DOCSLIB.ORG

Nazi War Crimes & Japanese Imperial Government Records Interagency

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Nazi War Crimes & Japanese Imperial Government Records Interagency Nazi War Crimes & Japanese Imperial Government Records Interagency Working Group Final Report to the United States Congress April 2007 Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Interagency Working Group Final Report to the United States Congress Published April 2007 1-880875-30-6 “In a world of conflict, a world of victims and executioners, it is the job of thinking people not to be on the side of the executioners.” — Albert Camus iv IWG Membership Allen Weinstein, Archivist of the United States, Chair Thomas H. Baer, Public Member Richard Ben-Veniste, Public Member Elizabeth Holtzman, Public Member Historian of the Department of State The Secretary of Defense The Attorney General Director of the Central Intelligence Agency Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation National Security Council Director of the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum vi IWG Steven Hamilton (Archives Specialist) Allen Weinstein (Chair, 2006-2007) Miriam Kleiman (Researcher) Stewart Aly, Department of Defense Sean Morris (Researcher) Edward Arnold, Department of the Army Richard Myers (Senior Archivist) Susan Arnold, National Security Agency Whitney Noland (Researcher) Thomas Baer, Public Member Michael Petersen (Researcher) Steve Baker, FBI Jack Saunders (Contract Specialist) Richard Ben-Veniste, Public Member Robert Skwirot (Researcher) Christina Bromwell, Department of Defense Eric Van Slander (Researcher) Paul Claussen, Department of State David Van Tassel (Staff Director) John E. Collingwood, FBI Richard Corriveau, National Security Agency Historical Staff Brian Downing, Department of State Richard Breitman, American University Wayne Dunaway, National Security Agency Edward Drea, Center of Military History (retired) Steven Garfinkel (Acting Chair, 2000-2006), NARA Norman Goda, Ohio University David Holmes, CIA James Lide, History Associates Incorporated Elizabeth Holtzman, Public Member Marlene Mayo, University of Maryland, College Park William Hooton, FBI Timothy Naftali, University of Virginia Eleni Kalisch, FBI Robert Wolfe, NARA Carol Keeley, FBI Daqing Yang, George Washington University Michael Kurtz (Acting Chair, 1999-2000), NARA Harold J. Kwalwasser, Department of Defense Consultants Michael Leahy, Citizenship and Immigration Services Patricia Bogen (Administrative Assistant) William Leary, National Security Council Giuliana Bullard (Public Relations) Shelly Lopez-Potter, Department of the Navy J. Edwin Dietel (Auditor) David Marwell, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Kirk Lubbes (Contract Management) David Patterson, Department of State John Pereira (Auditor) Steven Raho, Department of the Army Kris Rusch (Editor) Steven Rogers, Department of Justice Raymond Schmidt (Reviewer) Elaine Rogic, Department of the Army Larry Taylor (Executive Director) Eli Rosenbaum, Department of Justice Lisa Scalatine, Department of the Navy Historical Advisory Panel Paul Shapiro, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Gerhard Weinberg (Chair), University of North Carolina, William Slany, Department of State Chapel Hill Marc Susser, Department of State Rebecca Boehling, University of Maryland, Baltimore Andrew Swicegood, Department of the Army County Elizabeth B. White, Department of Justice James Critchfield, Central Intelligence Agency (deceased) (CIA members names withheld) Carol Gluck, Columbia University Robert Hanyok, National Security Agency IWG Staff at NARA Peter Hayes, Northwestern University Greg Bradsher (Senior Archivist) Linda Goetz Holmes, Independent Scholar Paul Brown (Researcher) Christopher Simpson, American University William Cunliffe (Senior Archivist) Ronald Zweig, New York University vii Table of Contents Preface . xi Abbreviations and Acronyms . xvi 1 . Introduction . .1 2 . The Nature of War Crimes Records . .5 Previously Available War Crimes Records . 5 Nazi War Crimes Records . 5 Japanese War Crimes Records . 7 Intelligence Records and Foreign Government Information . 8 3 . Background of the Acts . .11 U S. Government Use of Axis Criminals and their Collaborators . 11 Searching for Axis Criminals in the United States . 14 Tracing Stolen Assets . 18 Japan Under Scrutiny . 20 Passage of the Statutes . 21 4 . Overview of the IWG and its Functions . .25 IWG Personnel . 25 Staff . .26 Historians . .26 The Historical Advisory Panel . .26 IWG Audit Team . .26 Statutory Functions of the IWG . 26 Locating Records . .27 Reviewing Records for Relevance . .30 Declassifying Relevant Records . .31 Overseeing Agency Implementation of the Disclosure Acts . .38 Releasing Declassified Records to the Public . .39 Making Documents Publicly Accessible . .40 Costs . 41 5 . Agency Implementation of the Acts . .43 Central Intelligence Agency . 45 Department of Defense – Air Force . 51 Department of Defense – Army . 52 Department of Defense – National Security Agency . 57 Department of Defense – Navy . 59 Department of Justice – Criminal and Civil Divisions . 60 Department of Justice – Immigration and Naturalization Service (U S. Citizenship and Immigration Services) . 61 Department of Justice – OSI . 62 Department of Justice – U S. Pardon Attorney . 64 Department of State . 65 Department of the Treasury . 68 Federal Bureau of Investigation . 69 National Archives And Records Administration . 72 Other Agencies . 75 viii 6 . Findings and Policy Recommendations . .77 7 . Perspectives . .81 Thomas H . Baer . 83 Richard Ben-Veniste . 85 Elizabeth Holtzman . 90 Eli M . Rosenbaum . 95 CIA . 99 Marc J . Susser . 101 Appendices Appendix 1 . IWG Members, Staff, and Consultants . 107 Appendix 2 . Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act (P L. 105-246) . 109 Appendix 3 . Japanese Imperial Government Disclosure Act (P L. 106-567) . 112 Appendix 4 . Honoring the Life of Stan Moskowitz . 115 Appendix 5 . Previously Opened War Crimes Related Documents . 116 Appendix 6 . The Tasking Orders . 117 Appendix 7 . Memorandum on Relevancy, 26 July 2001 . 122 Appendix 8 . Guidance to Agencies on Foreign Government Information . 127 Appendix 9 . Guidance on Privacy . 129 Appendix 10 . CIA Response to IWG Report Questions . 132 Appendix 11 . Consensus Decisions and Guidance from IWG Arising from IWG Meeting, April 11, 2000 . 134 Appendix 12 . Feinstein Statement on Bill S1902 . 136 Appendix 13 . 12 May 2000 Memorandum . 139 Figures Figure 1 . IWG representatives and dates of service . 1 Figure 2 . Major record series of previously opened war-crimes-related documents . 6 Figure 3 . JCS directives to General Dwight Eisenhower . 12 Figure 4 . JIOA memorandum on Project Paperclip, 4 December 1947 . ..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Archiv Im Spannungsfeld Von Politik, Wissenschaft Und Öffentlicher Meinung
    DIETER KRÜGER ARCHIV IM SPANNUNGSFELD VON POLITIK, WISSENSCHAFT UND ÖFFENTLICHER MEINUNG Geschichte und Überlieferungsprofil des ehemaligen „Berlin Document Center" Am 30.Juni 1994 holten zwei amerikanische Militärpolizisten das Sternenbanner im Berlin Document Center (BDC) im Grunewald ein. Damit beendete die letzte zivile Dienststelle der Vereinigten Staaten auf deutschem Boden ihre Tätigkeit. Das seit l.Juli 1994 als Außenstelle Berlin-Zehlendorf dem Bundesarchiv angehörende BDC hat freilich nur vorübergehenden Charakter. Voraussichtlich zum Zeitpunkt des Er­ scheinens dieses Beitrages Anfang 1997 werden die Sammlungen und das Personal in die Abteilung Deutsches Reich des Bundesarchivs in Berlin-Lichterfelde überführt sein. Spätestens dann geht ein bisweilen bewegtes Kapitel deutscher Archivgeschichte der Nachkriegszeit zu Ende. Nicht zuletzt in der amerikanischen Öffentlichkeit hat­ te die Übergabe des BDC an das Bundesarchiv noch im Frühjahr 1994 eine heftige Kontroverse ausgelöst. Freilich war die bald fünfzigjährige Existenz des BDC ver­ gleichsweise häufig Gegenstand öffentlicher Auseinandersetzungen1. Schon im Juli 1945 richtete die amerikanische Besatzungsmacht in Berlin wie auch an anderen Orten ihrer Zone ein Document Center ein. Hier wurden die erbeuteten deutschen Akten zusammengeführt2. Den Abtransport und die Rückgabe der Beu- 1 Zur Geschichte des BDC vgl. James S. Beddie, The Berlin Document Center, in: Captured German and Related Records. A National Archives Conference, hrsg. v. Robert Wolfe, Athens, Ohio 1974 (künftig: Captured Records), S. 131-142; Robert Wolfe, A Short History of the Berlin Document Center, in: The Holdings of the Berlin Document Center. A Guide to the Collections, als Manu­ skript gedruckt vom Berlin Document Center (künftig: Holdings), Berlin 1994, S. XI-XXII; Heiner Meyer, Berlin Document Center.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Report of the Nazi War Crimes & Japanese
    Nazi War Crimes & Japanese Imperial Government Records Interagency Working Group Final Report to the United States Congress April 2007 Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Interagency Working Group Final Report to the United States Congress Published April 2007 1-880875-30-6 “In a world of conflict, a world of victims and executioners, it is the job of thinking people not to be on the side of the executioners.” — Albert Camus iv IWG Membership Allen Weinstein, Archivist of the United States, Chair Thomas H. Baer, Public Member Richard Ben-Veniste, Public Member Elizabeth Holtzman, Public Member Historian of the Department of State The Secretary of Defense The Attorney General Director of the Central Intelligence Agency Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation National Security Council Director of the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum Nationa5lrchives ~~ \T,I "I, I I I"" April 2007 I am pleased to present to Congress. Ihe AdnllniSlr:lllon, and the Amcncan [JeOplc Ihe Final Report of the Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Rcrords Interagency Working Group (IWG). The lWG has no\\ successfully completed the work mandated by the Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act (P.L. 105-246) and the Japanese Imperial Government DisdoSUTC Act (PL 106·567). Over 8.5 million pages of records relaH:d 10 Japanese and Nazi "'ar crimes have been identifIed among Federal Go\emmelll records and opened to the pubhc. including certam types of records nevcr before released. such as CIA operational Iiles. The groundbrcaking release of Lhcse ft:cords In no way threatens lhe Malio,,'s sccurily.
    [Show full text]
  • Performing for the Nazis: Foreign Musicians in Germany, 1933-1939
    University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2015-04-24 Performing for the Nazis: Foreign Musicians in Germany, 1933-1939 Bailey, Robert Warren Bailey, R. W. (2015). Performing for the Nazis: Foreign Musicians in Germany, 1933-1939 (Unpublished master's thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. doi:10.11575/PRISM/27304 http://hdl.handle.net/11023/2167 master thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Performing for the Nazis: Foreign Musicians in Germany, 1933-1939 by Robert Warren Bailey A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS GRADUATE PROGRAM IN THE SCHOOL OF CREATIVE AND PERFORMING ARTS, MUSIC CALGARY, ALBERTA APRIL, 2015 © Robert Warren Bailey 2015 Abstract This thesis focuses on foreign musicians in Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1939. What place did foreign musical performers have in Germany’s increasingly xenophobic employment market during the 1930s? Likewise, how did the Nazis deal with those musicians, and what margin of manoeuvre were foreigners given to carry out their craft? These are the questions that form the basis of this thesis. To answer them, I examine a collection of primary Reichsmusikkammer (Reich Music Chamber) records that are now held on microfilm in the United States National Archives, grouped under the description “Auftrittsgenehmigungen für Ausländer” (Performance Permits for Foreigners; specifically musicians).
    [Show full text]
  • Soviet Intelligence and the Cuban Missile Crisis
    This article was downloaded by: [Harvard College] On: 18 September 2012, At: 12:38 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Intelligence and National Security Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/fint20 Soviet intelligence and the Cuban missile crisis Aleksandr Fursenko a & Timothy Naftali b a Chairman of the Department of History, Russian Academy of Science b Olin Fellow at International Security Studies, Yale University Version of record first published: 02 Jan 2008. To cite this article: Aleksandr Fursenko & Timothy Naftali (1998): Soviet intelligence and the Cuban missile crisis, Intelligence and National Security, 13:3, 64-87 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02684529808432494 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.tandfonline.com/page/ terms-and-conditions This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.
    [Show full text]
  • James S. Beddie Papers
    http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf9m3nb72x No online items Guide to the James S. Beddie Papers Arrangement and description by David C. Tambo and Edward C. Fields; latest revision D. Tambo Department of Special Collections Davidson Library University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara, CA 93106 Phone: (805) 893-3062 Fax: (805) 893-5749 Email: [email protected] URL: http://www.library.ucsb.edu/speccoll/speccoll.html © 2011 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. Guide to the James S. Beddie Bernath Mss 4 1 Papers Guide to the James S. Beddie Papers Collection number: Bernath Mss 4 Department of Special Collections Davidson Library University of California, Santa Barbara Processed by: Arrangement and description by David C. Tambo and Edward C. Fields; latest revision D. Tambo. Date Completed: Dec. 20, 2007 Encoded by: D. Gartrell; latest revision A. Demeter © 2011 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. Descriptive Summary Title: James S. Beddie Papers Dates: 1794-1975 Collection number: Bernath Mss 4 Creator: Beddie, James Stuart, 1902- Collection Size: 3.2 linear feet (8 boxes). Repository: University of California, Santa Barbara. Library. Dept. of Special Collections Santa Barbara, CA 93106 Abstract: Includes various State Department records, e.g. material on the German War Documents Project (post-WWII), from an American scholar and Foreign Service Officer who spent his last years in Santa Barbara. Physical location: SRLF. Languages: English, German Access Restrictions This collection is stored off-site. Advance notice is required for retrieval. Publication Rights Copyright has not been assigned to the Department of Special Collections, UCSB.
    [Show full text]
  • Programs & Exhibitions
    PROGRAMS & EXHIBITIONS Fall 2019/Winter 2020 To purchase tickets by phone call (212) 485-9268 letter | exhibitions | calendar | programs | family | membership | general information Listen, my children, and you shall hear Of the midnight ride of Paul Revere Dear Friends, Who among us has not been enthralled by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow’s description of Revolutionary War hero Paul Revere’s famous ride? This fall, New-York Historical reveals the true story Buck Ennis, Crain’s New York Business of the patriot, silversmith, and entrepreneur immortalized in the Longfellow poem in a brand new, family-friendly exhibition organized by the American Antiquarian Society. It’s a great opportunity for multi-generational visitors, but interesting, intriguing, and provocative for anyone interested in history and art—which surely includes you! Related programming featuring New-York Historical Trustee Annette Gordon- Reed and distinguished constitutional scholar Philip Bobbitt is on offer through our Bernard and Irene Schwartz Distinguished Speakers Series. Less well-known is the story of Mark Twain and the Holy Land, told in a new exhibition on view this season in our Pam and Scott Schafler Gallery. Jonathan Sarna and Gil Troy reflect on the topic in what is sure to be a fascinating Schwartz Series program presented in partnership with the Shapell Manuscript Foundation. Other Schwartz Series programs include “An Evening with Neal Katyal” moderated by New-York Historical Trustee Akhil Reed Amar; “Talking to Strangers: What We Should Know about the People We Don’t Know” featuring Malcolm Gladwell in conversation with Adam Gopnik; and “An Evening with George Will: The Conservative Sensibility” moderated by Richard Brookhiser.
    [Show full text]
  • Glimpses Inside the Kremlin During the Cuban Missile Crisis Introduction by Timothy Naftali1
    SECTION 3: Soviet Union The Malin Notes: Glimpses Inside the Kremlin during the Cuban Missile Crisis Introduction by Timothy Naftali1 he John F. Kennedy Presidential Library’s October did the bulk of the updating, also contributed translations for 1996 release of the White House recordings made by two notes not currently on the Miller Center’s website. President Kennedy during the Cuban Missile Crisis Trevolutionized our understanding of how the American side What do the Notes Tell Us? handled the most dangerous nuclear crisis of the Cold War.2 Some months earlier, the late Aleksandr Fursenko, a member In 1969 former British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan of the Russian Academy of Sciences, had learned about a col- in his introduction to Robert F. Kennedy’s Thirteen Days lection of official notes from the meetings of the Presidium— laid out a basic research agenda for students of the Kremlin the top decision-making body of the Soviet communist party side of the Cuban missile crisis: “why did the Russians risk and therefore of the USSR—during the missile crisis. These so much? What was their ultimate purpose? Why did they notes, which were written out in longhand by Vladimir withdraw? Why did they not retaliate at other, but equally Malin, the chief of the General Department of the Central sensitive, points?”5 Committee, formally recorded the Presidium’s decisions and, On the eve of the fiftieth anniversary of the Cuban occasionally, the discussion and justification behind the deci- Missile Crisis, how well do the Malin notes help us answer sions. Fursenko was able to get access to a few, but by no Macmillan’s questions? And do they suggest any others? means all, of the notes relevant to the Cuban missile crisis 3 for our 1997 book, “One Hell of a Gamble.” In 2003, the Why did the Soviets risk so much? What was their ultimate Russian State Archive of Contemporary History (RGANI), purpose? published a more complete collection of the Cuban Missile Crisis notes in Volume 1 of Archivii Kremlya, an edition over- Let’s take these questions together.
    [Show full text]
  • SANITIZED COPY 2006-11-30-HAI Alexander M
    )I\1'4111LtU \.UrT 2006-11-30-HAI Alexander M. Haig, Jr. Interview Transcription Page 1 of70 30 November 2007 Timothy Naftali General Haig, welcome to the Richard Nixon Presidential Library. This is our first oral history, and we will introduce ourselves and then we'll proceed in this order asking questions. And we look forward to your participation. Thank you, we appreciate it. Alexander Haig I'm delighted to be here, especially for an inaugural like this. I like that term. Timothy Naftali You like that term? John? John Powers I'm John Powers. I'm the supervisory archivist at the Nixon project, and I welcome you. Alexander Haig Good, thank you. Douglas Brinkley I'm Douglas Brinkley, director of the Theodore Roosevelt Center and professor of history at Tulane University in New Orleans. Alexander Haig I know the institution well. Timothy Naftali I'm Tim Naftah, the incoming director of the Richard Nixon Presidential Library. Paul Musgrave And I'm Paul Musgrave. I'm Tim's assistant here at the Nixon materials project. Alexander Haig Very good. DECLASSIFIED IN PART Douglas Brinkley E.O. 13526 AUTHORITY: NLMS 2010-001 By: PMH, NARA; Date: 5/15/2012 Happy birthday, you're getting close. SANITIZED COPY 2006-11-30-HAI Alexander M. Haig, Jr. Interview Transcription Page 2 of70 30 November 2007 Alexander Haig How did you know? Douglas Brinkley I've got your bio. December 2nd coming up. Alexander Haig It's very close. Douglas Brinkley Do you do anything -- Alexander Haig I never thought I'd reach 39.
    [Show full text]
  • My Odyssey Among Fellow UVM Alumni
    THE BULLETIN OF THE CAROLYN AND LEONARD MILLER CENTER FOR HOLOCAUST STUDIES SPRING 2011 The Bulletin OF THE CAROLYN AND LEONARD MILLER CENTER FOR HOLOCAUST STUDIES VOLUME 15 THE UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT SPRING 2011 My Odyssey Among Fellow UVM Alumni by IN THIS ISSUE Robert Wolfe, UVM Class of 1942 My Odyssey Among Fellow UVM Alumni urlington born, as a “townie” I followed two brothers and two sisters by Robert Wolfe ..................... 1 up the steep hill to the UVM campus, braving Vermont’s notorious Bwinter weather. My last two years involved Advanced Military Studies, Moritz Bonn and the Critical scheduled at the crack of dawn before the beginning of morning academic Study of Colonialism classes. In my senior year, I was one of five company commanders with the by Robert Gordon ..................... 4 rank of cadet captain. Graduating in May 1942, on the same back campus stage, 15 minutes apart, I received a Ph.B in History, and by way of UVM ROTC, a commission as a 2nd Lieut. Infantry in the US Army Reserves. This Student News ....................... 6 path was, so to speak, cleared for me 14 years earlier by my eldest brother, Cedric, UVM ‘28. Orders to active duty immediately took me off toward war. A Semester in Frankfurt ................ 6 After a torrid summer at the his sister was a close friend of one of Infantry School at Fort Benning, Ga., my sisters, so he was often a guest News from the Faculty ................. 7 I had the choice of several overseas in our house. My own regiment first assignments, but that did not include experienced combat in the closing Conference Report ...................
    [Show full text]
  • John F. Kennedy
    The PRESIDENTIAL RECORDINGS JOHN F. KENNEDY The PRESIDENTIAL RECORDINGS JOHN F. KENNEDY THE GREAT CRISES, VOLUME THREE OCTOBER 22–28, 1962 Philip Zelikow and Ernest May Editors, Volume Three David Coleman George Eliades Francis Gavin Max Holland Erin Mahan Timothy Naftali David Shreve Associate Editors, Volume Three Patricia Dunn Assistant Editor Philip Zelikow and Ernest May General Editors B W. W. NORTON & COMPANY NEW YORK • LONDON Copyright © 2001 by The Miller Center of Public Affairs Portions of this three-volume set were previously published by Harvard University Press in The Kennedy Tapes: Inside the White House During the Cuban Missile Crisis by Philip D. Zelikow and Ernest R. May. Copyright © 1997 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America First Edition For information about permission to reproduce selections from this book, write to Permissions, W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10110 The text of this book is composed in Bell, with the display set in Bell and Bell Semi-Bold Composition by Tom Ernst Manufacturing by The Maple-Vail Book Manufacturing Group Book design by Dana Sloan Production manager: Andrew Marasia Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data John F. Kennedy : the great crises. p. cm. (The presidential recordings) Includes bibliographical references and indexes. Contents: v. 1. July 30–August 1962 / Timothy Naftali, editor—v. 2. September 4–October 20, 1962 / Timothy Naftali and Philip Zelikow, editors—v. 3. October 22–28, 1962 / Philip Zelikow and Ernest May, editors. ISBN 0-393-04954-X 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Rewriting History: the Impact of the Cuban Missile Crisis on American Journalism
    REWRITING HISTORY: THE IMPACT OF THE CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS ON AMERICAN JOURNALISM by KELCIE E. FAY Submitted to the Department of History of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for departmental honors Approved by: _________________________ Sheyda Jahanbani Thesis Adviser _________________________ David Farber Committee Member _________________________ Jonathan Hagel Committee Member _________________________ Date Defended Abstract The Cuban Missile Crisis represented a unique moment in the history of American foreign policy because it was the first time that the world faced a nuclear standoff. The threat of a third World War allowed US government officials to deceive the press under the guise of protecting national security. Since the fall of the Berlin Wall and the release of thousands of documents from ex- Soviet and American archives, historians are rethinking the narrative of the Cuban Missile Crisis that has been presented in the press during and after the crisis. This paper will explore the relationship that President Kennedy cultivated with the press to promote his political agenda and the impact that this relationship had on the reporting of future foreign policy crises. 1 Introduction Most Americans are familiar with the legend of the Cuban Missile Crisis: the unforgettable myth of John F. Kennedy saving the world from nuclear war. However, recent reexamination by historians into the archives of Cold War history has revealed that the story of the Cuban Missile Crisis has largely been exaggerated.
    [Show full text]
  • The Politics of Espionage: Nazi Diplomats and Spies in Argentina, 1933-1945
    The Politics of Espionage: Nazi Diplomats and Spies in Argentina, 1933-1945 A dissertation presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy Richard L. McGaha November 2009 © 2009 Richard L. McGaha. All Rights Reserved. 2 This dissertation titled The Politics of Espionage: Nazi Diplomats and Spies in Argentina, 1933-1945 by RICHARD L. MCGAHA has been approved for the History Department and the College of Arts and Sciences by Norman J.W. Goda Professor of History Benjamin M. Ogles Dean, College of Arts and Sciences 3 ABSTRACT MCGAHA, RICHARD L., Ph.D, November 2009, History The Politics of Espionage: Nazi Diplomats and Spies in Argentina, 1933-1945 (415 pp.) Director of Dissertation: Norman J.W. Goda This dissertation investigates Nazi Germany’s diplomacy and intelligence- gathering in Argentina from 1933-1945. It does so from three perspectives. This study first explores the rivalries that characterized the bureaucracy in the Third Reich. It argues that those rivalries negatively affected Germany’s diplomatic position in Argentina. The actions of the AO in Argentina in the 1930s were indicative of this trend. This created a fear of fifth-column activity among Latin American governments with large German populations. Second, this study explores the rivalry between the Sicherheitsdienst (Security Service, SD) of the Reichssicherheitshauptamt (Reich Security Main Office, RSHA) and Auswärtiges Amt (Foreign Ministry, AA). It argues that the rivalry between these two organizations in Argentina was part of a larger plan on the part of Amt VI, SS Foreign Intelligence to usurp the functions of the AA.
    [Show full text]