FALL 2018 VOL.4/NO.2 $9.95 US/$10.95 CANADA

THE MAGAZINE OF GLOBAL DOCUMENTARY ZEKEPublished by Social Documentary Network

FEATURED ARTICLES

WHERE THE RIVER RUNS THROUGH THE EROSION OF THE AMAZON RAINFOREST Photographs by Aaron Vincent Elkaim RHYTHM OF THE SEASONS TRAVELING NORTH WITH THE LAST INUIT HUNTERS Photographs by Philippe Geslin LIFE AND WAR IN Photographs by Michele Cirillo, Aude Osnowycz, Jan Zychlinski 1 / ZEKE FALL 2018 FALL 2018 VOL.4/NO.2 $9.95 US/$10.95 CANADA

THE MAGAZINE OF GLOBAL DOCUMENTARY ZEKE Published by Social Documentary Network Dear ZEKE Readers: Ten Years of Telling Truth

2 | RHYTHM OF THE SEASONS his issue of ZEKE is devoted to the exploration of post-truth. It was ten years ago this month that the Social TRAVELING NORTH WITH THE LAST INUIT HUNTERS The abuse of truth is nothing new, and in itself would not lead Documentary Network (SDN) launched a website at Photographs by Philippe Geslin to rebranding our era with this moniker. But combined with an the PhotoPlus Expo at the Jacob Javits Center in New Text by Tori Marlan internet filled with untruths that are swaying public opinion, York. A decade later, we have presented more than mainstream media such as Fox News or RT (Russia Today) 3,000 documentary exhibits by more than 2,000 Tmaking up “facts,” and a new skepticism of science at a time when photographers from all parts of the exploring 18 WHERE THE RIVER RUNS THROUGH climate change is burning and flooding our planet, the bedrock belief in hundreds of diverse themes. We have also have had Philippe Geslin | objectivity is on dangerously shaky ground. gallery exhibitions in locations across the US and No event in recent history illustrates this better, and more THE EROSION OF THE AMAZON RAINFOREST in Europe. We have hosted educational programs dangerously, than the confirmation of Brett Kavanaugh to the Photographs by Aaron Vincent Elkaim involving world renowned photographers. We continue US Supreme Court following blistering and divisive testimony by to be a strong voice for documentary photography. Text by Enrique Gili Kavanaugh and his accuser, Dr. Christine Blasey Ford. Each is 100% And in 2015, we took a bold step to launch this certain about what happened or didn’t happen. How can this be? magazine. Either one of them is lying or one actually and erroneously believes their 36 | LIFE AND WAR IN UKRAINE In the ten years since we launched SDN, Photographs by Michele Cirillo, Aude Osnowycz, statement because of faulty memory. But they both cannot be right as much as 1+1 cannot equal 3. While I find Ford a credible witness, and digital photography has made the truthfulness of Jan Zychlinski Kavanaugh less so, facts were in short supply in this debate. a photograph more suspect than ever. In fact a Text by Glenn Ruga Today it is too common for two sides of a debate to have photograph today is of little more use as evidence than diametrically opposed understanding of facts with each side being an illustration. But an important concept behind SDN 100% certain about being right. is that a documentary project is never about just one Aaron Vincent Elkaim 30 | Award Winners I first experienced this slippery slope on truth when in 1995 I image. Rather it is about an investigation involving traveled to Bosnia during the end of a genocidal war and listened many images from many angles, often over a period to testimony of Bosnian Muslims and Bosnian Serbs, each of whom of months or years. Quality documentary investigation 34 | Interview with Reza were convinced of the veracity of their narrative. In 1994, the often involves a deep commitment by the photographer by Caterina Clerici Muslim residents of Sarajevo were 100% certain that it was the Serb to research the historical backgrounds and current nationalists who bombed the downtown marketplace killing 68 civilians political climate of their themes. In other instances, it 54 | Image in the Era of Post-Truth and the Serbs were just as sure that it was the Bosnian government that involves capturing the personal stories of the subjects. by Fred Ritchin did it in order to gain international support for their cause. Unlike the In Fred Ritchin’s article in this issue, “Image Kavanaugh hearings, facts were available and numerous international in the Era of ‘Post-Truth’“ he makes the case that experts came to a unanimous conclusion that it was Serb nationalists documentary photographers today are using a more 58 Book Reviews Jan Zychlinski | perched on high ground above Sarajevo who did this heinous act. But it conceptual approach because the obvious approach was an eye opener for me to hear first-hand Serb nationalists deny their of just relying on photographic evidence is no longer 63 | What’s Hot involvement with “100%” certainty. credible. In recent years we have seen many of the Trending Photographers on SDN I would hate to conclude that all truth is relative because I strongly photographers on SDN doing exactly this and we On the Cover believe in the rule of law based on evidence, science based on research, encourage more of this type of exploration. Photograph by Aaron Vincent Elkaim and that objective truth is essential for justice to prevail in this world. SDN is proud to be celebrating our tenth from Where the River Runs Through: I am very grateful to the photographers in this issue of ZEKE for The Erosion of the Amazon Rainforest, anniversary and ten years of telling truth. We want to presenting truths about the themes they explore and also to Fred Ritchin featured in this issue of ZEKE. Elkaim is thank and celebrate the thousands of photographers the winner of Social Documentary Net- for his essay on “Image in the Era of Post-Truth.” who trust us to present their stories to the world and work’s Call for Entries on Documentary in the Era of Post-Truth. Glenn Ruga we look forward to another decade of collaboration. Reza Executive Editor

ZEKE FALL 2018/ 1 In the heart of Greenland, the world’s largest island, at the confluence of the bays of Melville and Baffin, are the last Inuit hunters. They still live to the rhythm of the seasons, the ice pack and the sea, the storms and the cold. They are looking for the presence of seals. Everything seems unresolved for these northern peoples living in the least populated land, where RHYTHM OF THE SEASONS three quarters of the territory is covered by once permanent ice sheets and glaciers TRAVELING NORTH WITH THE LAST INUIT HUNTERS that are now beginning to melt due to climate change. Photographs by Philippe Geslin Philippe Geslin is an ethnologist, anthro- pologist and photographer. “Each of my travels is a new beginning, an almost stubbornness. I am taking time, as a sensi- tive, curious and demanding vagabond to unfold the territories of beings and things, to reveal the backstage, to follow the meanders, to restore the sensible, the harmless. In these distant lands, it is in the imperceptible and the tenuous that we seize the universe.” Philippe uses photog- raphy as a mode of literary expression as he tries to give an accurate account of everyday life of small communities from the last hunter-gatherers of East Africa and the Maasai breeders in Tanzania to the last Inuit hunters in Greenland. “The Inuit here have so much to teach us—we who keep nature at a distance and pay the heavy price for it.”

Iceberg in Nutaarmiut Bay, Upernavik District, northwest Greenland.

2 / ZEKE FALL 2018 ZEKE FALL 2018/ 3 Lars Jensen coming from a dog sled race, Kullorsuaq, Upernavik District, northwest Greenland. Photograph by Philippe Geslin

4 / ZEKE FALL 2018 ZEKE FALL 2018/ 5 Summer Sky. Upernavik City, northwest Greenland. Photograph by Philippe Geslin

6 / ZEKE FALL 2018 ZEKE FALL 2018/ 7 Ole Eliassen coming back from a seal hunt, Kullorsuaq, Upernavik District, northwest Greenland. Photograph by Philippe Geslin

8 / ZEKE APRILFALL 2018 2015 ZEKEZEKE APRIL FALL 2015/2018/ 9 Helicopter landing. Nusuaq, Upernavik District, northwest Greenland. Photograph by Philippe Geslin

10 // ZEKE APRILFALL 2018 2015 ZEKEZEKE APRIL FALL 2015/2018/ 11 Ole Eliassen looking at seal nets on pack ice. Kullorsuaq, Upernavik District, northwest Greenland. Photograph by Philippe Geslin

12 // ZEKE APRILFALL 2018 2015 ZEKEZEKE APRIL FALL 2015/2018/ 13 Lars Jensen preparing a bear skin for drying, Kullorsuaq, Upernavik District, northwest Greenland. Photograph by Philippe Geslin

14 // ZEKE APRILFALL 2018 2015 ZEKEZEKE APRIL FALL 2015/2018/ 15 “The perpetrators thought that they were untouchable, that nothing would happen to them. The tipping point that we are now talking about is the change of that culture.” Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka Executive Director of UN Women

Inuit communities across the Though seal hunting is still they can “fill their freezers for Other activist groups took Seasonal ice coverage is Arctic have experienced rapid, the winters.” up the mantle when new also an issue. Rosing says the dramatic changes to their widely practiced and remains Younger generations, espe- markets opened in the 2000s sea used to freeze in October way of life. Health and social central to Inuit identity and cially city dwellers, do that less in countries such as Russia and where he hunts. Now that hap- problems have ensued, includ- culture, it is no longer a often. Hunting territories near . The market’s revival pens in December or January. ing increased rates of poverty, cities can get crowded. “Think was short-lived. Russia out- In some regions, the ice disap- alcoholism, alcohol-related means of survival—or, even, also smart phones and the lawed the baby harp seal hunt, pears by April, when it used to violence, and suicide. a viable profession. digital revolution,” says Huctin, and the EU extended its ban to stay solid until June or July. Though seal hunting is still pointing out that, like people all seal products, with an Inuit As the habitat and behavior widely practiced and remains Today, about a quarter of everywhere, many are now exemption. Reeling from histori- of marine animals change as central to Inuit identity and Greenland’s 56,000 residents drawn to activities that keep cal damage, Canadian and a result of climate change, so culture, it is no longer a means call the capital city, Nuuk, them indoors. Greenlandic Inuit sued the EU, does hunters’ access to them. of survival—or, even, a viable home. The rest live in coastal For Larsen—who hasn’t to no avail. Hunters must travel farther profession. towns and small settlements, hunted in 15 years and eats The EU ban—and vocal offshore by boat in summer, “Maybe there are still a few some with populations under mostly store-bought items— Inuit opposition to it— spending more money on gas full-time seal hunters with wives 100 people. Most settlements traditional foods, such as seal, persists. Even if it were to be and more time on the hunt. who work in schools or hotels, are shrinking, as people leave whale skin, or reindeer, are overturned, it is doubtful that The Inuit are well-acquainted where she makes the money,” for educational institutions or to considered a treat. subsistence hunting could ever with climatic variations. Some says University of Versailles be near hospitals. Nuuk, whose “We still crave for make a comeback. speak of a time in the 1920s or anthropologist Jean-Michel population almost doubled Greenlandic food when we 30s when the sea didn’t freeze Huctin. But in Greenland, he from 1979 to 2014, now has have not had, for example, at all. But disruptions to their says, most have moved on to gourmet restaurants, hotels, a seal for a period,” he says. Climate Change routines come rapidly now, and fishing. university, museums, and an “Then it is always good to Arctic seals need thick ice. more often. This presents chal- Rosing is one of them. international airport. know someone who hunts.” They find food near it, and they lenges, but also opportunities Though he sells seal meat to Knud Geisler Larsen, use it as a platform on which to for a culture that’s survived by THE nursing homes and municipal a teacher in the town of rest, give birth, and nurse their being adaptive. institutions, he also relies on Upernavik, says that many Politicization young. In southern parts of income from fishing, Green- residents “lived mainly by Animal protection and conser- Hunters also need the ice to Greenland, where the climate land’s main industry. hunting and fishing when they vation groups launched wildly be thick—to support the weight supports agriculture, the grow- Across the Arctic, subsis- lived in the villages” but now effective anti-sealing campaigns of their dogs or snowmobiles. ing season has lengthened. tence seal hunting has been work wage-based jobs. in the 1970s and 80s. Global Nowadays they regularly New crops, such as potatoes, declining for decades, facing “It’s hard to be a hunter governments responded to the encounter ice that’s broken, too are now grown locally. Some n the ice-covered island the triple threat of moderniza- today without having access campaigns. The US banned thin, or watery for hunting safely. small-scale mining is taking INUITAND THE DECLINE OF of Greenland, in remote tion, politicization, and climate to some kind of salary or seal products in 1972. Europe Last year was the sec- place, and the prospect of a regions inhospitable to change. income,” says Søren Thue followed suit a few years later, ond warmest on record in growing industry makes some agriculture, Inuit commu- Thuesen, associate profes- banning products made from the Arctic. According to a hopeful that it will provide SUBSISTENCE SEAL nities of the past endured sor of Eskimology and Arctic seal pups. Global demand for 2017 report by the National good jobs for younger genera- and thrived by relying on Modernization studies at the University of sealskin plummeted, and the Oceanic and Atmospheric tions. Oevery part of the seal. The meat Life changed significantly for Copenhagen. commercial market—which Administration, the ocean tem- provided protein and nutrients; Greenlanders after Danish That’s partly because hunt- enabled Inuit hunters to be perature continues to rise, and HUNTING IN GREENLAND ing requires capital investment. the skins, warm clothing and colonial rule ended and the economically self-sufficient in sea ice gets thinner every year. boots; the blubber, oil for lamps. island became part of Inuit hunters have incorporated the modern era—collapsed. Bones and sinew became tools in 1953. Policies promoting modern technologies into their Although the activists had and thread. cultural assimilation forced the practice ever since they pro- meant to target Canadian By Tori Marlan Historically, subsistence Inuit, the majority population, cured rifles at colonial trading commercial sealers, Inuit com- hunters provided for their from their seasonal settlements posts. Today snowmobiles and munities—who hunt sustainably families while sharing the (which were formed accord- boats with outboard motors are (and don’t hunt pups)—suffered rewards of seal hunting with ing to migratory paths of the common in most regions, and grave cultural and economic their communities. They partici- animals they hunted) into hunters across the Arctic use injury. Photographs by Philippe Geslin pated in the global economy permanent ones—and, as a satellite phones and GPS units From 1983 to 1985, the as early as the 18th century, consequence, into town-based to improve safety. average income of a seal bringing sealskins to colonial jobs. Modernization continued This equipment is expensive, hunter in Resolute Bay, an Inuit trading posts. at a faster pace after Denmark and many can only continue hamlet in the Canadian Arctic, Today, as always, “seals are granted Greenland self-gover- hunting by working day jobs. dropped from $54,000 to very important for Inuit,” says nance in 1979 and the island They hunt now on weekends or $1,000. Hans Rosing, an Inuit hunter. took control of its internal holidays or whenever they have “Greenpeace apologized, But since the mid-20th century, affairs. spare time, says Thuesen, so but it was too late,” says Huctin.

16 / ZEKE FALL 2018 ZEKE FALL 2018/ 17 WHERE THE RIVER RUNS THROUGH THE EROSION OF THE AMAZON RAINFOREST Photographs by Aaron Vincent Elkaim

n 2007, Brazil’s President Lula da impacting the water quality and affecting the Silva announced the construction of health of the community. over 60 major hydroelectric projects Aaron Vincent Elkaim is a documentary in the Amazon rainforest, with Belo photographer currently based in Toronto, Monte Dam at the forefront. The energy Canada. He studied cultural anthropology generated would fuel mining initiatives at the University of Manitoba and later Iand power cities thousands of miles away. pursued . His clients include Nearing completion, Belo Monte will be The New Yorker, The New York Times, TIME the fourth largest dam in the world. It has Magazine, The Wall Street Journal, HUCK, displaced over 20,000 people. Indigenous Macleans, The Canadian Press and The groups such as the Xilkrin are strongly resist- Globe and Mail. ing the building of these dams. In January Since 2011, he has committed himself 2018, the Brazilian government announced to exploring narratives where people still a major shift away from its policy of building connected to the natural world are being mega-dams in the Brazilian Amazon, a result impacted by industrial development. He co- of the staggering environmental and social founded the Boreal Collective, a team of 12 costs. internationally-based photojournalists. While Hydroelectric dams are touted as clean highlighting important human and environ- and renewable sources of energy, but large mental issues, Aaron addresses the need to dams are often anything but, with hundreds protect the natural world by revealing our of square miles of land flooded and complex profound connection to it. river ecosystems permanently transformed. In the Amazon, they release huge amounts of methane, a powerful greenhouse gas, while new infrastructure opens the forest to increased logging, mining, and agriculture. The result is the erosion of the Amazon rain- Munduruku women bathe and do forest and the sacrifice of communities that laundry in a creek by the village of depend on the river and forest ecosystems Sawre Muybu, on the Tapajós River for their way of life. The emergency plans in Para, Brazil. The Munduruku are a tribe of 13,000 people who created devastating impacts on the cus- live traditionally along the river toms and way of life of these self-sustaining and depend on fishing and the cultures. The Bacaja River, a tributary of the river ecosystem for their livelihood. Xingu River that the people depend upon for They have been fighting against fish and transportation, has severely dried government plans to construct a since the completion of the Belo Monte Dam, number of hydroelectric dams on the Tapajos River in the Amazon rainforest that would flood much of their traditional lands.

18 / ZEKE FALL 2018 ZEKE FALL 2018/ 19 A fire lit by a rancher burns on the side of highway BR-163, A Munduruku indigenous girl with her pet monkey in the vil- north of Novo Progresso, Para, Brazil. The BR-163 runs lage of Sawre Muybu, on the Tapajós River in Para, Brazil, from the agricultural state of Mato Grosso to the transport in traditional paint preceding a ceremony the day after an hub of Santarem in Para, Brazil. From there, soy and corn action in coordination with Greenpeace in protest of plans are exported by boat through the Amazon River to inter- to construct a series of hydroelectric dams on their river in national markets. The opening of the highway has created Para, Brazil. The Munduruku are a tribe of 13,000 people widespread deforestation in the Amazon, with about 95 who live traditionally along the river and depend on fishing percent of all deforestation occurring within 50 kilometers of and the river ecosystem for their livelihood. highways or roads. Photograph by Aaron Vincent Elkaim Photograph by Aaron Vincent Elkaim

20 // ZEKE APRILFALL 2018 2015 ZEKEZEKE APRIL FALL 2015/2018/ 21 Juruna from the Paquicamba Indigenous Reserve at a public A child from the Xikrin village of “Pot crô” on the banks of the Rio Bacaja, in audience where riverine communities were able to voice their Para, Brazil. The rivers name means “the water that runs in river is the same grievances to the Public Ministry and Norte Energia, the consor- as the blood that flows through our veins.” The Xikrin are a warrior tribe that tium in charge of building the Belo Monte Dam. The Juruna live strongly resisted the Belo Monte Dam. During an “emergency plan” enacted on the stretch of the Xingu River in Para, Brazil known as the Big by Norte Energia between 2011-2013, the company gave each indigenous Bend, which has had 80% of its flow diverted by the dam impact- community 30,000 reais ($10,000 US dollars) per month. The emergency ing their fishing, river navigation and overall sustainability. They plan created devastating impacts to the customs and way of life of these are now fighting to stop the proposed Belo Sun gold mine that self-sustaining cultures with many abandoning their crops and activities for would be 11km away from their village and would be the largest processed foods and television. gold mine in the country. Photograph by Aaron Vincent Elkaim Photograph by Aaron Vincent Elkaim

22 // ZEKE APRILFALL 2018 2015 ZEKEZEKE APRIL FALL 2015/2018/ 23 Ana De Fransesca and her son Thomas visit the Belo Monte Dam site, which will be December 11, 2016. Caboco Juruna from the Juruna village of Miratu in the Paquiçamba Indigenous Reserve completed in 2019 on the Xingu River in Para, Brazil. De Fransesca is an anthropolo- on the Volta Grande do Xingu, fishes for Acarí fish on the Xingu River in Para, Brazil. This part of the Xingu River gist who has been working for a local NGO, Instituto Socioambiental, while doing her has had 80% of its water flow blocked by the newly completed Belo Monte Dam, severely damaging the fishing PhD on the displaced riverine communities and fishermen impacted by the dam. livelihoods of the people. The Juruna are now worried that the construction of the proposed upstream Belo Sun Belo Monte is the world’s fourth largest hydropower project, yet is considered one Gold Mine, which will be the largest open pit gold mine in Brazil, will further damage their river and way of life. of the least efficient in the history of Brazil, producing only 10% of its 11,233 MW While the environmental impacts of Belo Monte are still being analyzed, licensing processes for the mine haven’t capacity during the dry season between July and October. On average it will produce taken into account any potential cumulative impacts on the river or the people who live upon it. only 39% of capacity throughout the year. The project has displaced over 20,000 Belo Sun had its environmental licensing suspended in February of 2017 due to lack of consultation with the people while impacting numerous indigenous and riverine communities in the region. Juruna. The company claimed they didn’t need to do an impact assessment with the Juruna because Brazilian law Photograph by Aaron Vincent Elkaim only requires it within a 10km zone. The village of Paquiçamba is 11km away from the proposed mine. Photograph by Aaron Vincent Elkaim

24 // ZEKE APRILFALL 2018 2015 ZEKEZEKE APRIL FALL 2015/2018/ 25 An Extractavist family from the traditional riparian village of Mangabal on the Members of the Munduruku indigenous tribe walk on a sandbar on the Tapajós River. Extractavists came to the forests generations ago during Brazil’s Tapajós River as they prepare for a protest against plans to construct rubber boom and continue to live a traditional way of life. Many survive on a series of hydroelectric dams on their river in Para, Brazil. The tribe harvesting sustainable natural products such as rubber, nuts, and oils from members used the rocks to write ‘Tapajós Livre’ (Free Tapajós) in a large the forest. While they historically fought with the neighboring Munduruku message in the sand in an action in coordination with Greenpeace. After indigenous people, they have come together in the fight against the dams that years of fighting, in 2016 the Munduruku were successful in lobbying the would flood both of their territories. Forty-three dams have been planned for the government to officially recognize their traditional territory with a demarca- Tapajos River Basin in hopes of turning it into a soy corridor for barges from tion. This recognition forced IBAMA, Brazil’s Environmental Agency, to Mato Grosso State to ports on the Amazon River. suspend the environmental licensing process for the 12,000 MW Tapajós Photograph by Aaron Vincent Elkaim hydroelectric complex, due to the unconstitutional flooding of their now recognized land. Photograph by Aaron Vincent Elkaim

26 // ZEKE APRILFALL 2018 2015 ZEKEZEKE APRIL FALL 2015/2018/ 27 consequences for wildlife and for the instances of violence directed According to published people living downstream. Among against protesters of dam accounts, the Gilgel Gibe II and them, dams disconnect rivers from projects. III Dams on the Omo River in floodplains and turn rapids into For instance, the murder Ethiopia have upended the lives still waters, resulting in a loss of of the renowned indigenous of 200,000 farmers, fishermen biodiversity. According to the World leader of the Lenca people in and herders who depended on Wildlife Fund, freshwater populations Honduras, Berta Caceres, made the natural flow of the river for of fish and other species have global headlines. Caceres their livelihoods. The people declined by 80 percent since 1970 and two members of the Civic of lower Omo River now face worldwide, causing fish stocks to Council of Popular Indigenous food shortages and government- plummet in once vibrant locations like Organizations (Copinh) were sponsored modernization the Columbia River in Oregon and killed. Others reported assas- schemes that encroach upon the Danube River flowing through sination attempts in the weeks their ancestral lands. central and eastern Europe. and months following her According to observers, Why do stakeholders persist murder in 2016. Ethiopia’s headlong rush into despite evidence of harm? Dams On a global scale, 1,400 the Renaissance Dam will have The Karo tribe is the smallest ethnic group in the Omo River Valley. They are considered skillful allow cities to thrive and are a dams are planned or are serious implications for Egypt. herdsmen, farmers and masters of body painting. The Gibe III Dam threatens to damage tradi- tional types of farming, known as “flood-retreat agriculture.”Photo by Vlad Karavaev. boon to energy-starved regions of under construction, in locations Water shortages will continue the world. In short, hydropower once deemed too remote or to plague the region in the Salavi fled due, in part, as of corporate interests,“ and irrigation bring the promise of impractical to be feasible. In decades to come and the dam to the battle over water in the Mona Salavi says.

The women of the Upper Omo River Valley in Ethiopia are traditionally known progress to developing countries, Asia, Africa and Latin America, will exacerbate shortages in Al-Ahwaz province of southwest Touted as guardians of for their lip plates and intricate scarification patterns and often decorate them- ams are touted as a cheap while boosting the prestige of elites numerous proposed dam Egypt by an additional 25 Iran. One of the few histori- forests and protectors of riv- selves with white clay and flowers on their head. The Gibe III hydroelectric who can deliver large-scale projects. projects are on rivers that flow percent, the Geological Society cally verdant places inside the ers, indigenous leaders are dam will affect these tribal communities that depend on the river for their source of power and a much- survival. Photo by Louisa Seton. needed form of renewable “Politicians like to have monuments through indigenous territories of America estimates. country, the region is in the often placed in the crosshairs. energy for developing nations. named after them and a dam is a and across national boundar- In the Middle East, issues process of being turned into The watchdog group Global Often left out of this equation testament to their power,” says James ies, raising potential water- surrounding water, oil and a wasteland because of dam Witness warns that violence Dare indigenous groups, who have Dalton, director of the water program based conflicts between nations politics are equally volatile. construction, she contends. against activists is likely to the least to gain and the most to lose, with the International Union for and among tribal groups com- Mona Salavi believes an The province now has more continue because land grabs when a watershed is flooded due to Conservation of Nature. peting for scarce resources. ecological disaster is unfolding than 14 dams which diverted and the infrastructure needed dam construction. The Nile River, for example, inside Iran. As a member of free-flowing rivers away from to operate dams place indig- Once a symbol of human ingenu- is one of the more contentious the Ahwazi Arab minority in the arable region, subjecting the enous groups at odds with the ity, recent events show that dams built Indigenous areas of the globe. Ethiopia Iran and project officer for the Ahwazi minority to the imminent demands of the 21st century. for the ages are often shortsighted has built and plans to build sev- Underrepresented Nations and risk of water shortages. A 2017 report published in their execution. For example, a Consequences eral more dams on tributaries People Organization, an NGO At the same time, the Iranian by Global Witness concluded technological marvel like the mas- Such a rationale has had serious of the Nile in its uplands. This based in Brussels, she speaks government has promoted the indigenous leaders, along with DAM- sive Glen Canyon Dam in northern consequences for indigenous people will divert water from countries from past experience. production of sugar, a water- environmental activists and Arizona, built during the mid-20th whose territories straddle dam sites. downstream, including Egypt. In a part of the world frac- intensive cash crop, displacing wildlife rangers, are being century, now sits half empty due to An estimated 40 to 80 million people Contributing to the tension tured along religious and ethnic 200,000 to 250,000 Arabs in killed at almost a rate of four prolonged droughts linked to global have been directly displaced world- is drought and a growing lines, the ability to control the the Ahwazi region. per week worldwide. In 2016, warming. wide and an additional 470 million population more dependent on flow of freshwater takes on a Despite their differences, the the tally came to 200 victims— In the United States alone, people have been impacted further a water source that may be on political dimension. “Water and roughly 370 million indigenous more than double the rate from there are more than 87,000 dams downstream, according to a joint the wane. politics are linked,” she says. people scattered around the five years ago. recorded in the federal government’s report titled Lost in Development’s globe share many of the same AGED inventory. Across the country, many Shadow:The Downstream Human problems. In many instances, of these dams no longer serve any Consequences of Dams, published they have few allies at the useful purpose and thousands have by Brian D. Richter, Director of the national and international been deemed unsafe by dam safety Global Freshwater Program of The levels and are up against FOR MORE INFORMATION THE EFFECTS OF experts. No comprehensive database Nature Conservancy and other fresh- powerful forces working International Union for on the number of obsolete dams water experts. against them. Conservation of Nature www.iucn.org worldwide exists, but the number is Those affected include indigenous “Environmental activists HYDROPOWER likely to be much higher. people, along with farmers, often support indigenous Water Alternatives www.water-alternatives.org LIVES At present there are an esti- pastoralists, and fishermen who have causes, working alongside mated 800,000 dams of various had their livelihoods affected, if not them in claiming rights and World Wildlife Fund ON INDIGENOUS destroyed by dams, jeopardizing www.wwf.org sizes around the world. New dams environmental justice. As such, continue to be built with relatively their physical, cultural and spiritual both environmental activists International Rivers few being decommissioned due to wellbeing in the process. and indigenous organizers www.internationalrivers.org POPULATIONS Dams also continue to be built obsolescence. frequently fall victim to state-led Global Witness without the free, prior and informed The Gibe III Dam is the highest dam in Central Africa. At 240 meters high, it will produce Recent studies indicate there 1879 MW of energy. Studies says that once completed, the cost of the dam will be 15% of repression of demonstrations www.globalwitness.org By Enrique Gili are additional reasons for concern. consent of affected indigenous the annual GDP of Ethiopia, becoming the biggest investment project ever made in all of the and peaceful protests, as well Dam projects have unintended groups. There have also been African continent. Photo by Fausto Podavini.

28 / ZEKE FALL 2018 ZEKE FALL 2018/ 29 HONORABLE MENTIONS FROM SDN’S CALL FOR ENTRIES ON DOCUMENTARY IN AWARD WINNERS DOCUMENTARY IN THE ERA THE ERA OF POST- OF POST-TRUTH TRUTH JURORS

Scott Brennan peoples establishing semi- sponsored by The Blue Earth Barbara Ayotte Indigenous Autonomy autonomous, grassroots Alliance and this year won Alice Gabriner in Mexico governments in response to first place for Pictures of the Kurt Mutchler rampant violence, corrup- Year International’s Community This photographic project Quentin Nardi tion, environmental degra- Awareness Award. focuses on two indigenous Niama Sandy dation and the failure of the populations that are work- social contract. ing to enact social and environmental justice in the Scott Brennan is originally face of some of the world’s from New York and has been most dangerous elements of living in Mexico since 2010. His main interest in photogra- organized crime and cor- phy is documenting the strug- ruption. The communities gles of indigenous groups in are Santa Maria de Ostula Latin America and their ongo- and Cherán K’eri, both in ing fights to defend their ter- the notoriously violent state ritories and cultures. He gradu- of Michoacán in southern ated with a master’s degree Mexico. These two munici- in 2005 from The London palities have begun social College of Communication in movements of ethnically photojournalism and docu- and culturally indigenous mentary. This project is fiscally

Taha Ahmad for the self-proclaimed Godmen A Displaced Hope in the fort to exploit the misfor- tunes of the people who do not The Ferozshah fortress built have the tools of education to in the Indian capital Delhi in question these practices and the 18th century remains a political agendas. ruin nestled between a cricket stadium and the city’s ring Taha Ahmad is a documentary road. It is within these ruins that photographer based in Delhi, we find genie worship. Genies . He developed an interest in documentary photography while are supernatural creatures pursuing his bachelor’s degree. created out of fire, according He feels photography has a strong to the Islamic texts. Thousands influence in creating and develop- of people gather here every ing discourse for the future. His Thursday: praying, writing let- photographs are framed in a way ters, giving money and lighting that preserves their reality, which lamps to impress the genies for he feels is undergoing an everlast- a better life. This has become ing change. a money-making mechanism

30 / ZEKE FALL 2018 ZEKE FALL 2018/ 31 AWARD WINNERS (Continued)

Javier Fergo Spanish authorities are strug- Europes’ South Frontier gling to cope with the amount of people arriving. Spanish Crossing the Mediterranean coastguards rescue people Sea from Morocco to Spain is on a daily basis, mainly in the fastest-growing sea route the area between the Strait of into Europe, according to Gibraltar and in the Alboran the , and the Sea. number of migrants taking this route has tripled in the past Born in Jerez, Cádiz, Spain in few months. The dramatic 1980, Javier Fergo has been situation in Libya, with higher keen on the arts, film and photog- raphy since childhood. In 2005 casualties than the case of he completed a Higher National Spain, might be shadowing including El País, El Mundo, Diploma in Photography at City this growing issue. Spain ABC, and Público and interna- of Bristol College, UK. Soon tionally through the Associated holds an infamous second after, he moved back to Jerez, Press, The Wall Street Journal, position on death toll in their Spain, to start contributing to and The Washington Post. waters, surpassing Greece. local and national newspapers

32 / ZEKE FALL 2018 ZEKE FALL 2018/ 33 viewfinder, I asked him “Everything you because I’m a photojournalist that I’m see here will be in the picture?” and My mission is to make people not an artist: whatever I’m covering, he said “Of course!” and this was the take responsibility for what even if it’s a war, I always try to have reason I got a camera and started tak- they see. a perfect composition and to make ing pictures. I was teaching myself, there —Reza it beautiful. What I believe is most was nobody around to explain to me important is to help people get over focus on how photography can bring how it worked, so it took a lot of years their fatigue to make it personal. We change to communities and how we can to learn. When I started at 14, I always have all seen so many pictures of boats use photography as a tool for social looked for two things: beauty, but also carrying people — similar colors, similar change. My mission is to make people social injustice. My thought was: “If I clothes, similar faces, some drowning, take responsibility for what they see. show it to people, maybe they’ll be able some getting help — and it’s normal Mario Epanya to change it.” CC: As a photographer documenting that after a while we are not shocked Interview Iran, and Pakistan, anymore. Make it personal, tell the story CC: What was the focus of your have you noticed any changes in the one by one, create empathy between WITH REZA DEGHATI photography in the early years? mainstream media narrative about this the people who look at the pictures and Reza: I liked beauty and family, but also region, since you started working there? those who are photographed. The way I do it is through portraits: they’re all very looking around in the streets for things I Reza: I have been working as a simple, on the spot and spontaneous. by Caterina Clerici thought people would react to if they saw professional since 1979, which makes “The eyes are the windows of the soul,” them. When I was 16, I thought I could it almost 40 years now. The big change Reza Deghati (Reza) is a French- Photo by Reza. Afghanistan. Nuristan Province. 1985. Afghan children imitate the photographer by holding their hands in and I’m trying to get those souls out. have a role in the high school paper. came around 15 years ago, when we circles in front of their eyes. Iranian photographer. Over almost Another way to get people interested This was during the Shah’s regime in Iran started moving towards digital: the 40 years, he has worked as a foreign again is training refugee children to and I had no idea what “secret police” communication became immediate today and even they show a mainstream assassinated by two Al-Qaeda operators and war correspondent for Newsweek, photograph the daily life in the camps. meant. I made my first magazine, which and a lot of people got access to these point of view, so we (photographers and who posed as TV cameramen pretend- TIME Magazine, LIFE, Paris Match In the past five years I started trainings was called Butterfly, and two days later I tools. Before that, in most cases, we journalists) have now become the target ing to interview him, his people printed and Stern, among many others. He with Syrian and Yazidi children. They was arrested and all the magazine issues were the only witnesses of the whole of the people who are unhappy with the a few thousand photographs of the teaches photography to children in became the camp reporters and I’m confiscated. My mum was beating me story. We felt we had a much bigger reporting, because they immediately see portrait of Massoud I had taken and refugee camps and disadvantaged publishing their photos around the world very badly and telling me “You shouldn’t mission and people were trusting us what’s happening. sent it to the frontline for each soldier. neighborhoods and communities and this has a very different effect on touch newspapers and magazines any- more. The digital era has changed it From my very first trip to Afghanistan Everybody said those portraits helped in dozens of countries through the people. Professionals already have more.” I was 16, that was 50 years ago, completely: the number of people who during the Russian invasion in 1983 them resist until the coalition forces numerous NGOs he has founded. a preconceived idea of what kind of and from that moment I’ve done exactly take pictures, write or broadcast has and onwards, I realized that the came and the bombardment started and picture will show the refugees, while the Caterina Clerici: Why did you want the opposite. multiplied by millions. Also, local people mainstream media was not able to tell the Taliban was defeated. There are a children just show their daily life. to become a photographer and how did I photographed again social injustice have access to media coverage of their the whole story. We come for a few lot of stories like this, about how a single you get started? and poverty in Tehran — the home- own destiny and see that what is shown days or a few weeks even, and we have photograph can have an impact on CC: How would you define being an our newsroom waiting for us in Paris, history. Reza: Since a very young age, I’ve less, the drug addicts — and learned and told in the big media is not always “involved photographer” and do you New York or London, and we have to always been disturbed to see homeless how to print the photographs. At night the reality, because the media is run CC: How have you tried to get your think there are any ethical issues in come up with something to feed the people, barefoot kids and poor families I would go out and put the black and by governments and corporations with audience more involved in topics that being both a journalist and an activist? beast. That’s how I thought, “What in my hometown of , in Iran. I white pictures with the little captions on their own agendas. We have very few drive your photography, particularly if I teach people how to tell their own Reza: I really don’t think that journalism was always asking “Why do people the walls of the university, to show how independent newspapers and magazines refugees, migration and displacement? stories?” That’s how I started doing the and activism are different. By all means not react, why don’t they help?” At people were living in poverty. That was Do you believe in a “refugee fatigue,” very first refugee training in 1983 in any journalist who is looking for the truth age nine, I witnessed a mob of kids from when I was 19 to 22, when I was just as there is war or poverty fatigue, a camp in Pakistan with seven Afghan is an activist, especially at a time where that were pushing out from the school also a student in architecture and fine and what can be done to still get people refugees. I bought the cameras myself major corporations and governments a barefoot kid that was the same age arts. I was arrested again and spent to empathize and sympathize with in the Peshawar market, I bought the are trying to cover it up. For me, as I was. He was crying and saying three years, from 22 to 25, in prison, refugees? film, I workshopped with them, I left there is no interference between my “Please, I just want to see what a school where I was tortured for five months the cameras with them and told them Reza: This is a challenge I have faced, photography and my NGO work. One looks like.” I tried to interfere but both for photographing and showing this to keep photographing and if they saw like all media, with all kinds of crises: example is creating an independent of us were beaten by the kids and [reality.] Then I came out of the prison another photographer coming, to give fatigue is not only created by the media and cultural centre in , pushed out. It shocked me a lot. Later, I just one year before the revolution and them the photographs they had taken. story covered by the media, but by which I opened just a few days after the was trying to explain to the director of decided to quit architecture and become From that moment, I’ve devoted half of the corporations or governments that fall of the Taliban in September 2001. the school and the teachers what had a photographer. my time and my income volunteering to don’t want the story talked about. My In 17 years, we have trained over happened, and nobody cared. So I CC: What would you describe as your help people tell their own stories. Only first action is deep respect for both the 1,500 Afghans to become journalists, thought maybe I wasn’t able to explain mission as a photographer? taking pictures is not enough. people I photograph and those who photographers, filmmakers, a lot of them it with my language and I should show Recently, I was in the Panjshir val- are going to see my work. I always feel women, and helped them create their them a painting or a drawing of it. Reza: I really didn’t come to photogra- ley in Afghanistan, where they were like I’m trying to bring them together. If own media, such as Afghan Women’s For two years I tried to learn how to phy trying to make an art of it. For me, commemorating the assassination of you’re arrogant, people will see you’re Voices. We can bring more change not paint and draw just to show the social photography is a tool to connect with Massoud, the head of the resistance there for your reputation and don’t only through our photographs but giving injustices that I was seeing around me. people and create empathy. It’s a uni- against the Russians, Al-Qaeda and care about them. Honesty is transmitted voice to people who don’t have it. At age 13, my father, who had one versal language, everybody understands the Taliban until he was killed two days through your photographs. of the first big box Kodak cameras, let it. I don’t know much about the techni- Photo by Reza. Afghanistan. Panjshir Valley. 1985. Portrait of Commander Massoud (1953-2001) during the Soviet invasion of before 9/11. The day after he was Photography is an art and it’s not me try it. When I looked through the cal aspects of it, the software, I only Afghanistan (1979-1989).

34 / ZEKE FALL 2018 ZEKE FALL 2018/ 35 Photograph by Jan Zychlinski From Ukraine’s War Childen Children in a former Soviet-era Children’s Camp now occupied by a Baptist Church and refugees. Saoporoshje (East Ukraine). 2016 LIFE AND WAR IN UKRAINE Photographs by Michele Cirillo Aude Osnowycz Jan Zychlinski

36 // ZEKE APRILFALL 2018 2015 ZEKEZEKE APRIL FALL 2015/2018/ 37 Photograph by Jan Zychlinski From Ukraine’s War Childen Two girls dancing in the hall of an old Soviet “Children Camp” in Kiev. No music, no audience, just in their own reality. 2015

38 // ZEKE APRILFALL 2018 2015 ZEKEZEKE APRIL FALL 2015/2018/ 39 ffected by an ongoing war, the loss of the Crimea to Russian aggression, and endemic corruption, Ukraine, a geopolitically important coun- try straddling Europe and Russia, Aremains hopelessly divided. Despite the Euromaidan protests four years ago that overturned a pro-Russia government and the more recent Minsk Protocol aiming to reduce hostilities, the country remains in a stalemate. The war in the Donbass in eastern Ukraine between pro-Russian militias and government and paramilitary forces has resulted in more than 9,300 deaths. Michele Cirillo, in his exhibit “Forgotten War” shows the realities of this war-torn quagmire--the destruction of homes and soldiers with lost limbs. But like in all con- flict zones, life manages to move on.Aude Osnowycz’s portraits from her exhibit “In the Shadow of an Empire” show us a Ukraine with its rich culture of ballerinas, rock stars, activists, and youth militias. Jan Zychlinski’s “Ukraine’s War Children” delves deeper into the question of refugees and internally displaced persons from Crimea and Donbass, where the war rages on with pro-Russian separatists. People are living in container settlements, rented flats, old sanato- riums, kindergartens, dormitories or some in huts in the middle of nowhere. Amongst them, there are lots of children—a generation at war with so many different expectations and perspectives.

Photograph by Michele Cirillo From Forgotten War A house damaged by artillery shelling in Slavyansk (Donetsk region, Ukraine). The Minsk Protocol was not enough to stop the war at the borders of Donbass and Luhansk, marking, since the begin of the conflict, more than 9,300 deaths, countless casualties, a spread of violence, unpunished rapes and attacks on journalists.

40 // ZEKE APRILFALL 2018 2015 ZEKEZEKE APRIL FALL 2015/2018/ 41 Photograph by Michele Cirillo From Forgotten War Kiev Military Hospital. Dmytro Kotov, 41, was injured by a mine in 2014.

42 // ZEKE APRILFALL 2018 2015 ZEKEZEKE APRIL FALL 2015/2018/ 43 Photograph by Aude Osnowycz From In the Shadow of the Empire Two young soldiers from a Russian elite military unit during Paratroopers Day, Donetsk (self-proclaimed Donetsk People’s Republic). August 2017.

44 // ZEKE APRILFALL 2018 2015 ZEKEZEKE APRIL FALL 2015/2018/ 45 Photograph by Aude Osnowycz From In the Shadow of the Empire Young girl practicing her shooting skills during a Cossack patriotic youth camp, Cherkassy, Ukraine. August 2017.

46 // ZEKE APRILFALL 2018 2015 ZEKEZEKE APRIL FALL 2015/2018/ 47 Photographs by Aude Osnowycz From In the Shadow of the Empire Left: Member of activist band FEMEN, strongly opposed to the Putin regime, posing in a park. Kiev, Ukraine, August 2017. Below: Young Ukrainian soldier, Ukrainian front line, Ukraine.

48 // ZEKE APRILFALL 2018 2015 ZEKEZEKE APRIL FALL 2015/2018/ 49 Photographs by Aude Osnowycz From In the Shadow of the Empire Left: Ballet student during rehearsals at Donetsk Opéra. Despites hostilities, The Donetsk Opera has been working since the beginning of the conflict and still continues to please the eyes of the citizens, Donetsk (self-proclaimed Donetsk People’s Republic). August 2017. Below: Guitarist of a punk band during a clandestine concert in a winery in downtown Donetsk. In Ukraine, on both sides of the frontline, young people often aspire to return to a semblance of normal life and continue their fight against the old Soviet-era shackles, Donetsk (self-proclaimed Donetsk People’s Republic). August 2017.

50 // ZEKE FALLFALL 22018018 ZEKE FALL 2018/ 51 5˚E 10˚E 15˚E 20˚E 25˚E 30˚E 35˚E 40˚E

Skelleftea Gulf of Arkhangelsk Bothnia Severodvinsk Umea FINLAND

Trondheim Ostersund Vaasa

Tampere

Gavle L. Ladoga NORWAY Helsinki Bergen Oslo 60˚N SWEDEN Uppsala Gulf of Finland 60˚N Stockholm Leningrad Tallinn Vologda ESTONIA Novgorod Rybinsk Res. Baltic Sea Parnu Tartu

Goteborg Pskov North Sea Yaroslavl LATVIA Rostov Riga Liepaja RUSSIA Gorkiy DENMARK Vejle Copenhagen Daugavpils Moscow Klaipeda Malmo LITHUANIA Vitebsk Odense Sovietsk 55˚N Vilnius 55˚N Smolensk Kaluga Gdansk Kaliningrad Kiel Minsk Lida On December 17, 2013, starkly split between theHamburg EU Olsztyn Mogilev the UN estimates that 23,500 administration. In the medical Groningen Bydgoszcz NETH. Yanukovych instead signed (39%) and the Russia-headedBremen BELARUS Orel people have been injured and industry, for example, patients Amsterdam Berlin P OLAND Poznan an Action Plan with Russia Eurasian CustomsEnschede UnionMagdebur g 10,000 people killed. Even pay bribes to doctors to get The Hague Lodz Warsaw RUSSIAVoronezVVoro h in which Russia agreed to (37%). However, EU-friendlyLeipzig Lubin Voronezh after cease fire provisions from intensive care and medical Wroclaw Breslau Bonn GERMANY Dresden buy $15 billion in Ukrainian westernLille Ukraine citizens, Lutsk the Minsk Agreement, mortar equipment. There is even a Brussels Frankfurt Hradec Kralove KievKiev 50˚N Krakow 50˚N Wiesbaden Ostrava Eurobonds and supply natural centeredLUX. around the capital Prague Lvov Kharkov shells fly between government Ukraine corruption park that Plzen UKRAINE gas at a lower price. This of Kiev,Luxembourg were outragedKarlsruhe afterNurnberg CZECH Brno Vinnitsanitsasa territory and the self-declared displays the sheer pervasive- S LOVAKIA Volgograd Stuttgart Donbass immediately set off protests by YanukovychStrasbourg didn’t deliver Bratislava People’s Republic of Donetsk. ness of corruption. Munchen Vienna HUNGARY Zaporozhye AUSTRIA Botosani youth who looked to the west on his promise to joinZurich the EU Gyor Debrecen MOLDOVA In war zones, people live with- In midst of such circum- LIECH. Innsbruck Budapest Bern Graz Cluj Chisinau (the EU) as their future. agreement. SWITZERLAND Vaduz Odessa out central heating. Collapsed stances, Ukrainian youth hold Szeged Geneva Ljubljana Pecs Arad ROMANIA An investment of capi- The 2014 Ukrainian infrastructure such as bridges, a critical role. Twenty-six-year- Milano Verona Zagreb Timisoara Crimea Lyon Rijeka CROATIA Braila tal from either the EU or 45˚NRevolution (also called the Venezia Novi Sad Krasnodar roads, 45˚Nand public buildings old Yulia Marushevska, an Turin Banja Luka Bucharest Russia was vitally important Euromaidan Revolution)Genova was aren’t repaired because of activist who appeared on the Bologna BOSNIA Belgrade Constanta organized by the Maidan Split Sarajevo Sochi fear of more shelling. Worse, viral video ‘I am a Ukrainian’ Monaco Firenze Mikhaylovgrad Pleven Ordzhonikidze Marseille YUGOSLAVIA BULGARIA Black Sea People’s Union, theCorsica ultra-nation- Sofia Varna professionals such as lawyers, during the 2014 Revolution, Bastia Burgas Adriatic Sea FebruarySkopje Stara 2014. Zagora However, he sympathizers, and annexed alist Right Sector, and other citi- Titograd Poti judges, and doctors, have was appointed as Chief of Rome fledTitov the Vele countrys for Russia that Crimea. Similar referendums Tbilisi zens who mobilized on social MACEDONIA Istanbul Zonguldak left war-torn regions, leaving Odessa Customs with the goal Tirane Xanthi Naples Bari same month, halting all plans were held by pro-Russian and media in favor of Ukraine ALBANIA the inhabitants in precarious to make customs more transpar- Thessaloniki Yerevan 40˚N Sardinia to salvage the EU AssociationBursa anti-governmentAnkara groups in 40˚N signing the agreement with the Ioannina conditions. ent. However, according to a Aegean Sea GREECELarisa Majorca Tyrrhenian Sea Agreement and cancelling DonetskTURKEY and Luhansk, which Lesbos EU. The protestors called for L. Tuz L. Van Moreover, widespread nationwide poll produced by all Agrinionprovisions promised from mobilized combatants along- Yanukovych to resign and endPalermo Izmir corruption is still pervasive the New Europe Center, 65% Mediterranean Sea RussiaPatrai through the Ukrainian- side paramilitaries groups Sicily Athens the oppression against activists Catania Peloponnesus throughout Ukraine. According of respondents aged between Annaba Tunis Russian Action Plan. Antalycominga acrossAdana the border from and opposition leaders. Ionian Sea to investigative reporters with 14-29, are “not interested at TUNISIA Soon after Yanukovych’s Russia. What ensued was the Mosel Algers Constantine MALTA Rhodes Aleppo the Al Jazeera TV, Yanukovych all” in Ukrainian politics. The resignation,Khania pro-Russian Vallelta Iraklion Nicosiawar in Donbass, in which the Batna Mediterranean Sea Crete SYRIA along with his corrupt oligarch unpopularity of civil activism protests began in eastern and KremlinCyprus allegedly provided Protests Turn Violent cronies, appropriated $1.5 (only 6% of respondents) is 5˚E 10˚E 15˚E 20˚Esouthern parts25˚E of Ukraine. 30˚E tanks and35˚E “humanitarian40˚E con- Although protests in 2014 billion through off-shore busi- concerning. The New York Historically, territories of voys” to separatist members began peacefully, they quickly nesses registered in Scotland. Times suggests that Svyatoslav eastern Ukraine were admin- to prolong the conflict and UKRAINE became riots after demon- A logbook confiscated by Vakarchuk, a famous rock istered by Russia and became expand0 its territorial influence. 500 Miles strations were suppressed the Ukrainian Anti-Corruption singer whose songs became AN UNCERTAIN FUTURE a republic under the Soviet Although, cease fires were violently by police units. Bureau suggests that protest anthems during both the Union. In 1991, following the negotiated0 through the500 MinskKM I When the Ukraine govern- Yanukovych disbursed $1.4 2004 and 2014 revolutions, he Ukrainian crisis is demise of the Soviet Union and II Agreements,Parallel scale atfighting 50˚N 0˚E still By Glenn Ruga to Ukraine that year as ment passed anti-protest laws million worth of bribes on a will be a strong candidate for a story about Russian and a failed coup attempt continues to this day. industrial production fell by in 2014, masked protesters daily basis. Even following the president. Whether he will aggression, a divided by Soviet hardliners, the With contributions 4.9%. Moreover, natural held regional administration revolution, corruption is still choose to participate or not, nation, domestic corrup- government signed the Act of by Joseph Lim and gas prices were hiked by the buildings hostage and clashed endemic as seen from nepo- Ukraine needs role models like tion, and common people Declaration of Independence EU Responds to Russian natural gas provider, with law enforcement. Unable tism in the judicial system and him to lead its next generation Anne Sahler Tcaught in the middle. The of Ukraine, establishing an Gazprom, after it discovered to silence the revolution, irregular payments in the tax and rebuild its country. crisis has produced not only independent state. Although Russian Aggression that officials in Ukraine were Yanukovych finally signed the a conflict between the deeply many Ukrainians wished to The EU responded to Russia’s stealing gas and failing to pay Agreement on Settlement of divided east and west, but also maintain sovereignty, regions aggression by imposing vari- off debts. Public opinion was Political Crisis in Ukraine in a deep sense of disillusionment in eastern Ukraine such as ous restrictive measures against among Ukrainian youth. Crimea, Donetsk and Luhansk Russia. On top of cancelling The recent Ukraine cri- were linguistically and cultur- high-level diplomatic meet- sis began in November ally affiliated with Russia and ings and limiting access to EU 2013 when President Victor felt that Ukraine and Russia capital markets, the European Yanukovych pulled out of should unite into a single state. Council also imposed asset the Ukraine-European Union The Kremlin’s active involve- freezes on 155 people and 44 Association Agreement that ment in Ukraine ultimately entities because their actions would have strengthened divided the country. During the undermined Ukraine’s territo- cooperation between Ukraine 2014 Revolution, the Kremlin rial integrity, sovereignty and and the 28 EU member states. provided Yanukovych with mili- independence. However, according to the tary support to suppress pro- The outcomes of the revolu- Lithuanian president’s office testers. In March, Russian sol- tion, the ongoing war, and hosting an EU summit to final- diers without insignias invaded international disputes have Above: A kitchen in an overcrowded ize the pact, Yanukovych was the Crimean parliament been disproportionately harm- refugee flat in Kiev. 2014. Photo by Jan In Severodonetsk (Luhansk region of Ukraine) it is not uncommon to find Soviet-era ful to ordinary citizens. Since missiles and artillery used during the recent war in the Donbass. Photo by Michele Zychlinski from Ukraine’s War Children. pressured to pull out of the Young cadet in parade costume at Kiev military academy. December 2016. building, held a referendum Cirillo from Forgotten War. agreement by the Kremlin. Photo by Aude Osnowycz from In the Shadow of the Empire. on independence with Russian 2014 when the war began

52 / ZEKE FALL 2018 ZEKE FALL 2018/ 53 n the first 466 days of his presidency, Donald simulate a photograph of an event that never hap- Trump made 3,001 false or misleading pened? And we are left asking, in this era of social claims. “Seventy-two times, the president media, of strident opinions and media bubbles, of has falsely claimed he passed the biggest tax frequent and often unfounded allegations of “fake IMAGE IN THE ERA OF cut in history — when in fact it ranks in eighth news,” what is the role of the journalistic or docu- place,” the Washington Post reported on mentary photograph for maintaining the public By Fred Ritchin May 1, 2018. “Fifty-three times, the president record and enabling constructive social change in has made some variation of the claim that this era labeled “post-truth”? the Russia probe is a made-up controversy. (If you A 1990 book of mine, In Our Own Image: The includeI other claims about the Russia probe that are Coming Revolution in Photography, argued that not accurate, the count goes to 90.) Forty-one times, the imaging software being created then would POST-TRUTH the president has offered a variation of the false allow us to re-create the world, and ourselves, “in claim that Democrats do not really care about the our own image,” using the myth that “the camera What is the role of the journalistic or Obama-era Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals never lies” to camouflage purposeful deceits. My program that Trump terminated.” thinking was provoked, in part, by the 1982 cover documentary photograph for maintaining As well as his disdain for the truth, Trump’s image of the mainstream publication, National frequent attacks on the press as providers of “fake Geographic, in which image-manipulation the public record and enabling constructive news” further undermine the functioning of democ- software was employed to relocate one of the social change in this era labeled racy, dependent upon a credible press to report on pyramids of Giza behind another to make a issues and events so that citizens can decide how vertical image from a horizontal photograph so “post-truth”? to vote and their political representatives on how to as to fit it on the magazine’s cover. Two years govern. Elsewhere, authoritarian leaders increas- later the modification was explained to me by ingly borrow from Trump’s attacking strategy, the magazine’s editor as, in his opinion, merely describing as “fake news” that which can be con- the retroactive repositioning of the photographer strued as criticisms of their policies. For example, a few feet to one side so as to get another a January 25 piece in the Guardian asserts that point of view. Surprisingly, in 1982 National “In February, an Amnesty International report said Geographic seemed to have already embraced the Syrian government had killed at least 13,000 a kind of photographic time travel. In the digital people in a military prison between 2011 and environment the “decisive moment,” photographer 2015. Assad disputed the report. ‘You can forge Henri Cartier-Bresson’s famous formulation of “the anything these days,’ Assad told Yahoo News. simultaneous recognition, in a fraction of a second, ‘We are living in a fake news era.’” of the significance of an event as well as of a precise organization of forms which give that event its proper expression,” could now happen any time THE AGE OF THE IMAGE after the initial moment itself. Simultaneously, we are living Less sanguine and concerned about the enduring in the Age of the Image with integrity of the journalistic photograph, National billions of photographs and Geographic’s director of photography said that the videos uploaded daily, trillions introduction of such a technique was “like limited available online, yet we are nuclear warfare. There ain’t none.” In any case, the not sure what they mean, how reader had not been informed of the modification, they help, or whether they can and a series of highly publicized alterations of be believed. Is that “selfie” a cover images in other publications (Time, TV Guide, self-portrait, an exploration of Newsday, etc.) that would follow contributed to An exhibition at the UN in March 2015 of identity, or a form of branding public skepticism concerning the photograph’s nearly two dozen of the 55,000 photographs formulated to increase some- witnessing function. Given this erosion of trust, the of tortured and killed Syrian prisoners taken by one’s status online? Is that a photojournalistic community did little in response “Caesar,” the code name of a former Syrian photograph of an actual event, to bolster public confidence in the photograph, military police photographer. Syrian President or a fabricated image made to refusing to take these challenges seriously. Assad commented to Yahoo News on the The cover from a 1982 issue of But the issue was not only one of digital modi- photos, “You can forge anything these days. in which image- fications. While photographs have always been We are living in a fake news era.” Photo by manipulation software was employed for interpretive, constructions dependent upon the the first time in mainstream media—in this knowledge and intuition of the photographer who Lucas Jackson. case to relocate one of the pyramids of Giza behind another so as to fit it on the makes the picture, the widespread use in journalistic magazine’s cover. publications of photographs of staged events as if

54 / ZEKE FALL 2018 ZEKE FALL 2018/ 55 they were spontaneous, and of imagery that two-year-old Honduran migrant Yanela of censorship today involve meddling with emphasized the spectacular without provid- Sanchez hysterically crying at the US IF ANYTHING CAN BE REAL, trust and attention, not muzzling speech ing context, were similarly deleterious to border, there have been few photographs itself.” In this vein, software that allows photography’s role as a social referent. that have attained the iconic status NOTHING CAN BE REAL the public to easily synthesize realistic- So, for example, after the 2011 killing necessary to focus the world on critical A recent discussion concerns the ethically looking people and events requires a strong by US forces of Osama bin Laden, master- issues (some photos may go momentarily challenging advent of “deepfakes” of response from institutions that take authen- mind of the September 11 attacks a decade “viral,” but soon fade from public female celebrities, their faces composited ticity seriously. But after recently reporting before, a historic retaliation that was sup- consciousness, in part due to a lack of a onto those of others performing in sexually on the use of artificial intelligence to create “front page” to sustain them). In this media explicit videos. Soon this software is fake videos, New York Times writer Kevin If we are now no longer of the environment innovative strategies that are expected to be made more efficient and Roose remarked: “And there’s probably less dependent upon the previous century’s easier to use, available for widespread nothing we can do except try to bat the opinion that “a photograph in belief system in the inherent power of the use. And the potential to use this kind of fakes down as they happen, pressure social and of itself is going to make photograph need to be formulated as well. software to place prominent people in a media companies to fight misinformation Furthermore, this era of photographs variety of situations, such as having a world aggressively, and trust our eyes a little less any difference,” then why make made malleable via Photoshop and other leader seem to declare war or confess every day.” photographs? software may very soon seem like a to corruption, will create a multitude of But if we cannot trust our eyes in this From Mathieu Asselin’s “Monsanto: A Photographic Investigation,” a book that resulted from a documentary process conducted moment of comparative innocence. In the challenges. Whether such software has age of image, what then will be able for five years throughout and the United States which portrays a comprehensive portrait of the ancient and current practices of the Monsanto Corporation and their environmental practices. very near future it will become increasingly actually been utilized or not, its existence to rely upon? On an institutional level, posed to be a partial resolution to a nation’s easy to synthesize from scratch not will call into question much of what we considerably more has to be done by that he wrote pointing out the absurdity relief efforts; the use of virtual reality enduring pain, President Barack Obama only photographs but also video and view online, hear on the radio, watch publications and photographers themselves of what he depicts: “US combat troops is becoming more widespread among said: “It is important to make sure that very audio, so that the results will be nearly on television, or read in our newspapers to verify media and assure the readers of arrive, outnumbering the enemy 3 to 1 and humanitarian organizations attempting to graphic photos of somebody who was indistinguishable from the actual thing. and magazines. As one deepfakes user its integrity. Should there be a labeling possessing the most sophisticated military get potential donors and others to empa- shot in the head are not floating around as Work is being done in laboratories in commented, “If anything can be real, system that is strictly enforced among hardware; the job seemed easy. Earlier, thize with the plight of those in difficult an incitement to additional violence—as many countries, much of it with artificial nothing is real.” Or, as technologist Aviv reputable publications and photographers spirits were high among the troops, intoxi- circumstances. a propaganda tool.” House Intelligence intelligence, to provide inexpensive tools to Ovadya, who has recently gathered to categorize photographs, such as cated as much by the spectacle of their Paradoxically, and hopefully, there are Chairman Mike Rogers concurred with create realistic photographic-like portraits a consortium of colleagues in the tech “reportage,” “photo illustration,” “photo own strength as by the cold beer delivered more media strategies than ever before at the president’s contention but added: of non-existent people, to produce videos industry to try to combat fake news and opportunity,” “altered photograph,” and to them daily.” our disposal while the media’s credibility “Conspiracy theorists around the world will realistically portraying non-existent events, camouflaged bots, asked, “What happens so on, similar to one that I proposed in the There are many photographers today is under widespread attack. Ways must be just claim the photos are doctored anyway.” and to synthesize speeches that sound when anyone can make it appear as if 1990s with a group of colleagues? The exploring massive social ills with more of a found to help restore the requisite referents And Obama agreed: “Certainly there’s no like they come from the mouths of world anything has happened, regardless of “four corners project” that I have been conceptual documentary approach — from necessary for society to function, and to doubt among Al-Qaeda members that he leaders (one such recently synthesized whether or not it did?” working on would allow photographers chemical poisoning by Monsanto (Mathieu provide a greater understanding of crucial is dead. . . . And so we don’t think that a speech online, simulating the voice of This challenges the functioning not only to use each of the photograph’s corners Asselin) to torture at Guantanamo (Edmund processes that currently remain largely photograph in and of itself is going to make President John F. Kennedy, was the one he of journalism, but of democratic institutions. to add supplementary information online, Clark, Debi Cornwall) to the blue skies opaque. At this point a reactive stance, any difference. There are going to be some was to give the day he was assassinated As Zeynep Tufekci stated in a recent issue of including their own code of ethics, the over 1,078 World War II concentration simply covering events in traditional folks who deny it. The fact of the matter is, in Dallas). Wired magazine, “The most effective forms backstory, image context and links to other camps (Anton Kusters), drones as weapon- ways while contemplating the growing you will not see Bin Laden walking on this websites. And there are many other ideas ized surveillance (Tomas van Houtryve), morass, is insufficient. It is apparent that earth again.” that need to be urgently investigated. and the satellites monitoring us (Trevor newer strategies, including hybrid ones One of the productive responses to Paglen). Utilizing techniques of the artist, that will take advantage of the enormous this evolving media climate by a number journalist and documentarian, much of this and largely untapped visual resources of WHAT ARE PHOTOGRAPHS of photographers is to rely less upon the work is published in books and shown in social media, must be devised to engage a assumption of the photograph’s inherent exhibitions as well as appearing in various wary, divided, confused, and increasingly GOOD FOR? veracity and more upon a slower accumu- publications. exhausted public. If we are now no longer of the opinion lation of evidence via a number of media, And there are some interesting metrics as The media revolution is only beginning. that “a photograph in and of itself is photography included, that ultimately well: Gideon Mendel’s photographic work going to make any difference,” then why provides insights into an underlying on a pilot program to provide HIV-positive Fred Ritchin began writing on photog- make photographs? And if too contested, process rather than concentrating primarily South Africans with anti-retroviral medicine raphy and digital imaging in 1984 for too inflammatory, too malleable, too on its symptoms. It is not a new approach, is credited by UNAIDS with encouraging the New York Times Magazine. Since questionable, too much implicated in an but one that is now much more broadly contributions that allowed eight million then he has authored three books on the image war to be useful to the public as practiced. Philip Jones Griffiths’ 1971 people to get life-saving treatment, and subject: In Our Own Image: The Coming evidence of a very major event, what are book, Vietnam Inc., can be considered a Magnum’s Access to Life project that Revolution in Photography (1990), After photographs good for? Such skepticism pioneer in this effort, showing the decision- highlighted the work of eight photographers Photography (2008), and Bending the also helps to explain why in recent years, making process among military leaders, raised $1 billion for a similar goal. Frame: Photojournalism, Documentary, and with the exception of two images of very juxtaposing the relatively unseen pilots More recently, a screening at a 2015 the Citizen (2013), the latter exploring media strategies for social change. He is small children, the 2015 photograph with their victims, explaining how young fundraising conference in Kuwait of a vir- Dean Emeritus of the International Center of by Nilüfer Demir of the drowned three- girls are introduced into the sex trade, and tual reality film on the life of a 12-year-old Photography. year-old Syrian refugee, Alan Kurdi, and undermining his own dramatic, at times Photograph from the Guantanamo Bay detention camp by Edmund Clark from “Guantanamo: If the Lights Go Out.” Example of Syrian refugee, “Clouds Over Sidra,” is the 2018 photograph by John Moore of a photograph emphasizing a conceptual approach to using documentary images. heroic black-and-white imagery captions reported to have raised $3.8 billion for

56 / ZEKE FALL 2018 ZEKE FALL 2018/ 57 BOOK REVIEWS

archaic and life-threatening manner of to London. From that time on Nina hardly Kim’s drawings and writing, their text preventing the impact of mating persists. photographed but Cathy became a friend messages and letters, and Nina’s photo- Abril utilizes images with select and and part of Nina’s family. In 2007, Cathy graphs, bring depth and poignancy to the concise text thoughtfully and skillfully was in ill health due to HIV and drug use harrowing inhumane details of this story. entwining the historical and the unfathom- and was incarcerated in Rikers Island On pages 212-213 there is a drawing by able with a consistent lens of fact. One prison. It was after this that Nina starting Kim of a life she dreams of - a bedroom of hundred and thirty eight countries restrict a photographing again with no purpose her own with a dog, above that is a pho- woman’s right to a safe and legal abor- other than to record Cathy’s life. tograph by Nina of an amulet of an angel tion. Annually, 21.6 million women experi- All the while Cathy was writing her with Kim’s hand, blurred, gesturing. This ence unsafe abortions resulting in 47,000 own book and asked Nina if she could kind of subtle photography is what brings fourteen trips between 1993 and 2010. women dying. Prohibition does not stop get it published. Nina wasn’t sure but humanity to Kim and her story. In New York, Stein has had a forty-plus the practice of terminating a pregnancy, it began to consider how they could craft There are many difficult scenes year career as a photographer of life on does force women to endanger their lives. this together. In 2014, during a two-week depicted in Kim’s drawings and many AN AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF the street. He is also well known for his The United States has seen conviction of residency at Blue Mountain Center for art- moving photographs by Nina as well. But MISS WISH teaching, most recently at the International foeticide as recently as 2015, and 37 By Nina Berman ists working on stories of sexual violence she did not want to photograph the obvi- Center of Photography. Originally influ- states require parental involvement (if not and human trafficking (that she was also ous— Kim smoking crack, exchanging sex Kehrer Verlag 2018 enced by the 1967 New Documents show consent) for women under 21 years of age doing), she went through her archive and for drugs, etc. As Nina points out, 268 pp./$55 at the Museum of Modern Art, he and ON ABORTION to obtain a legal abortion. worked out some ideas for this book. “Kim is pictured in some ways very other dedicated educators have helped By Laia Abril A photo of the pre-abortion letter sent ina Berman’s An Autobiography Nina often asked Cathy if she was sure straight forward. She’s looking fragile, in mythologize the American street as an Dewi Lewis 2018 to her boyfriend by a 28-year-old Brazilian of Miss Wish is an extraordinary she wanted to do this, and asked her to crisis, sick. She’s messed up, lying in the open studio for making photographic art. 196 pp./ £ 35.00 school teacher is paired with a photo documentary book that brings write down her reasons for wanting this street. How can you see the depth of that N In Mexico: Between Life and Death, Stein of the clinic where she died having the forth the hard truths of sex trafficking, vio- published. Part of the letter she wrote is person and lead the viewer into the story has exemplified the legendary lure of the aia Abril is a deft excavator, a procedure. A glossy-paged double spread lence against women, drug addiction and in the book explaining her reasons. For with these images?” street by directing his camera at Mexico’s cultural anthropologist disguised as a ultrasound screengrab is of a fetus within incarceration. This is a collaborative work Nina, this was more important than any What Kim is searching for is to be seen most dramatic festivals. L multimedia artist, utilizing the light of a nine-year-old Nicaraguan mother. The with Kimberly Stevens, formerly Cathy, legal consent form. as a human being. What Nina wants the Stein is a sophisticated picture maker. photography to illuminate historical human male fetus is her father’s child, the result of “Miss Wish,” whose story is told here. As documentary makers we need to viewer to come away with is that this is a By photographing in black and white, encounters often left in the dark. The his repeated incest begun when she was Nina firmly believes that in order to go talk to the people we are working with person who has been looking for love and he neutralizes the friction of contrasting first chapter ofOn Abortion, “A History seven years old. Eight other countries do deep into a project like this one, cover- and openly lay out what it is we are trying support all her life, who was looking for colors. Documenting the world in shades of Misogyny,” delves into abortion with not consider rape to be a legitimate rea- ing addiction and these difficult issues, to do. With our involvement, sometimes adults to protect her. What does it mean to of gray pushes his pictures toward a tradi- the focus on the repercussions of lack of son to abort. Five nations prohibit abortion it is essential to have it be collaborative. the protagonist might think they can find be lonely and to seek out love? One of the tional street shooter aesthetic. In addition, access. On Abortion, Abril’s third book, is under any circumstance. Otherwise the potential for missteps, some notoriety, get on TV, get rich or get a takeaways she is hopeful for is that people he often under-exposes the white-hot sun to a palimpsest, making visible the layered Within this macabre reality, Abril, exploitation and miscommunication around new life. As Nina made clear, Cathy had will now look at a person on the street and emphasize gorgeous skin tones and telling marks wrought over millennia on the leaves no layer untouched or hidden. She expectations can be harmful and explo- none of these wishes. She knew the book not judge but empathize. details outlined in shadow. He is adept individual bodies of women, and on the introduces us to activists, we read tran- sive. The fact that Kim has been writing all wouldn’t make her life perfect. At the end of the book Kim writes, “My at sorting his crowded frames into dark body collective of the female gender, born scripts of threatening calls made by anti- of her life and making art around her story Nina was clear that Cathy/Kim could eyes are streetwise and if you look closely, and light fragments. In his pictures, facial with a biological imperative to reproduce abortion terrorists to abortion clinicians, makes this a unique collaboration between have her say over what she did and you will see the pain in my eyes. My eyes expressions pop out of the darkness and our species. and we see the portraits of practitioners subject and photographer. didn’t want to reveal. And Nina was very are the way into my memories of fear and dramatic body language can hide in the A compilation of portraits, documentary who have been jailed or murdered for pro- In 1990, Nina went to London where protective and insisted that certain names everything I’ve seen, and somewhere in shadows. Stein’s skilled vision expresses photographs, film stills, advertisements, viding legal health services. We learn of she met Kim (then Cathy) who, along with and references be blacked out, that some there is the real me.” the mystery of Mexico. legal documents and testimonies honor the US advocacy group All Girls Allowed. other street kids and castaways, was hus- of Kim’s secrets should be kept private. —Lori Grinker These duotone images become a visual the horrific truth and undeniable impact of And we are grateful that for a decade, tling to get by. Nina photographed for two She did not want to risk Kim’s safety. The text on how to transform what is in front the incessant war on women’s bodies. The the Dutch advocacy group, Women on weeks learning bits and pieces of Cathy’s only thing Kim was adamant about was a MEXICO: Between Life and of the lens into a successful picture. A pos- book’s pages are unnumbered reflecting Waves, provides global site-specific story. Upon leaving she gave Cathy her photo of her by the Cathedral of St John Death sible distraction in the foreground can be the timelessness and vast expansiveness of resources and online education, answer- phone number and address and promised on 110th Street in Manhattan. She hated by Harvey Stein the subject, the frame, or lead the eye into both the number of years and the number ing over 10,000 emails a month in 17 to keep in touch. Cathy sent Nina her diary it and wanted it out. As Nina pointed out, Kehrer Verlag, 2018 a composition. He keeps his camera close of lives scarred, or killed, due to unwanted languages. Abril’s brave visual narrative is and over time Nina amassed an archive It must have reminded her of something 176 pp./$45 to the action; it seems to parade along conception. Abril documents modes of a necessary exhumation. of Cathy’s psychiatric reports, identifica- really bad. contraception: from three-month-old sheep with the Mexican people he is pictur- tion cards, drawings, letters and writings. This situation is unique on many levels. t is a pleasure to view Harvey Stein’s intestines utilized to form a condom tied to —J. Sybylla Smith ing. Stein brings his inclusive New York Six months after they met, Cathy won a TV If Nina gets paid, Kim gets half. Kim never new photography book, Mexico: a penis with string, to the ancient acidic vision to portray Mexico in all its kinetic music contest and with the prize money expected or asked for this but she is an Between Life and Death. This striking interventions including crocodile dung I magnificence. visited Nina in New York City. This is where artist and Nina believes she should have publication offers Stein’s street photog- inserted into the vagina, to the still-present their long-term relationship began. something for her part in this. rapher aesthetic combined within a —Frank Ward use of piercingly sharp metal cervical stem Cathy came back to New York City in documentary framework. He has selected pessaries inserted into uteruses — our 1993 fearing for her life if she returned one hundred and fifty-seven pictures from

58 / ZEKE FALL 2018 ZEKE FALL 2018/ 59 are markers of a career spent in the mili- This is the background for the gritty, to find beauty in the sunset over Zone 18, tary—newspaper articles, uniforms, boots, bold, beautifully composed, and human- one of the most dangerous neighborhoods medals. But these objects alone don’t centered black and white photographs in Guatemala City, or in his gorgeous night tell the story of a life. As one woman that make up this masterly designed and shots—illuminated by the ambient light of interviewed by Abergil—the sister of a produced book by Pina. His photographs flashlights, klieg lights, or the moon. fallen soldier—notes: “My dad says […] walk us through a city alive with soccer, Two-page color spreads are shot when he looks up at his medals, he starts samba, funk, prisons, gangs, police raids, from the point of view of the migrants, thinking ‘What did you become to me? corpses, and lovers, all watched over documenting what they see as they push Pure medals?[,,,] I told you to not try to be by the statue of Christ the Redeemer on through thick forests or perilously ride atop a hero because the heroes end up in the a 2,300 foot peak overlooking the city. moving freight trains to reach the border. cemetery.” The product of Pina’s work though only Other spreads show the perspective of US There are more images of mundane, begins with the photos. The book itself is UNDOCUMENTED: agents enforcing laws, high atop the border day-to-day possessions, markers of a full a brilliantly designed stage. Interspersing Immigration and the in their surveillance helicopters and drones. life: a handmade ornament on a Christmas 46750 the pages of photos are black uncoated Militarization of the U.S.- The center of the book features full bleed N.O.K: NEXT OF KIN tree, a cigar, a harmonica, an album of by João Pina paper leaves with numbers from 1 through Mexico Border color spreads without captions showing baseball cards, a box of old toy cars. by John Moore By Inbal Abergil FotoEvidence, 2018 46,750 printed in white opaque ink. The the rugged beauty of this cruel and Most of the photographs are extremely powerHouse Books/Getty Images, 2018 Essays by Carol Becker, Maurice Emerson 146 pp./$60 only color in the book is the deep red thankless terrain—aerial views of the Rio close-up—the numbers on a football jersey, 176 pp./$50 Decaul, Fred Ritchin and Stephen Mayes cover and a handful of narrow pages Grande, the border fence snaking through a pearl necklace, and a watch completely 6,750 is the number of homicides interspersed throughout the book and scrublands and canyons, and the Imperial Daylight Books fill the frame. This treatment gives a sense in Rio de Janeiro between 2007 printed with the same red ink on one side veryone has seen the iconic picture. Sand Dunes-—hiding the stark choices Two Volumes, 111 pp. each/$45.00 of the preciousness of the object, how it 4when Rio won the FIFA World Cup and overprinted with poignant poems by The image of a young Honduran that lurk below. From the perspective of is being held in memory, all that it now bid and 2016 when it hosted the World Vivian Salles. The most gruesome photos Egirl crying at the border in Texas as the US border control, Moore shows the he first indication that this is not a represents. Cup games. The extraordinary personal are embedded in foldouts forcing the she and her mother were searched by US exasperation on the migrants’ faces as typical photography book is the There are a handful of wide-format photographs in João Pina’s book, 46750, reader to open up a gatefold to reveal border agents. Featured on the cover of agents close in on them at night. format. N.O.K.: Next of Kin, by T images—a corner of a bedroom with a belie the title. These photographs are not the horror—details of one of the 46,750 Time Magazine, it has become a symbol Moore doesn’t take sides in this book. Inbal Abergil, is printed as two separate backpack on the floor and a snowboard statistics, rather they are real people living, homicides. of Trump’s “zero tolerance” immigration He includes trifolds of portraits “to put a volumes held together with elastic cord. in the corner, a living room that has been working, and dying in real favelas as this The art of making a black and white policies and represents the thousands of human face on a complex story,” sil- Part I contains only photographic plates. converted into an altar to a lost son, a view city and nation struggle with poverty, drugs, documentary photo is painstaking, and children who were separated from their houetted against black backgrounds of Part II, only text. of a bedroom with a photograph on the gangs, and preparing for a signature inter- Pina makes it look obvious and easy. On parents this summer. As I write this review, immigrants from Central America, gang The text is a series of faithfully tran- bedside table. These wider views explore national event—World Cup soccer. page 8-9 is one of the signature images nearly 500 migrant children remain in members whose faces are covered by scribed personal stories—of mothers, loss in a different way, and perhaps in a To put this in perspective, Rio does in the book. According to the caption, detention separated from their families. But handkerchiefs, border patrol agents, fathers, wives, sisters, brothers, and other way that is more accessible to the viewer. not list on the top 50 homicide rates of “Policemen from the DRAE (Civilian Police there is much more than this one image inmates, Dreamers, protesters, and finally, family members of men and women who In a room where a soldier’s possessions cities in the world. The homicide rate in Division Against Weapons and Explosives) to John Moore’s work. Undocumented is new Americans. He shows how undocu- were killed in action, from Iwo Jima to are still laid out as he or she might have left Brazil is far below that of El Salvador, carry the body of a young man, while two an extraordinary volume of photographs mented immigrants live ordinary lives in . Abergil interviewed 18 Gold Star them, death seems even more incongruous. Honduras, Jamaica, South Africa, and the children coming back from school look at taken over ten years of documenting the tidy houses, share meals, and work the families across the US for this project. A room in which a family has carefully laid US Virgin Islands. But at an average of the scene….” But this is not only a news immigration crisis along the entire length farm fields in back-breaking jobs. Their Their unscripted, candid reflections touch out cherished objects makes clear the loss 4,600 homicides per year, this is still more photo. The composition, the gestures, of the border. It is unflinching, honest kids, like all kids, play on trampolines. on the moment they learned their loved they live with every day. than ten times the number of homicides in the facial expressions, the tonality, the and leaves no stone unturned. And every Moore “dealt all the players the one had died, their struggles with loss, But all the photographs convey one New York City—a city with a much larger cropping, make this a classic work of American should read it. measure of respect they deserve” in this and their powerful memories. coherent message: that the possessions population. composition worthy of any Renaissance The book is structured as a six-part continuing tragic narrative. The book is This choice of format—the stories of a loved one—the things they touched, No matter. 46,750 is a sobering painting. story beginning with the origins of flight largely apolitical except for the jarring collected in their own volume rather than wore, played with, wrote, loved—take statistic. Approximately 25% are the result Today when photographers and pub- from impoverished and violent Central photo of the lush green golf course on appearing in a single volume with the pho- on profound meaning in their absence. of police action and the remainder from lishers are seeking ways to expand on the American neighborhoods; moving on to the border, showing the stark economic tographs—gives them the intended weight. Abergil’s photographs, in partnership with gang and other criminal action. 46,750 experience and meaning of a traditional the decision to embark on the perilous disparities while giving a nod to President The photographs complement these the honest and moving personal testimo- people with loved ones. 46,750 people two-dimensional photograph, they can journey north through harsh conditions; Trump’s favorite pastime. personal stories—they don’t overpower nies, tell a story of loss, the struggle to who through circumstances not of their look to how Pina has done this brilliantly the militarized border and the agents who John Moore reminds us that we must them. Printed at a small scale (some only make sense of it, and the attempt to find own making, live in a city that pits law with 46750. monitor it; life in detention with its stark, look beyond the headlines and the four inches wide), the photographs suggest one’s way in its wake. enforcement against residents living in chain-link enclosures and cement floors; statistics. We all have a migration story faithful documentation, intentionally devoid —Glenn Ruga poverty and find themselves involved and finally, the deportation back. In this somewhere in our family history. In many of any interpretation by the artist. —Jenna Mulhall Brereton with, forced into, or seeking out gangs for unending journey of misery, Moore is an ways, their story is ours. The photographs are of the things the protection, identity, and financial support. optimist, ending with the hopeful pag- —Barbara Ayotte soldiers left behind, carefully preserved, Police officers who seek out decent paying eantry of the naturalization ceremonies for cherished by their families. jobs often end up being the target of gangs the newest Americans. Some of the possessions photographed in a city they are trying to keep safe. While Moore’s images don’t hold back from showing brutal violence, he manages

60 / ZEKE FALL 2018 ZEKE FALL 2018/ 61 TRENDING Contributors PHOTOGRAPHERS ON SDN Of the hundreds of exhibits submitted to SDN each year, these four stand out as exemplary the Arab Spring in the Maghreb and Middle ing Pacific Standard, The Atavist Magazine, Photographers and deserving of further attention. East countries for various French and interna- BuzzFeed News, the Texas Observer, The WHAT’S HOT! Taha Ahmad is a documentary tional magazines. She is currently working Marshall Project, and The Walrus Magazine, photographer based in Delhi, India. He on a long-term project about Russian borders, among others. She was previously a staff believes photography has a strong influence using an artistic and personal approach, writer for the Chicago Reader. in creating and developing discourse for the questioning the Slavic soul and her family Jenna Mulhall-Brereton is both a future. Currently, he is covering issues related history. to his community, people and his memories. photographer and a professional in the He is the recipient of The Documentary philanthropy sector—two passions that are Project Fund/Award 2018, among others. Writers fueled by her travels throughout the world. Fred Ritchin began writing on photography Scott Brennan is a photographer living in Barbara Ayotte has served as a senior and digital imaging in 1984 for the Mexico since 2010. His principal interests strategic communications strategist, writer New York Times Magazine. Since then are in documenting the rise of social move- and activist for leading global health, human he has authored three books on the ments and the processes of territory defense rights and media nonprofit organizations, subject: In Our Own Image: The Coming in rural and indigenous regions of Latin including the Nobel Peace Prize- win- Revolution in Photography (1990), After America. His work has appeared in the New ning Physicians for Human Rights and Photography (2008), and Bending the York Times, Time Magazine, BBC and has International Campaign to Ban Landmines. Frame: Photojournalism, Documentary, and been used by Amnesty International. Barbara is SDN’s Communications Director the Citizen (2013), the latter exploring and is Editor of ZEKE magazine. Michele Cirillo is a photographer based media strategies for social change. He is in Rome, Italy who is interested in using Caterina Clerici is an Italian journalist and Dean Emeritus of the International Center of photography to tell stories focusing on human photojournalist for American and Italian Photography. rights issues, identity and health from around online publications, mainly covering news, Glenn Ruga is the Executive Editor of Carol Allen Storey: Out of the Shadows: Abandoned Teen Ann Sophie Lindström: Don't Fence Me In. Horses give the world and how the geopolitical changes social and political issues at a national and ZEKE magazine and founder and director Mothers, . A tragic epidemic of teen pregnancies is young people confidence, self-esteem, and hope, especially of recent years relate to minorities, conflicts international level and diaspora communities of the Social Documentary Network (SDN). permeating the population in Rwanda. Over 17,000 were in a neighborhood like North Philadelphia where the pull of and marginality. in the US. From 2010-2013, he was the Executive pregnant in 2016. Vulnerable girls as young as 13 find themselves the streets is so strong horses have become a blessing. Here Aaron Vincent Elkaim is a documentary Enrique Gili is a freelance writer covering Director of the Photographic Resource Center. in this unwarranted circumstance. Many as a result of rape and a minority of African American low-income people created photographer currently based in Toronto, environmental issues in Southern California From 1995-2007 he was the Director, and others through ignorance of engaging in sexual activities without a safe harbor through keeping horses in this high-crime Canada. He focuses on narratives where and beyond. His focus is the intersection then President, of the Center for Balkan protection. They are left with the awesome responsibility of neighborhood. traditional culture and environmental degra- between nature, science and technology with Development. Ruga is also the owner and becoming a mother when they are still children. dation collide. Since 2011, he has commit- a twist of food politics. creative director of Visual Communications, a ted himself to exploring colonialist narratives graphic design firm located in Concord, MA. where people still connected to the natural Lori Grinker is an award-winning world are being impacted by industrial devel- photographer, artist, educator and filmmaker. J. Sybylla Smith is an independent opment. Aaron addresses the need to protect Her projects revolve around the themes curator with more than 25 solo or group the natural world by revealing our profound of history, culture and identity. She is the exhibitions featuring over 80 international connection to it. Aaron is the winner of author of Afterwar: Veterans from a World in photographers exhibited in the US, Mexico, SDN’s Call for Entries on Documentary in the Conflict,and The Invisible Thread: A Portrait and South America. An adjunct professor, Era of Post-Truth. of Jewish American Women. Her third book, guest lecturer, and thesis advisor, Sybylla has Mike Tyson, will be published by Powerhouse worked with the School of Visual Arts, the Javier Fergo is a freelance photographer/ Books. She is an adjunct professor of School of the Museum of Fine Arts, Wellesley photojournalist and multimedia storyteller photography at New York University’s Arthur College, and Harvard University. based in Spain. He contributes to national L Carter Graduate Journalism program, on Frank Ward is a professor of visual art at newspapers such as El País, El Mundo, ABC, the faculty of the ICP, and teaches workshops Holyoke Community College, Holyoke, MA. Público and internationally to The Wall Street around the world. Journal, The Washington Post and others. In 2012, he gave workshops in Central Asia Joseph Lim is a Film and Media Major as a Cultural Envoy for the US Department Philippe Geslin is an ethnologist who student at Tufts University. He currently works of State. In 2011, he was awarded an Artist studied at the Sorbonne and at the Ecole des for the Tufts Daily as an editorialist and a Fellowship from the Massachusetts Cultural Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales in Paris. former investigative journalist covering the Council for his photography in the former He has contributed to the development of off-campus housing crisis. He is a blogger Soviet Union. He has received numerous anthropotechnology through numerous fields and poet, passionate in writing profile stories awards for his work in the former Soviet Amilton Neves: Godmothers of War, Mozambique tells the Marco Sadori: The Hidden Face of Life in Nepal. The project of research and intervention in Africa, Asia, of the people he meets. Union, former Yugoslavia, Tibet, India, and story of Mozambican women who were sponsored by the is an investigation of Nepal's identity today and its social Latin America and Greenland. Puerto Rico. He is represented by Photo Eye Portuguese government to provide moral support to the soldiers condition. Beyond the widespread stereotype of Nepal as an Tori Marlan is an award-winning indepen- Gallery in Santa Fe, NM. fighting on the frontlines during the war for independence. Aude Osnowycz graduated with a exotic place of calm, peace and happiness, there is a very dent journalist whose stories expose abuses Many of these women were rewarded with influential positions master’s degree in geopolitics and began her complex reality, where the identity is not well defined. A place of power, illuminate subcultures, and profile in society and some were given houses by the Portuguese photojournalism career in 2011 when she where poverty, marginalization, and homelessness are all part fascinating but unheralded people. Her work government. In 1974, when the war ended these women were spent four years documenting the impacts of of the human landscape. has been published by many outlets, includ- ostracized for their role in supporting the colonial forces.

62 / ZEKE FALL 2018 ZEKE FALL 2018/ 63 Fall 2018 Vol. 4/No. 2

ZEKE is published by Social Documentary Network (SDN), an SDN is ten! Your support matters as we enter organization promoting visual storytelling about global themes. Started as a website in 2008, today SDN works with thousands our second decade of telling truth. of photographers around the world to tell important stories through the visual medium of photography and multimedia. Since THE MAGAZINE OF GLOBAL DOCUMENTARY 2008, SDN has featured more than 3,000 exhibits on its website ZEKEPublished by Social Documentary Network and has had gallery exhibitions in major cities around the world. For ten years, SDN has been reaching All the work featured in ZEKE first appeared on the SDN website, out to documentary photographers www.socialdocumentary.net. Donors to SDN’s Tenth Anniversary from all parts of the globe to tell Campaign stories and show images that you do ZEKE ZEKE is published twice a year by not see elsewhere—images of real ZEKE magazine and SDN would like to thank the following Social Documentary Network Executive Editor: Glenn Ruga donors to our Tenth Anniversary Campaign. Support from private people experiencing the real joys Editor: Barbara Ayotte Copyright © 2018 and struggles of daily life. Stories that individuals is essential for ZEKE and SDN to continue publishing. Social Documentary Network If you would like to support the campaign, please visit Social Documentary matter. ISSN 2381-1390 www.socialdocumentary.net/cms/support-us Network ZEKE does not accept unsolicited We started out as a website in 2008 Founder & Director: Glenn Ruga Founding Sponsor submissions. To be considered for and in 2015 began publishing ZEKE Communications Director: Roree Iris Williams publication in ZEKE, submit your magazine, allowing us to present Barbara Ayotte work to the SDN website either as Intern: Joseph Lim visual stories in a print form with Benefactor a standard exhibit or a submission greater in-depth writing. SDN Advisory Committee to a Call for Entries. Contributing Anonymous Donor photographers can choose to pay “SDN has been publishing stories by photographers Some of the stories we have presented on SDN Marietta Pathy Allen Lori Grinker, New York, NY a fee for their work to be exhibted reporting from their home communities long before and in ZEKE include the migration and refugee Edward Boches Independent Photographer and on SDN for a year or they can the broader western photo community understood choose a free trial. Free trials have crisis, the war in Syria, women in the workplace, Rudi Dundas Educator the urgency to present diverse viewpoints and the same opportunity to be pub- climate change and global warming, maternal voices from around the world. A look back at SDN’s Martha Kongsgaard and Peter Goldman Catherine Karnow, San Francisco, lished in ZEKE as paid exhibits. CA health in Africa and Haiti, and life in Vietnam today. archive reveals a deep trove of global talent and Susan Mazer To Subscribe: Independent Photographer and storytelling.” Jamey Stillings Photography, Inc. www.zekemagazine.com Since 2008, we have presented more than 3,000 Educator exhibits on our website by more than 2,000 —Amy Yenkin Sustainer Advertising Inquiries: Former Director, Documentary Photography Project, Ed Kashi, Montclair, NJ [email protected] photographers from all corners of the globe! Open Society Foundations Judy and Bob Ayotte Member of VII photo agency Robert I. Usdan and Amy Yenkin Photographer, Filmmaker, Educator Your support will allow us to continue “Under continued pressure to sustain news and Reza, Paris, France Supporter documentary, the Social Documentary Network is a Photographer and Humanist into the next decade masterful bastion staunchly showcasing the labors Joan Lobis Brown Molly Roberts, Washington, DC SDN and ZEKE are very fortunate to continue our of dedicated photographers who visually reveal the Connie Frisbee Houde Senior Photography Editor, relationship with our nonprofit fiscal sponsor, Talking questions that confront us.” Morrie Gasser National Geographic Eyes Media. Your support of SDN/ZEKE through Talking —Lou Jones Vivien Goldman Eyes Media at the link below is 100% tax-deductible. Founder, panAFRICAproject Jeffrey D. Smith, New York NY Michael Kane Director, Contact Press Images Mary Ellen Keough Make a tax-deductible contribution today Jamey Stillings, Sante Fe, NM www.socialdocumentary.net/cms/support-us THE MAGAZINE John Parisi Independent Photographer OF GLOBAL DOCUMENTARY Bruce Rosen Steve Walker, Danbury, CT ZEKE Bob and Janet Walerstein Winston www.socialdocumentary.net www.zekemagazine.com Consultant and Educator

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