of a program to study "Chinese Communist Party History (CCP History)." More information on this program was highlighted at a conference titled, "1984 with Chinese Characteristics: How China Rewrites History" hosted by The Project 2049 Institute. Kelley Currie and Rachael Burton deserve special mention for reviewing paper drafts and making corrections. The following represents the author's own personal views only. TABLE OF CONTENTS Cover Image: Mao Zedong (centre), Liu Shaoqi (left) meeting with 14th Dalai Lama (right 2) and 10th Panchen Lama (left 2) to celebrate Tibetan New Year, 1955 in Beijing.
  • View / Download 7.3 Mb

    View / Download 7.3 Mb

    Between Shanghai and Mecca: Diaspora and Diplomacy of Chinese Muslims in the Twentieth Century by Janice Hyeju Jeong Department of History Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Engseng Ho, Advisor ___________________________ Prasenjit Duara, Advisor ___________________________ Nicole Barnes ___________________________ Adam Mestyan ___________________________ Cemil Aydin Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History in the Graduate School of Duke University 2019 ABSTRACT Between Shanghai and Mecca: Diaspora and Diplomacy of Chinese Muslims in the Twentieth Century by Janice Hyeju Jeong Department of History Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Engseng Ho, Advisor ___________________________ Prasenjit Duara, Advisor ___________________________ Nicole Barnes ___________________________ Adam Mestyan ___________________________ Cemil Aydin An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Department of History in the Graduate School of Duke University 2019 Copyright by Janice Hyeju Jeong 2019 Abstract While China’s recent Belt and the Road Initiative and its expansion across Eurasia is garnering public and scholarly attention, this dissertation recasts the space of Eurasia as one connected through historic Islamic networks between Mecca and China. Specifically, I show that eruptions of
  • Religion in China BKGA 85 Religion Inchina and Bernhard Scheid Edited by Max Deeg Major Concepts and Minority Positions MAX DEEG, BERNHARD SCHEID (EDS.)

    Religion in China BKGA 85 Religion Inchina and Bernhard Scheid Edited by Max Deeg Major Concepts and Minority Positions MAX DEEG, BERNHARD SCHEID (EDS.)

    Religions of foreign origin have shaped Chinese cultural history much stronger than generally assumed and continue to have impact on Chinese society in varying regional degrees. The essays collected in the present volume put a special emphasis on these “foreign” and less familiar aspects of Chinese religion. Apart from an introductory article on Daoism (the BKGA 85 BKGA Religion in China proto­typical autochthonous religion of China), the volume reflects China’s encounter with religions of the so-called Western Regions, starting from the adoption of Indian Buddhism to early settlements of religious minorities from the Near East (Islam, Christianity, and Judaism) and the early modern debates between Confucians and Christian missionaries. Contemporary Major Concepts and religious minorities, their specific social problems, and their regional diversities are discussed in the cases of Abrahamitic traditions in China. The volume therefore contributes to our understanding of most recent and Minority Positions potentially violent religio-political phenomena such as, for instance, Islamist movements in the People’s Republic of China. Religion in China Religion ∙ Max DEEG is Professor of Buddhist Studies at the University of Cardiff. His research interests include in particular Buddhist narratives and their roles for the construction of identity in premodern Buddhist communities. Bernhard SCHEID is a senior research fellow at the Austrian Academy of Sciences. His research focuses on the history of Japanese religions and the interaction of Buddhism with local religions, in particular with Japanese Shintō. Max Deeg, Bernhard Scheid (eds.) Deeg, Max Bernhard ISBN 978-3-7001-7759-3 Edited by Max Deeg and Bernhard Scheid Printed and bound in the EU SBph 862 MAX DEEG, BERNHARD SCHEID (EDS.) RELIGION IN CHINA: MAJOR CONCEPTS AND MINORITY POSITIONS ÖSTERREICHISCHE AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN PHILOSOPHISCH-HISTORISCHE KLASSE SITZUNGSBERICHTE, 862.
  • Eco-Environment Status Evaluation and Change Analysis of Qinghai Based on National Geographic Conditions Census Data

    Eco-Environment Status Evaluation and Change Analysis of Qinghai Based on National Geographic Conditions Census Data

    The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLII-3, 2018 ISPRS TC III Mid-term Symposium “Developments, Technologies and Applications in Remote Sensing”, 7–10 May, Beijing, China Eco-environment Status Evaluation and Change Analysis of Qinghai Based on National Geographic Conditions Census Data Min Zheng1,2, Maoliang Zhu1,2, Yuan Wang1,2, Changjun Xu1,2, Honghai Yang1,2 1Provincial Geomatics Center of Qinghai, Xining, China; 2Geomatics Technology and Application key Laboratory of Qinghai Province, Xining, China; KEY WORDS: national geographic conditions census, remote sensing, eco-environment status, ecological index, ecological change analysis ABSTRACT: As the headstream of the Yellow River, the Yangtze River and the Lantsang River, located in the hinterland of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Qinghai province is hugely significant for ecosystem as well as for ecological security and sustainable development in China. With the accomplishment of the first national geographic condition census, the frequent monitoring has begun. The classification indicators of the census and monitoring data are highly correlated with Technical Criterion for Ecosystem Status Evaluation released by Ministry of Environmental Protection in 2015. Based on three years’ geographic conditions data (2014-2016), Landsat-8 images and thematic data (water resource, pollution emissions, meteorological data, soil erosion, etc.), a multi-years and high-precision eco-environment status evaluation and spatiotemporal change analysis of Qinghai province has been researched on the basis of Technical Criterion for Ecosystem Status Evaluation in this paper. Unlike the evaluation implemented by environmental protection department, the evaluation unit in this paper is town rather than county. The evaluation result shows that the eco-environment status in Qinghai is generally in a fine condition, and has significant regional differences.
  • Qinghai WLAN Area 1/13

    Qinghai WLAN Area 1/13

    Qinghai WLAN area NO. SSID Location_Name Location_Type Location_Address City Province 1 ChinaNet Quality Supervision Mansion Business Building No.31 Xiguan Street Xining City Qinghai Province No.160 Yellow River Road 2 ChinaNet Victory Hotel Conference Center Convention Center Xining City Qinghai Province 3 ChinaNet Shangpin Space Recreation Bar No.16-36 Xiguan Street Xining City Qinghai Province 4 ChinaNet Business Building No.372 Qilian Road Xining City Qinghai Province Salt Mansion 5 ChinaNet Yatai Trade City Large Shopping Mall Dongguan Street Xining City Qinghai Province 6 ChinaNet Gome Large Shopping Mall No.72 Dongguan Street Xining City Qinghai Province 7 ChinaNet West Airport Office Building Business Building No.32 Bayi Road Xining City Qinghai Province Government Agencies 8 ChinaNet Chengdong District Government Xining City Qinghai Province and Other Institutions Delingha Road 9 ChinaNet Junjiao Mansion Business Building Xining City Qinghai Province Bayi Road Government Agencies 10 ChinaNet Higher Procuratortate Office Building Xining City Qinghai Province and Other Institutions Wusi West Road 11 ChinaNet Zijin Garden Business Building No.41, Wusi West Road Xining City Qinghai Province 12 ChinaNet Qingbai Shopping Mall Large Shopping Mall Xining City Qinghai Province No.39, Wusi Avenue 13 ChinaNet CYTS Mansion Business Building No.55-1 Shengli Road Xining City Qinghai Province 14 ChinaNet Chenxiong Mansion Business Building No.15 Shengli Road Xining City Qinghai Province 15 ChinaNet Platform Bridge Shoes City Large Shopping
  • An Empirical Study on the Coordinated Development of Economy and Ecological Environment of Eastern City Group in Qinghai Province

    An Empirical Study on the Coordinated Development of Economy and Ecological Environment of Eastern City Group in Qinghai Province

    E3S Web of Conferences 23 6 , 03015 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123603015 ICERSD 2020 An Empirical Study on the Coordinated Development of Economy and Ecological Environment of Eastern City Group in Qinghai Province Yatian Liu1,a , Shengxi Ding2* 1 College of Finance and Economics, Qinghai University，Qinghai , Xining ,China 2 College of Finance and Economics, Qinghai University，Qinghai , Xining ,China Abstract. Firstly, this article uses the Entropy method to calculate the weights of economic development and ecological environment indicators in the eastern urban agglomeration of Qinghai Province from 2005 to 2019. Secondly, this article uses the calculated weights and linear weighting functions to construct evaluation models for economic development and ecological environment development, respectively. The results show that the comprehensive development level of the economic development in the eastern urban agglomeration of Qinghai Province cities is gradually rising, and the comprehensive development level of the ecological environment fluctuates slightly but the overall development trend is increasing. Then, using the Environmental-Economic Coordination degree evaluation model, quantitative analysis and evaluation of the Environmental-Economic system coordination degree, it is found that the coordinated development of the economic and ecological environment of the eastern urban agglomeration in Qinghai Province is relatively well. Finally, it analysis and proposes countermeasures and suggestions to promote the coordinated
  • Tibet Outside the TAR Page 2159

    Tibet Outside the TAR Page 2159

    CFP-W, Chentsa Chinese: Jianza Xian Alliance for Research in Tibet (ART) Tibet Outside the TAR page 2159 roll/neg: 54:15 subject: wide angle view of the town location: Chentsa Dzong CFP-W-éE,, Malho -é, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Tsongön UWê-¢éP, [Ch: Jianza , Huangnan TAP, Qinghai Province] approx. date: winter 1995/1996 comment: In the distance is the Machu (Huanghe, Yellow R.). Across the river is Haidong Prefecture with two million inhabitants, at least two thirds of them Chinese and Hui. Official population in Chentsa is about 49,000, with a 60% Tibetan majority claimed. The true Tibetan proportion is probably lower. Demographic pressure is intense: population density in Chentsa, the nearest to Xining and Haidong, is 28 persons/km2 . The next county, the capital, Regong, has 21. In Tsekhog it is 7 and only 4 in Yülgan. (Viewed from the south.) © 1997 Alliance for Research in Tibet (ART), all rights reserved Alliance for Research in Tibet (ART) Tibet Outside the TAR page 2161 b. Chentsa [Ch: Jianza] i. Brief description and impressions Chentsa CFP-W-éE, (Ch. Jianza Xian ) is one of the most vulnerable of all the Tibetan counties to patterns of development preferred by China. Only the Yellow River (Ma Chu), edging its northern border, now divides it from the densely-populated Chinese and Hui region of Haidong Prefecture. This geographical feature once served as a clear and formidable marker between a totally Tibetan world to the south and a region which, though sinicizing gradually over the centuries, did not overleap the Yellow River until the Communist Chinese occupation.
  • 2008 UPRISING in TIBET: CHRONOLOGY and ANALYSIS © 2008, Department of Information and International Relations, CTA First Edition, 1000 Copies ISBN: 978-93-80091-15-0

    2008 UPRISING in TIBET: CHRONOLOGY and ANALYSIS © 2008, Department of Information and International Relations, CTA First Edition, 1000 Copies ISBN: 978-93-80091-15-0

    2008 UPRISING IN TIBET CHRONOLOGY AND ANALYSIS CONTENTS (Full contents here) Foreword List of Abbreviations 2008 Tibet Uprising: A Chronology 2008 Tibet Uprising: An Analysis Introduction Facts and Figures State Response to the Protests Reaction of the International Community Reaction of the Chinese People Causes Behind 2008 Tibet Uprising: Flawed Tibet Policies? Political and Cultural Protests in Tibet: 1950-1996 Conclusion Appendices Maps Glossary of Counties in Tibet 2008 UPRISING IN TIBET CHRONOLOGY AND ANALYSIS UN, EU & Human Rights Desk Department of Information and International Relations Central Tibetan Administration Dharamsala - 176215, HP, INDIA 2010 2008 UPRISING IN TIBET: CHRONOLOGY AND ANALYSIS © 2008, Department of Information and International Relations, CTA First Edition, 1000 copies ISBN: 978-93-80091-15-0 Acknowledgements: Norzin Dolma Editorial Consultants Jane Perkins (Chronology section) JoAnn Dionne (Analysis section) Other Contributions (Chronology section) Gabrielle Lafitte, Rebecca Nowark, Kunsang Dorje, Tsomo, Dhela, Pela, Freeman, Josh, Jean Cover photo courtesy Agence France-Presse (AFP) Published by: UN, EU & Human Rights Desk Department of Information and International Relations (DIIR) Central Tibetan Administration (CTA) Gangchen Kyishong Dharamsala - 176215, HP, INDIA Phone: +91-1892-222457,222510 Fax: +91-1892-224957 Email: [email protected] Website: www.tibet.net; www.tibet.com Printed at: Narthang Press DIIR, CTA Gangchen Kyishong Dharamsala - 176215, HP, INDIA ... for those who lost their lives, for
  • Lasiopodomys Fuscus As an Important Intermediate Host for Echinococcus

    Lasiopodomys Fuscus As an Important Intermediate Host for Echinococcus

    Cai et al. Infectious Diseases of Poverty (2018) 7:27 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-018-0409-4 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Lasiopodomys fuscus as an important intermediate host for Echinococcus multilocularis: isolation and phylogenetic identification of the parasite Qi-Gang Cai1,2†, Xiu-Min Han3†, Yong-Hai Yang4, Xue-Yong Zhang2, Li-Qing Ma2, Panagiotis Karanis2 and Yong-Hao Hu1* Abstract Background: Echinococcus multilocularis causes alveolar echinococcosis (AE) and is widely prevalent in Qinghai Province, China, where a number of different species have been identified as hosts. However, limited information is available on the Qinghai vole (Lasiopodomys fuscus), which is hyper endemic to Qinghai Province and may represent a potential intermediate host of E. multilocularis.Thus,L. fuscus could contribute to the endemicity of AE in the area. Methods: Fifty Qinghai voles were captured from Jigzhi County in Qinghai Province for the clinical identification of E. multilocularis infection via anatomical examination. Hydatid fluid was collected from vesicles of the livers in suspected voles and subjected to a microscopic examination and PCR assay based on the barcoding gene of cox 1.PCR-amplified segments were sequenced for a phylogenetic analysis. E. multilocularis-infected Qinghai voles were morphologically identified and subjected to a phylogenetic analysis to confirm their identities. Results: Seventeen of the 50 Qinghai voles had E. multilocularis-infection-like vesicles in their livers. Eleven out of the 17 Qinghai voles presented E. multilocularis infection, which was detected by PCR and sequencing. The phylogenetic analysis showed that all 11 positive samples belonged to the E. multilocularis Asian genotype. A morphological identification and phylogenetic analysis of the E.
  • The Chinese Communists Find Religion the Struggle for the Selection of the Next Dalai Lama

    The Chinese Communists Find Religion the Struggle for the Selection of the Next Dalai Lama

    Policy Forum The Chinese Communists Find Religion The Struggle for the Selection of the Next Dalai Lama Anne Thurston Lhamo Thondup was just two years old when he was recognized as the reincarnation of the Thirteenth Dalai Lama. The Great Thirteenth, as he is popularly known, had died in Lhasa in 1933 at the age of fifty-eight. The team charged with finding his new incarnation was composed of leading lamas from monasteries in Tibet, and some were eminent reincarnations themselves. Clues and omens unique to Tibetan Buddhism— some provided by the Thirteenth Dalai Lama himself—guided their search. The Dalai Lama had intimated that his reincarnation would be found in the east. Thus, when the head of the embalmed Great Thirteenth was discovered to have turned overnight from facing south to pointing northeast, the search team was certain which direction their journey should take. When the regent in charge of the search visited the sacred Lhamo Lhatso Lake and gazed into its deep blue waters, the characters for “Ah,” “Ka,” and “Ma” appeared, and he saw a hilltop monastery with a golden roof and an ordinary farmer’s house with strangely configured gutters. The “Ah” led the search team to the Amdo region of eastern Tibet, then governed by the Hui (Muslim) warlord Ma Bufang as Qinghai, as the region is known in Chinese. The “Ka” and the vision of a monastery led them to Amdo’s Kumbum monastery, one of Tibetan Buddhism’s leading seats of religious learning, built by the founder of the Gelugpa, or Yellow Hat, school of Buddhism to which all Dalai Lamas have belonged.
  • Studies on Ethnic Groups in China

    Studies on Ethnic Groups in China

    Kolas&Thowsen, Margins 1/4/05 4:10 PM Page i studies on ethnic groups in china Stevan Harrell, Editor Kolas&Thowsen, Margins 1/4/05 4:10 PM Page ii studies on ethnic groups in china Cultural Encounters on China’s Ethnic Frontiers Edited by Stevan Harrell Guest People: Hakka Identity in China and Abroad Edited by Nicole Constable Familiar Strangers: A History of Muslims in Northwest China Jonathan N. Lipman Lessons in Being Chinese: Minority Education and Ethnic Identity in Southwest China Mette Halskov Hansen Manchus and Han: Ethnic Relations and Political Power in Late Qing and Early Republican China, 1861–1928 Edward J. M. Rhoads Ways of Being Ethnic in Southwest China Stevan Harrell Governing China’s Multiethnic Frontiers Edited by Morris Rossabi On the Margins of Tibet: Cultural Survival on the Sino-Tibetan Frontier Åshild Kolås and Monika P. Thowsen Kolas&Thowsen, Margins 1/4/05 4:10 PM Page iii ON THE MARGINS OF TIBET Cultural Survival on the Sino-Tibetan Frontier Åshild Kolås and Monika P. Thowsen UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON PRESS Seattle and London Kolas&Thowsen, Margins 1/7/05 12:47 PM Page iv this publication was supported in part by the donald r. ellegood international publications endowment. Copyright © 2005 by the University of Washington Press Printed in United States of America Designed by Pamela Canell 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 5 4 3 2 1 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be repro- duced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any infor- mation storage or retrieval system, without permission in writ- ing from the publisher.
  • Frontier Politics and Sino-Soviet Relations: a Study of Northwestern Xinjiang, 1949-1963

    Frontier Politics and Sino-Soviet Relations: a Study of Northwestern Xinjiang, 1949-1963

    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2017 Frontier Politics And Sino-Soviet Relations: A Study Of Northwestern Xinjiang, 1949-1963 Sheng Mao University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Mao, Sheng, "Frontier Politics And Sino-Soviet Relations: A Study Of Northwestern Xinjiang, 1949-1963" (2017). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 2459. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2459 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2459 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Frontier Politics And Sino-Soviet Relations: A Study Of Northwestern Xinjiang, 1949-1963 Abstract This is an ethnopolitical and diplomatic study of the Three Districts, or the former East Turkestan Republic, in China’s northwest frontier in the 1950s and 1960s. It describes how this Muslim borderland between Central Asia and China became today’s Yili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture under the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. The Three Districts had been in the Soviet sphere of influence since the 1930s and remained so even after the Chinese Communist takeover in October 1949. After the Sino- Soviet split in the late 1950s, Beijing transformed a fragile suzerainty into full sovereignty over this region: the transitional population in Xinjiang was demarcated, border defenses were established, and Soviet consulates were forced to withdraw. As a result, the Three Districts changed from a Soviet frontier to a Chinese one, and Xinjiang’s outward focus moved from Soviet Central Asia to China proper. The largely peaceful integration of Xinjiang into PRC China stands in stark contrast to what occurred in Outer Mongolia and Tibet.