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The Influence of Local Literary Environment to the Modern Poetry And Випуск 15. Том 1 РОЗДІЛ 10 ЛІТЕРАТУРА ЗАРУБІЖНИХ КРАЇН UDC 82-1; 82:801.6; 82-1/-9 DOI https://doi.org/10.32782/tps2663-4880/2021.15.44 THE INFLUENCE OF LOCAL LITERARY ENVIRONMENT TO THE MODERN POETRY AND PROSE OF THE MOUNTAIN JEWS ВПЛИВ МІСЦЕВОГО ЛІТЕРАТУРНОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА НА СУЧАСНУ ПОЕЗІЮ ТА ПРОЗУ ГІРСЬКИХ ЄВРЕЇВ Alikhanova Ayna, orcid.org/0000-0001-9674-6584 Doctoral Student at the Literature Department National Museum of Azerbaijan Literature named after Nizami Ganjavi Fiction is the most understandable, clear and beautiful – valuable example of cultural dialogue. In response to our centuries-old features of hospitality, kindness, humanism (ungrateful, sad, different from the Armenian character), mountain Jews responded with the same love and affection they always received from the local population in different parts of Azerbaijan. They also expressed these feelings in poetry and prose. The authors who study the culture, spiritual values, literature and poetry of Mountain Jews, of course, do it on the basis of historical periods and conditions. They also paid attention to the life and ethnography of Mountain Jews living in Azerbaijan. Ethnographer IS Anisimov, a mountain Jew by nationality, as a number of travelers and missionaries of the XIX century, said that the main factor in the preservation of Mountain Jews' existence was the preservation of “general jewish” traditions no matter how far away from their historical homeland, they show that they are reflected in literary-artistic examples. Indeed, as we study and read the examples of fiction created by Mountain Jews in different parts of Azerbaijan over the past centuries and before, it is impossible not to feel the “Jewish identity” that retains so many archaic features in the smallest piece of poetry. The history, language, literature, folklore, theater, dance, and music of Mountain Jews are extremely national in color, as well as a collection of works of art that have benefited from the local culture of ancient Azerbaijan, where they lived and had a close friendship and brotherhood relations. One of the main points in the study of the literature of mountain Jews living in Azerbaijan in the XX century is that the representatives of this talented people living in our country, regardless of their work or profession, have a high poetic spirit, artistic thinking, devotion to poetry and art, and often write poems in this spirit. It is rightly said that the greatest mission of a true poet and artist, as a believer, is to serve the development of friendship, communication, peace and mutual love between nations. Representatives of mountain Jews literature living in Azerbaijan turned to a great treasure to cope with this sacred mission with dignity, and managed to bring to the new generation of Jewish literature and poetry what they learned with love and respect from the rich, ancient literary school of the land they studied. In that life, people live freely and peacefully, without war, without any discrimination. Mountain Jews literature, which is a branch of modern Azerbaijani literature living in the second decade of the XXI century, also gives a wide place in its works to the motives corresponding to the existing historical conditions. Key words: Azerbaijan, mountain Jews, tolerant, modern, literature, poetry, prose, humanism, culture, friendship. Художня література – це найбільш зрозумілий, цінний приклад культурного діалогу. У відповідь на наші багато- вікові риси гостинності, доброти, гуманізму (невдячного, сумного, відмінного від вірменського характеру) гірські євреї відповідали такою ж любов’ю та прихильністю, яку вони завжди отримували від місцевого населення в різних частинах Азербайджану. Вони також виражали ці почуття в поезії та прозі. Автори, які вивчають культуру, духовні цінності, літературу та поезію гірських євреїв, звичайно, роблять це на основі історичних періодів та умов. Вони також звернули увагу на життя та етнографію гірських євреїв, які прожи- вають в Азербайджані. Етнограф І.С. Анісімов, гірський єврей за національністю, як ряд мандрівників та місіонерів XIX століття, сказав, що головним фактором збереження існування гірських євреїв було збереження «загальноєв- рейських» традицій, незалежно від того, наскільки далеко від них свою історичну батьківщину, вони показують, що вони відображені на літературно-художніх прикладах. Дійсно, коли ми вивчаємо та читаємо приклади художньої літератури, створені гірськими євреями в різних частинах Азербайджану за минулі століття та раніше, неможливо не відчути «єврейської ідентичності», яка зберігає стільки архаїчних рис у найменшому вірші. Історія, мова, літе- ратура, фольклор, театр, танці та музика гірських євреїв надзвичайно національні за кольором, а також колекція творів мистецтва, які отримали користь від місцевої культури стародавнього Азербайджану, де вони жили та мали тісні дружні та братські стосунки. Одним із основних моментів у вивченні літератури гірських євреїв, які проживали в Азербайджані в XX столітті, є те, що представники цього талановитого народу, що мешкає в нашій країні, незалежно від своєї роботи чи професії мають високий поетичний дух, художнє мислення, відданість поезії та мистецтву і часто пишуть вірші в цьому дусі. 236 Закарпатські філологічні студії Слушно кажуть, що найбільшою місією справжнього поета і художника, як віруючого, є служіння розвитку дружби, спілкування, миру та взаємної любові між народами. Представники гірської єврейської літератури, що мешкають в Азербайджані, звернулись до великого скарбу, щоб гідно впоратися з цією священною місією, і зуміли донести до нового покоління єврейської літератури та поезії те, що вони з любов’ю та повагою дізналися від бага- тої, давньої літературної школи землі, яку вони вивчали. У цьому житті люди живуть вільно і мирно, без війни, без будь-якої дискримінації. Гірська єврейська література, яка є галуззю сучасної азербайджанської літератури, що жила у другому деся- тилітті XXI століття, також у своїх творах відводить широке місце мотивам, що відповідають існуючим історичним умовам. Ключові слова: Азербайджан, гірські євреї, толерантний, сучасний, література, поезія, проза, гуманізм, куль- тура, дружба. Introduction. Mountain Jews got acquainted with archaic features in the smallest piece of poetry. The Azerbaijani literature, read famous poets of Russian history, language, literature, folklore, theater, dance, and world literature and benefited from their works. and music of Mountain Jews are extremely national The poems of Pushkin and Lermontov touched our in color, as well as a collection of works of art that hearts. Who was not inspired by Nizami, Khagani, have benefited from the local culture of ancient Nasimi, Fuzuli, Vahid ghazals, poems by Vagif, Zakir, Azerbaijan, where they lived and had a close friend- Sabir, Samad Vurgun, Rasul Rza, Mikail Mushfig? ship and brotherhood relations. Fiction is the most understandable, clear and beau- Thanks to the intelligence and skills of Mountain tiful – valuable example of cultural dialogue. In Jews in Azerbaijan, not only the right to life in response to our centuries-old features of hospitality, this country, the formation of brotherhood rela- kindness, humanism (ungrateful, sad, different from tions, but also closely involved in the cultural life the Armenian character), mountain Jews responded of the Azerbaijani people and maintaining its iden- with the same love and affection they always tity, gaining the authority to represent part of its cul- received from the local population in different parts ture. As Master Shahriyar said: of Azerbaijan. They also expressed these feelings in Poet is the voice of people, voice of century, poetry and prose. He is the white-haired commander of the homeland. The mountain Jewish poet Ibrahim Dagli, who Mountain Jews have brought up poets, writers grew up in Oguz, confirms what we said in his book and artists who have created literary and artistic “My Life Memories”. In this preface he makes four examples that have a place and trace in the history, main recommendations to the reader and his children. words and art of the country where they have lived Remembering God first and asking Him for mercy; for centuries. The second is to be sober, patient, and discreet; Special attention should be paid to the work The third desire is to be full, kind and sweet; And of the poet Simakh Sheyda while speaking about the fourth must be able to be grateful. “I am grateful the place, position of the mountain Jews living to all the kind and compassionate people, especially in Azerbaijan in the literature of the XX century, to the people of Azerbaijan, where we have lived the use of the local literary environment. The poet, together, using our land, water, air, traditions, culture, who writes mainly children's poems, attracts atten- educational institutions and other means of life, from tion with his creativity, poems, misconceptions, fairy our ancient grandparents” [1, p. 6]. tales, instructiveness, writing in simple folk language The authors who study the culture, spiritual values, and easy memorization. Simakh Sheyda was born literature and poetry of Mountain Jews, of course, do in Ganja, the land of Nizami. His childhood years it on the basis of historical periods and conditions. were spent in the fertile lands of Ganja, in the bosom They also paid attention to the life and ethnography of the beauties of Goygol, Kapaz and Hajikand. The of Mountain Jews living in Azerbaijan. Ethnographer local people often did not separate S. Sheyda, who IS Anisimov, a mountain Jew
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