Software Directories for Microcomputers: an Annotated Bibliography Second Edition
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Aboard the Impulse Train: an Analysis of the Two- Channel Title Music Routine in Manic Miner Kenneth B
All aboard the impulse train: an analysis of the two- channel title music routine in Manic Miner Kenneth B. McAlpine This is the author's accepted manuscript. The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40869-015-0012-x All Aboard the Impulse Train: An analysis of the two-channel title music routine in Manic Miner Dr Kenneth B. McAlpine University of Abertay Dundee Abstract The ZX Spectrum launched in the UK in April 1982, and almost single- handedly kick-started the British computer games industry. Launched to compete with technologically-superior rivals from Acorn and Commodore, the Spectrum had price and popularity on its side and became a runaway success. One area, however, where the Spectrum betrayed its price-point was its sound hardware, providing just a single channel of 1-bit sound playback, and the first-generation of Spectrum titles did little to challenge the machine’s hardware. Programmers soon realised, however, that with clever machine coding, the Spectrum’s speaker could be encouraged to do more than it was ever designed to. This creativity, borne from constraint, represents a very real example of technology, or rather limited technology, as a driver for creativity, and, since the solutions were not without cost, they imparted a characteristic sound that, in turn, came to define the aesthetic of ZX Spectrum music. At the time, there was little interest in the formal study of either the technologies that support computer games or the social and cultural phenomena that surround them. This retrospective study aims to address that by deconstructing and analysing a key turning point in the musical life of the ZX Spectrum. -
More Real Applications for the ZX 81 and ZX Spectrum
More Real Applications for the ZX 81 and ZX Spectrum Macmillan Computing Books Assembly Language Programming for the BBC Microcomputer Ian Birnbaum Advanced Programming for the 16K ZX81 Mike Costello Microprocessors and Microcomputers - their use and programming Eric Huggins The Alien, Numbereater, and Other Programs for Personal Computers with notes on how they were written John Race Beginning BASIC Peter Gosling Continuing BASIC Peter Gosling Program Your Microcomputer in BASIC Peter Gosling Practical BASIC Programming Peter Gosling The Sinclair ZX81 - Programming for Real Applications Randle Hurley More Real Applications for the Spectrum and ZX81 Randle Hurley Assembly Language Assembled - for the Sinclair ZX81 Tony Woods Digital Techniques Noel Morris Microprocessor and Microcomputer Technology Noel Morris Understanding Microprocessors B. S. Walker Codes for Computers and Microprocessors P. Gosling and Q. Laarhoven Z80 Assembly Language Programming for Students Roger Hutty More Real Applications for the ZX81 and ZX Spectrum Randle Hurley M © Randle Hurley 1982 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form of by any means, without permission. Published by THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD London and Basingstoke Company and representatives throughout the world ISBN 978-0-333-34543-6 ISBN 978-1-349-06604-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-06604-9 The paperback edition of this book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher's prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. -
CLONE WARS Get a Brazilian
April 2018 Issue 21 PLUS CLONE WARS Get a Brazilian.. Includes material MIND YOUR LANGUAGE not in the video Continued programming show! feature CONTENTS 16. CLONE WARS The Brazilian clones explored. 22. MIND YOUR LANGUAGE 12. OMNI 128HQ Spectrum languages. A new Speccy arrives. FEATURES GAME REVIEWS 4 News from 1987 Knight Lore 6 Find out what was happening back in 1987. Elixir Vitae 8 12 Isometric Games Grand Prix Championship 9 Knightlore and more. Viagem ao Centro da terra 14 16 Clone Wars Exploration of the Brazilian clones. Kung Fu Knights 20 24 Mind Your Language Sewer Rage 21 More languages from George. Dominator 22 32 Play Blackpool Report from the recent event. Spectres 23 36 Vega Games Wanted: Monty Mole 30 Games without instructions on the Vega. 3D Tunnel 31 38 Grumpy Ogre Retro adventuring and championship moaning. Gauntlet 34 42 Omni 128HQ Laptop A new Spectrum arrives. And more…. Page 2 www.thespectrumshow.co.uk EDITORIAL elcome to issue 21 and thank you W I was working on several things at the for taking the time to download and same time on two different comput- read it. ers. I was doing some video editing on As series seven of The Spectrum Show my main PC and at the same time checking emails and researching fu- comes to an end with a mammoth end say, I am impressed with it. It’s a Har- ture features on my little Macbook Air. of series special, the next series is al- lequin (Spectrum modern clone) main ready well underway in the planning Strangely, both required an update, so board fitted inside a new 48K style stages. -
QL· Technical Guide
QL· Technical Guide by Tony Tebby and David Karlin Edited by Michèle Wright First published in 1985 Sinclair Research Ltd 25 Willis Road, Cambridge CB1 2AQ, England ISBN 1 850160368 Documentation and packaging © Sinclair Research Ltd sinclair logo, QL and QL Technical Guide are Registered Trade Marks of Sinclair Research Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this program, documentation or packaging may be reproduced in any form. Unauthorized copying, hiring, lending or sale and repurchase prohibited. Made in the UK. Contents \ 1.0 About this Guide 4 2.0 Introduction to Qdos 6 2.1 Memory Map 7 2.2 Calling Qdos Routines 10 2.3 Exception Processing 14 2.4 Start-up 16 3.0 Machine Code Programming on the QL 17 3.1 Jobs 17 3.2 SuperBASIC Procedures and Functions 20 3.3 Tasks 21 3.4 Operating System Extensions 21 4.0 Memory Allocation 22 4.1 Heap Mechanism 23 5.0 Input/Output on the QL 24 5.1 Serial I/O 25 5.2 File I/O 26 5.3 Screen and Console I/O 27 6.0 Qdos Device Drivers 31 6.1 Device Driver Memory Allocation 32 6.2 Device Driver Initialisation 32 6.3 Physical Layer 33 6.4 The Access Layer 34 7.0 Directory Device Drivers 38 7.1 Initialisation of a Directory Driver 39 7.2 Access Layer 40 7.3 Slaving 44 8.0 Built-in Device Drivers 46 1 Contents continued 9.0 Interfacing to SuperBASIC 47 9.1 Memory Organisation within the SuperBASIC Area 47 9.2 The Name Table 48 9.3 Name List 49 9.4 Variable Values Area 49 9.5 Storage Formats 50 9.6 Code Restrictions 52 9.7 Linking in New Procedures and Functions 52 9.8 Parameter Passing 52 9.9 Getting the Values -
Page 1 of 4 Sinclair ZX80 Computer 1/24/2013
Sinclair ZX80 computer Page 1 of 4 Home Page Old Ads Links Search Buy/Sell! Sinclair ZX80 Anouncedced: February 1980 Available: Late 1980 Price: £99.95 / US$199.95 How many: 50,000 Weight: 12 ounces CPU: Zilog Z80A @ 3.25MHz RAM: 1K, 64K max Display: 22 X 32 text hooks to TV Ports: memory, cassette Peripherals: Sinclair thermal printer OS: ROM BASIC For just $199.95, you can get a complete, powerful, full- function computer, matching or surpassing other personal computers costing several times more. The Sinclair ZX80 is an extraordinary personal computer, compact and briefcase sized, it weighs just 12oz, yet in performance it matches and surpasses systems many times its size and price. The ZX80 is an advanced example of microelectronics design. Inside, it has one-tenth the number of parts of existing comparable machines. In 1980, British company Sinclair released their ZX80 computer for £99.95 (British pound available in the United States, it is considered to be the world's first computer for under U that's what Sinclair Research Ltd stated in all of their ads. At the bottom of the magazine advertisements was an order form: "Please send me __ ZX computer(s) for $199.95 each ..." The ZX-80 was designed with only the base necessit the shelf components - there are no custom or propri involved. An external cassette drive, typical of the era, is the o loading and saving programs. Even cheaper at £75.95 in a kit form, the inexpensive Sinclair ZX-80 introduced many people to the computer world who might otherwise have forth due to the perceived high prices of other albeit more capable computer systems. -
Issue #1 August 2015 Zxzine Table of Contents
zxzine Issue #1 August 2015 zxzine table of contents Published by: Timothy Swenson [email protected] [email protected] Editorial .......................... 1 ZXzine is published as a service to the Sinclair ZX81 community. Writers are invited to submit articles for publication. Readers The ZX80 and ZX81 are invited to submit article In The USA ........................... 1 ideas. Created using Open Source Tools: Plotting with Z88dk ........................... 5 OpenOffice Scribus Gimp SZ81 EightyOne ZX81 BASIC Compilers ........................... 6 Copyright 2015 Timothy Swenson Drawing a Line ........................... 8 Creative Commons License Attribution NonCommercial ShareAlike Astronomical Algorithms On You are free: The ZX81 ........................... 9 To copy, distribute, display, and perform the work. MicroSync Services ........................... 10 To make derivitive works. To redistribute the work. Editorial doing right. Ideas for article is invited, along with articles themselves. The topics of articles can be I've been a ZX81 user since the first was advertised anything that is ZX81 related. I'm hoping that the in the United States and used it for a number of ZX81 community will find the ezine interesting, years, including using it as much as I could in my entertaining and useful. first two years of college. Eventually moved on to the QL, but still liked the ZX81. A few years ago, I had the programming itch and decided to do a little The ZX80 and ZX81 assembly programming using emulators and ZX81 in the USA cross assemblers. Since then I've touched on C with Z88dk. What I like about the ZX81 is that I don't Sinclair Research Limited have to spend any time worrying about the user interface or making the program pretty. -
Didaktik Gama 192 Editoriale
Periodico di informazione sul mondo Sinclair e Spectrum N°4 Agosto - Settembre 2004 Copyleft 2004 Stefano Guida autore ed editore In questo numero: 1 - Didaktik Gama 192 Editoriale 2 - Spectrum... di sinistra? L'estate e' arrivata e come tutti Didaktik Gama che e' l'occasione come sempre per 2 - ZX81 gli anni, in questo periodo, le disponibile ad una cifra piuttosto ricordare a tutti voi che se volete 3 - Compatibilita' ZX Spectrum notizie e le novità ovviamente modica; ci sara' uno spazio scrivere un articolo per questa e altri cloni scarseggiano per poi riprendere dedicato alle curiosità alcune rivista potete farlo inviandolo 3 - Sir Clive ci riprova a pieno ritmo all'inizio delle quali anche divertenti, all'indirizzo: dell'autunno. articoli presi da internet e [email protected] . 3 - Vinili per Spectrum In questo numero affronteremo addirittura uno scritto da un Verrà pubblicato sul prossimo quindi gli argomenti che in appassionato lettore di questa numero con tanto di 4 - Minigame 2004 questi ultimi mesi hanno stessa rivista autore di un ringraziamenti per la 4 - Nuovi cloni popolato il web parlando anche programma molto utile nella collaborazione. dello ZX81. Una particolare gestione dei nastri ormai S.G. 4 - Damtape attenzione va al nuovo clone del deteriorati. Colgo quindi [email protected] 5 - Collegare un +2A/+3 via Scart 5 - QL Neeting 2004 5 - Mistrum Didaktik Gama 192 6 - Strane periferiche Come annunciato nel numero precedente, una Didaktik (che attualmente produce alcuni articoli 6 - Il clone del mese delle novità più discusse recentemente è il di componentistica e controllori di processi) alla 6 - Vignetta & ringraziamenti Didaktik Gama 192K. -
Sinclair ZX80; Microace
Australia first EIR• • II under $300 COVIP 4fty 404ti.,, 4..uttfillrevq411,qkIrkikt\r""" 11e ,\\\■ -,--- - , 4 \\\ '--3 -- 44, ■140 , -_,- ,--- 6\\ ,= , 'ASV \\\\\I' is ----,,----- ■r\A\, \A\V, w„ , * '0,-,, A t ,s,,- --- \\t• - Anv '''----,--- '4,-.\\P\W \\**1 Remember — all prices shown include sales "\\- 7\\\\W `" ATIOW , tax, postage and packing. \\4% %tv ■\4it\‘ \\\\ 411V N.B. Your Sinclair ZX80 may qualify as a business expense. „ mum -British made. Until now, building your own computer could single key entry. Unique syntax check. Only POKE enable entry of machine code instruc- cost you around $600 — and still leave you with lines with correct syntax are accepted into tions, USR causes jump to a user's machine only a bare board for your trouble. The Sinclair programs. A cursor identifies errors immediate- language sub-routine, High resolution graphics ZX80 changes all that. For just $295 you get ly, preventing entry of long and complicated with 22 standard graphic symbols. The Sinclair everything you need including leads for direct programs with faults only to discover them when teach-yourself-BASIC manual 96 page book free connection to your own cassette recorder and you run. with every kit. television. The ZX80 really is a complete, Excellent string handling capability — takes Fewer chips, compact design, volume produc- powerful full-facility computer matching or sur- up to 26 string variables of any length. All tion means MORE POWER FOR YOUR passing, other personal computers costing much strings can undergo all rational tests (e.g. com- DOLLAR! The ZX80 owes its low price to its more. The ZX80 is programmed in BASIC and parison). -
1984 Sinclair Research QL Launch Press
,L --m -u --c ID 11 128Kmemory 32-bit processor Professional keyboard Two Microdrives built in High-resolution colour display Software included: spreadsheet, database, word-processing, business graphics Incalr• • Sheer professional power in the special Sinclair style 5iinl::lair 1 QL -the Sinclair quantum leap In 1980, Sinclair startled the world with a computer for less than £100. It had 1K RPM. It had a black-and-white display. By today's standards, it was almost primitive. But it worked -and the ZX80 started Britain's compu er revolution. Fou r years - and ree com puters -later, Sinclair is intro ducing a product: . is even more revolutionary than the ZX80: the Sinclair OL I e::>resents a quantum leap in personal micro capability The S' rO L.- o~ers an incredible 128K RPM-expandable to 640K uses 2. 3 - - "ocessor - e advanced Motorola 68008 chip. ~ e e .. ' a suite of four programs which 1ex isting micros. 1 -I iaodrives, each offering 1OOK of storage ata. - as e orking capability; a full-size OWERTY keyboard; operating system - ODOS - which accommodates .-tasking It drives colour and monochrome monitors and TV, incorporates RS-232-C serial interfaces, accepts joystick cursor control ... It allows you to do more than any other micro available today. It tackles business routines with confidence. It plays games of altogether exceptional sophistication. It makes the most complex programs simpler and faster to write or run. And because it's so powerful, it's uniquely user-friendly-gentle and helpful with beginners, flexible and responsive to advanced programmers. In fact, the Sinclair OL matches and surpasses the performance of machines costing thousands of pounds. -
Greenstreet Publisher
ZXF05: 31 PRICE LIST (prices checked 30 March 2003) Top tips for using PAW with an emulator New hardware: PC-PSU with supply for 2 Floppies and MB02 36,00 € 'overlays,' as they were called - Use an emulator. You probably were going to anyway, but just in case MB02-Printerlead 13,00 € to add extra features to the you were tempted to go for the 'performance art' process of using real Spectrum +2A, new and original package, complete 219,00 € system was included. Essentially hardware, consider the pain of having to SAVE and VERIFY your Proface AT Extern (Interface for connecting PC-Keyboards to Spectrum) 69,00 € KS a modular system anyway (48K adventure game database each time you end a PAW session with the Proface AT Intern (internal interface) 62,00 € KS users didn't get the whole system simplicity of a quick snapshot save. at once and had to load in and Melodik AY-Soundbox (unboxed) 24,00 € KS Speed up your emulator to about 300 per cent to speed up the entry of out of memory the various +2 Cassette recorder 36,00 € long text passages (the cursor gets slower... and... slower... the more you modules - location text, process Floppy Disc drive (1,86 with MB02, 720k with Opus, 780k with +D) Please specify 24,00 € type). Any faster though and key presses might be missed. Speed it up tables, etc - as required, which all the way when using the text compressor, however. PSU for +2A/B and +3 or PSUl for +2 (also 48k and 128k) Please specify 29,00 € must have been a chore), the FDD lead for 2 drives 4,00 € potential for these was Run two seperate emulator windows - one for editing, the other for Multiface 128 (works also on 48k Spectrums 26,00 € enourmous, but the only testing; alternatively you could use two seperate emulators. -
ZXF08.Pdf Download
08 Spectrum computing today www.cwoodcock.co.uk/zxf PRICE LIST (prices checked 20 April 2004) New: PC-PSU with supply for 2 Floppies and MB02 36,00 € MB02-Printerlead 13,00 € Proface AT Extern (Interface for connecting PC-Keyboards to Spectrum) 69,00 € KS Proface AT Intern (internal interface) 62,00 € KS Melodik AY-Soundbox (unboxed) 24,00 € KS +2 Cassette recorder 36,00 € Floppy Disc drive (1,86 with MB02, 720k with Opus, 780k with +D) Please specify 24,00 € PSU for +2A/B and +3 or PSUl for +2 (also 48k and 128k) Please specify 29,00 € FDD lead for 2 drives 4,00 € Multiface 128 (works also on 48k Spectrums 26,00 € Dust Cover 48k+/128k 8,00 € Plus 3 Tapelead 9,90 € Normal Tapelead 3,00 € Spectrum +2 Lightpen 36,00 € Spectrum +3 Lightpen 27,00 € Phaser Gun with Software (Tape or +3) 19,00 € SCART-Monitor cable (choose for 128k/+2 or +2A/+3) 25,00 € VGA-BOX (connect Spectrum 128/+2 to VGA monitor) 49,00 € VGA-BOX Multi purpose (Connect any PC monitor to Spectrum 128/+2) 79,00 € +3 drive belt 2,00 € Silver paper for ZX Printer 5,00 € Keyboard membrane 48k 11,00 € Keyboard membrane Spectrum +/128k, new quality, not aging 21,00 € Spectrum keyword stickers 8,00 € Used: Sinclair ZX Spectrum 128k, complete with all cables 129,00 € Sinclair ZX Spectrum +2, complete with all cables 79,00 € Sinclair ZX Spectrum +2A, complete with all cables 69,00 € Sinclair ZX Spectrum +3, built in 3'' drive, complete with all cables 99,00 € Sinclair Spectrum 48k (Gummy), complete with all cables + Introduction Tape 64,00 € Sinclair Spectrum 48k +, complete with all cables + Introduction Tape 64,00 € +3 Drive (tested) 29,00 € Interface I 69,00 € Microdrive 25,00 € Wafadrive 39,00 € Opus Discovery Diskinterface with 1 x 720k Drive (new ROM) 119,00 € Joystick interface 1-Port 3,00 € 2-Port 11,00 € Joystick (many different) 2,50 € Sinclair SJS-Joystick (+2/+3) 6,00 € Consumables: Microdrive Cartridges (ex-software) 3,50 € Wafadrive Cartridges 16K= 7,00 €, 32K= 7,50 € Also we have a lot of Software offers and books. -
July 30Th [April 15], Modified to Support a Sir Clive Marles Hand-Wired Framebuffer Made Sinclair up of 16 Memory Cards
The program ran on a Data General Nova 800 minicomputer July 30th [April 15], modified to support a Sir Clive Marles hand-wired framebuffer made Sinclair up of 16 memory cards. This Tik-Tok meant that 8-bit images with a Born: 30 July 1940; resolution of 640 x 480 could be July 30, 1907 Richmond, Surrey manipulated. Tik-Tok first appeared in "Ozma Sinclair founded Sinclair Shoup later received both an of Oz" by L. Frank Baum, Radionics on July 25 1961, and Emmy and an Academy Award becoming one of the first robots went on to produce the first for this work. to appear in modern literature. slim-line electronic pocket He was also an avid musician in and probably the best calculator in 1972 (the Sinclair his spare time, playing jazz remembered, although the term Executive). trombone in various bands “robot” wasn't invented until the around the Bay Area. 1920s, in the play R.U.R [Jan 25]. In [Feb 00] 1978, his current The very first robot in modern company, Science of Cambridge, literature is usually deemed to launched a microcomputer kit, be Edward S. Ellis’ Steam Man the MK14. In May 1979 Jim Van Lynn Jacobson [March 24]. Westwood started the ZX80 project at the company, which Born: July 30th, 1950; went on sale on [Jan 29] 1980. California Sinclair Research (yet another new name) went on to release Jacobson was one of the primary the ZX81 [March 5], the ZX developers of the TCP/IP Spectrum [April 23], and the protocol stack [Sept 9], Sinclair QL [Jan 12].