Hiv/Aids Basics for Ngos and Family Planning Program Managers
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THE CEDPA TRAINING MANUAL SERIES family planning plus: hiv/aids basics for ngos and family planning program managers Integrating Reproductive Health and HIV/AIDS for NGOs, FBOs & CBOs Vol. I THE enable PROJECT ENABLING CHANGE FOR WOMEN'S THE CENTRE FOR DEVELOPMENT REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AND POPULATION ACTIVITIES Family Planning Plus: HIV/AIDS Basics for Non-Governmental Organizations and Family Planning Program Managers Integrating Reproductive Health and HIV/AIDS for Non-Governmental Organizations, Faith-Based Organizations and Community-Based Organizations Volume I Family Planning Plus: HIV/AIDS Basics for NGOs and Family Planning Program Managers Authors Kathleen Callahan, MA Laurette Cucuzza, MPH This publication was supported by the United States Agency for International Development under Cooperative Agreement # HRN-A-00-98-00009-00. The contents of this document do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Agency for International Development or The Centre for Development and Population Activities (CEDPA). ii Family Planning Plus Abbreviations AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ARV Antiretroviral CEDPA The Centre for Development and Population Activities HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus MTCT Mother-to-Child Transmission NGO Non-Governmental Organization PLWHA People Living with HIV/AIDS RH Reproductive Health STI Sexually Transmitted Infection WHO World Health Organization UNAIDS Joint United Nations Program on AIDS UNDP United Nations Development Programme USAID United States Agency for International Development VCT Voluntary Counseling and Testing Overview iii Acknowledgements Headquartered in Washington, DC, The Centre for Development and Population Activities (CEDPA) is an international nonprofit organization that seeks to empower women at all levels of society to be full partners in development. Founded in 1975, CEDPA supports programs and training in leadership, capacity building, advocacy, governance and civil society, youth participation, and reproductive health. The Enabling Change for Women’s Reproductive Health (ENABLE) project works to strengthen women’s capabilities for informed and autonomous decision-making to prevent unintended pregnancy and improve reproductive health. Begun in 1998, ENABLE seeks to increase the capacity of NGO networks to expand reproductive health services and to promote a supportive environment for women’s decision-making. ENABLE is implemented by CEDPA under Cooperative Agreement HRN-A-00-98-00009-00 with the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), and we thank USAID for making this series of manuals possible. Acknowledgment and thanks must be given to the various organizations and individuals whose resources and knowledge helped make this manual possible. Sources for technical information include the World Health Organization, UNAIDS, and R. Arnold’s Educating for a Change. In addition, many activities were adapted from and inspired by the Peace Corps Life Skills Manual. Our thanks also go to Robert Kelly, Nancy McCharen, Margaret Marshall, Lakshmi Goparaju, Faria Zaman, Vicky Wells, and Lucy Owusu-Darko for their support and contributions. Kathleen Callahan Laurette Cucuzza Consultant Advisor, RH/HIV/AIDS Integration CEDPA/Washington, DC iv Family Planning Plus Table of Contents Family Planning Plus: HIV/AIDS Basics for NGOs and Family Planning Program Managers Volume I Abbreviations .............................................................................................................................iii Acknowledgements.................................................................................................................... iv Overview Methodology ...............................................................................................................................II Evaluation ...................................................................................................................................II Learning Objectives .................................................................................................................. III How the Manual Is Organized .................................................................................................. IV Sample Training Schedule ........................................................................................................VI Chapter 1 Impact of HIV/AIDS Introduction..............................................................................................................................1-3 Activities and Handouts for Impact of HIV/AIDS ...............................................................1-11 Chapter 2 Transmission of HIV/AIDS Introduction............................................................................................................................2-23 Activities and Handouts for Transmission of HIV ...............................................................2-32 Chapter 3 HIV Prevention Introduction............................................................................................................................3-55 Activities and Handouts for HIV Prevention.........................................................................3-63 Alternate Activities and Handouts .......................................................................................3-90 Chapter 4 HIV/AIDS and the Immune System Introduction............................................................................................................................4-99 Activities and Handouts for HIV/AIDS and the Immune System .....................................4-106 Chapter 5 Disease Progression Introduction..........................................................................................................................5-119 Activities and Handouts for Disease Progression ................................................................5-126 Overview v Chapter 6 Living with HIV/AIDS Introduction..........................................................................................................................6-151 Activities and Handouts for Living with HIV/AIDS ...........................................................6-158 Chapter 7 HIV/AIDS in Our Lives and Our Community Introduction..........................................................................................................................7-167 Activities and Handouts for the HIV/AIDS in Our Lives and Our Community..................7-173 Alternate Activities and Handouts .......................................................................................7-185 Appendices Appendix I: References and Resources.................................................................................I-191 Appendix II: Evaluation...................................................................................................... II-193 vi Family Planning Plus Overview The International Conference on Population and Development in Cairo in 1994 was a watershed point in the history of reproductive health. At Cairo, the thinking about population and development underwent a major change. From the previous focus on “population control,” focus shifted to the interrelation of population, sustainable development, and economic growth, and advances in the education, economic status, and empowerment of women. Women’s groups, nongovernmental organizations, and other members of civil society pressed for a new, holistic interpretation of reproductive health that focused on the individual’s needs and desires throughout the life cycle. The Centre for Development and Population Activities (CEDPA) has subscribed to this holistic view for many years. CEDPA’s mission is to empower women at all levels of society to be full partners in development with men, creating a sustainable future for themselves, their families, communities and nations. CEDPA’s strategies for empowerment include building the capacities of individuals and NGOs; mobilizing political and economic participation at the community, national, regional, and international levels; establishing gender-sensitive and inclusive reproductive health programs; and involving youth in development. All CEDPA activities are designed to advance gender equality and equity, and to facilitate the economic and political participation of under-served groups. Given the call to action from Cairo, the ENABLE Project was designed “to strengthen women’s capabilities for informed and autonomous decision-making to prevent unintended pregnancy and improve reproductive health.” Through partner NGO networks, women have greater access to high-quality, integrated family planning, reproductive and child health services and an enabling environment. ENABLE has many partners through which integrated reproductive health services are provided. In the countries where ENABLE works, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, it is imperative to address the growing HIV/AIDS pandemic that affects the reproductive health of women, men, and youth, by including HIV/AIDS prevention and care in reproductive health and family planning projects. As part of ENABLE’s strategic response to the HIV/AIDS pandemic, the project has developed a series of manuals for use in building the capacity of nongovernmental organizations, faith-based groups, and communities. This curriculum was developed to provide staff of nongovernmental organizations and the community at large a deeper understanding of the dynamics and effects of the disease, and to sensitize them to the current issues