DOCSLIB.ORG

The Times. December 1975

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Times. December 1975 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o p o o c o o o onn.pnnn^oj^..oj^í^.¿ú^ •. '. ... , Si Spanish King considers Three Spanish officers his first choice v w freed, nine still held 1 F r o m H a r r y Debelius communists, who were released for Cortes presidency j M a d r i d , Dec 4 _ ,., f r o m Cairalbanchel p r i s o n i n M a d r i d this week. T h e y were M i l i t a r y ainjjtftiS&Tiave dis- F r o m H a r r y Debelius . « * ( Y 7 S C i f r a said that i n Burgos an arrested last m o n t h and freed •i missed charges against three M a d r i d , Dec 2 " ~ j » • " * ' alleged member of the Basque after a group of well-known separatist organization ( E T A ) j army officers of sedition, but K i n g J u a n Carlos was today lawyers wrote to the Govern- considering the appointment of was released ; but in general the j are to proceed, w i t h the t r i a l ment. - S e ñ o r Torcuato Fernandez- only p o l i t i c a l prisoners to be •j of nine others, it was learnt i n T h e i r release m a y be the M i r a n d o as president of the freed so far out of an estimated I M a d r i d today. result of the K i n g ' s p a r d o n total of 2,000 are well-known Cortes. N o official announce- •A T h e three officers, a r t i l l e r y w h i c h i n m a n y cases obliges people, c o n f i r m i n g the opposi- ment had been made by late : M a j o r E n r i q u e L o p e z A m o r , the prosecution to dismiss tion's assertions that the Gov- afternoon. T h e C o u n c i l of the and infantry captains J u a n charges i f not more than three- ernment intends to use the R e a l m , Spain's supreme ad- iDiego Garcia and A r t u r o Gur- year sentences are expected. visory body, met for a record pardon for political reasons and jriaran, were arrested i n Barce- keep the great majority behind T h e w i f e of a p o l i t i c a l six and a half hours yesterday • ; lona i n October. to prepare a list of three candi- bars. However, unofficial prisoner, Senor L u i s L u o i o dates for the job, for the K i n g ' s reports indicate that a new T h e other nine were arrested Lobato, who is serving a 21- choice of one. government m i g h t declare an j i n J u l y . M i l i t a r y authorities year sentence for i l l e g a l asso- mmm i jhave been careful to p l a y ciation, appeaJed todfey i n a T h e post of president of the amnesty. down the affair, saying that it letter circulated to Spanish Cortes, and automatically that T h e public order court, w h i c h ' lis not serious. Nevertheless, journalists for the families of of the C o u n c i l of the R e a l m and hears o n l y p o l i t i c a l cases, has jthe t r i a l , i f it is public, is p o l i t i c a l prisoners to set up a Regency, became vacant last dropped charges against Senora i • expected to be sensational. It ; pro-amnesty committee. week when S e ñ o r Rodriguez de L y d i a F a l c o n , a writer and : -is believed that the nine V a l c a r c e l ended his six-year lawyer, under the pardon. She, ^officers (a major a n d eight The M a d r i d Stock Exchange term o f office. S e ñ o r Fernandez- her husband, Senor Eliseo Bayo, . icaptains) belong to the clan- d i p p e d today, probably as a M i r a n d a , who is 60, was for- also an author, and two others f . (destine Democratic M i l i t a r y reflection of widespread spec- m e r l y D e p u t y P r e m i e r and were due to be t r i e d for i l l e g a l U n i o n . u l a t i o n that the K i n g w i l l M i n i s t e r of the National Move- propaganda. T h e prosecution retain Senor Carlos A r i a s ment, Spain's o n l y legal politi- yesterday asked for three years' j Charges have also been dis- N a v a r r o as P r i m e M i n i s t e r , at cal organization, under A d m i r a l imprisonment for each of the . m i s s e d against eight alleged least for the time being. L u i s Carrero B l a n c o , General defendants, w h i c h qualifies Franco's first P r i m e M i n i s t e r . them for automatic release H e took over b r i e f l y w h e n under the pardon. A d m i r a l Carrero was assassin- ated i n December, 1973, u n t i l A n o t h e r well-known prisoner, the appointment of S e ñ o r Carlos though not for his political A r i a s Navarro. activities, has been released. • . Senor J u a n V i l a Reyes was S e ñ o r Fernandez-Miranda, j a i l e d for a total of 223 years once the K i n g ' s tutor, is a con- Senor Arias stays in in M a y for fraud and falsifica- servative member of the Cortes tion of documents. but is not as far to the right as S e ñ o r Rodriguez de V a l c a r c e l , H e was i n v o l v e d i n the office with powers € whom many considered to be M a t e s a affair, Spain's biggest the front man for the financial scandal, i n v o l v i n g the Española " bunker ", the entrenching of fraudulent use of Government the right after Franco. export credits totalling about to carry out reforms The K i n g also is expected to £ 6 0 m . The case, w h i c h came to choose a new p r i m e minister. light six years ago, l e d to a F r o m O u r C o r r e s p o n d e B K - { i \ w i l l issue a decree confirming S e ñ o r A r i a s tendered his resig- Government crisis and the dis- M a d r i d , D e c . 5 c Q t £ » * t « the p l a n on the recommenda- nation over the weekend, missal of the ministers of fin- K i n g J u a n Carlos confirmed tion of the Cabinet and i t w i l l according to reliable reports, ance and commerce, and the Seqor Carlos A r i a s Navarro as not be presented to the Cortes and a new appointment is l i k e l y governor of the B a n k of S p a i n . P r i m e M i n i s t e r today and gave for approval. before the end of the week. In Badajoz, Senor Bias P i n a r , h i m . unprecedented powers to Spanish bishops have called The C o u n c i l of the R e a l m w i l l an extreme right-wing notary carfy out reforms of the admin- for " the widest possible inter- submit to the K i n g a list of and a member of the Cortes by istrative structure. pretation " of the K i n g ' s three candidates. Informed direct appointment of G e n e r a l Senor A r i a s offered his resig- general pardon. T h e standing sources say that w i t h a regime F r a n c o , told a c r o w d of sup- nation a week ago so that the committee of the Spanish man as president of the Cortes, porters : " A l t h o u g h Franco is K i n g c o u l d have a free hand E p i s c o p a l C o u n c i l said i n a statement today that this was the new premier w i l l almost dead, F r a n c o i s m has not d i e d .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Legitimacy by Proxy: Searching for a Usable Past Through the International Brigades in Spain's Post-Franco Democracy, 1975-201
    This is a repository copy of Legitimacy by Proxy: searching for a usable past through the International Brigades in Spain’s post-Franco democracy, 1975-2015. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/93332/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Marco, J and Anderson, PP (2016) Legitimacy by Proxy: searching for a usable past through the International Brigades in Spain’s post-Franco democracy, 1975-2015. Journal of Modern European History, 14 (3). pp. 391-410. ISSN 1611-8944 10.17104/1611-8944-2016-3-391 (c) 2016, Verlag C.H. Beck. This is an author produced version of a paper published in the Journal of Modern European History. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Legitimacy by Proxy: searching for a usable past through the International Brigades in Spain’s post-Franco democracy, 1975-2015 INTRODUCTION The 23 October 2011 marked the 75th anniversary of the official creation of the International Brigades.
    [Show full text]
  • Forty Years of Democratic Spain: Political, Economic, Foreign Policy
    Working Paper Documento de Trabajo Forty years of democratic Spain Political, economic, foreign policy and social change, 1978-2018 William Chislett Working Paper 01/2018 | October 2018 Sponsored by Bussiness Advisory Council With the collaboration of Forty years of democratic Spain Political, economic, foreign policy and social change, 1978-2018 William Chislett - Real Instituto Elcano - October 2018 Real Instituto Elcano - Madrid - España www.realinstitutoelcano.org © 2018 Real Instituto Elcano C/ Príncipe de Vergara, 51 28006 Madrid www.realinstitutoelcano.org ISSN: 1699-3504 Depósito Legal: M-26708-2005 Working Paper Forty years of democratic Spain Political, economic, foreign policy and social change, 1978-2018 William Chislett Summary 1. Background 2. Political scene: a new mould 3. Autonomous communities: unfinished business 4. The discord in Catalonia: no end in sight 5. Economy: transformed but vulnerable 6. Labour market: haves and have-nots 7. Exports: surprising success 8. Direct investment abroad: the forging of multinationals 9. Banks: from a cosy club to tough competition 10. Foreign policy: from isolation to full integration 11. Migration: from a net exporter to a net importer of people 12. Social change: a new world 13. Conclusion: the next 40 years Appendix Bibliography Working Paper Forty years of democratic Spain Spain: Autonomous Communities Real Instituto Elcano - 2018 page | 5 Working Paper Forty years of democratic Spain Summary1 Whichever way one looks at it, Spain has been profoundly transformed since the 1978
    [Show full text]
  • Charlas En La Prisión - Pág
    Colección dirigida por: Alfonso C. Comín Juan N. García Nieto, Manuel Ludevid Eduardo Martín Carlos Navales Carlos Obeso. Jesús Salvador Equipo Estudios Laborales (Madrid) © by Marcelino Camacho, 1976 © de esta edición (incluida la «Carta abierta» y el diseño de la cubierta): Editorial Laia, S. A., Constitución, 18-20, Barcelona-14 Primera edición: Ediciones Ebro, París, Segunda edición (primera en España): Editorial Laia, Barcelona, mayo, 1976 Cubierta de Enric Satué Depósito legal: B. 22 788 - 1976 ISBN: 84-7222-954-8 Impreso y encuadernado en Romanyá/Valls Verdaguer, 1 - Capellades/Barcelona Printed in Spain Colección Primero de Mayo Editorial Laia Barcelona 1976 Marcelino Camacho - Charlas en la prisión - pág. 2 CARTA ABIERTA A MARCELINO CAMACHO Me pides que te haga un prólogo, y claro, esto me honra. ¿Cómo ne- garme? Y, sin embargo, ¿qué decir? ¿Quién no sabe quién eres y todo lo que eres, cuánto representas para este pueblo nuestro de cada día? Te has identificado con tu clase, de tal modo, que tú y tu clase sois una misma cosa, Marcelino. No has salido nunca por TV —¿os imagináis, Marceli- no, clase obrera, saliendo, hablando por TV, diciendo la verdad obrera por TV, clamando amnistía por TV?— y sin embargo todos os conocen, todos conocen vuestro rostro, el deje y el más leve gesto al salir de Cara- banchel y abrazar a Josefina. Marcelino Camacho, el hombre de comisiones obreras, producto de un colectivo en lucha. Tú y tu clase tenéis la densidad del Canto General de Pablo Neruda, el barro de Miguel Hernández, la vibración histórica de Dolores Ibarruri, la calidad democrática de Julián Besteiro, recuperáis la voz de anónimo urbano y el canto de siega del campo andaluz..
    [Show full text]
  • Foreign Correspondents in Francoist Spain
    Foreign correspondents in Francoist Spain (1945-1975) Tobias Reckling This thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of Portsmouth. March 2016 1 Abstract This thesis will examine the foreign press corps in Francoist Spain from 1945 until 1975. After the end of the Second World War, the Franco regime was internationally isolated as a result of its ties with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. However, the dictatorship returned to the international stage during the 1950s and managed to survive on the margins of the Cold War world order until the death of Franco in 1975. Throughout these 30 years and while never loosening its dictatorial control over Spain, the Franco regime continuously tried to improve its international position and image beyond mere toleration. Foreign correspondents were working at the centre of this balancing act. Against this backdrop, this thesis has two central aims. First, it will examine the regime’s policy towards the foreign press. The thesis will show that the Francoist authorities never fully accepted the foreign press corps’ work within Spain and tried to exercise control over the foreign press corps until the end of the regime. Throughout the regime’s internal and external development, however, the Francoist authorities adapted the means they employed. At the same time, conflicting interests and strategies within the Franco regime shaped its policy towards the foreign press. This thesis will further show that conflicts with correspondents partially had their roots in the importance of the foreign press, distributed within Spain, for the Spanish public in general and the political opposition in particular.
    [Show full text]
  • Time Is Not a Military Rank”: the Production of History and the Liberalization of the Spanish Railways by Natalia Buier
    “Time is not a military rank”: The production of history and the liberalization of the Spanish railways By Natalia Buier Submitted to Central European University Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Supervisors: Professor Don Kalb Professor Violetta Zentai CEU eTD Collection Budapest, Hungary 2016 Contents Introduction: In defense of a materialist anthropology of memory .................................................................... 5 i. Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................. 5 ii. Towards a materialist anthropology of memory ....................................................................................... 10 The production of history ......................................................................................................................................... 13 The production of history and historical memory ......................................................................................... 19 The production of history and hegemony .......................................................................................................... 25 The production of history and the anthropology of class ............................................................................ 29 A case in context ..........................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Spain's 'Pact of Silence'
    Spain’s ‘pact of silence’ and the Removal of Franco’s Statues Aleksandra Hadzelek Introduction The Spanish Law of Historical Memory, passed in 2007, is an important milestone in addressing several issues that have remained unresolved since the death of Franco, 32 years earlier. The law calls for, among other important provisions,1 the removal of all Francoist symbols from public buildings and spaces. Franco was highly visible in the public sphere, using his own images to legitimise his rule, not unlike other dictators, contemporaneous or historical. But, what makes Franco’s case so interesting, is that he remained present in the public sphere for decades after his death, due to a ‘pact of silence’ that Spanish society agreed upon at the time of transition to democracy. In Giles Tremlett’s words: for almost four decades [after his death] General Francisco Franco was someone Spaniards could not escape. He was there in school books, church prayers, statues, plaques, street names and thousands of other reminders of a violent insurrection that led to a vicious civil war. Now his face and name are being erased from public view.2 The reactions to the removal of statues, from the most publicised Madrid event in 2005 to a stream of other removals following the passing of the 2007 law, illustrate the divisions that are still present in Spanish society with regard to its recent past, and they encapsulate the main attitudes towards the re-evaluation of that past. At the core of these attitudes lies the period of transition from dictatorship to democracy, when any memories that might have provided an alternative to the official version of history, as supported by the old Francoist regime, were effectively silenced.
    [Show full text]
  • Nuestra Historia, Num. 9
    NUESTROS DOCUMENTOS «…que los trabajadores dejemos de ser extranjeros en nuestra propia patria» Javier Tébar Hurtado Universidad de Barcelona Esta pieza documental es una interven- tía para los presos políticos y denunciaban ción parlamentaria del diputado comunista la violación de los Derechos Humanos. La Marcelino Camacho Abad (La Rasa, Soria, oposición la incorporaba como un signo de 21 de enero de 1918-Madrid, 29 de octubre identidad propio. Una todavía incipiente ar- de 2010) con motivo de la discusión sobre ticulación de la unidad de la oposición con- el proyecto de Ley de Amnistía que tuvo tribuiría de manera decisiva a principios de lugar el 14 de octubre de 1977. Es un tex- la década de los setenta a la organización to breve, pero de una carga histórica nada de campañas y la extensión de las protestas menospreciable. Sobre los procesos de am- en pos de la reivindicación de la amnistía nistía política en España, los precedentes política, expresando una continuidad con históricos más inmediatos se remontan a la política de Reconciliación Nacional que los convulsos años treinta. Finalizada la el PCE había aprobado en 1956. Entre 1974 Guerra Civil, las autoridades franquistas y principios de 1976, las protestas vincula- no aprobaron amnistía alguna que benefi- das a la petición de amnistía se constitu- ciase a los derrotados del conflicto, lo que yeron en la matriz de un ciclo de protesta decretaron de manera continuada fueron que se prolongó hasta finales de la década indultos generales y medidas de gracia. De- y que fue protagonizado por la ciudadanía, fender la amnistía política constituyó una a través de diferentes grupos de activistas cuestión irrenunciable para la oposición antifranquistas, de asociaciones civiles y de antifranquista desde el fin la guerra, inter- la iglesia católica.
    [Show full text]
  • National Trade Unions and the ETUC: a History of Unity and Diversity National Trade Unions Andrea Ciampani and Pierre Tilly (Eds) and the ETUC
    European Trade Union Institute Bd du Roi Albert II, 5 1210 Brussels Belgium +32 (0)2 224 04 70 [email protected] www.etui.org National trade unions and the ETUC: A history of unity and diversity National trade unions Andrea Ciampani and Pierre Tilly (eds) and the ETUC: A follow-up to the book 1973-2013: 40 years of history of the European Trade Union Confede- ration, this publication looks more closely at how different trade union models, traditions and A history of unity and diversity cultures have come together within this organisation. — As in the first volume, the contributors take a historical perspective, highlighting the determi- Andrea Ciampani and Pierre Tilly (eds) nants, developments and legacies of the relationship that the union confederations have had with the European integration process over a forty- plus year period. The authors examine the dynamic relationship between the Brussels-based ETUC and its member organisations in ten different EU countries, within the context of the highs and lows of the European integration project. At the same time, they study the possible influence of the ETUC upon these organisations in their home countries, via the unions’ international or National trade unions and the ETUC: A history of unity and diversity Andrea Ciampani and Pierre Tilly (eds) European departments or through the feedback effects of debates at both the European and national levels. D/2017/10.574/07 ISBN 978-2-87452-430-1 National trade unions and the ETUC: A history of unity and diversity — Andrea Ciampani and Pierre Tilly
    [Show full text]
  • Boletín Informativo CC.OO. Madrid Salud
    C/ CONCORDIA, 17 28059 MADRID Teléf. 91 588 03 91 [email protected] NOVIEMBRE 2010 [email protected] [email protected] Página 1 Una vida en defensa de los trabajadores 29-10-2010. Acaba de fallecer Marcelino Camacho Abad, que fuera secretario general de la Confederación General de Comisiones Obreras desde su legalización hasta el IV Congreso, de 1987. Marcelino vivió en primera línea los momentos más decisivos que protagonizó la clase obrera en España durante el siglo XX. Es, sin ningún género de dudas, un símbolo del trabajo y del sindicalis- mo de la historia reciente de nuestro país. Nació en Osma la Rasa (Soria) en 1918. Hijo de ferroviario, al abandonar la escuela comenzó a formarse para acceder al mismo oficio que su padre, pero le atrapó la Guerra Civil. Cruzó las líneas y en Madrid se incorporó al ejercitó leal para defender el régi- men legítima y legalmente constituido: la Segunda República. Terminada la guerra, como todos lo combatientes y militantes obreros comprometidos con al República, Marcelino -que había ingresado en el PCE en 1935- conoció en propia carne la feroz repre- sión que desencadenó el general Franco para exterminar a los vencidos. Fue apresado y enviado a campos de trabajo forzado en el norte de África. Se evadió, refugiándose en Argelia, donde conoció a su compañera, Josefina Samper, con la que tuvo dos hijos, Marcel y Yenia. En ese periodo se formó como profesional de oficio de la metalurgia. Aprovechando un indulto, volvió a España en 1957, estableciéndose en Madrid e ingresando en la fábrica de motores Perkins Hispania.
    [Show full text]
  • The Volunteer
    The Volunteer Published As A Public Service By The VETERANS OF THE ABRAHAM LINCOLN BRIGADE 799 Broadway, N Y. C. 10003 DECEMBER, 1975 Franco’s last days Editor's Note: This article was written and went to press shortly before Franco's death. By ROBERT G. COLODNY The corpse of Generalissimo Franco is being kept pulsating Camacho and 2 freed by an array of machines and a phalanx of doctors. For some Early on a Sunday morning, November 30, shortly after midnight, Marcelino weeks now, workmen have been Camacho Abat, 57-year-old organizer of Spanish Workers' Commissions, quarrying in the granite bowels was freed from Carabanchel prison, just outside Madrid. Two other members of the Valley of the Fallen pre- of the "Carabanchel Ten", Nicolas Sartorius Alvarez, a 37-year-old journalist paring for the entombment. The and Juan Marcos Muniz Zapico, a 37-year-old metallurgist, were released at most recent victims of the the same time. Regime, butchered by the orders They were freed under a decree signed by Juan Carlos on November 25, of Franco's would-be successors the so-called amnesty decree granting a limited pardon to political and have been buried, but not common-law prisoners. without a response from Europe Later in the morning the three men appeared at a news conference in Madrid where they demanded full amnesty for all political prisoners and Continued on page 11 declared they would help promote a "nonviolent" campaign in the streets, in the factories, and in the schools, to achieve that end. In reply to questions, they said that it is expected that only a fraction of the 260 political prisoners believed to be held in Carabanchel would be freed and that only a few As we go to press further hundred of the estimated thousands imprisoned throughout Spain, would be confirmation of the released.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 6 Iberian Trade Unions and the ETUC: from the Periphery to the Centre
    Iberian trade unions and the ETUC Chapter 6 Iberian trade unions and the ETUC: from the periphery to the centre Sigfrido M. Ramírez Pérez 1. Transition and rupture: the transnational influence of the ETUC in southern European countries in transition (1973–1982) The first central question in the relationship between the ETUC and Iberian trade unions is related to the impact provided for European trade unions on the different transitions to democracy of the two countries, which coincided with the first steps of the ETUC. How were the relations between the new European confederation and the clandestine trade unions in exile or born under dictatorship? How did they contribute to their consolidation during the democratisation process? These are the questions discussed in Section 1, which also briefly introduces the future members of the ETUC. It will be demonstrated that if in 1973 they were marginal in ETUC decision-making, in less than a decade Iberian trade unions became one of its major concerns, to such an extent that they brought the ETUC into an identity crisis on the question of ac- cepting the membership of major Iberian trade unions. This chapter also reveals the high politicisation and Europeanisation of trade unions during a period of social and economic turmoil and geopolitical transformation, which made possible in the course of a decade a fundamental political shift in the southern European countries from dictatorship to democracy before acceding to the European Communities. 1.1. UGT and ELA-STV: pioneers marked by exile and the Cold War When the ETUC was constituted in Brussels on 8 February 1973, the historical Spanish trade union, the Unión General de Trabajadores (General Union of Workers – UGT), National trade unions and the ETUC: A history of unity and diversity 139 Sigfrido M.
    [Show full text]
  • PROTECTING ECONOMIC REFORM by SEEKING MEMBERSHIP in LIBERAL INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS DISSERTATION Presented in Fulfillment Of
    PROTECTING ECONOMIC REFORM BY SEEKING MEMBERSHIP IN LIBERAL INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS DISSERTATION Presented in Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School at The Ohio State University By Louise M. Steen-Sprang, M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 2003 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Brian M. Pollins, Adviser Professor Richard Herrmann _______________________ Adviser Professor Timothy Frye Political Science Graduate Program ABSTRACT Domestic leaders use international institutions to increase their domestic political power and protect favored policies. During economic transformation, governments can protect reform policies by seeking membership in an international organization with specific liberal membership requirements. The accession process into such an organization binds governments to reform policies and increases their ability to withstand attempts by reform opponents to weaken the reform process. Two approaches from the literature on economic transformation yield competing hypotheses predicting when governments will use the accession process to protect economic reform. The dominant J- curve approach predicts that reforming governments seek outside help during economic transformation when short-term losers threaten reform success. Short-term losers pose this threat when they are able to hold the government highly accountable to the general public, act as veto-players, or use mass uprisings against reform policies. According to the partial reform approach, reforming governments seek outside help during economic transformation when short-term winners, not losers, threaten reform success. Short-term winners pose this threat when public officials prevent reform policies from being implemented or the government is not accountable to the general populace. ii The competing hypotheses are tested using duration analysis and six comparative case studies.
    [Show full text]