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ANTITHROMBOTIC DRUGS in CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

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ANTITHROMBOTIC DRUGS in CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE F/B Cover aw:Layout 1 9/2/08 22:51 Page 1 Clinical Guide to the Use of SIMON KASTRATI ANGIOLILLO ANTITHROMBOTIC DRUGS in CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE Clinical Guide to the Use of Edited by Dominick J Angiolillo, Adnan Kastrati and Daniel I Simon Foreword by Eugene Braunwald ANTITHROMBOTIC DRUGS in Clinical Guide to the Use of The understanding of the importance of platelets and coagulation factors in atherothrombotic events has led to the widespread ANTITHROMBOTIC DRUGS CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE use as well as continuous development of new antithrombotic agents. This field of cardiovascular pharmacology has advanced at a very rapid rate. Understanding the basic principles of atherothrombosis as well as the pharmacological agents currently available or under clinical development are key to health care professionals treating patients with atherothrombotic manifestations, in particular coronary artery disease. Section Contents: In Clinical Guide to the Use of Antithrombotic Drugs in Coronary Artery Disease Basic concepts of atherothrombosis Drs Angiolillo, Kastrati and Simon, along with 51 international well-recognized Antithrombotic drugs and established contributors have created chapters which describe: • Oral antiplatelet drugs • the basic concepts of atherothrombosis • Intravenous antiplatelet drugs • the pharmacological principles, indications for use, and pitfalls of • Thrombin inhibitors and thrombin antithrombotic agents most commonly utilized in treating patients generation inhibitors with coronary artery disease • Fibrinolytic therapy • special clinical scenarios which may imply a multi-pharmacological Special situations in approach or which represent undesired effects of antithrombotic agents CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE WITH CONTRIBUTIONS FROM: Fernando Alfonso Raphaelle Dumaine Adnan Kastrati Christian T Ruff Dominick J Angiolillo John W Eikelboom Ken Kozuma Manel Sabaté Elliott M Antman Francisco Fernández-Avilés Takaaki Isshiki Pedro L Sánchez Lina Badimon Antonio Fernández-Ortiz Eli Lev Melchior Seyfarth Theodore A Bass Andrew L Frelinger III Lori-Ann Linkins Dirk Sibbing Edited by Nicolas von Beckerath Desmond Fitzgerald Carlos Macaya Daniel I Simon Joshua A Beckman Rajeev Garg Alan D Michelson Peter R Sinnaeve Dominick J Angiolillo Peter B Berger Meinrad Gawaz Shamir R Mehta Alexander G Turpie Esther Bernardo Robert P Giugliano David J Moliterno Gemma Vilahur Deepak L Bhatt Luis A Guzman Gilles Montalescot Theodore E Warkentin Adnan Kastrati Piera Capranzano Howard C Herrmann David A Morrow Jeffrey I Weitz Raffaele De Caterina Steven Jain Sahil A Parikh Frans J Van de Werf Daniel I Simon Wai-Hong Chen Joseph Jozic Karthik Reddy Stephen D Wiviott Marco A Costa Neal Kleiman Giulia Renda Marco Zimarino Foreword by Eugene Braunwald 9 781841 846392 www.informahealthcare.com Clinical Guide to the Use of Antithrombotic Drugs in Coronary Artery Disease Edited by Dominick J Angiolillo MD PhD University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville Jacksonville, FL USA Adnan Kastrati MD Deutsches Herzenntrum Munchen Munchen Germany Daniel I Simon MD Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland, OH USA © 2008 Informa UK Ltd First published in the United Kingdom in 2008 by Informa Healthcare, Telephone House, 69-77 Paul Street, London EC2A 4LQ. Informa Healthcare is a trading division of Informa UK Ltd. Registered Office: 37/41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH. Registered in England and Wales number 1072954. Tel: +44 (0)20 7017 5000 Fax: +44 (0)20 7017 6699 Website: www.informahealthcare.com All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 0LP. Although every effort has been made to ensure that all owners of copyright material have been acknowledged in this publication, we would be glad to acknowledge in subsequent reprints or editions any omissions brought to our attention. Although every effort has been made to ensure that drug doses and other information are presented accurately in this publication, the ultimate responsibility rests with the prescribing physician. Neither the publishers nor the authors can be held responsible for errors or for any consequences arising from the use of information contained herein. For detailed prescribing information or instructions on the use of any product or procedure discussed herein, please consult the prescribing information or instructional material issued by the manufacturer. A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Data available on application ISBN-10: 1 84184 639 2 ISBN-13: 978 1 84184 639 2 Distributed in North and South America by Taylor & Francis 6000 Broken Sound Parkway, NW, (Suite 300) Boca Raton, FL 33487, USA Within Continental USA Tel: 1 (800) 272 7737; Fax: 1 (800) 374 3401 Outside Continental USA Tel: (561) 994 0555; Fax: (561) 361 6018 Email: [email protected] Book orders in the rest of the world Paul Abrahams Tel: +44 (0) 207 017 4036 Email: [email protected] Composition by Exeter Premedia Servies Private Ltd., Chennai, India Printed and bound in India by Replika Press Pvt Ltd. Contents List of Contributors v Foreword ix Eugene Braunwald Preface xi Color Plates xiii Section I Basic concepts of atherothrombosis 1 1. Fundamentals of the thrombosis cascade: interaction between platelets and the coagulation cascade 3 Lina Badimon, Antonio Fernández-Ortiz, and Gemma Vilahur 2. Platelet receptors and their role in atherothrombosis 11 Harald Langer and Meinrad Gawaz 3. Laboratory assessment of platelet function and coagulation 19 Alan D Michelson, Andrew L Frelinger III, and Jeffrey I Weitz Section II Antithrombotic drugs II.A Oral antiplatelet drugs 33 4. Cyclooxygenase inhibition in atherothrombotic disease 35 Orina Belton, Sarah McClelland and Des Fitzgerald 5. P2Y12 receptor antagonism: from bench to bedside 45 Dominick J Angiolillo and Esther Bernardo 6. Timing, dosing and length of clopidogrel therapy 53 Nicolas von Beckerath and Adnan Kastrati 7. Resistance to antiplatelet drugs: aspirin 61 Wai-Hong Chen and Daniel I Simon 8. Resistance to antiplatelet drugs: clopidogrel 67 Christian M Valina, Dietmar Trenk, and Franz-Josef Neumann 9. Prasugrel – a third-generation thienopyridine 79 Stephen D Wiviott and Elliott M Antman 10. Direct oral P2Y12 inhibition: AZD6140 (Ticagrelor) 85 Steen Husted and Christopher P Cannon 11. Emerging oral antiplatelet receptor inhibitors 91 Lori-Ann Linkins, John W Eikelboom, and Alexander G Turpie iv Contents II.B Intravenous antiplatelet drugs 99 12. Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists: fundamental and pharmacological aspects 101 Joseph Jozic and David J Moliterno 13. Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists: a guide to patient selection and optimal use 107 Dirk Sibbing, Melchior Seyfarth and Peter B Berger 14. Cangrelor 115 Thomas P Carrigan and Deepak L Bhatt II.C Thrombin inhibitors and thrombin generation inhibitors 125 15. Indirect thrombin inhibitors: fundamentals and guide to optimal therapy using unfractionated 127 heparin and low-molecular-weight heparins Raphaelle Dumaine and Gilles Montalescot 16. Direct thrombin inhibitors 135 Rajeev Garg, Neal Kleiman, and Eli Lev 17. Fondaparinux in acute coronary syndromes 145 Shamir R Mehta 18. Tissue factor inhibitors 153 Christian T Ruff, David A Morrow, and Robert P Giugliano II.D Fibrinolytic therapy 161 19. Fibrinolytics: current indications and treatment modalities in the absence of mechanical reperfusion 163 Peter R Sinnaeve and Frans J Van de Werf 20. Fibrinolytics and percutaneous coronary intervention 177 Pedro L Sánchez and Francisco Fernández-Avilés Section III Special situations 187 21. Role of facilitated percutaneous coronary intervention in ST-elevation myocardial infarction 189 Karthik Reddy and Howard C Herrmann 22. Antithrombotic treatment in vein graft interventions 197 Luis A Guzman and Theodore A Bass 23. Antiplatelet therapy in diabetes mellitus 205 Dominick J Angiolillo, Piera Capranzano, and Carlos Macaya 24. Stent thrombosis in the era of drug-eluting stents 211 Marco A Costa, Manel Sabaté, and Fernando Alfonso 25. Bleeding complications: anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy control 221 Ken Kozuma and Takaaki Isshiki 26. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: etiopathogenesis, clinical presentation, and management 229 Theodore E Warkentin 27. Antithrombotic therapies for patients with cerebrovascular, peripheral arterial, and coronary 241 artery disease Sahil A Parikh and Joshua A Beckman 28. Dual antiplatelet strategies in patients requiring vitamin K antagonists 251 Giulia Renda, Marco Zimarino and Raffaele De Caterina Appendix 263 Steven Jain and Daniel I Simon Index 271 Contributors Fernando Alfonso MD PhD Peter B Berger MD Cardiovascular Institute Center for Clinical Studies Hospital Clínico San Carlos Geisinger Clinic Madrid Danville, PA Spain USA Dominick J Angiolillo MD PhD Esther Bernardo BSc Division of Cardiology Cardiovascular Institute University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville San Carlos University Hospital Jacksonville, FL Madrid USA Spain MD Elliott M Antman Deepak L Bhatt MD FACC FSCAI FESC FACP Cardiovascular
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