The State of Renewable Energies in Europe

THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE

EDITION 14th EurObserv’ER Report Barometer prepared by Observ’ER (FR) in the frame of the “EurObserv’ER 2013-2016” project with the following consortia members: Renac (DE), Institute for Renewable Energy (IEO/ EC BREC, PL), Jožef Stefan Institute (SI), ECN (NL), Frankfurt School of Finance & Management (DE).

THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE

Co-funded by the Intelligent Energy Europe Programme of the European Union EDITION 14th EurObserv’ER Report

s cto beets ro te c spport o ee, te Iteet Eer – Erope rore Csse es épôts.

e soe resposbt or te cotet o ts pbcto es t te tors. It oes ot reect te opo o te Erope o, or tt o ee, or Csse es épôts. eter te ECI, te Erope Cosso, ee or Csse es épôts re resposbe or se tt be e o te orto cote tere. FO EO b cet errtto I este t I ctors FO EO b é Cbrt EIO IL b cet cqes e Seer Iestet eebe Eer rojects E er ctors poer otootc poer Geoter eer otootc os Sor ter oes S ropoer eebe rb ste Geoter eer So boss et pps Cocetrte sor poer pts os Oe or o pbc c oes eebe rb ste Iestet eebe So boss Eer ecoo Cocetrte sor poer etre Cpt – rte Eqt Oce eer ES ces Cocso O te oe Soco-eco oc ctors Epes o ote c scees poer otootc Sor ter Eer Coopertes S ropoer eso r Geoter eer Iterte Eer Cotrct (IEC) et pps Str, str os Sor25 reo tr oes ES E, te se-pbc cop eebe rb ste Cocso So boss Epoet troer or 2013 Sorces ErObser’E broeters oe e ErObser’E Iteret tbse Iorto 4 5 FO EO FO EO

ICE E O, ÉI C ILL, cet errtto s te e o te Eer t te Erope Cosso’s rector o sstbe procto eeres, ee Eect e ec or S e-s e Eterprses (ES E).

t soe st, e c o oo bc t 2014, 20% ro oe er to te e t. Cocer eectrct, e 14t ErObser’E broeter sos te pttos. s s trere soo o sorts er o qte s c t c es te re ebe presse re s tt jst oer oe qrter o e proress e b re ebe e eres 2013, s so copoe b to’s e cepto o e er sce e. eectrct cospto te E s proce b or te co trbte ore t 25% o te eectr- o prce, c ecc eres te cope- reebes 2013. Oer, te sre o reebe ct e erte te E. I te r o poste es, tteess o reebes. I r 2014, te Erope Cosso opte eer te E eer cospto rece e so tt e eber Sttes e re ‘ poc reor or cte eer te 15% 2013 copre to 14.2% 2012. cee ter 2020 trets tt rter et, Seer cotos st be et Erope’s o-o pero ro 2020 to 2030’ c e to costrcte t ore t 90% o ter trets tt e, e eer trsto s to be pe o. Frst o e ebtes. e eorse b te Erope Coc recet etre o ts pbcto s te ocs o o tte ore ro to e p. Fr ce ee stto c reebes copete o October, b reebe eer tret o t estets reebes. e cpter e pores te Ger e ccopse 62.5 67.8% o ter eq ters t oss eeres. t pes e est 27% s set or te sre o reebe eer tres ec tecoo cotr. Cotrr to trets respecte. to sbses oer te Erope esso cose te E 2030. so te ee- trs te eer ctors, te ecrese estets e ce sste. Seco, te to trspos- e bee er te spott recet ers s bee srp. Lese epoet res - s cotrsts t te re recto est- to o te Erope 2030 reebe eeres tr- re sbject to ree. e to reebes e ooe or tre, et ro 25.3 bo eros 2012 to 19.8 bo et so be t est 27%. Lst, e re o o or te 3r er ro. Iterest, te 2013. e s e bee recore te jor obt bot ts… cte r s to re For te st 16 ers, te ErObser’E cosort s oerte It, Sp er to jo te potootc ct (33%), boe (70%) boss e beo 2°C, te cotres cross te obe st s bee otor te reebe eer sector top r cotres or job oers (toeter t (21%) sectors. ete epoet cotrcte b 4.7%. opt reebe eeres oese s qc preset te t er cer er toe- Ger Frce). s possbe. ter t objecte ss. e report ‘Stte o So te ree rot ee s r ot o ste. reebe eer Erope 2014’ coers te 28 e- toro e pto o te boe ot ore o s ts coe bot? o reebe e eceber 2015 CO 21 coerece rs ber sttes reebe eer tecooes. orto o reebe eer, rete jobs eeres s cres coser te s cope- proe te ee or te eerece o te potc estets, c be o te pes o ts pb- tte eeres tt st te o te copetto reqre to o ts. btos terto espte te ot so ecor prospects, betee cto. e Iteet Eer Erope prore, te eer rets. I e te ts rter, te sp- cte reeet so e te steo- 2012 2013, te reebe eer ret e t te E SE, s spport ts q- port ecss re rpe or reso, c cs or ers to cto. s ro, ee sbstt. eer s t or, re e o te sector, re b crese b ost 14% sor eer b er toss o steoers cross Erope beo.

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION 6 7 EIO IL

E OE… IIG EI SOESC EE ce t cqes e Se er, rese t o Obser’E

e broeter s tt ErObser’E s ree- cee ore t 90% o ter set trets – ts s tese espo e t, o cst tes o ot t rers tt, t te otbe e cepto o It, er o ope, or 2013 ore t qrter re tose er cotres tt 1957 cpoe o Erope’s eectrct co spto s coere b oe Erope oe! Frterore, ter respos- re ebes. Soe co tres sc s str, Se- bt s ee reter becse te ppe to be te e ort c e p recors b re eb best eer cosers. sorc ore t 50% o ter eectrct e reset cer s s or ct ot or ropoer os te ro , sor ts cote t te Erope Eer o tt e poer ere te o sorces to e s c t oce trs ot to be ore t soescree. e te eectrct . et s ecre bto s eqoc: “e oe t to tre eertos to t te pct o cte oeer, tere re to cosertos tt so ce to eep eer orbe – b s pt stop to epor. o strt t, te ore eer ro reebe sorces beco soo te estet pce cse rst b te ore eer ecet.” ese ors e oe recesso bt prr b te Erope potcs’ o o recor, bt e e to bet te r procrsttos te te se o ts cee- becse te e Erope tret (27% b 2030) s et co ers. Seco, e te eectrct ot b s sort o te Cosso’s cospto rests oo oo or reebes, te e (30%). oeteess e be be to cot se oes ot o or oer eer cospto. o reee eorts ro te cps o jor tos O 15% o t s reeb sorce, so e st e e Frce ose rt eer trsto b s set c ro to e p e re to rec te 20% 32% eer tret (t t 40% o te eec- tret set b te 2009 Erope recte. trct), Ger c tes to proce 45% e ss e ts broeter eostrtes o ts eectrct ro reebe sorces b te 2030 te p erece betee te eber Sttes. tee. For o, te s’t ee e, et Erope s ts oe pps – 13 sttes tt e oe bee o.

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Energy indicators

8 9

EEG I IC OS

For tee ers o, ErObser’E s te os set ot b ec cotr ts to- bee coect t o Erope o eebe Eer cto (E). reebe eer sorces to escrbe te to, or te t er r, te stte trst o te ros sectors ErObser’E cosort ebers e ts ocs st es or broeters. e rst pbse ter reebe eer prt o ts ssesset s p te sre esttes o oer eer copete sr o te or pbse cospto or ec eber Stte o 2014 S stèes Sores (or e ’Éoe te Erope o. ese res pro e 0 14, or otootqe 0 11 prer cto o o te ros or es Éeres eoebes 0s 221, cotres re r o ter reebe 222 224). eer pts eter ter s pbcto pro es copete oer- tre s pot to sccess ceeet e o te tee reebe sectors. er o te trets set b Erope recte perorces re copre st te st- 2009/28/EC.

etoooc ote

e tbes preset te test res be or Soe cotr t ptes e so bee e ec sector. ereore soe o te cotr t or so boss, c s te sbject o o te poer, potootc, sor ter, broeter t te e o te er or cotres boes, bos reebe rb ste sec- tt cosote ter t t te er e o tors s bee pte, er ro te te er. e test erso o te copres pbse te bot broeters rso o te t pbse b Erostt st or tose cotres tt t be. t tt o ErObser’E c be ooe ro: or te s ro, eoter et pps, .erobser-er.or c ere ot ocs st topcs 2014, s bee pte or ts eto.

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Energy indicators

10 11

I OE

e Erope o ter ers, becse 2013 t e to 2007, e t e Ger, Sps 2013 (3 356 oer t e er). ret soe o 2013 Erope rets, e s rets ere t e soe c o t e cret or t e Ger et e to eep boe t e Ger t e , ccote rers o Erope rot . ret’s e cepto oo er 11-G t res o… t e sector’s or ore t o t e to- s o be pt o to t e ee- seco best perorce or ste cpct t e E. GE E opers’ resoe to e pot t e best sttos. ccor s tre es cse or cocer SO E poer prc s ters to ErObser’E, t e E, c becse t s t os t t t o beore t e e reebe eer- o ces Crot, coecte t e pst e ers t t tee e oet Ger es (EEG) reor ce to 11 188.5 to t e r copre to cte poer cpct t e er. GEE-Stt reports orce st 2014. to bot 12 375.4 2012, .e. b-p cross ro ber t t poer cpct t t e I 2013 t e ee o os ore 9.6% rop. e ret s c o cotres. s ee o coce- e o 2013 stoo t 34 660 , ctt s t ore t ore cocetrte t o recet trto s ot bee see sce sett e stto recor 1 ot o eer 3 coecte be os ore. ccor to ECC ( eprtet o Eer Cte C e), t e cotr coecte 2 314 (1 614 os ore 701 os ore). oeer t e ret ece s t o ts 2012 ee, e 2 437 s coecte to t e r. e ’s , restte b t e Eer str oeber 2013, s to st 39 000 o os ore cpct b 2030. e re t e o to cotres to e e ceee t e oe tt t res o or e-ste cpct, becse Sp It c s re t s stcto 2012 ste b 2013. e Frec ret s so str s siemens ag vattenfall/jorrit lousberg vattenfall/jorrit

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Energy indicators

12 13 2013 t cotrcte or t e t r 1 er ro ts stto I ste poer cpct te Erope o ee s t t o 2010. O t te e o 2013* () ore poste ote, t e ort er Erope rets ( er, F- Cumulative capacity Cumulative capacity See) soe o t e at the end of 2012 at the end of 2013* Ester Erope cotres sc Germany 31 304.0 34 660.0 s o, o Crot e p e. oeer t e st- Spain 22 795.0 22 964.0 to s cs r becse o United Kingdom 8 895.0 11 209.0 t e oce oer o t e cete sstes. Soe o t e Italy 8 102.0 8 542.0 reo’s rets sc s r, France** 7 622.0 8 202.0 r, t e Cec epbc Denmark 4 162.8 4 810.0 Esto, re re prctc o o. Portugal 4 531.0 4 731.0 Sweden 3 607.0 4 194.0 e se o t e Erope sector ostwind/dominique edte becoes cerer e e e e Poland 2 564.0 3 429.0 o t e ste cpct s te Netherlands 2 433.0 2 713.2 Ss 3 eesse rs ere s e t t e e o 2013, e s copete to t e ber o btts, t e prt coecto o ts ese t e rst otos coecto o ts ortob t s ctor cretes e e- Romania 1 822.0 2 459.0 es r, Gt ôr. o t e E tc 2 r – 2 3 os ore rs rrc . It ote to 232 per Ireland 1 764.0 1 896.0 e ECC pt rts cpct to t e o r crret er 1 000 btts t e Erope te t t e e o 2013 t 3 696 costrcto I t e tc Se. Greece 1 753.0 1 809.0 o. , c eqtes to 52.9% o e top t ree E cotres re Austria 1 377.0 1 684.0 t e Erope o’s os ore 2 er (859 /1 000 b- Belgium 1 365.0 1 653.0 trbe cpct. tts), Sp (491 /1 000 b- er os o to ts ber Erope o ste osore poer cpctes t te e tts) ort (451 /1 000 Bulgaria 669.6 676.7 to r t e Erope ee o 2013* () btts). See, Ger Finland 257.0 447.0 t 1 271.1 o cpct to te Ire c be ssocte t s to t e coecto o t e Hungary 331.0 331.0 2012 2013* t t s rop o eers, s t e ot os ore r. re p ro t e ot er Lithuania 225.0 279.0 ccor to t e etsc e - United Kingdom 2 995.0 3 696.0 eber Sttes o t s ctor. Gr os ore report, Ger Czech Republic 258.0 270.0 Denmark 921.9 1 271.1 coecte 468 o cpct oer e b-p o t e Erope Croatia 179.6 254.3 t e tee ot s, b prctc Germany 435.0 903.0 os ore ret s so cor- Estonia 266.0 248.0 ob ts os ore eet to 903 Belgium 379.5 625.2 e. ErObser’E reports r . e project s t e r coectos ro os ore cp- Cyprus 146.7 146.7 Os ore 1 r (400 ). Netherlands 228.0 228.0 ct rs to 1 816.9 oer t e Latvia 59.0 67.0 e cotr’s os ore eet s Sweden 163.7 211.7 er, c tes t e Erope e to crese s rp 2014, s Luxembourg 58.3 60.6 Finland 26.0 26.0 o os ore eet’s cpct to costrcto o t e or - 6 993.2 ot o t e tot st- Slovakia 3.1 3.1 t r s copete Ireland 25.2 25.2 e cpct o 117 740.9 . I Slovenia 2.3 2.3 s jst t to be coecte to Spain 0.0 5.0 2013, ore t 1.6 o eer t e r. e rst trbes o 10 s ste os ore. e Malta 0.0 0.0 t e eer S/Ost or Portugal 2.0 2.0 es Erope t s to t e Total EU 28 106 552.4 117 740.9 est II rs e so bee Total EU 28 5 176.3 6 993.2 to o t e coecto o * Estimate. ** Overseas departments not included. Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 ste re t coec- * Estimate. Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 ts Loo rr, Lcs, Geet to. e s otos

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Energy indicators

14 15 prt coecto o t e ort - 3 r, c tes ts Gross eectrct procto ro poer te Erope o os ore cpct to 625.2 . 2012 2013* () See e t e 48 o t e re r to te ts 2012 2013* tot to 211.4 , Sp s Spain 49.472 53.903 o re tet or os ore poer t e Erope o Germany 50.670 51.700 t ts 5- eostrto United Kingdom 19.661 28.434 trbe o t e r ste. France** 15.048 16.034 e crese os ore o- Italy 13.407 14.897 s ore procto cpctes e tse et b t e crese t e Portugal 10.259 12.015 poer s re o eectrct pro- Denmark 10.270 11.123 cto t e Erope o eec- Sweden 7.165 9.842 trct . ErObser’E esttes t s crese t 13.8% betee 2012 Poland 4.747 6.004 2013, t tot o 234.4 . Netherlands 4.999 5.603 s poer ccots or ro-

7.2% o Erope’s eectrct Ireland 4.010 4.542 ibeler matthias procto (o t e 3 276 tot) Greece 3.850 4.139 copre to 6.2% 2012. I e- e crret oet srro- s ort-ter rot prospects oo ser’E ees t t t e 200-G r, t re coers ore t Romania 2.640 4.047 t e 2020 trets s ess prop- poor, t e ret st s t e t res o s st ttbe, ee 31% o tot eectrct procto, Belgium 2.750 3.635 tos t t s bee t e pst. seco o t e ece to tr t s o t e se. ore t 22% ort, 20% I e o t e recesso t er ro, proe t ere s cer Austria 2.463 3.151 Sp 16% Ire. bet ects, ost o t e e- ee e reor. ErOb- Bulgaria 1.221 1.240 ber Sttes re c ess ce Finland 0.494 0.774 to sbse t e eeopet o GES O OL t er reebe eeres t 4 Hungary 0.770 0.717 prce. It s o cer t t c Coprso o te crre t tre st te E (to 2015 be pot or t e tre Lithuania 0.540 0.600 t ter cotro be ee oer e ebe E er cto s) rop (G) eeopet o eer eer eeopet to - Estonia 0.434 0.529 . ts s re o t e eer b t e e t e cost oerrs ste . 2030 tee. e crret ebte Croatia 0.329 0.517 ro e cesse st-pce ee- o t e Erope o’s cte Czech Republic 0.416 0.478 opet. espte t e ct t t t eer poc, ere to t e s o bee e o tret, . . Cyprus 0.185 0.231 ort co cte/eer crret oet s ot eo . . pce, re ctte t e Latvia 0.114 0.120 to rec t e terete Erope- sector’s eeopet prospects e tret o 143.1 G or 2015 set or t e e t 15 ers. Iestors Luxembourg 0.075 0.081 b t e to eebe Eer NREAP st be coce t t t e Ero- Slovakia 0.006 0.006 cto s (E). It s re pe o’s reebe eeres cer t t t e 42.1-G Erope NREAP Slovenia 0.000 0.004 poc s o-ter poc t t os ore tret or 2020 be e or ore eecte Malta 0.000 0.000 sse. I cotrst, t e os ore ess cost rot . o o t t, t e Total EU 28 205.996 234.365 eer sector sts o 2012 2013 2015 2020 2020 trets st be e corse, t st be be to * Estimate. ** Overseas departments not included. Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 t e 2030 trets ee to be bot e cee 160 G b 2020 (168.8 G Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 btos b. pe t e Es). e t e

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Energy indicators

16 17

O OOL IC

becse o ert. ErObser’E t e ee. Sce 1 st 2014, E IE IGO… pts sor poer procto t o s sttos (t s- O E OE IO 80.8 2013 ( 19.9% er-o- te cpct o ≤500 p) e SOL E OF er crese), or t e eqet o bee ebe or t e Fee- r. E F E e’s tot eectrct proc- Fro 1 r 2016, t e Fee- ere re stbe ss to. oeer t s o be bore r o pp to st- t s oe s prtcr s- t t Ger (31 ) tos t ste cpct o ct. t o t e s oe It (21.6 ) betee t e ≤100 p. S pt opertors o Erope’s oest rrto ccot or bot to-t rs o e t e c oce betee t e ees, t s oce t t t E procto. Sp, c o F sste or rect ses coste ore t 1 000 p ste 120 p 2013, s st be t ret pre, r t e tee ot s o 2013. t r pce or procto t eres -cpct pt o be ore precse, ECC ce 8.3 t t e e o 2013, c opertors e to se o t e t t 1 033 p o cpct et s ro t e se ot s ret. Fro 2017 ors, t e o-r 2013, rs o-r 2012 (8.2 ). reebe eer spport ee cpct to te to 2 780 p. be e e t ro teers. ccor to costts rce- GE S E EEG pot c or teer or 600 p ter oseCoopers (C), t e s L COES IO FO CE o ro-bse ste cp- e to st p to 2 000 p e Ger ret ept ts top ct be e r 2015. o- ore t s er. e tre sees sot Erope t 3 310 p t er specc etre o t e Ger to be bore ot. ccor to

innotech solar ste 2013, espte t e s rp ret s t t ost o t e o- ECC, 1 321 p o cpct s rop e ste cpct e-cpct pts operte ste oer t e rst s ot s E E OE IO t bot 10.7 Gp o ste ece. Erope’s ste cp- (56.4% ess t 2012). s se-cospto ree. s o t e er. e ster o Stte IIE OE IS cpct copre to t e ob ct stoo t 79.622.8 p t t e se cote t ro 2014. ccor to 2 Cost, 95% or Eer ss t t t e co EE G S EG tot o 40 Gp (39 953 p ccor- e o 2013. ccor to t ro t e Ger- o t e <10-p sstes ste st p to 20 Gp o sor cp- to IE S t). I 2013. t e rs, o 1 685 p o e 2013 operte se-cospto ct b 2020. e Erope o o oer jor or rets ere C E OE SOL cpct s ste oer t e ree (se o t er srps) Sor prs be ebe or es t e or sor p o- (12 920 p), p (6 968 p) OE OCIO rst te ot s o 2014 (copre 85% or t ose t e 10–40 p eebe Obto Certctes tootc ret. t o t t e te Sttes (4 751 p). S GES to 2 919 p oer t e se pero 70% or t ose t e 40–1 000 p t 2017, c b eer sp- ccote or t ree-qrters o ErObser’E otes t t e- 2012). et 2015 s o be better re. s c be e pe b t e pers to spp t e or ret s recet s ste cpct t e E s e soo stto s t e e EEG e set ct t t t e poer costs ess s re o reebe eectrct. 2011 (73.6%), t s o to jst 10 672.6 p 2013 o ro pce 2013 s ot percote t e sector’s eeopet res to proce t prc s eec- 26.7% o t e ret to ers ter 17 519.4 p 2012. .e. 39.1% t ro to eectrct procto t s e estors t e so trct ro t e r.

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Energy indicators

18 19 1 2 oto otc cpct ste co ecte te Erope o 2012 2013* (p) Co ecte cte poto otc cpct te Erope o co tres t te e o 2012 2013 (p)

2012 2013* 2012 2013*

On grid Off grid Total On grid Off grid Total On grid Off grid Total On grid Off grid Total Germany 7 604.0 5.0 7 609.0 3 305.0 5.0 3 310.0 Germany 32 643.0 60.0 32 703.0 35 948.0 65.0 36 013.0 Italy 3 467.0 1.0 3 648.0 1 999.0 1.0 2 000.0 Italy 16 409.0 11.0 16 420.0 18 408.0 12.0 18 420.0 Greece 912.0 0.0 912.0 1 042.5 0.0 1 042.5 Spain 4 621.1 24.6 4 645.7 4 740.8 25.2 4 766.0 United Kingdom 713.0 0.0 713.0 1 033.0 0.0 1 033.0 France** 3 942.3 10.7 3 953.0 4 614.3 10.7 4 625.0 Romania 46.4 0.0 46.4 972.7 0.0 972.7 Belgium 2 581.0 0.1 2 581.1 2 912.0 0.1 2 912.1 France** 1 150.0 0.0 1 150.0 672.0 0.0 672.0 United Kingdom 1 747.0 2.3 1 749.3 2 780.0 2.3 2 782.3 Belgium 1 190.0 0.0 1 190.0 331.0 0.0 331.0 Greece 1 536.3 7.0 1 543.3 2 578.8 7.0 2 585.8 Netherlands 219.0 0.0 219.0 300.0 0.0 300.0 Czech Republic 2 022.0 0.4 2 022.4 2 132.4 0.4 2 132.8 Austria 234.5 0.0 234.5 268.7 0.0 268.7 Romania 49.3 0.0 49.3 1 022.0 0.0 1 022.0 Denmark 385.0 0.0 385.0 169.0 0.2 169.2 Bulgaria 914.1 0.7 914.8 1 018.5 0.7 1 019.2 Spain 269.1 1.3 270.4 119.7 0.5 120.3 Austria 417.2 4.5 421.7 685.9 4.5 690.4 Czech Republic 109.0 0.0 109.0 110.4 0.0 110.4 Netherlands 360.0 5.0 365.0 660.0 5.0 665.0 Bulgaria 702.6 0.0 702.6 104.4 0.0 104.4 Denmark 402.0 1.2 403.2 571.0 1.4 572.4 Lithuania 6.1 0.0 6.1 61.9 0.0 61.9 Slovakia*** 543.0 0.1 543.1 537.0 0.1 537.1 Portugal 68.0 0.1 68.1 57.0 0.5 57.5 Portugal 242.0 3.3 245.3 299.0 3.8 302.8 Slovenia 121.1 0.0 121.1 33.3 0.0 33.3 Slovenia 221.4 0.1 221.5 254.7 0.1 254.8 Luxembourg 35.7 0.0 35.7 23.3 0.0 23.3 Luxembourg 76.7 0.0 76.7 100.0 0.0 100.0 Sweden 7.5 0.8 8.3 17.9 1.1 19.0 Lithuania 6.1 0.1 6.2 68.0 0.1 68.1 Cyprus 7.1 0.0 7.1 17.5 0.1 17.6 Sweden 16.8 7.3 24.1 34.7 8.4 43.1 Croatia 4.0 0.0 4.0 15.0 0.0 15.0 Cyprus 16.4 0.8 17.2 33.9 0.9 34.8 Malta 12.1 0.0 12.1 6.0 0.0 6.0 Malta 18.7 0.0 18.7 24.7 0.0 24.7 Hungary 9.5 0.1 9.6 3.0 0.1 3.1 Croatia 4.0 0.0 4.0 19.0 0.0 19.0 Finland 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 Hungary 11.8 0.5 12.3 14.8 0.6 15.4 Poland 0.1 1.3 1.4 0.4 0.2 0.6 Finland 0.2 9.0 9.2 0.2 10.0 10.2 Ireland 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 Poland 1.4 2.2 3.6 1.8 2.4 4.2 Latvia 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Latvia 1.5 0.0 1.5 1.5 0.0 1.5 Estonia 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Ireland 0.2 0.8 0.9 0.2 0.9 1.0 Slovakia 55.8 0.0 55.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 Estonia 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.2 Total EU 17 509.5 9.9 17 519.4 10 663.8 8.8 10 672.6 Total EU 68 804.4 151.8 68 956.2 79 461.1 161.7 79 622.8 * Estimate. ** Overseas departments not included. Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 * Estimate. ** Overseas departments not included. *** According to the Slovak regulator URSO. photovoltaic power declined by 6 MW between 2012 and 2013. Source: EurObserv’ER 2014

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Energy indicators

20 21 Fro 2014 ors, eeopers 3 o oer reect t e stto c opt or t e Cotrcts or - Gross eectrct procto ro sor poto otc poer te t e ret. s s es e p- erece sste. I t e cse o Erope o 2012 2013* (G) e b t e ct t t procto sor poer, e reerece prces costs e bee ss e sce t e pp ro 2015 ors. 2012 2013* Es ere pbs e ( e e rtes re £ 120 per or 2010). oeer, o sos s o t ers 2015/16, £ 115 per Germany 26 380.0 31 000.0 be e bot t e Erope r- or 2016/17, £ 110 per or Italy 18 861.7 21 588.6 et st trro, or 2017/18, ropp to £ 100 per t s cer t t t e Erope o Spain 8 193.0 8 297.0 or 2018/19. oerets oe t s tec - France** 4 016.2 4 660.6 oo e opte c ore F CE IS I Greece 1 694.0 3 648.0 cotroe r rot e Frec ret cot Belgium 2 148.3 2 640.0 strte. It s t e rot o t e oer t t 2013. e test ob ret otse Erope t t oc sttstcs to be pbs e Czech Republic 2 149.0 2 070.0 tp t e r prt sces per- b t e Serce o Obserto United Kingdom 1 350.6 2 035.6 et ( e t e pr Sttstcs (SOeS) s o t t Bulgaria 814.0 1 348.5 s t) or sor p otootc. 672 p o cpct et o- Sbseqet, t e Erope r- Slovakia 424.0 601.0 r 2013 Frce, et’s tre rot rte c s 41.6% er-o-er se Austria 337.5 582.2 epe o eret preters, (1 150 p ste 2012). e Denmark 103.9 517.5 sc s t e potc ecso ot ret retr to rot Netherlands 253.8 504.0 to terere t t e eeopet 2014. s t e stto ee o se-procto ( c rs s 703 p (proso res) Portugal 393.0 479.0 coter to t e ttes’ terests)

oer t e rst t ree qrters, co- Romania 7.5 397.8 oc reo cot solar-fabrik ag pre to 504 p or t e se Slovenia 162.8 215.0 cotet to t e eeopet pero 2013. e 800- o oc oops (srt-rs) cob- Luxembourg 38.3 51.0 p t res o set b t e Ero- e t t e ro-ot o eectrct 4 et ster c s sse Lithuania 2.0 45.0 store eectrct o - Coprso o te crre t poto otc cpct stto tre 2013 be e 2014. ot Cyprus 22.0 45.0 eet sstes. ore b- (Gp) st te E (to e ebe E er cto s) Frec o-r cpct - Sweden 19.0 35.0 tos, bt estet- r rop Frce stoo t 4 625 p soto, c c o coe t t e e o 2013, copre to Malta 13.6 30.1 bot t e cote t o co-or- . 3 953 p t t e e o 2012. Hungary 7.9 24.0 te Erope eer poc, Croatia 2.0 11.3 o be better tercoecto O C CCI o t e Erope rs Finland 5.4 5.9 ILL E OE E betee t e ort Sot ISLLE Poland 3.4 4.0 Est est, c s pre- Ireland 0.7 0.7 reqste t e sor poer (os ore os ore) Estonia 0.6 0.6 I t e crret Erope cote t, e c e s to be resse. . Latvia 0.0 0.0 ttept to e rebe . . . projectos o Erope o Total EU 67 404.5 80 837.3 . . cpctes ste b 2020 * Estimate. ** Overseas departments not included. Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 2030 o be oo r. et oe

t s cert, t e p otootc NREAP NREAP sector rops r p b ec 2012 2013 2015 2020 2030 eber Stte or t e to Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 eebe Eer cto s

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Energy indicators

22 23

SOL EL

t e e sor t er rets coectors serce s bot eer sorce t e repceet – Frce, Ger, str, It, 44.8 o sqre t t e e ret s reposbe or t s ort ee Greece, c o 2013 t e Erope o, or tre. s ost s. e soo e 31.4 Gt o cpct. I 2014 Ger ecte e t e c be ttrbte e top t ree cotres re esto o eer ss (t e to t e e peet t e c e – Ger, s- EE ), c stptes t t I (eebe et Icete) tr Greece. I e te to ro 2015 ors, o- s- or prte s. s - ccot per cpt srce - re et sstes oer 30 ers o s to be ee ro t e pers- ctor, Cprs sets t e Erope o st be repce b e ss- pecte o o ecooc rot bec r t 0.787 2/p.c., tes. e s e to crese t e orb costrcto ooe b str (0.598 2/p.c.) sor sste ses, becse t e ret, copoe b ot er Greece (0.376 2/p.c.). e oss-e et sstes potc-spre ctors. e te to be so cope to sor sor t er str pers E GE E t er coectors, to proe ss- ee t t t e sector’s e s SLIIG E CE I E te perorce ecec. bee tte b prtcr b IL press oer t e c costs o espte s t sre 2011, t e … E OESIC I t e reebe eer cetes Ger sor t er ret s IS O I LCE t er pct o stte bets. st s. ccor to GEE- e eebe et Icetes

vaillant s t e pbc t ortes e Stt t e to st boe t e prore or oeoers s pe pot roe oe o sqre-etre r ( oestc I sc ee) c- e Erope o sor t er- ost 90% o t e e coectors t rt er ro t e cosers’ c oces (t 1 040 000 2) 2013, c s e to p o 9 pr 2014, ter sector or ot ter (89.3% to be precse), copete stto recor set 2008 e t e re o et, ot er 130 000 2 ess t 2012. S seres o se strts t ree et procto s bee ser otstrpp c tbe coec- ore t 4.6 o 2 ere s- copt o t ers s t t t e Sor (t e Ger sor str ers ter t e I s roe ot ro eeopet probes or tors. e e be coector (- te. orto pbc reco- ssocto) ees t e stto s or t e ot er sectors (str, seer ers. I 2013, t e ret e) ret s bsc ere to eto cps or st- ot r, s t s s t. e bsesses t e pbc sec- sppe or t e t te ro, et oc t ort prte FOCS O SOE OF E reebe et ot proporto o e bs eqp- tor). e “oestc” I s t e t ste coector srce s poos, bt s er-repre- E OE IOS ter procto sstes ejo pe t sor sstes s te or’s rst o-ter c o to jst 3 021 482 2 (eqt sete becse t e ret s ot so E ES c oer proe… c cos- to rse, s t e e b ret cete spport prore or to 2 115.0 t o cpct). .e. cose otore. e seere ret cotrcto ers e cer terprete s pcs p t s to o terest reebe et procto t t 13.3% ess t 2012. e ErOb- e 2013 stto res or tesse 2013, s ee er oc eorseet. rtes. e S e ps t t t e trets ose oers. It coers ser’E sre s t t 2013 sor t er coectors o s rper t t e preos er’s, ccor to ErObser’E, t e poor perorce o sor t e t-pte coectors ccote or resebe t ose o 2007, re r- c be e pe b eces srce re o sor t er br sste ses s seco

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Energy indicators

24 25 1 2 Srce res (2) b coector tpe correspo cpctes (t) ste o er te er 2012 Srce res (2) b coector tpe correspo cpctes (t) ste o er te er 2013*

Glazed collectors Corresponding Glazed collectors Corresponding Unglazed Unglazed Total (m2) capacities Total (m2) capacities collectors collectors Flat plate collectors Vacuum collectors (MWth) Flat plate collectors Vacuum collectors (MWth)

Germany 977 500 172 500 20 000 1 170 000 819.0 Germany 907 800 112 200 20 000 1 040 000 728.0 Italy 290 400 39 600 0 330 000 231.0 Italy 267 000 30 000 0 297 000 207.9 Poland 216 168 85 906 0 302 074 211.5 Poland 199 100 75 000 0 274 100 191.9 France* 268 236 8 150 6 000 282 386 197.7 Spain 222 552 6 169 3 794 232 515 162.8 Greece 241 500 1 500 0 243 000 170.1 France** 216 185 6 300 6 000 228 485 159.9 Spain 213 060 12 623 3 591 229 274 160.5 Greece 210 000 1 000 0 211 000 147.7 Austria 200 800 5 590 2 410 208 800 146.2 Austria 175 140 4 040 1 460 180 640 126.4 Denmark 133 122 0 0 133 122 93.2 Denmark 104 000 0 0 104 000 72.8 Czech Republic 37 000 13 000 50 000 100 000 70.0 Czech Republic 32 306 12 225 35 000 79 531 55.7 Portugal 90 896 0 0 90 896 63.6 Netherlands 30 054 2 694 27 396 60 144 42.1 Netherlands 42 470 0 26 000 68 470 47.9 Belgium 48 500 10 500 0 59 000 41.3 Belgium 50 500 11 500 0 62 000 43.4 Portugal 57 234 0 0 57 234 40.1 United Kingdom 47 893 11 382 0 59 275 41.5 United Kingdom 36 000 9 000 0 45 000 31.5 Hungary 44 200 5 800 1 650 51 650 36.2 Ireland 17 022 10 679 0 27 701 19.4 Ireland 18 803 8 284 27 087 19.0 Romania 9 000 14 850 180 24 030 16.8 Cyprus 22 373 1 544 166 24 083 16.9 Hungary 10 580 7 170 250 18 000 12.6 Romania 20 000 0 0 20 000 14.0 Croatia 15 700 1 750 0 17 450 12.2 Croatia 17 000 2 000 0 19 000 13.3 Cyprus 16 652 472 34 17 158 12.0 Slovenia 10 596 2 897 0 13 493 9.4 Slovenia 7 089 1 949 0 9 038 6.3 Sweden 8 251 3 006 910 12 167 8.5 Sweden 6 124 2 487 351 8 962 6.3 Slovakia 6 500 1 000 500 8 000 5.6 Slovakia 5 200 1 000 500 6 700 4.7 Bulgaria 8 000 0 0 8 000 5.6 Luxembourg 6 179 0 0 6 179 4.3 Luxembourg 6 835 0 0 6 835 4.8 Bulgaria 5 600 0 0 5 600 3.9 Malta 5 980 0 0 5 980 4.2 Finland 3 000 1 000 0 4 000 2.8 Finland 3 000 1 000 0 4 000 2.8 Latvia 2 700 0 0 2 700 1.9 Latvia 3 000 0 0 3 000 2.1 Lithuania 600 1 200 0 1 800 1.3 Lithuania 600 1 200 0 1 800 1.3 Estonia 900 900 0 1 800 1.3 Estonia 900 900 0 1 800 1.3 Malta 1 223 493 0 1 715 1.2 Total EU 28 2 985 583 389 382 111 227 3 486 192 2 440.3 Total EU 28 2 613 440 313 078 94 965 3 021 482 2 115.0 * Overseas departments included. Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 * Estimate. ** Overseas departments included. Source: EurObserv’ER 2014

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Energy indicators

26 27 3 sor t er tec ooes, et 2014 ret to stbe or s o peror ppces ro t e Ct e cpct o ter sor coectors* ste te Erope o 2012 2013** pps boss boers st- s t ps. t t s cer t t ret. e sste tr (2 t) e sce 1 2009, proe cer- -bo sor t er ret beet ses o reebe eer- t eer ecec crter re recoer be cotet o ee ppces. 2012 2013** et. I t e cse o sor t er, -ot reebe et eeop- e t e peetto o spe- t e cete ots to 19.2p/ et poc t t cobes ce- cc, bo esres rere b m2 MWth m2 MWth (€ 0.23/ ), p qrter tes to proce t prooto t e to Erope ec- or see ers. e cete cp. so-ers s te, ErOb- Germany 16 309 000 11 416.3 17 222 000 12 055.4 s to bre t e cost p coser’E recos t t t e Erope Austria 4 926 348 3 448.4 5 054 698 3 538.3 pre to 100% oss-e et e Erope Cosso s ot o c ee o ts co- Greece 4 121 025 2 884.7 4 164 025 2 914.8 sste. e procto cete stoo e. O 6 Septeber 2013, t e be E trets. ccor to Italy 3 400 000 2 380.0 3 700 000 2 590.0 ppes to bot , sor t er ot reto o t e eco-es req- ErObser’E, et procto ter procto sstes reets o boers ot ter ro t e sor t er sector re- Spain 2 964 864 2 075.4 3 197 379 2 238.2 cobe ot ter et eters s pbs e t e O- c e er 2 toe 2013, .e. 30.2% France*** 2 415 000 1 690.5 2 575 000 1 802.5 sstes. c or o t e Erope o. o t e E 2020 tret. Poland 1 211 500 848.1 1 485 000 1 039.5 Oce t e see-er ter s Fro Septeber 2015 ors e pre, o rt er procto t ese ppces be octe Portugal 966 770 676.7 1 024 004 716.8 cete be p ot to t e eer bes to ebe cosers Czech Republic 892 768 624.9 972 299 680.6 bt t e beet ro to e t e eer ecec Netherlands 864 641 605.2 879 423 615.6 t e ss e b t e st- cospto ereces betee to t ro ot ts ete (pt t e ros sstes. e be Denmark 712 823 499.0 786 000 550.2 t 25 ers). e oeret cte eer cteor r- Cyprus 693 999 485.8 681 157 476.8 t e Sor re ssocto ro +++ to F, ere t e best United Kingdom 650 497 455.3 678 897 475.2 (S ) to st o sor score be re to… sor roos b 2015. ccor to t e t er sstes t t beet ro Belgium 477 115 334,0 534 628 374,2 S , t ere re re ore t t e o tec oo ebe or Sweden 482 000 337,4 488 000 341,6 200 000 sor t er sstes cteor +++! Cteor G be Ireland 252 677 176.9 280 379 196.3 ste t e . S sr- bos e to t r t e orst- e ctes t t sor t er Slovenia 202 537 141.8 211 574 148.1 sste prces co coe o Hungary 178 974 125.3 196 109 137.3 b 29.2% t e ret tes o, 4 Slovakia 154 350 108.0 161 050 112.7 ot t t t e crret e Coprso o te crre t tre ( toe) st te E (to Romania 133 355 93.3 157 385 110.2 prce o sor ot ter eter e ebe E er cto s) rop or 4-beroo ose s bot Croatia 119 600 83.7 137 050 95.9 £ 4 500 (€ 5 500). Bulgaria 83 000 58.1 83 600 58.5 Malta 48 293 33.8 50 008 35.0 ESIO OF OLIICL COICE FO Finland 42 713 29.9 46 413 32.5 Luxembourg 32 952 23.1 39 131 27.4 Latvia 14 650 10.3 17 350 12.1 e sor t er sector sees to be t e t roes o ot er crss NREAP Lithuania 9 150 6.4 10 950 7.7 t s r to e t e sector Estonia 6 120 4.3 7 920 5.5 t e pt to stro, sst- Total EU 28 42 366 721 29 657 44 841 429 31 389,0 be rot t s to re soe NREAP o ts o c resorces. e * All technologies included unglazed collectors. ** Estimate. *** Overseas departments included. Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 boo-ett s o e t s er. 2012 2013 2015 2020

e sector’s e-er orecsts Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 cte t t t e pecte t e

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Energy indicators

28 29

SLL OOE südtirol marketing/max lautenschläger

or bot ece, t e ee- eeopet potet o s SLL O SSES Fopet o s ro, c ro ber o cotres. E coers pts p to 10 o S ro st s por- cpct, s stre er tt roe to p t t e eec- e sre cocte t t e e o t e eects o eroet trct sste. prt ro t e ct 2014 o t e Erope o o 28, esto sc s t e ter Fr- t t t s reebe eer, s cote t e et ste cpct eor recte t e sett- t e pts re ese to rect o s ro, ee s t e cp- p o tr 2000 protecte res. ete to cttos t e ct t t c be se b t e trbe ccor to ES (Erope S e or eectrct t s so eertor s t. ErObser’E, ropoer ssocto), t s copette eer t t cotr-

esto es t e ecooc btes to r stbt. OEBMV/derschmid

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Energy indicators

30 31 o t t et cpct 2013 1 cpct procto. oeer 2 e ceee 14 000 2013 or t e et cpct o s ro (<10 ) te Erope o b ts e pso s ot ssre oer Gross eectrct procto ro s ropoer (<10 ) rst te, or e ct 14 050 . It co tr 2012 2013* () t e e t ece becse sector te Erope o (G) s t s crese b 2.3% t e eeopet s cres - spce o 12 ot s. e top t ree 2012 2013* o o t e peetto 2012 2013 cotres or et ste cp- o t e ter Freor rec- ct re It (3 034 ), Frce Italy 2 904 3 034 te, c st be trspose Italy 9 409 11 986 (2 021 ) Sp (1 948 ). France 2 025 2 021 to to beore 2015. Germany 7 206 7 819 e to cotres t t e t e e ErObser’E projectos retest pt to t e crese Spain 1 942 1 948 e to be ose t e e- France 5 756 7 196 Erope cpct 2013 ere Germany 1 780 1 774 ocs cote, et t e str Austria 5 774 5 721 It (130 ) o es t t t ere s coserbe Austria 1 184 1 233 Spain 2 934 5 241 (104 ). potet or eeopet. er e er 2013 s oo er or Sweden 953 992 copre ese rop s bee Sweden 4 366 3 020 bot re- s-sce ro- Romania 426 530 r p t t es oce Portugal 627 1 195 poer. ErObser’E reports t t or t e sector’s potet s prt o t e orer (≥10 ) recore Portugal 380 373 t e Erope Stre p project Czech Republic 917 1 094 320.1 o procto 2013 Czech Republic 311 326 coorte b ES. e Stre Finland 1 733 1 077 (cres 28.5 ), e c p report recos t t st- ppe store. e tter Finland 315 318 e s ropoer cpct Poland 938 994 (<10 ) crese to 49.5 , .e. Bulgaria 285 285 co rse to 17.3 G b 2020 e- United Kingdom 868 802 5.9 ore t 2012… 13.5% 59.7 o eer, c s Poland 273 277 Greece 669 772 rse). s s ro ccots or er t t e E orecsts. 13.4% o “pre” rc proc- United Kingdom 254 258 e ost pros cotres re Bulgaria 731 715 to pt t 369.6 2013. Greece 218 220 It, Frce, Sp, str, ort- Romania 540 603 e Erope o’s s ro , o Greece. procto s cocetrte Slovenia 160 161 oeer t pots ot t t t e sec- Slovenia 297 363 o cotres. e top Belgium 65 64 tor’s rot b t s tee be Belgium 206 233 s (It, Ger, Frce, s- e epeet o t e bt o Slovakia 71 43 Croatia 77 122 tr, Sp See) ct str, pbc t ortes t e ccot or 82.8% o E procto Ireland 41 41 ecso ers to te ppro- Luxembourg 99 119 t e top t ree 54.5% betee Luxembourg 34 34 prte steps to e t crret Slovakia 109 115 t e. e e cotres ose tre c ees. e pbc s ro procto crese Latvia 26 30 t ortes s o set p c Lithuania 97 92 t e ost re It (b 2.6 ), Croatia 28 28 or strte rreets Ireland 108 75 Sp (2.3 ), Frce (1.4 ), or e cete ec ss. e Ger (0.6 ) ort Lithuania 26 26 str st so perseere t Hungary 39 62 (0.6 ). ere s ess e Hungary 14 17 est tec ooes t t pre- Latvia 80 60 or s ro ort er Erope sere t e ecooc cott o Estonia 8 8 Estonia 42 26 2013. Ses procto sppe tercorses protect s b 1.3 t t o F b Denmark 9 9 poptos s o so cot- Denmark 17 13 0.7 . Total EU 28 13 732 14 050 e ts strsto eorts Total EU 28 43 641 49 513 cross t e Erope o. s E OE Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 c proress res to be e Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 IS IG FO t e sector s to cote to eeop soot . s t sts, t e s ropoer sector s e t t e E trets, bot ters o ste

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Energy indicators

32 33 3 Coprso o te crre t s ropoer cpct stto tre () st te E (to e ebe E er cto s) rop

NREAP NREAP

2012 2013 2015 2020 Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 OEBMV/derschmid

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Energy indicators

34 35

GEO EL EEG

eot er eer c be reco- so opertor) ss t t et cp- , t t e cotr’s s- ort’s eot er resorces Gere et er s et or eectrct rose s t ro 728.1 to te eot er cpct to e bee resse to proce ct, t eret tec ooes 729 , e t e e ore 28.5 2013 to t r pce eectrct t e ores occ or eret ppctos or pt o t e ote t ste, t e E be It ort- rc peo, o S e Is. ec tpe. Geot er et c 1- br cce pt, s co- . It o s 7 pts… t e test ccor to t e GGE ( rectorte spp strct et etors ssoe. er pots ot t t e joe rc s, Is e, Geer or Eer Geoo), or terte se to et poos, eot er eectrct procto L, ter c Ser- et operbe cpct ree ree oses or qrs. crese 1.2% er-o-er, rs c t s booste eot er stbe t 25 . oeer, o t t ro 5 591.7 to 5 659.2 G . eectrct procto. GEE-Stt tece opertos o - ELEC ICI o e pts – rr r, cs t rec e 80 G 2013 – ber o stes e bee copete, OC IO (5.5 ) rc stocc 55 G crese oer 2012. ortese eot er eectrct (5.5 ) et o stre Ger- procto s recoere (cre- Grot o eot er eectrct s b 34.9%) to ro 200 G . cpct t e cotres o t e Erope o cote to 1 ost o Frce’s -tepertre

crese 2013 proc 11.0 C p ct st e et c p ct o E eoter poer p ts eot er eer potet s josef reiter ore t 2012, t 951.5 2012 2013* (e) t e oerses terrtores coprs o ste cpct. O prt o to pts t ote, Ge- t s cpct s ct serce 2012 2013* ope, t 14.7 o cpct. 2 s t e rest s o s to or er- e GEC ( rectorte Geer Gross eoter eectrct procto te Erope o Capacity Net Capacity Net o tece. ErObser’E installed capacity installed capacity or Eer Cte) esttes 2012 2013* (G) pts t e et cpct o t ese eo- 2013 procto ro t ese pts Italy 875.5 728.1 875.5 729.0 t er pts 2013 t 794.9 . t 89.6 G . Frce so s 1.5- 2012 2013* Gross eectrct procto pce Portugal 29.0 25.0 29.0 25.0 pot pt o t e Sot-sos- Italy 5 591.7 5 659.2 p oet psse t e Germany 17.5 12.0 28.5 24.0 Forêts ste t t ses ot r roc Portugal 146.0 197.0 6- r (6 026.1 G to be pre- France** 17.1 16.2 17.1 16.2 eot er eer. cse), recor 3.6% rot . France** 56.1 89.6 Austria 1.4 0.7 1.4 0.7 OE OF O Germany 25.0 80.0 It’s eot er cpct s Total 940.5 782.0 951.5 794.9 C IO EEC E I Austria 0.7 0.3 cocetrte to pro- Note: net capacity is the maximum capacity presumed harnessable that can be e Erope o’s eot er cto res – Lrereo, re- supplied continuously at the outlet point to the network when the entire plant is cpct s set to rse t e et Total 5 819.5 6 026.1 coo ote t. running. * Estimate. ** Overseas departments included. Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 * Estimate. ** Overseas departments included. Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 er (t e It r trss-

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Energy indicators

36 37 3 sts ot ro t e ot ers s cr- cobe cpct o 122 t . potet, or rtce 14 eceber 2015. Geot er rect ses o eoter eer (ec ro-sorce e t re b Foroc e Éere Strs- e 8 stes re er (So- reqres ec eber Stte to eer s ts o roe to p, bt pps) te Erope o b cotr 2012 2013* bor, or or or or erbor, 12 t ), Ger e t e Cosso ssess- oce t s p to t e pot- eot er bore oes. prospec- (Serc , 40 t , - et o t e potet or pp cs to troce t e stttor 2012 2013* te st cocte b FG (t e rbr, 10 t ), r e coeerto e- cete ec ss req- Frec ssocto o eot er (soc 55 t , o 5 t cet et etors pror to 31 re to eeop reebe et. Energy Energy Capacity Capacity tapped tapped proessos) sests t t eec- Soo, 1.2 t ), o (MWth) (MWth) (ktoe) (ktoe) trct-eert cpct co (oebce, 3.8 t ) It rse to 202 b 2025 (40 (oteer rtto, 6 t ). 4 Italy 778.7 133.8 784.7 134.6 Frce 145 e bore oes ere so re Cop rso o te eoter e t eer to tre (toe) st France 287.4 112.5 287.4 129.5 t e oerses terrtores). I It, to boost sppes to est e- te E ( to ee be Eer cto ) ro p Hungary 714.0 105.1 774.0 117.0 or pts, c t e 40- t etors Frce. e EGEC Germany 170.3 66.1 220.3 73.1 ore 4 project, re be ee- t pts eot er cpct ope s o coe o stre or et etors t t e e Slovenia 66.8 34.6 66.8 38.4 b 2017. EGEC s re et- o 2013 cross 17 cotres o t e Bulgaria n.a. 33.4 n.a. 33.4 e 28 projects t eeopet Erope o t 1 198 . ste 11 cotres cross t e Austria 97.0 27.6 97.0 28.4 E t t cotrbte t est I t e o- e-eer Netherlands 51.0 11.8 51.0 23.7 205 o to cpct. e eot er ppctos re te Sweden 33.0 23.2 33.0 23.2 to eebe Eer cto to ccot, It res t e . . Romania 176.0 21.6 176.0 21.6 s orecst 10.9 o eo- e or t ese ppctos . NREAP t er procto or eectrc 2013, e Frce s t e est Poland 115.4 15.8 119.2 18.6 ppctos b 2020 o t e bss ber o eot er et

Greece 104.9 13.1 101.0 11.5 o 1 613 o ste cpct. etors serce t e E – 42 NREAP Croatia 45.3 7.0 45.3 6.8 – t 287.4 o cobe cp- Denmark 21.0 6.9 33.0 5.5 E OC IO ct. ore t t ese etors 2012 2013 2015 2020 re octe t e rs bs Slovakia 14.2 3.6 14.2 3.8 Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 LO EIEEG et 150 000 es. e GEC Czech Republic 4.5 2.1 4.5 2.1 LIC IOS ss t t t e proce bot 5 Belgium 6.1 1.5 6.1 1.7 e cpct o ppctos - 129.5 toe o eot er eer e to rect ses o et (ec- 2013. Cop rso o te crret eoter eectrct eer to tre Lithuania 48.0 3.8 48.0 1.7 et pps) t e Erope (G) st te E ( to ee be Eer cto ) Portugal 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.6 o, e eot er et E GE ro p United Kingdom 2.8 0.8 2.8 0.8 se b strct et etors, EI SCELE Total EU 28 2 737.9 625.8 2 865.7 677.0 rctre, str, beoo e p s e t e te ot er ses, s pt t 2 865.7 betee eot er et’s cr- * Estimate. Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 or 677.0 toe 2013. e res ret trjector t e tret set re bse o oc t t ere ot t e to eebe e ers. I Ger, t e EGEC t e eeopet o eep eo- r t e eceber 2014 ErOb- Eer cto s, c pro- (Erope Geot er Eer t er eer t e ser’E sre, ro to- e or 2 646 toe 2020

Coc) ss t t 15 projects re t ro ts occ pote- orto ro t e 2013-2014 terete tret o 1 348 toe NREAP er eeopet t t co t t e oerses terrtores. ECEG ret report t t 2015. I t s to be rroe, t e potet proe t e cotr O t e , 11 eporto ocse o t e coecto o e eber Sttes st troce

t 80-90 s er s 2017. perts e bee rte to pr- eot er et etors pr- c boer cete poces to NREAP rt er 28 projects re o t e te copes (8 sce, to tcr. proote eot er et s r bor, c o t e ss Cetr oe t e tter o rec. e e Eer crese cpct b ore t reees) 9 rt er ppc- e EGEC reports t t 8 e Ecec recte (2012/27/E) 2012 2013 2015 2020 100 . Frce so tes to tos re t e ppee. Oe o t e eot er et etors s o ecore t e to Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 ress ts eot er potet projects e t e o- e t t ere cossoe 2013, t reobe terest t er eot er-

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Energy indicators

38 39

E S

reess o et pp tec - perorce coecets o ooes s s ot p b eps eet t e Erope eebe bos, espec sce t e Eer recte’s reqreets -2000s. et pps e c- (.e. seso perorce c- e t er pce t e sp ere o tor ecess o 2.5) s tter o reebe eer procto ecepto. e Erope tec ooes t ro jor o- et p ret Stts- tos to t er eer ecec, tcs eport or 2014 pbs e b prtcr to t er co- E (Erope et p sso- pressors. Geer t ree jor cto), sttes t t 79 122 ts tpes o et pp () re s- ere so 2013 19 cotres ts e – ro-sorce s o t e Erope o copre [GS], t t ce t e tec o- to 61 405 2012, c eqtes oes s t e ro’s eer, to 28.9% rot . Frce es t e e t e ro-ter e t 45 950 ts so 2013, ro-r et pps, ro- e o Ger, t 12 100 t er s ce t ose t t o t 7 800 ts so. s se ter s t er et sorce; st so ores str-se e ter-ter s s t ose se b et ter-r s r-sorce s etors. [ S] t t coer t e tec oo- ott st, t e ErOb- es s to be r-r, r-ter, ser’E sttstcs ctor s e st r-r e st r- reersbe sstes (t t pro- ter t t se r s t er et ce bot et rererto), sorce. ese st to se t e c t ose se or e st r (oor r) o e- coo, proe t t t e eet s eres t e rst to se t e recte’s reqreets. It s bet r (otse t e b). et p to t e eber Sttes e- et oooc ote: t s st t er or ot to ce t s tpe o oes ot ce t eroc sste t er reebe eer ot ter eters ose t ses ccot o et pps. re sor, becse ccor to

viessmann t e Erope Cosso t er

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Energy indicators

40 41 r-sorce tec ooes re popr t ere coer cte E OI E t jst oer 1 500 000 ts so OSI I E O LOO e t t e to trets set ot ctes, e cotres cotres. e S (r-ter) to ISOCE S 2013 copre to jst er t e to eebe Eer t co ctes; ore stbe GS strbto s ore eqtbe 1 526 000 2012. s s t ret e reoto ret t e cto s. sr o t ese tepertres re reqre or ss- t e eroor et sstes e e-o-er ErObser’E cotrcto s o o portce s eect o t e e t er ps s e b EC (Eer tes to r proper. s eps ret ere r-ter tpe Ss sre cors t t t e S t stes ro t e It ret’s retos boost t e r- eserc Ceter o t e et er- GS rets peror better ccot or 65% GSs or 35%. ret s re s cres stest perorce c s ot strct et’s rot prospects or 2014. s). It s oe t t t e eber coprbe t t e ot er Ero- e str s epect ses Sttes pt t e tot cotrbto pe o rets becse oes to crese b bot o reebe eer cptre 1 t e It str o Ecooc 5%, c brs ope or sst- b s t 7 252 toe 2015 r-sorce e t pp1 ret 2012 2013* (ts so) eeopet’s sttstcs cc- be recoer t e E’s r- 12 290 toe 2020. e cotr- tos ce er o-cpct et. s retr to rot , c 2012 2013* reersbe sstes (o t e spt or sees to be t s pe, s t-spt tpe) t t re eer Air-source HPs of which air-water Air-source HPs of which air-water se or r-coto. t ot 2 Italy2 1 071 600 14 600 1 042 900 16 900 t e It ret t e eqto, t e Erope o ret t Gro-sorce e t pp ret 2012 2013* (ts so) France 130 569 52 779 133 148 53 899 ore ccrte represets t e Sweden 70 587 6 384 71 650 6 635 s se or proc 2012 2013* Spain 49 625 1 374 51 738 2 464 et. Its res re poste Sweden 24 520 24 900 Finland 45 954 954 43 742 1 227 pbet t ore t 459 000 ts so 2013, copre to Germany 22 257 21 157 Germany 38 476 38 476 39 983 39 983 jst oer 454 000 2012. Finland 11 789 11 257 Netherlands 30 849 3 224 28 138 4 633 e GS ret s Austria 6 669 6 023 Denmark 24 745 2 113 24 689 3 429 eorb. ErObser’E s t t t e sector cotrcte b Poland 5 121 5 142 United Kingdom 15 505 14 455 15 656 15 656 rt er 7.5% ro 96 748 ts France 6 448 4 924 Estonia 12 295 790 13 260 800 so 2012 to 89 526 2013. Netherlands 5 786 3 052 Portugal 8 008 721 9 197 437 Oe o t e resos er- Denmark 3 191 2 681 Austria 7 977 7 843 8 549 8 416 t e GS ret pe s t t t s so cose te to t e Czech Republic 2 501 2 340 Slovenia 4 950 n.a. 6 151 n.a. e b ret, c United Kingdom 2 294 1 976 Czech Republic 5 576 5 180 4 666 4 209 Erope o cotres s o Estonia 1 200 1 400 Belgium 5 135 5 135 4 167 4 167 t ts r. e opposte os tre or t e S ret c Belgium 1 418 1 336 Poland 1 995 1 680 2 119 2 119 s stro bostere b t e reo- Italy 1 050 1 030 Ireland 905 886 1 190 1 169 to ret. Frt erore, t e Hungary 293 510 Slovakia 508 392 648 500 e sto reqreets Lithuania 450 470 Hungary 383 177 273 226 rest ro t e test t er- retos rece et Slovenia 475 441 Lithuania 195 195 230 110 reqreets. s rest, Ss Slovakia 245 312 Luxembourg 128 128 n.a. n.a. re c ore copette t Ireland 479 305 Total EU 1 525 965 157 486 1 502 094 166 979 GSs t e e b ret, or psse or poste-eer Spain 511 246 Total EU without Italy 454 365 142 886 459 194 150 079 e, oe c be ete Portugal 39 24 * Estimate. b spe o- r o Luxembourg 12 n.a. 1) Designed for heating with or without cooling function. e st r (t eroc 2) The Italian market data is not strictly comparable with the other European Union markets because they include very low-capacity reversible systems (of the split or multi-split type) that are generally used for cooling. o etto sste), Total UE** 96 748 89 526 Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 t ecessr to st er- * Estimate. ** In those countries where a market exists. Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 cpct et sste.

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Energy indicators

42 43 3 bto o ec cteor b ot ber o e t pps serce 2012 2013* te Erope o t e 2020 te e s bot 56.4% or Ss, 38.1% or GSs 2012 2013* 5.5% or rot er s. s breo s jst te Air-source Ground- Total base in Air-source Ground- Total base in o sce becse soe cotres HPs source HPs service HPs source HPs service ot spec t e breo Italy1 15 972 000 10 500 15 982 500 16 900 000 11 530 16 911 530 betee t e t ree cteores. ccor to ErObser’E , t e France 777 259 123 045 900 304 910 407 127 969 1 038 376 crret ret tre s e t Sweden 654 233 243 058 897 291 725 883 267 958 993 841 t e to eebe Eer Germany 223 000 272 200 495 200 261 000 297 191 558 191 cto trets t s to Finland 445 787 72 420 518 207 466 463 83 677 550 140 better ccot ore ccrte report o t e ber o Denmark 308 119 36 335 344 454 332 808 42 824 352 816 s serce t e eber Spain 195 989 898 196 887 247 727 1 144 248 871 Sttes, s ee e o t e ter- Netherlands 147 815 41 257 189 072 174 515 43 882 218 397 ete trets or 2015. Bulgaria 149 962 3 749 153 711 149 962 3 749 153 711 Portugal 111 374 691 112 065 120 571 715 121 286 United Kingdom 68 645 17 760 86 405 84 301 19 736 104 037 Austria 34 044 55 805 89 849 42 593 55 805 98 398 Estonia 59 097 5 955 65 052 72 357 7 355 79 712 Czech Republic 24 234 25 766 50 000 28 604 30 667 59 271 Poland 5 445 20 621 26 066 6 699 25 763 32 462 Belgium 12 595 4 046 16 641 16 762 5 382 22 144 heliotherm Slovenia 7 473 4 669 12 142 13 624 5 110 18 734 Slovakia 4 590 2 215 6 805 5 238 2 527 7 765 4 Ireland 2 532 2 303 4 835 3 722 2 608 6 330 Comparison of the current trend of the renewable energy from heat Hungary 2 207 1 049 3 256 2 480 1 559 4 039 pumps (ktoe) against the NREAP (National Renewable Energy Action Lithuania 690 1 623 2 313 920 2 093 3 013 Plans) roadmap Luxembourg 742 106 848 742 106 848 Total EU 19 207 832 946 071 20 153 903 20 567 378 1 039 350 21 606 728

Total EU 3 235 832 935 571 4 171 403 3 667 378 1 027 820 4 695 198 without Italy * Estimate. 1) The Italian market data is not strictly comparable with the other European Union markets because they include very low-capacity reversible systems (of the split or multi-split type) that are generally used for cooling. Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 NREAP NREAP

2012 2013 2015 2020 Source: EurObserv’ER 2014

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Energy indicators

44 45

IOGS

erobc esters spec E E OCE Sp, ort Ire), e ese to recoer eer . OE steter tretet bos se- proce ost o t e bos o s t e pper (See cross t e Erope o. e I 2013, bos eer procto, o). pts coe eret tpes pt t 13.5 toe, ejoe os s reebe eer t t ses r ro s to-t rot (11.9% p o 2012). c be recoere eret s. erobc esters o rs, oeer t e sector epe t ore ote t ot t s t e or rer co-esto (or t- soer pce t preos ers, o eectrct et coee- proct) pts ose o becse t e Erope o’s top rto pts. Eectrct proc- ste et e procto to procer cotres, Ger to, reress o et er t s pts. er eestoc (r It, e e c es to proce coeerto pts s ters) s tpc srr, r- t er bos poces. o t e bos eer reco- ste, ree ste, oo- For ber o ers o, ost er c e. I 2013, procto process ste oestc o t e strbto o t e E’s pr- rec e bot 52.7 (4.5 toe), rese bt t e ctes c so r bos eer procto c s 13.7% er-o-er rse. se ctte r crops sc s bee o t e “ot er bos” I 2013 t e ot o et so s terete crops (crcers, cteor. ccor to ErOb- to et etors crese b rsses, etc.), ot er eer ser’E t s cteor ccote 33.7% or 469.3 toe. e so ee to crops (e, etc.), to opte or bot 69.8% o E procto ctor so et (se rect t e et to recto. 2013, cer otstrpp o t e procto stes), estte e bre ter “ot er bo- bos t 20.7%, steter t bot 2 126 toe 2013 (11.6% s” coers t e procto o tretet bos t 9.5%. s s- ore t 2012). I t ere re t ese sttos or t e se trbto res cross t e eber otets cose to t e et - o coeece, to sts Sttes t e “ot er bos” cte- to pt, t e bos c be t ro t e bos proce b or” oes ot s coe ot o resse t eer steter tretet pts top. It perors prtcr e ecec to proce et. It c t t proce et e ro cotres t t e opte to ee- so be ree to boet e so see se o ro op et to o str t t t c be pt to se t e se bos ose proc- sce, sc s Ger, It, s- s tr s, t e or o to s rect cptre se tr t e Cec epbc. e eectrct coeerto pts, t e s rt er t be breo so or - proce b str pt. bos (s ppes t e , michigan state university board of trustees michigan state

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Energy indicators

46 1 47 r r eer procto ro bo s te Erope o 2012 2013* (toe)

2012 2013*

Landﬁll Sewage Other Sewage Other Total Landﬁll gas Total gas sludge gas1 biogas2 sludge gas1 biogas2

Germany 123.7 372.1 5 925.6 6 421.4 110.7 438.0 6 319.2 6 867.9 United Kingdom** 1 533.9 269.7 0.0 1 803.6 1 538.2 286.2 0.0 1 824.4 Italy*** 364.7 42.0 772.0 1 178.8 403.2 48.6 1 363.8 1 815.5 Czech Republic 31.7 39.4 303.8 374.9 28.9 39.6 502.5 571.1 France 166.5 43.4 184.4 394.4 180.7 43.4 212.6 436.7 Netherlands 29.9 53.1 214.5 297.5 24.6 57.8 220.3 302.8 Spain 159.6 76.3 55.0 290.9 166.1 69.6 49.8 285.5 Austria 3.8 18.2 184.3 206.4 3.7 18.4 174.6 196.8 Belgium 32.4 17.2 108.0 157.7 28.4 24.0 136.5 189.0 Poland 53.7 79.3 34.9 168.0 51.5 80.1 49.8 181.4 Sweden 12.6 73.5 40.6 126.7 9.8 73.4 61.8 145.0 Denmark 5.5 21.4 77.7 104.7 5.1 23.1 82.7 110.9 Greece 69.4 15.8 3.4 88.6 67.5 16.1 4.8 88.4 Hungary 14.3 18.7 46.8 79.8 14.3 20.1 47.8 82.2 Slovakia 3.1 13.8 45.1 62.0 3.4 14.8 48.5 66.6 vku – regentaucher.com Portugal 54.0 1.7 0.7 56.4 61.8 2.7 0.8 65.3 bt so s boe or tr s- (23 pts), str (10 pts), Ger’s boet e procto Latvia 18.4 5.7 27.8 51.9 7.0 3.0 55.0 65.0 poere e ces (Gs) or ee F (6 pts) t e s rs t e rest o t e Erope Finland 31.6 13.9 12.4 57.9 31.8 13.9 13.4 59.1 jecte to t e tr s r. cotr Lebor (3 pts). o’s. ccor to t e E Ireland 43.0 7.5 5.4 55.9 36.8 7.9 3.5 48.2 ore recet t e (4 pts), boet e sector broeter, IOE E Frce (3 pts), It (2 pts), Ger re 151 boe- Slovenia 6.9 3.1 28.2 38.1 7.1 2.8 24.8 34.7 EIG ECO E er (1 pt), r t e pts t t e e o e Romania 1.4 0.1 25.9 27.3 1.5 0.1 28.4 30.0 CEL (1 pt) Crot (1 pt) e 2014 (146 t t e e o 2013) t Croatia 0.7 2.7 8.1 11.4 0.4 2.3 13.8 16.6 becoe oe oer cos- procto cpct o ro oet e procto s pr- erbe eeopet potet. 93 650 3/ (or cbc etres Lithuania 6.1 3.1 2.3 11.6 7.1 3.6 4.8 15.5 r poprt t ost o t e procto ro t ese per or). e Feer r ec Luxembourg 0.1 1.3 12.0 13.4 0.1 1.3 11.4 12.8 t e cotres o t e Erope pts s tee or r jecto ( esetetr) ss t t t e Cyprus 0.0 0.0 11.4 11.4 0.0 0.0 12.0 12.0 o, becse t ebes t e to bt co so be se o ste e ot o boet e jecte Estonia 2.2 0.7 0.0 2.9 6.3 0.9 0.0 7.2 rece t er rece o tr reqre. Ot er cotres o se to Ger’s tr s r s ports. ErObser’E o t er procto o t er see s prctc obe sce 2011. Bulgaria 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 t est 258 boet e pts tretet stes to proce eectr- It s rse ro 275 o 3 Malta 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 serce t e Erope o t ct et or se t s boe. 2011 (.e. 256 084 toe), to 413 - Total EU 2 769.2 1 193.9 8 130.6 12 093.6 2 796.1 1 291.9 9 442.8 13 530.7 t e e o e 2014 jst 12 e- s ppes prtcr to ost o o 3 2012 (384 591 toe), ber cotres. e cotres ost See’s see tretet pts t e to 520 o 3 2013 1) Urban and industrial. oe boet e procto (o 11 pts ject boet e (484 230 toe). oet e o 2) Decentralised agricultural plant, municipal solid waste methanisation plant, centralised co-digestion plant. * Estimate. ** The ofﬁcial UK data did not give the production for the “other biogas” category. *** In Italy’s case, the “Other biogas” re Ger (151 pts), Se- to t e r) so to F, ﬁgure also includes thermally-produced biogas. Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 e (53 pts), t e et ers It, Crot r.

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Energy indicators

48 2 3 49 Gross eectrct procto ro bo s te Erope o 2012 2013* (G) Gross e t procto ro bo s te Erope o 2012 2013* (toe) te tr sor to sector** 2012 2013* 2012 2013* Electricity- Total Electricity- Total CHP plants CHP plants only plants electricity only plants electricity Heat only Heat only CHP plant Total CHP plant Total plant plant Germany 5 916.0 21 322.0 27 238.0 8 800.0 20 435.0 29 235.0 Italy 0.3 138.5 138.8 0.3 200.8 201.0 Italy 2 160.6 2 459.3 4 619.9 3 434.9 4 012.8 7 447.7 Germany 33.2 47.8 81.0 45.9 70.5 116.5 United Kingdom 5 249.2 625.0 5 874.2 5 265.7 665.0 5 930.7 Denmark 5.6 29.6 35.2 1.7 31.7 33.4 Czech Republic 55.0 1 412.0 1 467.0 55.0 2 239.0 2 294.0 France 2.4 9.1 11.6 2.4 14.4 16.8 France 755.0 529.7 1 284.7 774.8 731.8 1 506.6 Latvia 0.0 11.0 11.0 0.0 14.2 14.2 Netherlands 68.0 940.0 1 008.0 60.0 906.0 966.0 Sweden 5.4 5.7 11.2 7.2 6.1 13.3 Spain 765.0 101.0 866.0 800.0 108.0 908.0 Czech Republic 0.0 8.7 8.7 0.0 11.6 11.6 Belgium 90.4 573.1 663.5 118.9 654.9 773.8 Finland 6.2 1.6 7.8 7.4 1.9 9.3 Poland 0.0 565.4 565.4 0.0 689.7 689.7 Poland 0.3 4.8 5.1 0.0 9.0 9.0 Austria 592.0 46.0 638.0 574.0 41.0 615.0 Slovenia 0.0 9.3 9.3 0.0 8.8 8.8 Denmark 2.1 371.9 374.0 1.3 387.7 389.0 Austria 1.9 5.2 7.1 1.9 4.4 6.3 Latvia 0.0 223.0 223.0 0.0 287.0 287.0 Estonia 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 5.7 5.7 Portugal 199.0 10.0 209.0 238.0 10.0 248.0 Belgium 0.0 6.6 6.6 0.0 5.2 5.2 Hungary 58.0 153.0 211.0 60.0 169.0 229.0 Netherlands 0.0 4.4 4.4 0.0 3.7 3.7 Greece 40.0 164.3 204.3 39.2 177.2 216.4 Romania 0.9 2.4 3.3 0.9 2.4 3.3 Slovakia 88.0 102.0 190.0 94.0 110.0 204.0 Slovakia 0.0 2.7 2.7 0.0 2.9 2.9 Ireland 174.6 24.5 199.1 157.6 28.6 186.2 Croatia 0.0 2.7 2.7 0.0 2.7 2.7 Slovenia 4.9 148.2 153.1 4.2 136.8 141.0 Lithuania 0.0 1.2 1.2 0.0 2.3 2.3 Finland 57.2 82.3 139.4 82.9 56.3 139.2 Hungary 0.4 0.9 1.3 0.4 0.9 1.3 Croatia 1.5 55.0 56.5 19.3 58.4 77.7 Luxembourg 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.1 1.1 Lithuania 0.0 42.0 42.0 0.0 59.0 59.0 Cyprus 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 Luxembourg 0.0 57.9 57.9 0.0 55.3 55.3 Total EU 56.7 294.4 351.1 68.1 401.2 469.3 Cyprus 0.0 50.0 50.0 0.0 52.0 52.0 * Estimate. ** Heat sold to the district heating network or to or to industrial plants. Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 Estonia 0.0 15.8 15.8 0.0 30.0 30.0 Romania 0.0 19.0 19.0 0.0 25.8 25.8 ccots or 7.2% o Ger’s ter) or proc boet e cotres. I t e et ers, St- Sweden 0.0 20.0 20.0 0.0 20.0 20.0 prr bos eer proc- 2013 s 59.6% e, 16.3% ot er tstcs et ers cs t t t Malta 0.0 2.0 2.0 0.0 3.0 3.0 to. o ost o t ese pts eer crops, 12.3% srr, 7.9% crese b 70.3% betee 2012 Bulgaria 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.5 0.5 operte s re proporto o sceeos orc ste 2013 to rec 35 600 toe, or eer crops. ccor to E , 3.9% rest reses. 11.8% o t e cotr’s prr bo- Total EU 16 276.5 30 114.6 46 391.1 20 580.0 32 149.6 52 729.6 t e breo o ters se oet e procto s so * Estimate. Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 b qtt (toes o “res ” t- cres s rp ot er

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Energy indicators

50 51 e ppcto o t s recte, 4 scssos re crret Cop rso o te crret tre o eectrct bo s eer to o o to stret e ts crter st te E ( to ee be Eer cto s) ( rt recte s bee e ro p (G) o t ese es), cotrbte e eretbe ste to t e sector t t s o e p prt or t e ecrese se o eer crops. I orer to recoer, t e bos sector reqres st ecsos bot t e eroet req- reet ees or bos bo-

et e procto t rer NREAP to GG essos, so t t t e c be ce t e Erope NREAP reebe eer tret cctos. s t e tre eeopet o t e bos sector s esset 2012 2013 2015 2020 potc sse. Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 ccor, t e best esttes or 2020 re t ose ee b ec

jens bach eber Stte t e to reebe eer cto ps 5 s eer procto. I str, se o boet e. S to- oeer t e eeopet pote- ( E s) or t e E o 28, c Cop rso o te crret tre o bo s e t cospto st boet e procto rec e boet e resters ( s- t o t e bos sector o orecst t t t e bos sector te E ( to ee be Eer cto s) ro p (toe) 4 729 toe 2013 (55 G ), ccor- tr, er, Frce, Ger, s t e bce s t e er cotrbte p to 63.9 (eq- to t e ssocto o s Ster t e ), t t st rot procto o t e et to 5 493 toe) o eectrct sppers et etors, c proe boet e r e cotres or rctr procto 4 520 toe o et t e coecto o to e jecto o trcebt r t et to s bee c ee procto, eqt to cobe pts roe procto p to t ro to ts e se (qt, b oese recorse to eer eer cospto o 3 009 toe (35 G ) oer t e rst jecte oe), re coopert crops. e rot ptter s 10 013 toe. e Erope os 4 ot s o t e er. I F, to set p coo strs bee recet c ee b t e ssocto (E ) recos t t t e bos sector s ost pre stret e t e Erope stttor Erope Cosso t t ssts 28 bo 3 o bos (tr s re b trsport. ccor t e reor to set p t s ret. t t bos procto s o be eqet) e to be pro-

Fs bos ssocto, oe- e to roe t e to- prr bse o t e se o b- ce to c ee t e E tr- NREAP t e cospto trsport resters crete t e co- procts orc ste. er- ets, c co eqte to 1.5% crese b 168% 2013 cop- tos or t cceptce orce, crret certtes bot o t e Erope o’s prr NREAP re t e preos er, to 2 820 toe recoto o boet e - ort co Erope esto eer 5% o ts tr (32.8 G ). I Frce, specc rtees o or. o boss sstbt - s cospto. Fee- r or boet e t t e se o eer crops e 2012 2013 2015 2020

jecto s bee troce O C ILL e pct o t e Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 teer sste s soo to be IOGS CO I E bos sector’s rot potet. roe ot, rs epecttos or I O t e ot er , t e cotres o t e ortes o ts e jec- t e E re so er obto to te boet e sector. o et to s reco- ore recoer crcts or t e Oe o t e bos sector’s b- e s eepr process ros tpes o orc ste tos s to or Erope or tret ste recoe- set p sort sstes to co- boet e ret t t o st- r eer t t c rece ect t e, t ro Erope ste te t e procto, ec e eer rece o tr s. retos ( recte 2008/98/EC).

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Energy indicators

52 53

IOFELS

rope o boe er – sct crese (10.5%), t t e oer rop Ecospto or trsport t er corporto rtes, e cospto o t ese to tpes sere otr 2013 pt t ot ers sc s Frce, str o boe. 9.3% er-o-er b ErObser’E , e, ept ste cor- c eqtes to ro 14.5 to porto rtes 2013 t s t OF COS IO 13.2 toe. I e oo t storc pr or or rtos CE IFIE S t pbs e b Erostt, t e boe cospto e t SS ILE Erope o’s sttstcs oce, tot e cospto (oss t e rs t e rst rop o-oss). ot er tr pot ce cospto sce t e str 2011, t e er c boe epso o boe so t b t e IOE OL OIG cospto s te to t e Erope o. LI LE E E peetto o b sstbt crter or ebt or E EOE IO oet o cospto s o t e cso t e ccto o t e SIES SE ES rse e oo t t e breo o 2009/28/EC recte o reebe cospto betee t e ros eeres trets. Certe boe ter ss o t e boe tpes t t e Erope cospto s s t oer cotr cospto tres or o (o t e bss o eer sppe ro 11.6 toe 2012 to cocso s t t t e Erope cotet rt er t oe). Its 11.4 toe 2013 ccor to o o oer s oer- ret s re, be t rect bes ErObser’E . I e ber tre, or rst obserto t petro or coerte to E E t e oer s rp rop cosp- be t t t e ece boe (Et tertr bt et er), rose to, ts s re o tot boe cospto 2013 s esset ro 19.2% 2012 to 20.2% 2013, cospto s t ereore sr o to t e rop cospto e t e boese s re s e 1.1 o ccots or 87% 2013 o se cotr, Sp, c o percete pot, ro 79.6% p ro 80% 2012. st ct ts corporto trets. Ger- 2012 to 78.5% 2013. e ot er o E cotres, c Sp, ’s boe cospto so tpes o boe s res crese F, r, Greece, Cprs ece 2013 to esser etet, b 1.3% esset represete b t ere t e t roes o propte b ts ecso to bos bos e (121.1 toe 2013) se sett p eecte sste or t e st t eeptos ejoe Ger, See F. cert t er boe cosp- b t e boese sector ro 2013 e er-o-er ece boe- to 2013. Soe o t e e ors. I cotrst, ber o t o cospto s c

cotres – t e , See ess (5.0%) t t t o boese www.fabriziogiraldi.com

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Energy indicators

54 55 1 2 oe cospto or trsport te Erope o 2012 (toe) oe cospto or trsport te Erope o 2013* (toe)

Other Total % certified Other Total % certified Bioethanol Biodiesel Biogas fuel Bioethanol Biodiesel Biogas fuel biofuels* consumption sustainable biofuels** consumption sustainable Germany 805 460 2 190 767 30 266 22 093 3 048 587 100% Germany 777 730 1 954 811 34 909 884 2 768 334 100% France 417 014 2 268 977 0 0 2 685 992 100% France 393 541 2 293 324 0 0 2 686 865 100% Spain 201 445 1 899 294 0 0 2 100 739 0% Italy 56 220 1 177 790 0 0 1 234 009 100% Italy 79 597 1 262 972 0 0 1 342 568 100% United Kingdom 410 791 603 755 0 0 1 014 546 100% United Kingdom 388 220 497 349 0 0 885 570 100% Spain 170 249 729 077 0 0 899 327 0% Poland 139 900 644 974 0 0 784 874 100% Poland 145 946 583 552 0 0 729 498 100% Sweden 207 244 330 588 82 230 0 620 063 100% Sweden 181 208 453 071 85 223 0 719 501 100% Austria 68 174 389 670 0 0 457 844 92% Austria 55 259 425 112 0 0 480 372 92% Netherlands 124 463 210 328 0 0 334 790 95% Belgium 48 228 282 620 0 0 330 849 100% Belgium 48 578 281 300 0 0 329 879 100% Netherlands 125 108 194 421 0 0 319 528 96% Portugal 2 833 284 187 0 0 287 020 2% Portugal 4 725 273 582 0 0 278 307 3% Czech Republic 59 965 221 169 0 0 281 134 100% Czech Republic 51 765 221 007 0 0 272 772 100% Denmark 0 223 818 0 0 223 818 100% Finland 69 936 132 920 930 27 538 231 325 0% Finland 94 501 88 994 347 22 853 206 696 0% Denmark 0 223 616 0 0 223 616 100% Romania 36 268 156 287 0 9 989 202 544 88% Romania 36 885 159 413 0 10 059 206 356 89% Greece 0 124 606 0 0 124 606 19% Greece 0 138 746 0 0 138 746 18% Hungary 45 787 76 885 0 0 122 671 100% Slovakia 55 872 79 570 0 0 135 442 76% Slovakia 23 789 76 566 0 688 101 042 94% Hungary 23 723 66 457 0 16 526 106 705 85% Bulgaria 0 85 899 0 0 85 899 0% Bulgaria 0 85 899 0 0 85 899 0% Lithuania 8 707 51 810 0 0 60 517 100% Ireland*** 28 232 44 211 0 0 72 443 100% Ireland 29 184 30 990 0 0 60 174 100% Lithuania 6 769 51 907 0 0 58 675 95% Slovenia 5 290 46 337 0 0 51 627 100% Slovenia 5 589 51 353 0 0 56 942 100% Luxembourg 1 286 45 582 0 163 47 031 100% Luxembourg 647 52 721 0 137 53 504 100% Croatia 0 33 468 0 0 33 468 0% Croatia 0 29 804 0 0 29 804 100% Latvia 6 703 12 514 0 0 19 217 100% Latvia 6 449 12 372 0 0 18 821 100% Cyprus 0 16 136 0 0 16 136 0% Cyprus 0 15 907 0 0 15 907 0% Malta 0 4 419 0 0 4 419 0% Malta 0 4 419 0 0 4 419 0% Estonia 0 0 0 0 0 0% Estonia 0 0 0 0 0 0% Total EU 28 2 794 410 11 555 883 112 843 55 786 14 518 923 80% Total EU 28 2 654 873 10 341 434 121 062 55 143 13 172 512 87% * Vegetable oils used pure and unspecified biofuel. * Estimate. ** Vegetable oils used pure and unspecified biofuel Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 Source: EurObserv’ER 2014

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Energy indicators

56 57 reporte oest cospto o 3 strt o t e er, o 22 r boe copt t t e ss- Cop rso o te crret boe e t cospto tre (toe)* 2014, t e Erope Cosso tbt crter. s boe st te E ( to ee be Eer cto s) ro p pbs e proposs to set p t e s proce ro ste res- reor or ts cte-eer e t t c be cote s ss- poc to t e 2030 tee t t tbe et t s ot sbtte opes t e eottos o t e to t e se certcto proce- peetto o t e Erope re. F’s boe q Bioethanol o’s ort co Eer/C- boss sstbt s Biodiesel te pce. It sests 2030 opte 2013 ce to tret o 27% o reebe eer- Other biofuels orce t t e strt o 2014. Cprs es eer cospto (o s t sr ste. certt b t t e sce o t e Ero- st srros t e eorceet pe o), bt t e Cosso te o Sp’s certcto ot coser t se or ree-

ec s, ose sste NREAP TOTAL t to set specc trsport ot bee set p e ErOb- tret. s c o sbt t ser’E crre ot ts sre Erope o ee s prtc- TOTAL NREAP TOTAL e 2014. r etret to t e eeop- It s o be stresse t t et o ce tpes o boe, procto t t s ot et bee c be tr ce o sbtte to t e certcto 2012 2013 2015 2020 to oo o ro rst-eerto

process st cop t t e * Consumption of certiﬁed sustainable and unsustainable biofuel. boe. s t e s ort- recte’s sstbt crter, Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 e-ter, t er rot pros- bt s ot te to ccot pects epe o t er to- becse t e strte cer- -ee corporto tcto cotro sste s ot GE S FO to bot 8 o t e 10 percete trets. s t sts, t e 2030

www.fabriziogiraldi.com bee set p. pots o t e recte’s tret. Eer/Cte pce s t Sce t e Erope Cosso et t s st ct to e t e t e or o ecooc copro- ece to sbt rt receer cotet o t s percete se t o stte rops. Ec te to t e Erope ret ccrte t ot o t cotr s ree to eep pce t ree eertos o boe o rect se c es to precse proporto be oc- or be t e ost ce ers o, t e ts o project te to obe-cote boe. cotres. Iterto crret oe s q or seos e se or trsport eote to eer tt o ot re o r-oo boe cospto s becoe eets o t e ter-reos proce ro boss. ree tpes o boe crops (o ILC eect). e oer better es er ct. ccor to t e e ErObser’E projecto s cocts t e e-Est re eer stse: re ore eroet-re ters o GG t t ere b ErObser’E , prt bse o t e rt rec- t e ress crss co • Frst-eer to boe (s to be “coeto”) essos becse te recoer te pt o- boe ccote or 4.6% s re te t t s sbject to potc propt t e E to opt ore c ces boeto boese proc- ceose cote te pt ces. e r te- o e cospto Erope reeet t t e Eer procte poc to rece ts tos ro te coerso o oo crops (rpesee, rs re ro str, ree ste (tree ctts, o 2013 ro trsport (ot Coc – t e corporto, rece o rocrbos. so, beets, ceres, etc.). e cteor so ces etc.) or ee st-ro eer pts sc s s- o or obe-cot), et eer cotet, o coeto te procto o eetbe o tt c be se cts. e ebe coo to be proce t e s re s pt t 5.1% 2012. tpes o boe p to 7% 0.5% pre rect b specc ees. ts boeto. to soe o te processes I e te ccot o certe bo- o ce tpes o boe (t s e procto o bos e (eer te or proce boese. e oe, t e s re o rop to ccot or 1% o t e Erope o boete) obte b te erobc esto • r-eer to boe c ces boe 4.0% 2013, c sests t t t tret). I 300 toe o eer process ooe b prcto s soet spe- proce ro e (so o s oe) tt s stbe e copre to 2012. cospto s sse 2020, c cteor becse t c be proce bot ro preset te te o ot copet t oo s re rse ec c boe cospto co rse to eretbe ste eer oo crops. or eer crops (pts orestr). ecoer s e t e re cotres 22.5 toe b 2020. • Seco-eer to boe – sectors tot tro o sector ts proces boese. e peete t er certc- Forecst to t e 2030 tee s to sstes. For 2020, t e s re ee rer s t e certtes eote to boe s o ot re reter. s s becse t t e

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Energy indicators

58 59

EELE S E 1 e procto o prr esttes pbs e oeber eectrct procto qe te b Erope esto, pr- rr eer procto ro reebe cp ste te reebe eer recoere 2014 t e eebe c- s reebe ro t ese pts r t ro t e trsposto o Erope o 2012 2013* (toe) b ose o rese cer- p ste broeter (see . crese o b 0.6%, t tot t e reor recte o ste to pts t e cotres o erobser-er.or). et ses to o 18.7 2013. (2008/98/EC) t t ecores ope- 2012 2013* t e Erope o crese etor s sre 2013, cre- rtors to opt e t e eer e- Germany 2 595.6 2 926.6 b 3.6% betee 2012 2013 s b 9.3% oer t e 2012 ee to e crese t e ber o cec o t er pts, prr b to rec ost 9 o toes rec 2.3 toe, reect better et otets eostrtes t e oo or e otets or et France 1 252.9 1 173.1 o eqet (toe). s rest, ser betee t e certo crese eer ecec o t e procto. e recte stp- Netherlands 849.7 855.3 ErObser’E crese ts rst pts et etor s. e certo pts t t s sttes t t t e certors c Italy 806.8 827.6 o be csse s ste-to-eer Sweden 769.5 820.2 recoer ts t e eet - United Kingdom 691.0 683.7 e crter, c t e Denmark 490.1 494.0 cse o pt costrcte sce 31 eceber 2008 st be t est Belgium 333.1 294.8 eq to 65%. e eer ecec Finland 193.0 222.0 o t ose costrcte pror to 2008 Spain 175.7 157.2 st be t est 60%. Austria 143.7 129.9 Portugal 86.0 96.7 ES FO O E CO IES Czech Rep. 83.7 82.9 Ireland 44.4 48.7 E ECOE ES Hungary 45.0 40.7 E GO I Poland 32.5 35.6 E EEL S Bulgaria 20.8 21.0 e et ers, c proces Slovakia 18.6 19.4 51 toe o reebe eer per Luxembourg 17.1 17.0 t os btts, s oe o t e ost cte E pers Lithuania 0.0 11.0 prs eer recoer ro Slovenia 7.5 7.4 ose o ste b certo. Malta 0.7 1.0 Sttstcs et ers cs Total EU 28 8 657.4 8 965.9 * Estimate. Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 jean-romain pac – tiru

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Energy indicators

60 61 2 3 Gross eectrct procto ro reebe cp ste te Erope o 2012 2013* (G) Gross et procto ro reebe cp ste te Erope o 2012 2013* te trsorto sector** (toe) 2012 2013* 2012 2013* Electricity- Electricity- CHP plant Total CHP plant Total only plants only plants Heat only CHP Total Heat only CHP Total Germany 3 118.0 1 832.0 4 950.0 3 273.0 2 141.0 5 414.0 Germany 270.1 367.4 637.5 288.2 431.5 719.7 Italy 1 201.5 961.6 2 163.2 1 229.4 976.5 2 205.9 Sweden 48.6 460.7 509.2 46.0 492.6 538.6 Netherlands 0.0 2 235.0 2 235.0 0.0 2 133.0 2 133.0 Denmark 27.8 283.8 311.5 32.3 281.5 313.7 United Kingdom 1 474.1 559.4 2 033.5 1 169.4 817.9 1 987.3 Netherlands 0.0 182.5 182.5 0.0 215.8 215.8 France 1 283.4 751.6 2 035.0 1 145.9 681.4 1 827.3 France 57.0 85.7 142.7 57.0 91.4 148.5 Sweden 0.0 1 662.0 1 662.0 0.0 1 702.0 1 702.0 Finland 10.3 72.2 82.5 5.9 92.8 98.7 Denmark 0.0 892.1 892.1 0.0 874.0 874.0 Italy 0.0 71.0 71.0 0.0 83.3 83.3 Belgium 537.9 167.2 705.1 249.6 406.8 656.4 Austria 13.9 35.3 49.2 14.4 29.4 43.8 Spain 715.0 0.0 715.0 0.0 595.0 595.0 Czech Republic 0.0 35.9 35.9 0.0 35.5 35.5 Finland 63.5 270.4 333.8 58.1 337.4 395.5 United Kingdom 23.7 0.0 23.7 30.6 0.0 30.6 Portugal 245.0 0.0 245.0 0.0 286.0 286.0 Belgium 3.3 15.5 18.8 3.3 20.0 23.4 Austria 149.0 91.0 240.0 160.0 47.0 207.0 Hungaria 0.0 7.4 7.4 0.0 7.4 7.4 Hungary 30.0 81.0 111.0 0.0 115.0 115.0 Lithuania 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.5 5.5 Czech Republic 0.0 87.0 87.0 0.0 84.0 84.0 Slovenia 0.0 1.9 1.9 0.0 2.5 2.5 Ireland 61.2 0.0 61.2 0.0 68.9 68.9 Slovakia 1.1 0.0 1.1 0.0 1.1 1.1 Luxembourg 36.0 0.0 36.0 0.0 36.0 36.0 Malta 0.6 0.0 0.6 1.0 0.0 1.0 Slovakia 0.0 27.0 27.0 0.0 29.0 29.0 Lithuania 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.0 19.0 Total EU 456.5 1 619.0 2 075.5 478.8 1 790.5 2 269.2 Malta 0.0 9.0 9.0 0.0 9.0 9.0 * Estimate. ** Heat sold to heating networks. Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 Poland 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.3 8.3 Slovenia 0.0 6.1 6.1 0.0 7.4 7.4 Bulgaria 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Total EU 8 914.6 9 632.3 18 547.0 7 285.4 11 374.5 18 659.9 * Estimate. Source: EurObserv’ER 2014

t t prr eer procto ts tr-oer certo eer bot to str ( t e rec e 855.3 toe 2013, c pts t t ere prpose-es- or o ste) strct e- s rete stbe (0.7% ore) e or eer recoer, ere t etor s ( ot ter proc- copre to ts 2012 procto. oer-esoe, c s to). s et ses crese o t Ger, t e et er- propte t e cotr to pe- b 18.3% betee 2012 2013 s ct ports ste. So et ste port sorce to 215.8 toe, re 2012 (2013 res be), t ro t e , c crret crese b 15.6% betee 2001 bot 14% o t e ste trete oes ot e eo tretet 2012. s eeopet t t e cotr’s ste-to-eer cpct. e tre obsere reebe eectrct procto, pts s porte, ost s sct crese et c roppe b 4.6% betee o t t (ro 700 000 toes) procto t t Sttstcs et er- 2012 2013. ce ro t e . e ep- s pts o to t e cos-

to or t s port poc s t t so o e coectos t t e.on

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Energy indicators

62 63 OIGI GO FO re to e, t e e to E SLES I GE strt est ste-to-eer eebe eer procto recoer t e seco o t s rot t ro ste-to-eer ece pprecb ore ro recoer ree ste 2017 ors. s s o e Ger. rer GEE-Stt t e sector e pets oer t e esttes sest t t prr e ter. eer procto eceee Loo t prospects, CEE 2.9 toe, c represets esttes t t t e eer cotr- 12.8% er-o-er crese. et bto o ste to t e reebe ses to etor s ere t e eer recte trets co beecr o t s rot , c restc rec 67 b rose to to-ts (12.9%) 2013 2020 strbte respecte oer t e preos er. s trs- betee 25 o eectrct tes to procto o 719.7 toe, 42 (3.6 toe) o et. e eectrct procto so e 2020 potet s ssesse t crese b 9.4% (.e. 5.4 ) 98 spt betee 37 o oer t e se pero. e eects eectrct 61 (5.3 toe) o t e e Ger resrts- o et. e Coeerto pots c tseset – rG ste - ot t t t e tot cotrbto o eet recc co cp ste, reebe be resposbe. e stp- ot erse, o obe t ose tes t t eer recoer st res, e 134 b 2020, be te t t res o o or potet o 196 . t est 11 000 / , o ErObser’E rec os t t t s potet oer ee better tret o reqre 1.2-toe opto or eroet protec- crese eer cosp- to s o. to ( et eectrct) b 2020, .e. e crese o 3.4% E S O E p to t t te e. e projecto FO LOS IE s eep t t e sector’s I t e et to to t ree ers, t e oet ts crret rot s o e p or prt o ts prospects. ste eer recoer s ort. ccor to Ecopro, Ger cost r spec eroet r ets, bot 20 ste-to-eer certo pts s o be cossoe

b 2017 oer 4.6 o toes vincent-rustuel-caux-estuaire o tretet cpct per . s copres to t e cotr’s t . e t ee o See, c e srps 2013 (1.1% er-o-er) to recoer s ejo restre crret tretet cpct o “cte” ste (t e b o - tretet cpctes. I 2012, 683.7 toe, pe t e costrc- rot . oet eess, pressre 3.28 o toes b ts 24 c- cp ste) crese ro £ 72 es E eporte to o e pts. ro Erope s r trc erto pts. ese soe t (€ 91) per toe to £ 80 (€ 101) o bot 900 000 toes o ste. t ro spr o estte ecsos ee to be pt to 1 pr 2013. o o p t s ccor to t e ECC ( eprt- CCELEIO L E et ecsos, prr perspecte t rts es- t oc t ortes copet o Eer & Cte C e) FO O S Ester Erope ost o c s to t bc to 1996 t t es preer eport t er ste prr eer procto ro For t e te be, prr eer c b cs. It sts crese t e p to t e et ers, Ger reebe ste ece s t procto ro ste-to-eer to reso t t t ese cotres

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Energy indicators

64 65

SOLI IOSS

o boss ces t e Sso orc copoets to be se s et- eectr- ct-proc es ... oo, oo ste, oo peets, bc qors, bsse, ste ot er pt tter reses. Eer er t e Erope o creses ts so boss cospto to proce eectrct et. ccor to t t ere b ErObser’E, 2013 t e Erope o’s prr eer cospto stoo t bot 91.8 toe, c s 3.6% crese o 2012. Grot s bee ost terrpte sce t e be o t e e (53.1 toe), prt ro t e s rp rop recore 2011 s rest o t e ecepto ter cross t e Erope o. ost

o t e so boss cose iqrsolutions s bee proce o Erope so. E prr eer proc- E EOE IO str ctt o trct recoer ro boss. e to s pt t 88.4 toe, c s IS FLL OF CO SS ert ers becse o t e rop o t It sper ee 2.8% rse. e eret, t t boss eectrct procto. t e epso Erope o s e p b et ports s e so boss cospto O t e ot er , ts cosp- boss eectrct procto tee to crese t e st tre s rt er ptc cross to s rs s rp cotres 2013, e p or t e rop e ers, s rest o t e Erope o eber t t proote oo-e et Ses , os tc proc- rs oo peet ports ro Sttes. s er t ece sc s Frce cotres

fliegl agrartechnik t e te Sttes C. See, becse o oer orestr e t e t t ecore eec-

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Energy indicators

66 67 1 2 rr eer procto ross cospto ro so boss te E 2012 2013* (toe) Gross eectrct procto ro so boss te Erope o 2012 2013* ()

2012 2013* 2012 2013*

Electricity- CHP Total Electricity- CHP Total Production Consumption Production Consumption only plants plants electricity only plants plants electricity Germany 10.931 10.931 10.902 10.902 Germany 5.288 6.803 12.091 5.199 6.444 11.643 France** 9.779 9.779 10.842 10.842 Finland 1.220 9.485 10.706 1.490 9.968 11.457 Sweden 9.563 9.563 9.211 9.211 United Kingdom 7.008 0.000 7.008 10.577 0.000 10.577 Italy 7.249 8.387 7.448 8.848 Sweden 0.000 10.507 10.507 0.000 9.609 9.609 Finland 7.937 7.963 8.117 8.146 Poland 0.000 9.529 9.529 0.000 7.924 7.924 Poland 6.988 6.988 6.834 6.834 Spain 1.587 1.809 3.396 1.703 2.086 3.789 Spain 4.964 4.964 5.443 5.443 Austria 1.365 2.400 3.765 1.124 2.635 3.759 Austria 4.806 5.021 4.749 4.971 Italy 1.558 1.024 2.582 2.142 1.537 3.679 Romania 3.795 3.655 4.233 4.233 Belgium 2.609 1.076 3.684 2.218 1.136 3.354 United Kingdom 1.849 2.512 2.153 3.319 Denmark 0.000 3.176 3.176 0.000 3.072 3.072 Denmark 1.478 2.465 1.503 2.492 Netherlands 2.383 1.577 3.960 1.699 1.230 2.929 Portugal 2.342 2.342 2.347 2.347 Portugal 0.786 1.710 2.496 0.736 1.780 2.516 Czech Republic 2.153 2.057 2.293 2.173 Czech Republic 0.468 1.348 1.816 0.015 1.668 1.683 Belgium 1.413 1.993 1.408 2.036 France** 0.039 1.586 1.625 0.069 1.529 1.599 Hungary 1.385 1.330 1.454 1.407 Hungary 1.218 0.115 1.333 1.377 0.093 1.470 Bulgaria 1.109 1.019 1.300 1.334 Slovakia 0.008 0.716 0.724 0.000 0.722 0.722 Latvia 1.870 1.255 1.750 1.270 Estonia 0.374 0.611 0.985 0.030 0.615 0.645 Netherlands 1.112 1.350 1.118 1.125 Lithuania 0.000 0.176 0.176 0.000 0.279 0.279 Lithuania 0.992 1.003 1.041 1.026 Romania 0.053 0.140 0.193 0.000 0.263 0.263 Greece 1.000 1.136 0.847 0.928 Ireland 0.164 0.020 0.184 0.215 0.014 0.229 Slovakia 0.801 0.786 0.818 0.813 Latvia 0.006 0.059 0.065 0.007 0.208 0.215 Estonia 1.012 0.814 1.067 0.793 Slovenia 0.000 0.114 0.114 0.000 0.119 0.119 Slovenia 0.560 0.560 0.583 0.583 Bulgaria 0.000 0.065 0.065 0.000 0.065 0.065 Croatia 0.694 0.497 0.704 0.472 Croatia 0.000 0.037 0.037 0.000 0.048 0.048 Ireland 0.196 0.213 0.195 0.230 Luxembourg 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.002 Luxembourg 0.047 0.043 0.055 0.049 Total EU 28 26.135 54.084 80.218 28.601 53.045 81.646 Cyprus 0.005 0.009 0.005 0.009 * Estimate. ** Overseas departments not included. Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 Malta 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 Total EU 86.031 88.634 88.423 91.839 * Estimate. ** Overseas departments not included. Source: EurObserv’ER 2014

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Energy indicators

68 69 to. t t e e o t e , Ero- ose o cospto, e to r, ort or s re. seco 3 pe o boss eectrct s t crese et req- 630-e boss pt et o et cospto* ro so boss te cotres o te Erope o 2012 2013** (toe) procto crese b 1.8% reets cse b t e oer stre 2014, c s o 2013 to 81.6 or bot 1.5 ter, t e cosso o e sct boost boss of which of which 2012 2013 ore t 2012. coeerto pts 2013 t e eectrct procto oer t e district heating district heating Grot so boss et s b-p o t e I (o-oestc) er. For t e te be t e ’s France** 9.087 0.434 10.186 0.530 s t er t e Erope cete sste. e eebe poc s to coert est co- o (3.8% p o 2012) re- Eer ssocto cs t t re pts t t e to r Germany 7.862 0.555 8.022 0.534 c e 73.2 toe (2.7 toe ore t t s sste s re ce s coeerto pts so t Sweden 7.921 2.430 7.626 2.353 2012), t s t crese 4 926 oo-re boers e boss pt costrcto to so boss ses to et bro t cpct to te ecess 400 e. Italy 7.196 0.345 7.383 0.517 etor s b 5.5%. o oe tt (t e tt Finland 6.347 1.619 6.412 1.688 r s psse st 2014). F CE SE OE OO Poland 4.915 0.450 5.111 0.372 E E IOI Oer t e corse o 2013, tot so EI G I O CO EI G COLFIE boss et cospto t s rr so boss procto, Austria 4.003 0.814 4.139 0.834 OE L S crese b 20.8%, to 1.1 toe ost etre ccote or b Spain 3.850 0.000 4.054 0.000 ccor to t e ECC ( eprt- (0.9 toe 2012). t e oo-eer sector (97% o Romania 3.658 0.047 3.874 0.117 et o Eer Cte C e), I 2013, t e crese so bo- t e tot), crese b cer t s oo t t e t e est ss eectrct procto ots- 10.9% 2013 oer t e preos Denmark 2.021 0.956 2.063 1.007 cotrbto to t e crese trppe t t o 2012 (b 50.9%), tee ot s. e o reso Portugal 1.802 0.000 1.829 0.000 reebe et cospto t s to t e coerso strt- or t s s crese et Czech Republic 1.642 0.070 1.794 0.119 2013. e reso proere b p e o t e rst o t e ’s t e oeret s t e crese best poer pts to boss, Bulgaria 1.003 0.005 1.342 0.030 Belgium 1.183 0.008 1.311 0.024 Latvia 1.166 0.110 1.141 0.154 United Kingdom 0.923 0.033 1.115 0.009 Hungary 0.977 0.059 1.015 0.072 Lithuania 0.918 0.240 0.958 0.268 Greece 1.133 0.000 0.922 0.000 Estonia 0.657 0.179 0.663 0.191 Slovenia 0.537 0.020 0.556 0.020 Slovakia 0.493 0.173 0.496 0.174 Netherlands 0.459 0.043 0.460 0.040 Croatia 0.466 0.002 0.441 0.006 Ireland 0.175 0.000 0.181 0.000 Luxembourg 0.042 0.002 0.048 0.003 Cyprus 0.007 0.000 0.007 0.000 Malta 0.001 0.000 0.001 0.000 Total EU 70.443 8.593 73.152 9.063 * End-user consumption (either heat sold by the district heating network or self-consumed, either as fuels for the production of heat and cold). ** Estimate. *** Overseas departments not included. Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 fliegl agrartechnik

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Energy indicators

70 71 reqreets. e Frec Obser- oo-eer cospto s rt o Ger’s e reebe procto o 156.2 , t e t e copetteess s e to Sttstcs rectorte erestte It. eer (EEG), ose e oo s oo cres b boss eectrct oer t e (SOeS) eps t t boss et O t e bss o t ese s tret or boss sectors obt e t e crret s- pst e ers. reqreets crese t ro t e It str o Ecooc t e toet er (c bo- pcos ecooc eer s or et procto, t e st- t e cobe eect o coer t eeopet o pts ose- s pts) s bee te cotet or boss eectrct. to s c ore teos, ere ter tepertres o cospto o oo, oo to 100 . s tret Oe o t e crbs s t e er s oo, ooc p, os t e cot rse t e ber peets c rco or et s c oer t t ose set copette prce o t e per toe oo peets re er cope- o oo-re et ppces t 6.6 toe 2012 2013, s or -bse poer co prce o t e ob r et, tte prce coprso to ste booste b t e t cret oppose to t e preos est- (2 400-2 600 ) sor poer c c be scrbe to sse et o, tr s eec- ec s. I 2013, 524 000 stoes te o 3.6 toe or 2012. I t e (2 400-2 600 ), becse o oer s e s o cospto trct. s s o ecore ere so, copre to 489 000 ot er ses o so boss re procto costs. e s t e te Sttes. ot er ctor cres bers o ose os 2012 467 000 2011. oo- ctore , It so boss soe ore e tsts to t… s s t t t e Erope Cot to rte to boss et. eer cospto so bee- cospto s o st t ro 1 st 2014, o s s- CO2 esso qot ec e et cospto s o so tte ro spport ec ss bot 8.8 toe 2013, s ttos, t ste cpct sste s o oer p ts beet ro soe cotres’ sc s t e ee et (reo- 5.5% crese, beette o ≤500 re ebe or Fee-I roe becse t e prce o es- cer stte potc cot- spport ec ss cs ro sct 42.5% crese rs ro 1 r 2016, so perts s o etree et to ecore t e eeop- or CI [boss et str eectrct procto, to rec t e ebt t res o rop o. Erope’s e rot t t et o et etor s. rctre tertr] projects). 3.7 2013 (copre to to <100- sttos. reces bsesses’ e or 2.6 2012). qots s oce t e reso IL S SOLI IOSS GES FO or t s prce rop. oss eec- CO SIO GE S E trct pts re so cope- ESE EEG L OES FE e recet pbcto o t e tto t t e ot er reebe e IS (to Isttte FOS FO IOSS or ocet o t e Stte eectrct procto sectors or Sttstcs) sre pbs e ELECICI o p o t e sstbt o t t e re otstrppe o 15 eceber 2014, eoqet Eectrct procto t ro so seos boss se eostrte t t oestc boss pts s o oer pro- or eectrct, et coo- t e E rece t e Ero- 5 pe trets set t e to Coprso o te crret so boss eectrct procto tre 4 eebe Eer cto s () st te E ( to eebe Eer cto s) Coprso o te crret so boss et cospto tre (Es). ccor to t e rops (toe) st te E ( to eebe Eer cto ) Es esttes, boss sp- . . rops p s projecte to crese b . er 37% to 132 toe b 2020. e sr o t e 28 ps . . ctes t t b t t te e . . . . . . t e eber Sttes te to . e crese t er ob - to o oo-eer b rt er 95 o 3 copre to 2006. NREAP s bre s o to 83 - 3

o rect sppe b oo NREAP

NREAP (os) 12 o 3 b oo NREAP str rese (ooc ps, sst). s sce s sr to t e eqet o t e tot oo 2012 2013 2015 2020 ob e F See 2012 2013 2015 2020 or eer ses 2010. This data includes an estimate of renewable heat from municipal waste incineration This data includes an estimate of renewable electricity from waste incineration plants.. plants. Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 s or eectrct procto c e- Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 t e 2020 E trets, .e.

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Energy indicators

72 73

COCE E SOL OE L S

o er receptor ( tbe cot- t Sp oe ccot or Este, t e Erope Sor er et trser ). 99.7% o t t ot. Eectrct ssocto. e eps Oe o t e prtcr tes t t t e e ecte b t e o cocetrte sor poer s O OE OEC I SI Sps oeret rc t t t psses t ro et For t e te be, Sp s t e c e t e pet sste or procto ste pror to be o Erope cotr to e t e est CS pts. e F coerte to eectrct, c eeope coerc coce- r et prce ps pre es t c be cobe t trte sor poer eert sec- sstes e eecte bee bo- ot er reebe eeres sc tor, bt ortte sce 2014, s e retrocte repce s boss ste, t s o ot er project er b s to be octe bse o so t coeto sorces costrcto or t ce t e pt’s ste cpct to sc s tr s co. ste o eeopet. Sp’s copeste or estet-re- e ot er te s t t t e st see sc ee pts, ( erte c ot. Ls Crespo eer c be store s et s oso 1, eroso 2, Sobe 1, pots ot t t t e oeret ros processes sc s ote Csbc, Eerstr, Sobe 6 ccte t s copesto sts – ece t e pts c ope- rees) 50 ec rect to rre t t eoretc rte otse o ss e peros ere copete cosso- 7.4% retr o project estet. r pe cospto e 2013. e t e tot s- e cete be bo to peros t t e e o t e . te Sps CS cpct to pt opert pero. te to 2 303.9 . For ts prt e esto s e to be . I E t e I E (Isttte or ersc- pbs e et. e obts EOE IO to S o Eer) ce t t t ere pt oper- 2 250 (et cpct) 2013, to. oeer ber o es- e Erope cocetrte sor copre to 2 000 2012, tors e ct rep

torresol energy investments pt r et s set to r te c es t t t e cpct o t er b os, becse t e e, 2014 oo t e costrcto o oe o t e boe pts s ot et ess eeros sste s e to ocetrte sor poer c cces or to spp s- e or tec ooes re t e st 350 o CS cpct bee ce t e oc t. eer t e c pc e Ccoers t e tec ooes tr processes t t reqre toer pts s -Str Sp 2013. It be ers beore t s re o soe CS pts. e be resse to trsor t e tepertre ees (p to 250°C). ees, cocetrt t e r- e spot t s stc e to It oes p, ccor to Ls sbject to eottos t t e eer rte b t e s to Cocetrte sor poer sstes to o e spot, prbo- c co re-c t e Erope Crespo, t e Secretr Geer b s t t e rest t t soe er tepertre et. s peet optc cocetrto c tro coectors Copct r et t cope o ers. t o roterosor, t e Sps pts c e s. t er eer c be se to eces t t coert t e s’s Ler Frese eector (CLF) tec - t e e o 2013, Erope ste cocetrte sor poer str proce eectrct, b t ero- rect rto. oo cocetrt t e rto CS cpct stoo t 2 311.5 , ssocto, C r o

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Energy indicators

74 75 1 Cocetrte sor poer pts ser ce t te e o 2013 ()

Project Technology Capacity Date commissioned Project Technology Capacity Date commissioned

Spain Helios 1 Parabolic trough 50 2012 Planta Solar 10 Central receiver 10 2006 Moron Parabolic trough 50 2012 Andasol-1 Parabolic trough 50 2008 Solaben 3 Parabolic trough 50 2012 Planta Solar 20 Central receiver 20 2009 Guzman Parabolic trough 50 2012 Ibersol Ciudad Real (Puertollano) Parabolic trough 50 2009 La Africana Parabolic trough 50 2012 Puerto Errado 1 (prototype) Linear Fresnel 1.4 2009 Olivenza 1 Parabolic trough 50 2012 Alvarado I La Risca Parabolic trough 50 2009 Helios 2 Parabolic trough 50 2012 Andasol-2 Parabolic trough 50 2009 Orellana Parabolic trough 50 2012 Extresol-1 Parabolic trough 50 2009 Extresol-3 Parabolic trough 50 2012 Extresol-2 Parabolic trough 50 2010 Solaben 2 Parabolic trough 50 2012 Solnova 1 Parabolic trough 50 2010 Termosolar Borges Parabolic trough + HB* 22.5 2012 Solnova 3 Parabolic trough 50 2010 Termosol 1 Parabolic trough 50 2013 Solnova 4 Parabolic trough 50 2010 Termosol 2 Parabolic trough 50 2013 La Florida Parabolic trough 50 2010 Solaben 1 Parabolic trough 50 2013 Majadas Parabolic trough 50 2010 Casablanca Parabolic trough 50 2013 La Dehesa Parabolic trough 50 2010 Enerstar Parabolic trough 50 2013 Palma del Río II Parabolic trough 50 2010 Solaben 6 Parabolic trough 50 2013 Manchasol 1 Parabolic trough 50 2010 Arenales Parabolic trough 50 2013 Manchasol 2 Parabolic trough 50 2011 Total Spain 2 303.9 Gemasolar Central receiver 20 2011 Italy Palma del Río I Parabolic trough 50 2011 Archimede (prototype) Parabolic trough 5 2010 Lebrija 1 Parabolic trough 50 2011 Archimede-Chiyoda Molten Salt Test Loop Parabolic trough 0.35 2013 Andasol-3 Parabolic trough 50 2011 Total Italy 5.35 Helioenergy 1 Parabolic trough 50 2011 Germany Astexol II Parabolic trough 50 2011 Jülich Central receiver 1.5 2010 Arcosol-50 Parabolic trough 50 2011 Total Germany 1.5 Termesol-50 Parabolic trough 50 2011 France Aste 1A Parabolic trough 50 2012 La Seyne-sur-Mer (prototype) Linear Fresnel 0.5 2010 Aste 1B Parabolic trough 50 2012 Augustin Fresnel 1 (prototype) Linear Fresnel 0.25 2011 Helioenergy 2 Parabolic trough 50 2012 Total France 0.75 Puerto Errado II Linear Fresnel 30 2012 Total EU 2 311.5 Solacor 1 Parabolic trough 50 2012 * HB: Hybrid Biomass. Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 Solacor 2 Parabolic trough 50 2012 Co t es oere

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Energy indicators

76 77 e CS pts re o prt t e ot o eectrct to or Sor er Eer), IC EC OLOGIES potc c e s oce to prore Sp t t e prce o t e Sps eectrct ro o-sor sorces req- rec os t t 392 o projects ILL EOE E t t e et to to t ree ers, er est, c s ot et o t e ccor to t e I E re to terte t e sor prore o t eeopet ste, SOCSI G I t e sector e ct ps- e. I t e ter, to test t er eerte 4 395 G 2013 cto. e F or re pts or stes Sr s t e 3 500 r 2020. tec oo, Erope ct- (3 775 G 2012). Fro 2014 (>2 500 2) s € 0.32/ ere t e Sc. t est e Frese tec o- cotres o cotets Frt erore t s scero pres- rers e to re cres ors, procto s o rse sor rcto s oer 85%, € 0.30/ o projects co be o stre re er tereste cocetr- es t e retr to e st- o terto prores. to ro 5 s t e st see ro 50 to 85%, € 0.27€/ b 2015, c Cope, ero- te sor poer eer stor pts e coe o stre. ere s t ess t 50%. oto 2, coe, ort os tec oo possbtes. e e e Fee- r be p or Strobo Sor, ste t re epresse t er terest 2 E SOLIG S 25 ers rop b 5% ro 2016 rp Sc. Lrer-sce b costrct t e rst coer- CSP plant capacity trend in the European Union () SICE O IL ors b rt er 5% ro prboc tro toer pt c-s e pts o t er terrtor. e creto o It 2017 ors. e Fee- rs projects be p r oeer eeopet o er . cocetrte sor poer sector or s pts (<2 500 2) opt 2016 2017 c F re-sce, s eperece b t coerc operto t e se sor rcto res (50 , sor- eco- t e eer sectors . pts s r p o t t re € 0.36/ , € 0.32/ pt , Sr) Goos s et to coece. e sector t e trocto o cete € 0.30/ respecte – Gsp (50 , Goos- s st coerc t reor s ebe pp t e se s sce res. , Sr), r Sor t e ros sor t er pro- projects to t e o t e ro. ts t ore t 10 000 2 o (50 , rp, Sc). ccor cesses. e tec ooes re st . e Fee- r sste pce receers be reqre to e to ES , tot ste coce- copet t oe ot er sce 31 eceber 2012, oes eer store sste. trte sor poer cpct co t s er r to prect c . b b tot receer srce oo s, t e Secretr Gee- be 600 b 2020 It. tec oo coe ot o top, (ro t e 2 500 2 t res o) r o ES (t e It ssoc- espec s t e sector ees . c spport t ro t e . . peetto o btos s- tto cpct reserc eeopet prores. 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2 12 2013

e stto o e pts Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 t e Erope o r et s o prer ste ebe t e Erope pers to eostrte t er cpct to eport t er 3 tec oo to secre t er s re Coprso o te crret tre st te E t e ob r et’s rot . ( to eebe Eer cto s) rop () s s ere t e E rop . or cocetrte sor poer es perect sese s t orecsts t t ste cpct t e Erope o b t e 2020 tee st t 6 765 . . (4 800 Sp, 600 It, 540 Frce, 500 ort- . . . , 250 Greece 75 NREAP Cprs), eqt to 20 o procto. NREAP o t e ecooc potc eroet s cst obt o t s rop. ost o t e 2012 2013 2015 2020 cotres t t set objectes re Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 cnim o tret, o sct

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Energy indicators

78 79

OCE EEG

to set p oce eer or to or ress re crrets Corporto oce t ee t e reor or spport es. ost o t e projects re t secre ce or t e rst 6 t e sector t e tre. e or t e pre-coerc ste re c s o be copete 2016. s prr bse o t e rests se to eostrte t e reb- pert s so bee re obte t ro t e Erope SI t srbt o t e eces to t e 40- qre oer OCE prore (Strtec It- be teste. e poer r, to be ste te or Oce Eer), copete ort est o t e Scotts costs e 2014, o t e Oce Oce t er eer, c o Les. Lst, rc 2014, t e ( ec oo Ioto tor epots t e tepertre e- oeret e t e o- e or or Oce Eer) tec oo pt- rece betee ter t eret t e or’s rst t oo project or. It s to ee t e sector’s ept s, so s sct pote- (240 ) Sse , Sot reqreets t ro to 2020. t, torr oes. Oso- es. Costrcto co c o rop s o be proce tc eer tec ooes re o 2015 t coecto to t e r 2016 t t s o rest pote- t ro b ptc s pre-s- b 2018. t Erope str tte tr reserc s e to sts- Frce so s ret potet t bt et reserc s st rbors btos. e s rers , t e seco c or be prse. c or EoI “tec oo b proposs or Erope st e- boc s eostrtors” s re oers E 300 re t ree e te o, boe b b ros re eeres t t re eer projects tot o stro potc spport er cose o 31 October 2013, ebe 104.5 o eros. E 400 pro- epotbe potet, s s projects to be seecte or re s o s ort be c e. sct e t 9 o s- estet tot o 93.5 o te cpct. o ts e eros. ee c e c or e Frec 240- t poer crret pts re t t e Ero- EOI t t e e o Septeber 2013 pt t ce (Ie-et-e), pe re Eer Cetre (EEC) or st pot erter tr-

dcns copete 1966, proces ost o Scot. Seer jor projects be rs t t e Froer sse Erope’s re poer. It s t e o e bee pproe. e Scotts c r t t cose o t e crret ob re ooes re bse Erope. e E FE pt o ts o t e cotet. oeret sse costrcto 16 t ttrcte e te- Ieeres r et Erope s ttc coste oers t e best IS I G SE e tec oo s proe bt t e pert or t e rst 86- trc e rest eb e t ppctos to stro posto s t es t e possbtes, bt t e eterr- opporttes or eeop sr o t e ort co 398- ee be e. e eo oce t er- estets ste e Se, t e tc Se bss I r 2014, t e Erope sstes re restrcte b cost t eer pt t e etree eer project (16-) c cpct, rt erore ost o t e t e E’s oterost reos Cosso pbs e cto eroet cceptce sses. ort o Scot. e project be- copes eeop t ese tec - so oer ret potet. p or be eer t t proposes ere re coserbe resorces rer, str’s tts esorces

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Energy indicators

80 81 s o be ste rtqe e to test stes, IE (sc ttrcts coserbe coer- 1 t t e et or ers s re Eer tor) c terest s bore ot b t e Lst o Erope o pts ress oce eer t te e o 2013 () seecte s prt o t e seco E LOC (Ocec tor o t e oeet o jor c- 300 c or projects or tot o Cr Iss), re o p tr cocers (sto, CS, United Kingdom 72.1 o eros. r cotrbt 20 ot ro rt ro), Limpet 0.5 MW 2000 Connected ort s oe o t e ost pro- 15 respecte to t e r. ot SEs (Sbe) Open Center Turbine 0.25 MW 2006 Connected s cotres or e eer. eectrct copes (E F, G F oeer t e ortese oer- I t e ort o Erope, t e - Se , tte, Iberro, For- SeaGen 1.2 MW 2008 Connected et bos e t e F or e erst o pps, See, s t, etc.). re eer s t e Pulse Stream 100 0.1 MW 2009 Connected projects 2013. oet eess t e costrcte t stre eer- potet to crete e -q- Oyster 2 0.8 MW 2009 Connected Se e eer r (5.6 ) tor test ste t Söerors, e t jobs project eeopet, EON Pelamis P2 0.75 MW 2010 Being tested s seecte s prt o t e seco er, c s to to t e copoet ctr Scottish Power Pelamis P2 0.75 MW 2011 Being tested E 300 c or projects or tot e eer coerter ste r opertos eet. Oer t e o 9.1 o eros. sce 2006. er , c s to pst see ers t e prte sector Atlantis Resources Corporation AR1000 1 MW 2010 Being tested Ire, c so s sct test stes – ss re s pore ore t 600 o e eer potet, s r EC – s jor st e oer eros to t. Andritz Hydro Hammerfest 1 MW 2011 Being tested p reebe eeres eeopet EC tec oo. I or, t e jor cotrbto co be Scotrenewables Tidal Power 0.25 MW 2011 Being tested p (OE ), pro 26 o to tt Stt rt c e tors Erope ecrbo- Voith Hydro 1 MW 2012 Being installed eros o betee 2013 ste s pot pt to sto trets b tes t e Wello 0.6 MW 2012 Being tested 2016 to eeop test stes, 19 o ress osotc eer 2009 t epoet o re eer. Neptune 0.5 MW 2011 Connected eros to boost , t e cre- ote, sot o Oso, t re t e 2050, 100 G co be ste. to o Fee- r o 260 E/ toe t t e strt o 2014 becse ese tec ooes ee to pro- DeepGen Alstom 1 MW 2013 Connected to spport t e eeopet o o t e sce o tec c brrers t ce stsctor cost-eecte- Seatricity Oceanus n. a. 2012 Being tested 30 . e este eperet s c. ess. oeer, o o ro t e Fred Olsen Bolt “Lifesaver” n. a. 2012 Being tested r (5 2015) s re eostrto p se o proto- Bluewater n. a. 2012 Being installed 23.3 o eros s prt o t e G I tpe to coerc to s seco E 300 c or projects. ct step or t ese eer Portugal I Sp, Fee- rs or t o t e ress o re tec ooes, espec t e cr- OWC Pico 0.4 MW 1998 Connected reebe eeres ee 2012. eer s s-sce, t e sector ret ecooc cte. Pelamis 2.25 MW 2008 On hold Waveroller 0.3 MW 2012 Being tested France Barrage de La Rance 240 MW 1966 Connected Hydro Gen 2 0.01 MW 2010 Being tested Open Hydro Arcouest 0.5 MW 2013 Being tested Spain Mutriku OWC – Voith Wavegen 0.3 MW 2011 Connected Innpacto Wave n. a. 2012 Being tested Denmark Poseidon Floating Power Plant 0.14 MW 2008 Connected Wave Star 0.039 MW 2009 Connected Ireland OE Buoy 0.015 MW 2006 Being tested Sweden Seabased 1 MW 2015 Being installed n. a.: not available. Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 AW Energy AW

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Energy indicators

82 83

C OE ESICE ESIO

eebe eeres oce score pots It follows that the growth pace of the renewable te Erope o 2013, bot or eectrct electricity producing sectors should slow down in procto eer cospto eer. 2014, as a result of lower production infrastructure Ftre s te eectrct eert sector investments in 2012 and 2013, as presented in this cert be rer to coe b becse te po- publication. tc oposts o reebe eectrct eert sector eeopet e oe oer te st to ONE OUT OF EVERY KWH OF ELECTRICITY ers, bot t Erope sttto ee er CONSUMED IS RENEWABLY SOURCED te pets o eber sttes. ret oc s ct p o eroet oc tt The year 2013 was a very good year for renewable preos e s. electricity production. According to EurObserv’ER, gross renewable electricity production, not norma- The new European Commission guidelines on pro- lized for hydro and wind power, increased by 11.1%, moting the renewable sectors is aimed at “designing i.e. 852.9 TWh, between 2012 and 2013. This increase, more efficient public support measures that reflect combined with a level of stability in the European market conditions, in a gradual and pragmatic way”. Union’s overall electricity consumption (3 314.6 TWh In other words, they abandon the guaranteed Feed- in 2012 as against 3 306 TWh in 2013), took the in Tariffs system in favour of electricity sales mar- renewable share up to 25.8%, a 2.6 percent rise. ket-based mechanisms. This new European policy Now more than a quarter of the European Union’s has been justified on the grounds of needing to total electricity consumption is renewably sourced. maintain a better grasp on the development of the In 2004, the renewable share was only 14.3%, which renewable sectors, bring their energy bill costs under means that over the decade the share has increased

control and make their integration into the energy by 11.5 percentage points. Solar Euromed mix easier. This new policy is also justiﬁed by the fact that the production costs of some production Between 2012 and 2013, most of the major produc- an extra 34.4 TWh to its total estimated at 369.6 TWh total of 157.3 TWh. Biogas was the main contributor sectors, such as onshore wind energy and PV solar tion sectors posted two-digit growth rates. Wind (excluding pumped-storage installation production). of the four with an additional 6.3 TWh (for a total of power, are now considered sufﬁciently mature to energy posted 13.8% of growth, solar power (PV and Wind energy is not to be left out, as it increased by 52.7 TWh). Solid biomass added a further 1.4 TWh for take on the market. The stated aim is also to reduce CSP combined) with 19.7%, and biogas with 13.7%. 28.4 TWh to reach 234.4 TWh. Solar power at 85.2 TWh, a total of 81.6 TWh. The other renewable electricity competitive distortions between renewable and A good year for hydropower (with a 10.3% increase) is the third-ranked contributor and increased pro- sectors’ contributions were marginal (0.2 TWh more conventional electricity (coal, gas, oil, nuclear) in also contributed to the sharp growth in renewable duction by 14.1 TWh of which 13.4 TWh was from PV for geothermal power, for a total of 5.9 TWh) and even a globally crisis-ridden sector, where many energy electricity production. Incidentally it is hydro- alone. In 2013 the biomass sectors (solid biomass, bio- negative for marine energies (0.04 TWh less for a total operators have to contend with lower productivity power that contributed the most to EU growth in gas, renewable municipal waste and liquid biomass) of 0.4 TWh). from their production facilities. renewable electricity production in 2013 by adding were more subdued and only added 8.5 TWh to give a

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Energy indicators

84 1 2 85 S re o reebe eer ross eectrct cospto o E cotres 2012 2013* S re o ec eer sorce reebe eectrct eerto t e E 28 (%)

Austria . . . . . (. TWh) . (. TWh) . (. TWh) Geothermal (. TWh) Geothermal Sweden power power . Solar power Solar power . . . . . Portugal . (. TWh) (. TWh) (. TWh) (. TWh) . Latvia Biomass Ocean Biomass Ocean . energies energies . Croatia . . Denmark . Spain . . . . Slovenia . . . . ( . TWh) (. TWh) ( . TWh) (. TWh) . Wind power Hydraulic Wind power Hydraulic Romania . power power . Italy . Finland . . : total . TWh *: total . TWh Germany . . Greece . . * Estimate. Note: Figures for actual hydraulic and wind generation (no normalisation). Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 Slovakia . . Ireland . . THE EUROPEAN TARGETS FOR tive, renewable electricity production in 2013 stood France** . POINTS TO BE GAINED IN SEVEN YEARS at 70.8 Mtoe, which is a 4.6 Mtoe gain over 2012. The . additional contribution of renewable heat consump- Bulgaria . . The 2009/28 European directive provides that the tion was a little lower (an extra 4.1 Mtoe), but heat is United Kingdom . * Member States should reach a 20% renewable energy the leading energy vector of final renewable energy . share in gross final energy consumption across Europe consumption with a total of 89.2 Mtoe in 2013. Czech Rep. . . and has set binding individual country targets for The consumption of energy in transport did not Lithuania . 2020. EurObserv’ER is monitoring each Member State’s lead to an increase in the renewable energy share. . trajectory towards achieving these targets. Sustainably certified biofuel consumption (the only Estonia . . Calculating the renewable energy share for each of type that can contribute to the European Renewable Belgium . the Member States is a tricky business and the EurOb- Energy Directive targets) declined slightly between . serv’ER findings are estimates based on the data col- 2012 and 2013 (from 11.6 to 11.4 Mtoe). This drop is the Poland . . lected by the project team over the past year. These upshot of the controversy over first generation biofuel Netherlands . initial estimates put the renewable energy share of sustainability and the lack of consensus across the . the European Union’s gross final energy consump- European Union on the future of the biofuel sectors Cyprus . . tion at 15.0% in 2013 compared to 14.2% in 2012… an after the 2020 dateline, regardless of whether they Hungary . increase of 0.8 of a percentage point. are first or second generation. . Gross final renewable energy consumption increased Luxembourg . . by 8.4 Mtoe between 2012 and 2013 (from 163 to The increase in final renewable energy consumption Malta . . 171.4 Mtoe). Of the three main energy uses, heat, in 2013 can be put down to four key facts. Firstly, a European Union . electricity and fuel production, renewable electricity sharp rise in the “normalized” wind power contri- ( countries) . production contributed the most to the 2013 increase. bution of 2.3 Mtoe across the European Union. Bio- If we take into account the normalized hydropower mass consumption for heat production purposes

* Estimate. ** Overseas Departments not included for France. Note: Figures for actual hydraulic and wind generation (no normalisation). and wind power production according to the rules Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 laid down by the European Renewable Energy Direc-

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Energy indicators

86 3 87 S re o eer ro reebe sorces ross eer cospto 2012 2013* to oer trets 2020

. . * . target . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Italy EU 28 Spain Malta Latvia Greece Cyprus Poland Ireland Austria Croatia Estonia Finland Sweden Belgium Bulgaria Slovakia Hungary Slovenia Portugal France** Romania Germany Denmark Lithuania Netherlands Luxembourg Czech Republic United Kingdom

Note: Calculations, defined by the Directive, use a normalized hydro and wind generation. * EurObserv’ER estimates, calculated on the basis of the project’s data collection campaigns. ** Results for France calculated by EurObserv’ER don’t include the overseas territories but for the purpose of Directive 2009/28/EC the accounting of energy There could be a repeat of this phenomenon in 2014, Of the big energy users, France and Germany have from renewable sources for France has to include French overseas territories. Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 relating to biofuel. In 2013, the biofuel sustainabi- achieved 62.5 and 67.8% of their targets respectively, lity certification system that endorses eligibility while the UK has achieved about 34.5%. These results for admission into the national renewable energy appear to illustrate that the efforts set for the indi- also increased (by 2.7 Mtoe), primarily through a Incidentally we should mention that the quality of the target calculations, was still awaiting initiation in vidual Member States to achieve their 2020 targets surge in French consumption. The third factor is an renewable energy statistics presented by the minis- a few countries such as Spain, Portugal and Fin- vary. Despite the heavy investments already made in increase of 1.2 Mtoe in PV power production between tries and statistics offices is constantly improving as land. Hence biofuel production in these countries these three countries, their 2020 goals are still far 2012 and 2013. Finally biogas also made a significant the result of the ambitious studies conducted to refine has been excluded from the European Renewable from being met. Most of the remaining effort will thus input through both the electricity recovery and heat appraisal of actual renewable energy consumption. Energy Directive target calculations, and affected have to be made by the high energy-consuming recovery channels (adding 545 ktoe and 339 ktoe res- Their main focus is households, which are harder to their results. countries. This could be repeated for the objectives pectively). estimate. These insights may lead to major statistical of the next climate-energy package. In October 2014, consolidations for specific sectors and lead to reas- Five EU countries have already achieved their 2020 the European Council presented its conclusions on Another factor boosted the renewable energy share of sessments of the renewable share in some countries. targets, namely Bulgaria, Estonia, Lithuania, Roma- the framework for action to be implemented on cli- total gross final energy consumption. Our estimates This applies to Germany and Italy in 2013, following nia and Sweden. Eight countries are almost on target mate and energy by the 2030 timeline. A goal of at indicate that total gross final energy consumption new surveys of household wood-energy consumption. with more than 90% achieved – Austria, Croatia, the least 27% has been set for the renewable energy share (renewable or otherwise) continued to fall in 2013. A similar survey is in progress in France and should Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Latvia, Slovenia of EU energy consumption by 2030. The target will We can attribute this to the economic crisis and also shortly publish its findings, which could also lead to and Italy. It should be borne in mind that the recent only be binding across the European Union and will to energy efficiency efforts. We calculate this fall at some adjustments. reassessment of final wood-energy consumption in have to be negotiated between the Member States 5.8 Mtoe across the European Union (from 1 146.2 Mtoe Italian households undoubtedly contributed to this in 2012 to 1 140.4 Mtoe in 2013). excellent result.

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Energy indicators

88 4 89 S re o eer ro reebe sorces ross eer cospto 2012 2013* cte trjector

2012 2013* Indicative trajectory Country (%) (%) 2013-2014** (%) Sweden 51.6 51.7 42.6 Finland 34.6 37.1 31.4 Latvia 35.7 36.5 34.8 Austria 32.1 32.6 26.5 Denmark 26.2 27.7 20.9 Estonia 25.8 26.8 20.1 Romania 22.9 26.1 19.7 Portugal 24.5 25.7 23.7 Lithuania 21.5 23.1 17.4 Slovenia 20.7 22.6 18.7 Bulgaria 16.3 20.8 11.4 Croatia 17.5 18.6 15.0

Italy 15.4 16.8 8.7 südtirol marketing/max lautenschläger Spain 14.3 15.5 12.1 “guided by the need to deliver collectively the EU Greece 13.6 15.0 10.2 target”. This compromise could lead to fears that France*** 13.3 14.4 14.1 most of the future growth of renewable energies in the European Union will only be carried by the Czech Republic 11.3 12.5 8.2 countries where public opinion is ready to make Germany 12.1 12.2 9.5 efforts to combat global warming, thereby instituting Poland 11.0 11.4 9.5 a two-speed Europe. If this target, which observers describe as toothless, is approved by the European Slovakia 10.6 10.5 8.9 Parliament, a mean annual 0.7 point increase in the Hungary 9.5 10.1 6.9 renewable energy share will be needed. Belgium 6.8 7.5 5.4 Cyprus 6.2 7.4 5.9 Ireland 7.0 7.3 7.0 United Kingdom 4.2 5.2 5.4 Netherlands 4.4 4.5 5.9 Luxembourg 3.2 3.6 3.9 Malta 1.9 2.5 3.0 EU 28 14.2 15.0 – Note: Calculations, deﬁned by the Directive, use a normalized hydro and wind generation. * EurObserv’ER estimates, calculated on the basis of the project’s data collection campaigns. ** All percentages originate from Annex I of Directive 2009/28/EC. The indicative trajectory has been calculated from Part B of the Annex. *** Results for France calculated by EurObserv’ER don’t include the overseas territories but for the purpose of Directive 2009/28/EC the accounting of energy from renewable sources for France has to include French overseas territories. Source: EurObserv’ER 2014

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Socio-economic indicators

90 91

SOCIO ECO O IC I IC O S

e rst cpter tt presets te eer 28 cotres copos te Erope ctors s sppeete b oe tt o 2013 re coere , et- ses t o te soco-ecooc pct te reebe sectors. e retes o te reebe sectors cross Erope. reer to te epoet res ses troer eerte 2012 2013.

etoooc ote

s er , ErObser’E s pte ts t to reect te eer r et cs tbse o te soco-ecooc pcts o ccrte ec sector. Cert er reebe eer, prr o jobs sec- ssptos o or cctos t e tor troer te Erope o eber bee prt rese retrocte. For ros Sttes. e soco-ecooc ctors pbse resos te soco-ecooc ctors e e bee tere ro e ret o beo c ot be rect cop re to st e r’s sorces. t res rete to te ers res te 2013 Oere roeter eto: 2012 2013. to sttstc oces • allthedatainthesocio-economicchapternow to eer eces proe te b reers to te E-28, so ts c Cro t s o te eer t. Copreese to e E eber stte, c s ce or te soco-ecooc sttstcs re proe rst te ro ts er ors. ere se or Frce (ee), Ger ( • Germany’sworkinggrouponrenewableenergy GEE-Stt), str ( I /EEG), te sttstcs (GEE-Stt) s so retrocte te o (E) tt coct rese te Ger ree be job st tstcs to sres tt rest te pbcto or 2012. e oer epoet re or o epoet ecooc ctt res or 2012isnowestimatedat399 800 jobswhich or soe ES sectors. 22 000 morethanthe377 800 jobspreviously reported.The8 300 jobsinpublicadministra- ErObser’E ttepts to e coeret est- to reserc re ot coere b te ErOb- te bse o test be eer r et ser’E etooo.

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Socio-economic indicators

92 93

• anotherbreakindatacollectioncomesfrom cses te ctors ere estte. ereer possbe, ErObser’E s eeo- eqpet, pt operto tece). te te o ere e job tr- ese esttes ere eter bse o eer re to pp cosstet eto scope to roer rs ro eectrct or e t s e, oer res ere so o to be sbst- t (ste cpctes or eer otpt), or te presetto o ctors. Iportt e- c tr cttes, or pbc t er t preos sse. e o rer pte proe epoet tos ect te oo sses: e rese rc, etc. re e ce. eebe Eer ec (E) rce estet rtos, s ete oo • i n ordertorepresentthetentativenatureof • Socio-economicindicatorsforthe boeer terose Cooper (C) e pbse s- tertre rees. jor sorces o estet ErObser’E esttos, job res re ro- sectors (boes, bo ss bo s) ce ct er troer epoet t job coecets re coere b et stes e to te e rest 50 jobs troer c- pstre cttes, e e spp te or sectors t te ErObser’E esttes. sc s te Isttte or Sstbe Ftres (ISF tors to te e rest €5 o. rctr , r orestr sectors. For For te s e o cosstec te e-reese 2009 2012; EEC Greepece (2010 • employmentdatacoversbothdirectandindi- so boss, te ctt ters o se-prores e bee opte. 2012), IE (2012, 2013), or re proe b Ero- rect jobs retes to ross epoet, .e. cto/cospto o oo b • a clearcorrectionhasbeenmadeforthe s pe str boes sc s E E (), EI ot t to ccot job osses oter oseos te “or” r et s ot eer sector. e IE – E report (2012) ( ), ES IF (sor ter), ES (ropoer), str sectors or e to epetre ce or or . assumedawindenergyworkforceof40 000that eE E (boes), E I E IO estet oter sectors. • a s in the previous edition, socio-economic ot ee te s Istr ssocto (boss), E (et pps), or Iterto • directjobsarethosedirectlyderivedfromRES ctors or te eoter sectors re ce. e tter qte sector epo- str boes (IG or eoter eer, or ctr, eqpet copoet sp- spt betee e r-sr ce ppc tos (e t mentataround28 500for2012,whichiswhywe E G EC or eer). Frterore, p, or oste stto O. pps) eep eoter tecooes. e retrocte jste ts re. to ssoctos ere pproce or s- • indirectjobsarethosethatresultfromacti- • socio-economic indicators for eer • the eer sector te e tbe t. Oter sorces ere Erope sres t sectors tt spp te ters or ce s sstes te . bee erestte st er’s eto. I (Stre p/ES, EpoES 2009), IEE project copoets se, bt ot ecse so, b • socio-economicindicatorsforso r ter te t o te E/ C report, te otpts ( osI or Geo r E , GEOELEC) or te reebes sectors (sc s jobs copper ce CS-rete cttes, or s- eer str re e epoe ecte reports o terto scope sc s set pts prt o ose procto tto O Sp or tecoo 35 000 peoplein2012. te E 21 Gob stts report 2011, te IE o- be se or ctr sor ter eqp- spp Ger. • forthecourseof2013afurtherdropinmodule tootc oer Sstes ( S) to stts et, bt so be este or ppces • socio-economicindicatorsfortroer ro oer sste cost s sse or te po- reports or te IE E 2012/2013 epoet tot coecte es). boe ere ere ro ere t ro toot c ( ) sector. sttstcs ees c epoet • turnover figures, expressed in current mil- It, Ger Frce s jor proc e etos se b cotres, s- t or er , Frce, Ire, eters o eros (€), ocs o te ecooc cotres. obs troer boes so tttos ortos or qt te . estet ctt o te spp c (- ctor te ro port sres tt rece soco-ecooc pcts er ctr, strbto stto o te Erope prt o e creto.

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Socio-economic indicators

94 95

I OE

esp te te r os cees I ters o troer Denmark s te bor- tes e osore ore ecor es ce corot te Erope te css eer. e s sector tt too o 2013 ro Austria (er 900 mil- eer str, te epoet str ssoc t o c s er poss be rter sort- e lion Euro and 4 500 employees ecoo c ct t orecsts stbe sector troer o 80.4 b o stt o boo te ce o ts sector) tt presete or 2013 re q te oo. to roer or 10 780 M€ s t po t c cert t srro stt o recor. Poland te Erope o ter r- se ororce o ro te re se reebe eer ct t e ts stt o et soe o 2013 - c 27 500 persons. I ts (EEG – eect ro 1 st 2014) oet (+893 ) ee Crot - (o to 11 264 2013 str report te ssoc t o tt s to t ts st- srpsse te 2012 r t ro 12 700 2012), t e to ep s tt s sector t o rte to 2 500 . 884 . Correspo ErOb- eep boe te 11 G treso. cop es ct otperore ser’E sses 2 billion euro s e t o seets o te E seer oter copet tors pt e United Kingdom s te ts ses troer 3 000 jobs ret ere c ore ot e ore eps s o te r oest c seco rest osore ret sst e b poer te ore cocetrte t ret. Eports s s ec e te E te r e ob cotr. t b t os eps o recet ers, c po ts to o 1.6%. e ecoo c oe s osore eer. I te osore ps (7 000 b 2020) o cert ee o r t. Oe reso re bse o te or eer seet te Goeret s s et te epectt os tere or cocer s tt 2013 te to ests bt te str s e ee- core ts b t o to rec s st ee to be e o Erope rets, e ope t eros ser SEs, 39 000 b 2030 c so te eer ro. Ger te , ccote ct e preset te ob rter r e te soc o-ecoo c or ore t o te ste eer e c . ctors tt re st t St tert o copet t o cpc t te E. e Sc - 6 billion Euro 36 000 jobs ess b t os Erope c te cotr es soe Ester Germany s e stt o ccor to ret re e os jeopr e te eer Erope cotr es sc s o- recor t 3 466 ste cocte b E C 2013. sector s t. It s cer eter , o or e eber stte 2013. GEE-Stt, te cotr’s or- te E trets or 2020 c be

Crot re ecor rop o reebe eer Spain ( t 20 000 jobs) Paul-Langrock.de et esp te ecor s s, eres te orer c- stt st cs, sttes crese eport-r e ecoo c s s ro cotr es, p os Sp , It or Frce re eer-rete troer pcts o 2 billion Euros o ts e French ret 2013 too opet te e o te Greee t eeopet te soc o-eco- sp ets s. (8 470 M€, p ro 5 180 € ecoo ccor to te t o- pce c te tt s ot too 2 re prt to be or te o c t t cost tte sc- ErObser’E rtes te sector t 2012) 20 000 e jobs, o str bo EE) re s coc e to te eeopet o soo. e soc o ecoo c cess or te crret er. 39.8 billion euro for 2013 ppret st t 137 800, te top poer procer te poer str. e- res re e stbe ters ppro te 302 500 jobs, b r te rest sre tot te E-28. oeer te oest c coecte poer cpc t s o epoet (20 000 jobs) e c s r cos stet t te reebe eer rete epo- ret re e e t o o 23% ro 2012 32% coses troer so o s t Erope Eer ssoc t o et. e to resos or 175 ste oer te st pre to 2011. e strt e ro 2.32 to 2.23 billion euro. (E E) sspt os. t s re oo perorce tee ots. re tpe srro sector ee-

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Socio-economic indicators

96 97 1 2 E po et roer

2012 2013 2012 2013

Annual installed Annual installed Installed capacity Employment (direct Installed capacity Employment (direct Turnover (M€) Turnover (M€) to date (MW) and indirect jobs) to date (MW) and indirect jobs) capacity (MW) capacity (MW)

Germany 31 304.0 121 800 34 660.0 137 800 Denmark 220.6 11 000 656.6 10 780 United Kingdom 8 895.0 25 000 11 209.0 36 000 Germany 2 439.5 5 180 3 466.0 8 470 Italy 8 102.0 40 000 8 542.0 30 000 United Kingdom 1 853.9 5 500 1 888.0 6 000 Denmark 4 162.8 28 500 4 810.0 27 500 France 701.0 2 320 630.0 2 230 France 7 622.0 20 000 8 202.0 20 000 Poland 884.0 1 260 892.8 2 000 Spain 22 795.0 30 000 22 964.0 20 000 Spain 1 032.0 3 850 175.0 2 000 Austria 1 377.0 3 900 1 684.0 4 500 Netherlands 161.0 1 000 303.2 1 300 Sweden 3 607.0 5 100 4 194.0 4 500 Italy 1 273.0 1 950 444.0 1 200 Netherlands 2 433.0 3 500 2 713.2 4 000 Sweden 846.3 1 500 725.4 1 200 Belgium 1 365.0 3 000 1 653.0 3 500 Belgium 306.0 750 329.3 950 Ireland 1 764.0 2 500 1 896.0 3 500 Romania 959.0 1 300 637.0 900 Poland 2 564.0 2 800 3 429.0 3 000 Austria 295.7 740 307.0 875 Romania 1 822.0 2 800 2 459.0 2 000 Ireland 80.0 250 131.7 400 Finland 257.0 900 447.0 1 500 Finland 89.7 150 162.3 350 Portugal 4 531.0 1 500 4 731.0 1 500 Portugal 224.0 500 193.0 350 Greece 1 753.0 1 500 1 809.0 1 400 Croatia 50.0 80 119.2 200 Croatia 179.6 400 254.3 400 Greece 117.0 200 115.2 175 Lithuania 225.0 250 279.0 400 Bulgaria 131.0 200 7.1 100 Bulgaria 669.6 500 676.7 250 Estonia 89.0 150 10.5 100 Czech Republic 258.0 500 270.0 250 Lithuania 46.0 60 54.0 75 Estonia 266.0 400 248.0 100 Czech Republic 45.0 70 12.0 40 Hungary 331.0 100 331.0 100 Latvia 20.0 25 2.0 15 Cyprus 146.7 100 146.7 <50 Cyprus 13.0 15 0.0 10 Latvia 59.0 100 67.0 <50 Hungary 0.0 25 0.0 10 Luxembourg 58.3 <50 60.6 <50 Luxembourg 11.0 10 2.3 10 Slovakia 3.1 <50 3.1 <50 Slovakia 0.0 5 0.0 5 Slovenia 2.3 <50 2.3 <50 Slovenia 2.3 5 0.0 5 Malta 0.0 0 0.0 0 Malta 0.0 0 0.0 0 Total EU 106 552.4 295 300 117 741 302 450 Total EU 11 890.0 38 095 11 263.6 39 770 Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 Source: EurObserv’ER 2014

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Socio-economic indicators

98 99

O OOL IC

e or tre Ero- te steep rp ee- 45% er-o-er se. tters O ob sce, sts sc pe -ce estets tr cts 2012 2013. Sste re o crtc or soe o te s IS project te 2014 ret t epoet cote prces e ece b 25% sce eeopers t toe pre- ro 40-46 G rter or 2013 ErObser’E ssesses be o 2012 bt t te se sece o re spper st rot or 2015 re b C, te ret t ro 22 billion te spport e b 50% e to sccesso. e sector’s tre s te S , p or rc. s ee- euro, t rece or orce copse rter e. e becoe ee ore cert s r tre tere s ts ro o ro 159 000 persons ese o te oestc ret rest o te ecso to c ee or copes to ers te Erope str. jor sstros eects o te Ger- costto o te reebe cote to epot e r- job osses re reporte ro Ger- str o te e eer spport ecss to ets to rece ter epeece o (40 000), It (6 000), France c ts oss co ot be ee te e Erope poc te E rets. e pctre s ess (12 600) or Sp. e str r- e p b eport cttes. For o epos te reebe sectors oo e coser tt e ter stce tse ro ts se- 2014 te Istr bo ore- to ret ecss. oeer, ret se ets bece reet set tr et o 1 o jobs b 2020. sees ore poste estet tere s t t te e o te s e c re see te cte e orers. t ts te or te sector. e coec- ro O sector. I Erope, Foo e ste c es cert ot tr te te oer to ee oer te st qrter to estors ee to peret scssos bot te te co ers. o 2013 (c ecee pt oer ee- trs et re et o te 161 p) s c er t jst to teers ste o te eebe Eer Sorces ct s oresee st ers eto, te ee recore 4 o 2012 ore coeet ee- trs. (EEG) 2013, Germany s srp te Coto Eer 6.7 bo ero (95 p), s est retr to oter ot or te

Q-Cells/Andre Forner rop sttos (57%) ro 7.6 r ot, rest cer rot 2014. str s to ocs o e bs- to 3.3 G o e- e cpct. ret cotrcto 2013 ess oes, procts serces e ob pctre o potoo- cete sstes to rest bc Coseqet, troer ro Italy. e oestc ret so ore poste ret tres c sc s te stor eor se- tcs (ret st to C, cotro o ter sector’s eeop- estet, stto sr b ore t , ts te be obsere Austria tt s cospto sectors. p, S ) s te cotto et crb te specte O e 62% to 5.570 M€ cotr ost soe ro, espte set e stto recor o te ore cosoto set r e resposbe or epoet ece b 44% re b te E. e (er 5 000 jobs oer 500 - restrctr process. Sste ret rot, c s ro 103 000 to 56 000 persons estte tt te sector epos o ero bsess e). so prces e rter 13% c s re coseqeces o ber o te Ger sector ccor- 10 000 people te ecooc te Greek Sor sector spe cer oer t te 27% t- cotres’ eectrct bs. t te to GEE-Stt. s s e e o or te cotr t ore pros tre t te esse 2012. I ts cotet, se te te rop potootc e t esttes o te Sor 2.8 billion euro. oer ecooc stto te Erope ret o o er stto estet costs s Istr ssocto (S -Sor)1 Romania soe etror- 1. 2013 rd. 60.000 Arbeitsplätze in der es te or. ost o te E cceerte tro ecooes o tt cs ro 60 000 jobs. e e tr b est Erope ret r rot (er 973 st- Solarbranche in Deutschland, press eber Sttes e eter t- sce e to oer r s cse o ts cosoto s ee 2013, France s t o pot. e, €1 billion in turnover and release Bundesverband Solarwirts- r or srp rece ter sector troer correspo . terto copetto bt so e-coecte cpct soe jobs for 2 500 people). chaft e.V. (BSW-Solar) 28.1.2014.

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Socio-economic indicators

100 101 1 2 E po et roer

2012 2013 2012 2013

Annual installed Annual installed Installed capacity Employment (direct Installed capacity Employment (direct Turnover (M€) Turnover (M€) to date (MWp) and indirect jobs) to date (MWp) and indirect jobs) capacity (MWp) capacity (MWp)

Germany 32 703.0 100 300 36 013.0 56 000 Germany 7 609.0 12 420 3 310.0 5 570 France* 3 953.0 39 000 4 625.0 26 400 France* 1 150.0 4 490 672.0 3 780 United Kingdom 1 749.3 12 500 2 782.3 15 600 Italy 3 648.0 4 600 2 000.0 2 800 Greece 1 543.3 10 500 2 585.8 12 000 United Kingdom 713.0 1 500 1 033.0 2 700 Belgium 2 581.1 20 500 2 912.1 10 000 Netherlands 219.0 1 500 300.0 2 000 Italy 16 420.0 16 000 18 420.0 10 000 Greece 912.0 1 150 1 042.5 1 350 Spain 4 645.7 12 000 4 766.0 7 500 Romania 46.4 50 972.7 1 000 Netherlands 365.0 5 800 665.0 6 500 Denmark 385.0 1 300 169.2 605 Austria 421.7 4 850 690.4 4 850 Austria 234.5 390 268.7 510 Romania 49.3 500 1 022.0 2 500 Spain 270.4 800 120.3 400 Bulgaria 914.8 7 500 1 019.2 1 500 Belgium 1 190.0 1 400 331.0 380 Czech Republic 2 022.4 1 500 2 132.8 1 500 Czech Republic 109.0 300 110.4 300 Sweden 24.1 600 43.1 800 Bulgaria 702.6 1 500 104.4 250 Portugal 245.3 750 302.8 750 Lithuania 6.1 10 61.9 75 Lithuania 6.2 100 68.1 700 Portugal 68.1 75 57.5 70 Denmark 403.2 600 572.4 500 Sweden 8.3 50 19.0 60 Slovenia 221.5 1 400 254.8 500 Slovenia 121.1 150 33.3 50 Luxembourg 76.7 400 100.0 300 Luxembourg 35.7 40 23.3 30 Croatia 4.0 <50 19.0 200 Croatia 4.0 5 15.0 20 Cyprus 17.2 100 34.8 200 Cyprus 7.1 10 17.6 20 Slovakia 543.1 700 537.1 200 Slovakia 55.8 90 0.0 20 Malta 18.7 150 24.7 100 Malta 12.1 25 6.0 10 Estonia 0.2 <50 0.2 <50 Estonia 0.0 <5 0.0 <5 Finland 9.2 <50 10.2 <50 Finland 1.0 <5 1.0 <5 Hungary 12.3 100 15.4 <50 Hungary 9.6 <5 3.1 <5 Ireland 0.9 <50 1.0 <50 Ireland 0.2 <5 0.1 <5 Latvia 1.5 <50 1.5 <50 Latvia 0.0 <5 0.0 <5 Poland 3.6 100 4.2 <50 Poland 1.4 <5 0.6 <5 Total EU 68 956.2 236 200 79 622.8 158 900 Total EU 17 519.4 31 885 10 672.6 22 030 * Overseas departments included for France. Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 * Overseas departments included for France. Source: EurObserv’ER 2014

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Socio-economic indicators

102 103

SOL EL

2013, te ret s ppe or repceet o 30 er-o o I France, te ret sr Ite t t e ro, s jst s et sstes, c 2013 t soc o-ecoo c pcts. 3 027 532 2 o coector srce s st te eeret c oer - ErObser’E rtes epoet t ste (eqt to 2 119.3 t t o br sstes c ro 6 700 jobs and sector tur- o cpc t), .e. 13.2% ess t sor ter pp ct os. so te nover of € 430 million. o e 2012. e soos ere pr- bers o e b s tte o t s s tt o, te sor ter t cr ser os te e Ero- t S sstes s te to r se str jo e orces t te r pe rets – Frce, Ger, so reers o te tre s e et pp b oss co ter- str , It, ort or te te co ers. prts st er ppee to te rst t e Greece, c s pre- tor t es. e c tesees ceete. e rests o o tt e UK etere te ocs o or ce cer reoebe e cer pct o or soc o- obsert os ter te ee “ eebe et ce” to e ecoo c res. ErObser’E I eebe et Icet e or epress o to te spec c sses E e sector troer prore ce to eect, coe- sses ect reebe et o 3.68 billion euro - r sor ter o t et te t o ebte o eer se ororce o 41 650 jobs. pps b oss bo ers trs t o. tret oest c oe oers. e sor ter sector tesse Soc o-ecoo c pcts cot ter to ers o rot rop o 11% 2013 Germany. et be see re t ro Poland in 2011 2012, te

I ts ret pte GEE- 40 million euro 800 jobs, t o ret ost pets enova/Erik Thallaug Stt1 etes te str t res tt cert be re se 2013. e res or obt - 1 190 million euro (6% ess) prs oer te co ers. ro te sbs prore, otte to te prore r e sor ter sector sees to ree esres to se et 12 500 people employed. e te t o F or E roe- ot. I t s cotet bs be te ceter o oter cr s s proct o bc to te top o te osses te oest c ret e s tt o Italy so r s o t rotect o ter - oe ts stoppe t s cer tt -bo sor e re e te eot t o co ot et re oset b eport potet pro s . e ee- eet (FOS G ), ce ppro sbs es oce ter ret recoer be reor srro te op- ct t es. e report so coers tr s or et proct o 2013 te c resorces te r bet trets ere et. e cot et o -ot reebe t o o te seco c te CS -rete ecoo c ct t es te Coto er co, or tert - rest s ec ret. I et eeopet po c tt co- eer pce. (100 o ero t o- e t rect os e o 2013, 274 100 2 o coectors ere b es cet es to proce t 1 100 jobs). e eer sor or eects o ct st- 1. BMWI / AGEE-STAT 2014: Bruttobes- ste copre to 302 074 2 proot o cp . Eee coector ret tre t ot t o rtes. s s stt t chäftigung durch erneuerbare 2012. esp te tt, te soc o- Erope ssoc t os tt repre- be s r s t sees te 4 000 jobs and a sector volume Energien in Deutschland im Jahr ecoo c ctors re e set reebe et e jo e otoo s better s te e e s- of 350 million euro. 2013 -eine erste Abschätzung- Stand: e t 2012 ro 230 mil- orces et Co t o to re t o o eer s s ps or te Mai 2014 lion euro 2 500 jobs. te Erope st tt os to pp

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Socio-economic indicators

104 105 1 2 E po et roer

2012 2013 2012 2013

Annual installed Employment (direct Annual installed Employment (direct Cumulated capacity Cumulated capacity Turnover (M€) Turnover (M€) capacity (MWth) and indirect jobs) capacity (MWth) and indirect jobs) to date (MWth) to date (MWth)

Germany* 819.0 12 700 728.0 12 500 Germany* 11 416.3 1 240 12 055.4 1 190 France 197.7 7 200 159.9 6 700 Spain 2 075.4 500 2 238.2 500 Spain 160.5 4 500 162.8 4 500 France 1 690.5 460 1 802.5 430 Italy 231.0 4 350 207.9 4 000 Italy 2 380.0 400 2 590.0 350 Austria 146.2 3 400 126.4 2 900 Austria 3 448.4 345 3 538.3 295 Poland 211.5 2 550 191.9 2 500 Poland 848.1 240 1 039.5 230 Greece 170.1 3 000 147.7 2 100 Greece 2 884.7 200 2 914.8 175 Denmark 93.2 1 500 72.8 1 200 Denmark 499.0 110 550.2 90 Czech Republic 70.0 1 000 55.7 800 Czech Republic 624.9 85 680.6 65 United Kingdom 41.5 900 31.5 800 Belgium 334.0 50 374.2 50 Portugal 63.6 1 100 40.1 600 Netherlands 605.2 60 615.6 50 Belgium 43.4 600 41.3 500 Portugal 676.7 75 716.8 50 Slovakia 5.6 500 4.7 450 United Kingdom 455.3 50 475.2 40 Cyprus 16.9 500 12.0 400 Croatia 83.7 20 95.9 20 Netherlands 47.9 350 42.1 300 Hungary 125.3 35 137.3 20 Ireland 19.0 200 19.4 250 Ireland 176.9 20 196.3 20 Romania 14.0 200 16.8 250 Romania 93.3 20 110.2 20 Croatia 13.3 200 12.2 200 Cyprus 485.8 20 476.8 15 Hungary 36.2 200 12.6 150 Bulgaria 58.1 <10 58.5 <10 Slovenia 9.4 150 6.3 100 Slovakia 108.0 <10 112.7 <10 Sweden 8.5 150 6.3 100 Slovenia 141.8 <10 148.1 <10 Bulgaria 5.6 100 3.9 <50 Sweden 337.4 <10 341.6 <10 Estonia 1.3 <50 1.3 <50 Estonia 4.3 <5 5.5 <5 Finland 2.8 <50 2.8 <50 Finland 29.9 <5 32.5 <5 Latvia 2.1 <50 1.9 <50 Latvia 10.3 <5 12.1 <5 Lithuania 2.1 <50 1.3 <50 Lithuania 6.4 <5 7.7 <5 Luxembourg 4.8 <50 4.3 <50 Luxembourg 23.1 <5 27.4 <5 Malta 4.2 <50 1.2 <50 Malta 33.8 <5 35.0 <5 Total EU 2 441.4 45 650 2 115.1 41 650 Total EU 29 657 4 000 31 388.9 3 680 Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 Source: EurObserv’ER 2014

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Socio-economic indicators

106 107

SLL OOE

e ropoer sector to costrct os re be ere to 14 052 2013 sest roer s est te t soe Ecoo cs Grop o te ec - re, ret eee or ber be ore ect, te s ro b eros e st e or e ro- so bt cot os rot. S € 4.9 billion. ob est tes re c ers t o e cte ecess (reebe) eer cp- sector t ste cpc t es et obstces ret os. ro eectr c t eert o te bse o etrpot os o ES oer 6 000 jobs in Austria. ro- c t. t oce te ber o o <10 s te ost stt c o E-28 crese to 49.5 , p strep t ro 2012 ose poer s s ct ro s tbe s tes s te ote reebe tecoo es. e re- ccor to ErObser’E t ro 43.6 2012 bt s st str sect o ortte sector te p e cotr, c soc cceptce e ro- so or t s s tt ost s tbe ste ro cpc t o<10 e beo te 51.3 o tore s ot bee pte. etres er orbe co - et ter t o tese projects s tes re re t e e crese ro 13 732 2012 2010. ro 42 850 jobs re to be o t os. Sector troer s rte t cot be te or rte. copoet ctr , pt € 1 billion, te rest o obser- stt o, e eer ct t es e E eber Sttes. O cross te Erope o. t oer 3 000 o s ere re o ct os o est- ro cpc t otpt et te ropoer str o 12 000 G , Italy s b r te crese betee 2012 rest ret te E-28. Stre- 2013 Germany. e p est te oer 400 cop es str s, oeer, e to ere ct e te ro str e crese ts troer to It 2012. ErObser’E rtes € 510 million (€ 250 o te sector t 4 500 jobs c estet e stt os re ro sector troer o €260 o O), oo € 750 million. te rests o cop sre rer eport epectt os. e ro sector France s Gross epoet te str bee jste to 3 850 jobs and 2013 tote ppro. 13 100 sector income of € 450 million. jobs (p ro 12 900 2012)1. e cotr s pror to ese oeer ce so re 3 000 to te e st s ro sector jobs. r c cpc t. e proress o t s pror s so becse te e rot prospects or s s tes or e c t es re scrce ro poer re rter te s 1. BMWI / AGEE-STAT 2014: Bruttobes- sbject to costr ts, ost be s tes e re chäftigung durch erneuerbare espec ret to te o bee t e. ere cert Energien in Deutschland im Jahr r ers ter corses. be ro e or te 2013 -eine erste Abschätzung- Stand:

südtirol marketing/max lautenschläger F res reese b te Eer costrct o o ppe ro sto- Mai 2014

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Socio-economic indicators

108 109 1 2 E po et roer

2012 2013 2012 2013

Installed net capacity Employment (direct Installed net capacity Employment (direct Small hydro Small hydro to date (MW) and indirect jobs) to date (MW) and indirect jobs) gross electricity Turnover (M€) gross electricity Turnover (M€) production (GWh) production (GWh) Germany * 1780.0 12 900 1774.0 13 100 Austria 5 774 1 000 5 721 1 000 Austria 1184.0 6 000 1233.0 6 150 Italy 9 409 600 11 986 750 United Kingdom 254.0 4 950 258 4 950 United Kingdom 868 725 802 720 Italy 2904.0 4 000 3034.0 4 500 Germany 7 206 450 7 819 510 France 2025.0 3 850 2021.0 3 850 France 5 756 400 7 196 450 Portugal 380.0 1 750 373.0 1 700 Spain 2 934 200 5 241 400 Spain 1942.0 1 500 1948.0 1 500 Sweden 4 366 280 3 020 250 Greece 218.0 1 250 220.0 1 250 Portugal 627 95 1 195 150 Poland 273.0 950 277.0 1 000 Slovakia 109 140 115 150 Sweden 953.0 550 992.0 600 Romania 540 95 603 110 Romania 425.7 450 530.0 500 Bulgaria 731 110 715 100 Hungary 14.1 400 16.8 450 Czech Republic 917 70 1 094 100 Belgium 65.0 400 64.0 400 Poland 938 80 994 100 Bulgaria 285.0 400 285.0 400 Greece 669 55 772 75 Czech Republic 311.0 300 326.3 400 Finland 1 733 45 1 077 40 Finland 315.0 400 318.0 400 Slovenia 297 15 363 25 Slovenia 160.0 400 161.0 400 Belgium 206 10 233 15 Latvia 26.0 350 30.0 350 Croatia 77 <5 122 <5 Croatia 28.0 250 28.0 250 Denmark 17 <5 13 <5 Slovakia 71.0 300 43.0 250 Estonia 42 <5 26 <5 Lithuania 26.0 150 26.0 150 Hungary 39 <5 62 <5 Ireland 41.0 100 41.0 100 Ireland 108 <5 75 <5 Denmark 9.0 <50 9.0 <50 Latvia 80 <5 60 <5 Estonia 8.0 <50 8.0 <50 Lithuania 97 <5 92 <5 Luxembourg 34.0 <50 34,0 <50 Luxembourg 99 <5 119 <5 Netherlands 0.0 <50 0,0 <50 Cyprus 0 0 0 0 Cyprus 0.0 0 0,0 0 Malta 0 0 0 0 Malta 0.0 0 0,0 0 Netherlands 0 0 0 0 Total EU 13 732 41 800 14 050 42 850 Total EU 43 640.0 4 410 49 513.4 4 985 * Figures for large and small hydro plants. Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 * Figures for large and small hydro plants. Source: EurObserv’ER 2014

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Socio-economic indicators

110 111

GEOEL EEG

eoter eer c be reco- Italy s te r e eer I 2013, estet eoter- Gere e ter s et or eectr - eep eoter eer se eer b et et c t, t eret tecoo es te E-28. t 729 e cp- Germany crese b 4% oer or eret pp ct os or c t, ts sector troer re s t te pre os er, tot € 2 b - ec tpe. Geoter et c ee o ro € 600 million, o. ot eep eoter eer spp str ct et etors 5 500 jobs c be coet te et pp str es or tert e be se to et sse or te cotr. oter cotr bte to t s pos t e ee- poos, reeoses or qrs. portt eoter b te opet. Soe 90% o t s c t s er ErObser’E E s Hungary tt co ep be ttr bte to te er srce s sp t p te soc o-ecoo c ts eoter et eert o to (et pp) sect o, c st ccot o te Erope eo- 784 t. More than 1 000 jobs leaves 1 500 jobs and € 200 mil- ter sector to et pps turnover of € 75 million lion or te eep eoter sre (pr r or oest c et re te rest o ts cot e eo- ccor to GEE-Stt. prposes - see seprte sect o) ter eorts 2013. eep eoter pp c- to eoter eer s ess t os tt eerte et ost o France’s -teper- c t te et pp se- eectr c t rer pts s- tre eoter eer eeret e to te tecoo c tt os. eres eoter t o s te oerses terr tor es cope t o eep r , tere eectr c poer pts re o t to pts t o te, re soe b t os or et, o e cotr es, 19 ot o Geope, t 16 o et to esser etet or eectr c t te 28 Erope o eber cpc t. e cotr s to opert os b 2020, te t o sttes re o s eoter eeop t s sector t seer ct o ps o te eber Sttes. et. ccor to test ret eper et pts tt o te er -ter tres est tes bse o beet ro te rests o Sot- tre perspect es o te sector te sprse so job tro- sos-Forêt… te rst ot r roc epe o te cost ee o os- er t be, ErObser’E pts t te Erope 1987. s es, c ect est- rtes te tot 2013 sector oe Frce s oo erro et ec s os o reebe et t ro € 1.27 billion and a potet or et eert o, pr - stt os. slightly increased labour force r te Îe-e-Frce re o of 11 450 jobs. ester Frce. For 2013 ee est tes te ororce t 1 250 and an economic volume

GFZ of € 80 million.

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Socio-economic indicators

112 113 1 2 E po et roer

2012 2013 2012 2013

Employment (direct Employment (direct Cumulated capacity at Cumulated capacity at Energy tapped (ktoe) Turnover (M€) Energy tapped (ktoe) Turnover (M€) and indirect jobs and indirect jobs the end of 2012 the end of 2013 in 2012) in 2013) 614.6 600 621.3 600 728.1 Mwe 729 Mwe Italy Italy 5 500 5 500 778.7 MWth 784.7 MWth Germany 68.3 160 79.9 200 Germany 12 Mwe 1 400 24 Mwe 1 500 170.3 MWth 220.3 MWth Netherlands 11.8 80 23.7 90 16.2 Mwe 16.2 Mwe 1 200 1 250 France 287.4 MWth 287.4 MWth France 117.3 60 137.2 80 Hungary 714 MWth 850 774 MWth 1 000 Hungary 105.1 60 117.0 75 Netherlands 51 MWth 400 51 MWth 400 Belgium 1.5 40 1.7 40 Poland 115.4 MWth 200 119.2 MWth 200 Poland 15.8 30 18.6 30 Romania 176 MWth 200 176 MWth 200 Romania 21.6 25 21.6 25 United Kingdom 2.8 MWth <50 2.8 MWth 200 Slovakia 3.6 25 3.8 25 Greece 104.9 MWth 150 101 MWth 150 Austria 27.7 15 28.4 15 Slovakia 14.2 MWth 170 14.2 MWth 150 Slovenia 34.6 10 38.4 15 0.7 Mwe 0.7 Mwe <50 100 Austria 97 MWth 97 MWth Sweden 23.2 15 23.2 15 Croatia 45.3 MWth <100 45.3 MWth <100 United Kingdom 0.8 <5 0.8 15 Denmark 21 MWth <100 33 MWth <100 Croatia 7.0 <10 6.8 <10 Lithuania 48 MWth <100 48 MWth <100 Portugal 14.2 10 18.5 10 25 Mwe 25 Mwe Bulgaria 33.4 <5 33.4 <5 Portugal 1.5 MWth <100 1.5 MWth <100 Slovenia 66.8 MWth <100 66.8 MWth <100 Czech Republic 2.1 <5 2.1 <5 Sweden 33 MWth <100 33 MWth <100 Denmark 6.9 <5 5.5 <5 Belgium 6.1 MWth <50 6.1 MWth <50 Greece 13.1 <5 11.5 <5 Bulgaria n.a. <50 n.a. <50 Lithuania 3.8 <5 1.7 <5 Czech Republic 4.5 MWth <50 4.5 MWth <50 Cyprus 0 0 0 0 Spain n.a. <50 n.a. <50 Estonia 0 0 0 0 Cyprus 0 0 0 0 Finland 0 0 0 0 Estonia 0 0 0 0 Ireland 0 0 0 0 Finland 0 0 0 0 Latvia 0 0 0 0 Ireland 0 0 0 0 Luxembourg 0 0 0 0 Latvia 0 0 0 0 Malta 0 0 0 0 Luxembourg 0 0 0 0 Spain 0 0 0 0 Malta 0 0 0 0 782 Mwe 794.9 Mwe Total EU 1 126.4 1 170.0 1 195.1 1 270.0 Total EU 2 737.9 MWth 10 970 2 865.8 MWth 11 450 Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 Source: EurObserv’ER 2014

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Socio-economic indicators

114 115

E S

e Erope ret or et ep c t eces te eep eo- pe rets re octe Frce, ctr pp ct os. t ts ctor t ste et pp p to ts potet te pps ste oce ter eer sector. For 2013 It, Ger, See, F oest c ret er stbe, ts pr o oer 550 000 sstes, s epectt os epresse b te 2013. e soc o-ecoo c ccot ErObser’E rtes te et pp Sp . troer so re t ro cer s be o te p. ErOb- Erope str bo E o te Erope et pp sector sector te E-28 t 96 200 jobs € 2.1 billion for 2013 e te ser’E est tes troer t (Erope et p ssoc t o), coers bot r sorce ro and turnover estimated at France s oe o te top rets cotr s te rest GS or- € 400 million and 5 000 jobs. tt ores ore pos t e pros- sorce et pp ct os € 10.39 billion. e jor Ero- or ro sorce et pp - orce te E o 32 000 bse o C report pb se 2013 pects or te co ers. e cct os b ee. rs te United Kingdom r- ost recet sp ob o et t oer 7 000 jobs and over pr ces – portt r er or e It et pp ct t s € 1.3 billion. ose oers to est et e or ete tors r sorce pps – et e ect te tecoo es so te stt o Iestet eoter eer sector 2015. res or Italy re soet s- b et et crese e . s t s te pr e ret or 2013 b 4% oer te pre os er r sorce et pps ecee Germany. Foo te prete o treso, ErObser’E os ers’ tre, r-to-ter rtes te sector t oer € 2.5 bil- et pp stt os crese lon and 11 000 jobs to te 2013, e rot te ber o ro sorce et pp sect o e stt os o br e-to-ter s soet ereeope ter-to-ter et pps It. I t s tbe e e tr e to soe o . Istt os epress te jobs troer jst o r-to-ter et pps ere rete to reers be r-to- r et p 13% er-o-er, cres pps c represet ro 12% te r ret sre to ppro. to- o te tot ret. t rs. GEE-Stt pts te ber o jobs pro e te er srce Sweden s oter b Erope eoter eer b et per te et pp ret. et sect o t 15 800 so ccor to te str sso- c s sector troer o ro c t o SE ore t 96 000 € 1.7 billion. et pps ere so, eert s t crese troer o esp te te pro s tre o € 620 million and 8 700 jobs. ro stt o res te

dimplex Finland, oter Sc E-28, te sector s st ot

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Socio-economic indicators

116 117 1 2 E po et roer

2012 2013 2012 2013

Total heat pumps Employment (direct Total heat pumps Employment (direct Global Heat pumps Global Heat pumps Heat pump market Heat pump market sales and indirect jobs) sales and indirect jobs) market Turnover market Turnover evolution evolution (M€) (M€) France 137 017 32 000 138 072 32 000 Italy -2% 1 825 -3% 2 500 Germany 60 733 12 500 61 140 15 800 France -12% 2 060 1% 2 140 Italy * 1 072 650 10 500 1 043 930 11 000 Germany 13% 1 530 1% 1 700 Sweden 95 107 8 500 96 550 8 700 United Kingdom -4% 1 325 -1% 1 325 United Kingdom 17 799 7 350 17 632 7 350 Sweden -11% 600 2% 620 Finland 57 743 5 500 54 999 5 000 Finland -16% 400 -5% 400 Spain 50 136 4 500 51 984 4 700 Netherlands -4% 500 -15% 400 Netherlands 36 635 3 300 31 190 2 800 Spain -33% 300 4% 350 Denmark 27 936 2 700 27 370 2 500 Austria 11% 210 -1% 250 Austria 14 646 1 200 14 572 1 300 Denmark 23% 220 -2% 210 Estonia 13 495 1 200 14 660 1 300 Estonia 14% 95 9% 110 Portugal 8 047 700 9 221 850 Poland 13% 65 2% 100 Czech Republic 8 077 700 7 006 650 Czech Republic 10% 80 -13% 70 Poland 7 116 600 7 261 650 Portugal -43% 50 15% 70 Slovenia 5 425 500 6 592 600 Belgium 10% 65 -16% 50 Belgium 6 553 600 5 503 500 Slovenia 131% 45 22% 50 Ireland 1 384 100 1 495 150 Ireland 13% 15 8% 15 Hungary 676 <50 783 100 Hungary -18% 10 16% 10 Lithuania 645 50 700 100 Lithuania 8% 10 9% 10 Slovakia 753 <50 960 100 Slovakia 41% 10 27% 10 Luxembourg 140 <50 n.a <50 Bulgaria 0% 0 0% 0 Bulgaria 0 0 0 0 Greece 0% 0 0% 0 Croatia 0 0 0 0 Latvia 0% 0 0% 0 Cyprus 0 0 0 0 Luxembourg 0% 0 0% 0 Greece 0 0 0 0 Malta 0% 0 0% 0 Latvia 0 0 0 0 Romania 0% 0 0% 0 Malta 0 0 0 0 Croatia 0% 0 0% 0 Romania 0 0 0 0 Cyprus 0% 0 0% 0 Total EU 1 622 713 92 650 1 591 620 96 200 European Union -12% 9 415 -2% 10 390 * The high ﬁgure of Italian Heat pumps market is not directly comparavle to the others because it includs systems only used for cooling. Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 Source: EurObserv’ER 2014

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Socio-economic indicators

118 119

IOGS

t Erope te eps o 65 400. e b os rets te It te . Spec c Italy s oter jor b o o b os eer se s Erope o re ot s - Frce s eer s oe o te b os-rete ctrers, cot e. e e ore t c s oter sectors e to ost pro s rets, oo eq pet pro ers project 14 000 erob c esters re te o t roe o Ger, r os e st e t t es sc eeopers. O te oter ser ce te E-28, pro oer soc o-ecoo c res re s ee- tr s or b oete ster ecree oer te 13.5 toe o eer. e ber so re ece b eeop- ject o et . ee ee- tr s s ce te It- o ete ject o pts s ets tere. St ErObser’E s pb se troer res o b os scpe – ot or ste r se to oer 250 tt re est tes s t er ret oer 410 million euro job te better. For 2013 oeer t s pr r bse Ger, Se- e o over 5.8 billion euro or bers pproc 3 500. I s et o trce e ter ct e, te eters, str te Erope b os str. te projecte 1 500 b os pts eer proct o ro b os F . e Frec r- pe to be b t Frce oer ( cres to 1 815 toe), or or ets pper to e bee ee- ccor to t, estte et 3 ers ter e, te soc o-ecoo c res. e est - op prt cr e, eres et te German b os b os scpe ce te str oe sts t te troct o o e sector s 1.75 billion in 2013. s ct. o 2.5 bo ero te b o- sste It e to copse Cop es ere be to oset s-rete ororce t 4 200. e ccor to E so prt o oest c ec e st- r ce terose Cooper ( C) e Erope b os sector s te pr e ret Ger s t os t te r project eeop- report jo t pb se t te ero sbstt s t, e oo e st e et ses ct t es ots e r t s eebe Eer ssoc - ro eer crops tors ces 2014 be ecte Ger. GEE-Stt cote t o ( E) qt e 141 cop es b-procts or c stes. ers to coe. 29 000 jobs stt o o b o- ct e te erob c est o s ot pss ot ce. s sstes, t o sector te United Kingdom. stt o cps jor e tertre o epoet 20 200 epoees or te ese crete bs ess ort rets e pcts o s- ecoo c e o b os pro s o o b oss, ts rr 450 o ero epoet tt o rtes co ers te Erope o s ess co- t epoet ee eerte or oer 2 800 peope. cert so o epoet prees e t o te oter b te se o b os pts o ses troer. oeer, ser sectors. ccor to stt st cs tot o ppro te 49 200, ecetr e opt os toe- ro te Erope os sso- c opert o te- 1. EBA 2013: Biogas report 2013, ter t te t-o o b oete c t o1 tere re 71 000 jobs ce, e spp te oper- December 2013. ject o projects t e b o- te b os sector t te jo- t o o stt or q b oss 2. BMWI / AGEE-STAT 2014: Bruttobes- s e pos t e pets oer te r t to be crete sst e stt os2. chäftigung durch erneuerbare co ers. Ger. s s e e t Energien in Deutschland im Jahr or obsert os s ErObser’E e et b er b os rets 2013 -eine erste Abschätzung- Stand:

est tes ororce o ro te E-28 re octe France, Mai 2014 VKU/Regentaucher.com

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Socio-economic indicators

120 121 1 2 E po et roer

2012 2013 2012 2013

Primary production Employment (direct Primary production Employment (direct Primary energy Primary energy Turnover (M€) Turnover (M€) of biogas (ktoe) and indirect jobs) of biogas (ktoe) and indirect jobs) production trend (%) production trend (%)

Germany 6 421.4 51 000 6 867.9 49 200 Italy 7% 1 900 54% 2 500 Italy 1 178.8 2 600 1 815.4 4 200 Germany 24% 2 075 7% 1 750 France 394.4 3 500 436.7 3 500 United Kingdom 1% 450 1% 450 United Kingdom 1 803.6 2 650 1 824.4 2 800 France 12% 380 11% 410 Czech Republic 374.9 850 571.1 1 300 Czech Republic 23% 100 52% 150 Netherlands 297.5 700 302.8 700 Netherlands 2% 75 2% 75 Austria 206.4 550 196.8 500 Poland 23% 50 8% 70 Poland 168.0 350 181.4 500 Austria -9% 70 -5% 65 Spain 290.9 600 285.5 500 Spain 50% 75 -2% 65 Belgium 157.7 450 189.0 400 Sweden 6% 50 14% 50 Sweden 126.7 250 145.0 300 Belgium 23% 40 20% 35 Denmark 104.7 200 110.9 200 Denmark 4% 25 6% 25 Hungary 79.8 150 82.2 150 Greece 6% 25 0% 25 Portugal 56.4 100 65.3 150 Hungary 31% 20 3% 20 Finland 57.9 100 59.1 100 Portugal 22% 15 16% 20 Greece 88.6 100 88.4 100 Slovakia 9% 15 8% 20 Ireland 55.9 100 48.2 100 Finland -3% 15 2% 15 Latvia 51.9 100 65.0 100 Ireland 25% 15 -14% 15 Slovakia 62.0 100 66.6 100 Latvia 0% 15 25% 15 Slovenia 38.1 100 34.7 100 Romania -11% 10 10% 10 Bulgaria 0.1 <50 0.1 <50 Slovenia -5% 10 -9% 10 Croatia 11.4 <50 16.6 <50 Croatia 0% <5 46% <5 Cyprus 11.4 <50 12.0 <50 Cyprus 0% <5 5% <5 Estonia 2.9 <50 7.2 <50 Estonia 5% <5 148% <5 Lithuania 11.6 <50 15.5 <50 Lithuania 2% <5 34% <5 Luxembourg 13.4 <50 12.8 <50 Luxembourg 16% <5 -4% <5 Malta 0.0 <50 0.0 <50 Bulgaria 0% 0 0% 0 Romania 27.3 <50 30.0 <50 Malta 0% 0 0% 0 Total EU 12 093.6 64 950 13 530.7 65 400 Total EU 16 5 455 12% 5 820 Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 Source: EurObserv’ER 2014

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Socio-economic indicators

122 123

IOFELS

2013, Erope b oes ett o o te b oe rect e e cospt o, te cert t e or epoet tre fuel supply 27 proct o ccor to ErObser’E projec- Icospt o s re b o 2003. prt ro te ct bot te ILC rect e cres - te Ger b oe sector s s tes te cotr. t os, oeer, eopo t c certe rst rop obsere s ce te tt soe jor cotr es e srpts te ret , te reerse 2013. Ses o b oes t t te str e to becoe ess str eps o o te sec- cose to rece te r b oes bsece o ec s eess cer 2013 ecrese oe b Poland (7 500 jobs and 850 mil- epeet o ore resorces tor c strte t te pe- corport o rtes te r tot s o, te b oe str s so 9% Germany. s ecte lion euro o ret oe) t reerse te p ctre co q te cose. ccor , ErOb- bot b o ese eetbe tr co crese ts b oe ers. e tecoo c serE reporte 9.3% ec e o eto. e proct o cospt o. Sweden t - estet tres or E b oe cospt o ts o b o ese s sse to e e ts top sot te copr so seco eert o or ce 2014 oe roeter. e 2013 tote ppro. 3.2 o toes o E corport o rtes st b oes s ts, str or E b oe sector ses troer 2013. obs te proct o o t 11% ccor to te Se s oter r ctr stes re pos- s 14.3 billion euro and work b o ese crese b 1% to 20 000. Eer ec. Frterore, s b ore portt ( pos t e) force of around 100 000 workers oeto proct o s sse 99% o ts b oes cospt o or te Erope b oe str, c be sse s cosert e to eerte epoet or o- s c e to be sst b pro- c o so ree te str est te, t to ccot te ter 5 600 persos ccor to ce. 750 million euro and ro te “e s. oo” ebte spp s e ct t es o te r c- GEE-Stt, so te or rop 5 000 jobs re te otcoe o e te sector e pets or tr sector. rr es t 25 600 jobs or 2013 (p t s pos t e eeopet or te ers to coe. ro 22 700 2012)1. Ses tro- Sc cotr tt s to e te oter sectors, b oe er ro te opert o o b oe e oe t r o ts crs r cospt o Frce re e c t es s est te t 3.7 b o o b oe b 2030 s re stbe t 2.7 o toe 2013 ero or Ger, c re s to eer o ce b oe secr e pos t o te rest E ret. proct o ro r ste so soc o-ecoo c ters. e orest resorces. cotr s so E’s rest b o e- Spain - oter orer e se coser ccot or ore cotr - tr tesse - Ipose port t es o ret - 1. BMWI / AGEE-STAT 2014: Bruttobes- t 20% te E. e rest o ts b oe cospt o, e Ioes b oes chäftigung durch erneuerbare corport o rte s ro 6.5%. oo ec s o to rece ports e pt te rest Energien in Deutschland im Jahr 2013 ErObser’E rtes te str te cotr’s corport o rte pressre o te Erope b oe -eine erste Abschätzung- Stand: Mai t stbe 3.2 bo eros to 4.5% (o ro 6.5%) t str. oeer, ot pro- 2014, http://www.bmwi.de/BMWi/ 30 000 epoees t to te tet o o rec e cers e sr e te e cer- Redaktion/PDF/B/bericht-zur-brut- oe o te rest sector o E pr ces t petro stt os. ErOb- t t te oer o tobeschaeftigung-durch-erneuer- cotr es. ser’E sses sector tro- corport o rtes soe E bare-energien-jahr-2013,property=p er o er 1 billion euro eber sttes. e b oe 2020 df,bereich=bmwi2012,sprache=de,rw

technologycenter ainia ororce st ro 5 000 in E trets t be sse b=true.pdf

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Socio-economic indicators

124 125 1 2 E po et roer

2012 2013 2012 2013

Biofuel consumption Employment (direct Biofuel consumption Employment (direct Consumption Consumption Turnover (M€) Turnover (M€) for transport (toe) and indirect jobs) for transport (toe) and indirect jobs) trend (%) trend (%)

France 2 685 992 30 000 2 686 865 30 000 Germany 2% 3 680 -9% 3 700 Germany 3 048 587 22 700 2 768 334 25 600 France 12% 3 180 0% 3 180 Poland 784 874 5 500 729 498 7 500 Italy -3% 1 300 -8% 1 150 Italy 1 342 568 5 250 1 234 009 5 000 Spain 13% 1 830 -57% 950 Spain 2 100 739 9 450 899 327 5 000 Poland -11% 580 -7% 850 Sweden 620 063 4 150 719 501 5 000 Sweden 16% 560 16% 750 United Kingdom 885 570 3 000 1 014 546 3 500 United Kingdom -16% 550 15% 660 Czech Republic 281 134 2 950 272 772 2 800 Netherlands 2% 660 -5% 600 Belgium 329 879 2 000 330 849 2 000 Austria 6% 500 5% 345 Portugal 287 020 1 850 278 307 1 750 Belgium 2% 310 0% 310 Denmark 223 818 800 223 616 1 500 Denmark 73% 220 0% 280 Finland 206 696 1 500 231 325 1 000 Portugal -9% 270 -3% 260 Romania 202 544 950 206 356 1 000 Czech Republic -6% 270 -3% 250 Slovakia 101 042 700 135 442 1 000 Finland 2% 250 12% 200 Austria 457 844 1 000 480 372 900 Romania 0% 180 2% 190 Lithuania 60 517 850 58 675 800 Greece 21% 120 11% 130 Bulgaria 85 899 750 85 899 750 Slovakia -18% 100 34% 130 Greece 124 606 500 138 746 700 Ireland -14% 80 20% 100 Hungary 122 671 800 106 705 600 Hungary -50% 75 -13% 70 Netherlands 334 790 700 319 528 600 Lithuania 35% 60 -3% 55 Latvia 19 217 550 18 821 500 Slovenia 47% 50 10% 55 Ireland 60 174 300 72 443 400 Luxembourg 3% 45 14% 50 Slovenia 51 627 200 56 942 350 Croatia 2% 30 -11% 25 Croatia 33 468 300 29 804 250 Cyprus 1% 15 -1% 15 Luxembourg 47 031 200 53 504 250 Latvia -14% 20 -2% 15 Cyprus 16 136 <50 15 907 <50 Bulgaria -42% 10 0% <10 Estonia 0 <50 0 <50 Estonia 0% <5 0% <5 Malta 4 419 0 4 419 <50 Malta 0% 0 0% <5 Total EU 14 518 924 97 050 13 172 512 98 900 Total EU 0.8% 14 950 -9.3% 14 340 Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 Source: EurObserv’ER 2014

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Socio-economic indicators

126 127

EELE SE

e t o te c ert o 2013, sest or pr O te sectors, te soc o-eco- o ste (or te reebe tre. ost otb ErObser’E o c pcts o eer recoer b oss sre cot e t) o tore pr tre et ro reebe c p ste s cos ere b te eebe eert o. et ses to str ct re te rest to est te. Eer rect e to cotr bte to et etors re 2013, s- ortte b te t e t s te reebe eer stt st cs. est tt te ser betee pb ct o et to press, te ot pr r eer proct o te c ert o pts te Coeert o o Erope ste- te E (eectr c t et ro et etors proe. et to-Eer ts (CE E ) st c ert o pts) crese ro otpt crese 7.8% oer 2012 to ot reese te b - pte 8 657.4 toe 2012 to 8 965.8 toe rec 2.4 toe. o c ErObser’E bses ts Theo Moye

epoet est tes. Oer sbstt bse o ste tret- ssoc t o ( E) qt e te ErObser’E est tes ore et pts str pers bor oe o ste-to-eer- or ess stbe ororce total- ct e troot Erope. rete ct t es t oer 6 500. ling around 15 450 jobs. jor cotr es t st ste c - e United Kingdom s sse e Netherlands proces 51 toe ert o cpc t es, te eter- to e te rest reebe o reebe eer per tos s te o, re ste-rete epoet ee. b tts, te cotr ee port ste or eer jo t report b r ce terose

AVR/van gansewinkel groep AVR/van recoer, e Frce oers Cooper te eebe Eer

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Socio-economic indicators

128 129 1 E po et

2012 2013

Primary energy Primary energy production from Employment (direct production from Employment (direct renewable municipal jobs only) renewable municipal jobs only) waste (ktoe) waste (ktoe)

United Kingdom 691.0 6 500 683.7 6 500 Sweden 769.5 2 900 820.2 2 900 Netherlands 849.7 1 300 855.3 1 300 Italy 806.8 900 827.6 1 000 Belgium 333.1 700 294.8 650 France 1 252.9 660 1 173.1 650 Denmark 490.1 700 494.0 600 Spain 175.7 750 157.2 500 Austria 143.7 500 129.9 450 Portugal 86.0 100 96.7 200 Czech Republic 83.7 100 82.9 100 Hungary 45.0 100 40.7 100 Ireland 44.4 100 48.7 100 Bulgaria 20.8 <50 21.0 <50

fortum heat lietuva fortum heat Finland 193.0 <50 222.0 <50 Luxembourg 17.1 <50 17.0 <50 oe o te ost ct e E pers p rtes terte betee Poland 32.5 <50 35.6 <50 prs eer recoer ro 1-3% cotr es e eters, oseo ste, rece e , See, str Slovakia 18.6 <50 19.4 <50 855.3 toe 2013. e cotr s er be ecess o Slovenia 7.5 <50 7.4 <50 soe o te ost oer c e- 90% Ester Erope eber Lithuania 0 <50 11.0 <50 rt o pts tt ere prpose- sttes: o , r , Lt es e or eer recoer. L t , so t. Malta 0.7 <50 1.0 <50 ErObser’E est tes te jobs Germany 2 595.6 n.a 2 926.6 n.a te sector te cotr t 1 300. Iestets e c ert o Croatia n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. cpc t es re te p pe e ost s cte te ErObser’E otb te o e- Cyprus n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. eebe c p ste ro- res Ger te eters Estonia n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. eter (eceber 2014), ste-tore str t oercpc t eer recoer te Erope sses. It te soe t e Greece n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. o s ptcor por beore t s eq str bt o s Latvia n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. becse o te po t c er- eee ot. Romania n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. eces o tretet etos so ee tert o o te e Total EU 8 657.4 15 710 8 965.8 15 450 eber Sttes. c p ste n.a.: not available. Source: EurObserv’ER 2014

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Socio-economic indicators

130 131

SOLI IOSS

ospt o o so b o- to ro € 36 billion for 2013 ssoc te t te “et re pts to b oss pts ct o te r eer. s t e et e pcts or te Css ( c oo, oo (p ro € 32 b o 2012). F”prore e bee e- spp eer rer ots o rter strete te o s ers to coe or te Ger b o- ste, oo peets, bc qor, ccor , epoet rose to oe te eeopet o eectr c t et. e rer s b oss str, ErObser’E ss str. bsse, ste oter 315 000 jobs, press e cosote sector recet ers. ee 21 000-strong biomass work- e s t t € 1.9 billion and pt tter res es) te t ts roe s jor sorce pts troer t ro te € 5 b - force sector troer tt s 19 500 jobs 2013. Austria s oe t Erope e st o jeo- Erope o crese o bor or te E sorces, o ero r epoet rece er € 3.5 billion. e o te e cotr es t et e pr te str pote- 2013, b 2.4 Mtoe year-on- e o r otpc t 52 500, c es t te o t Italy speree soc o-ecoo c t. e I t estors t b year to 88.4 Mtoe. oss s te potoot c sector. rest E b oss bor ret. te Erope o eps o str report cote 13 000 sst b t cr ter –ot epec- ts core ts jor roe or e United Kingdom cot es b oss eectr c t proct o jobs € 1.35 b o b oss te t 2020 – te Erope b o- Erope poer et spp. t oe o te b est orest to proote b oss or eer 2013, e p or te rop e spp, € 950 o 4 500 ss sector s t stst . ErObser’E est tes tt te sectors Erope, France s se, pr r o oo e se Se s, o s tc ot- jobs or b oss bo er c- oeer, te b t to pro e ecoo c e ttr bte to poer cotr ters o or et (5 000 oo- re pt. It so etres bot tr tre € 130 o terrpte eer spp eer-rete ct t es te so b oss. eers e bo ers ste) ee ore peet str. I te bsece o 500 jobs or peet stoe - eopo t c cos ert os (s E c e spp ots or b oss coeert o s tes tro te coers o o coso oc t, ErObser’E ctr to rr e t € 2.430 mil- port epeece r s o sses € 2 billion and 20 000 lion and over 18 000 jobs or te pr ces), es b oss seep jobs or t s e terre cotr. t tt co e p t cotr, t bot ctors t e t ee ore pos t e soc o- cer p o 2012. Germany’s so b oss sector, ecoo c pcts or te E. e str ’s, re e stbe. Sweden tesse oer ct - r r eer otpt ec e t ts orestr str s t to 10.9 toe. Oer ec e eer otpt. St te epoet (51 600 jobs c- Sc cotr s te top e spp) bres o to 1. BMWI / AGEE-STAT 2014: Bruttobes- troer rs (€ 2 650 million) 28 600 or te s-sce b oss chäftigung durch erneuerbare b oss-rete epoet sstes str 23 000 or Energien in Deutschland im Jahr te E (27 500). Poland s st te re b oss et /poer 2013 -eine erste Abschätzung- Stand: oe o te top Erope o b o- pts (sstes costrct o, ope- Mai 2014 ss eer procers (6.8 toe) rt o tece) ccor http://www.bmwi.de/BMWi/ t ost o t s otpt co to GEE-Stt1. e et re sector tr- Redaktion/PDF/B/bericht-zur-brut- ro co/b oss co-r pts. oer b oss et eectr - tobeschaeftigung-durch-erneuer- e reebe eer e st o c t eert o ots to oer bare-energien-jahr-2013,property=p ebe eeopers oers € 8.1 billion. oeer, e st e df,bereich=bmwi2012,sprache=de,rw

AGCO/Valtra o e reebe stt os to ces to te EEG st 2014 b=true.pdf

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Socio-economic indicators

132 133 1 2 E po et roer

2012 2013 2012 2013

Primary energy Employment (direct Primary energy Employment (direct Primary energy Primary energy Turnover (M€) Turnover (M€) production (ktoe) and indirect jobs) production (ktoe) and indirect jobs) production trend production trend

France 9.779 52 250 10.842 52 500 Germany 7% 7 525 11% 8 140 Germany 10.931 51 700 10.902 51 600 France 6% 4 430 0% 4 930 Sweden 9.563 28 350 9.211 27 500 United Kingdom 4% 3 475 -4% 3 475 Finland 7.937 23 500 8.117 24 350 Sweden 15% 2 745 2% 2 650 United Kingdom 1.849 19 000 2.153 21 000 Austria 6% 2 550 16% 2 430 Italy 7.249 12 200 7.448 20 000 Finland 3% 2 280 3% 2 350 Poland 6.988 20 500 6.834 19 500 Italy 4% 1 180 -2% 2 000 Austria 4.806 18 600 4.749 18 100 Poland 8% 1 990 -1% 1 900 Spain 4.964 14 500 5.443 16 000 Spain 0% 1 405 10% 1 600 Romania 3.795 10 400 4.233 12 500 Romania 0% 1 010 12% 1 225 Portugal 2.342 7 000 2.347 7 000 Portugal -11% 680 0% 680 Czech Republic 2.153 6 450 2.293 6 900 Czech Republic -11% 600 6% 670 Latvia 1.870 5 200 1.750 5 200 Latvia 0% 505 -6% 510 Hungary 1.385 4 300 1.454 4 400 Denmark -1% 400 5% 450 Denmark 1.478 3 250 1.503 3 500 Hungary 0% 415 2% 425 Belgium 1.413 3 300 1.408 3 300 Bulgaria 17% 300 0% 350 Netherlands 1.112 3 300 1.118 3 300 Netherlands -1% 320 1% 325 Lithuania 0.992 3 000 1.041 3 100 Estonia 8% 300 5% 310 Bulgaria 1.109 2 900 1.300 3 000 Belgium 10% 300 17% 300 Estonia 1.012 3 000 1.067 3 000 Lithuania 1% 290 5% 300 Greece 1.000 3 000 0.847 2 700 Greece 6% 290 -15% 250 Slovakia 0.801 2 150 0.818 2 200 Slovakia -9% 210 2% 230 Croatia 0.694 2 100 0.704 2 100 Croatia 1% 200 1% 200 Slovenia 0.560 1 750 0.583 1 750 Slovenia -1% 160 4% 170 Luxembourg 0.047 150 0.055 150 Ireland 3% 60 16% 60 Ireland 0.196 100 0.195 100 Luxembourg 3% 15 -1% 15 Cyprus 0.005 <50 0.005 <50 Cyprus 0% <5 -6% <5 Malta 0.001 0 0.001 0 Malta 0% 0 -25% 0 Total EU 86.032 302 000 88.422 314 800 Total EU 5% 33 640 3% 35 950 Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 Source: EurObserv’ER 2014

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Socio-economic indicators

134 135

ter te oe pero ro 2005 to 2010 e reebe eeres recore stro eer procto ecooc rot, ter eeopet s soe o r te recesso. I 2013, te reebe sectors eer resste e - te epoet ecooc ctt ees coprbe to 2012.

E LO E OE

e o r tre ree be re te epo - ororce (t 40 000 job osses). Fr ce s te seco ot Erope troer o 9 obsere ES et cote or te tr e r ro. t rest ES epo er (177 000 jobs t 15% o E tecooes te 28 E eber st tes s est- ro 1.148 o s rect or rect tot ) ooe b te (99 000) c s oe te to e re ce ro € 138 bo r epo e E’s ree be eer sector, ErOb- p r , It t 95 000 jobs. 2013 c s ts soe € 4.8 bo ess t ser’E s recore oter ece o ro 2012. s reects te eer pctre o st to 54 000 jobs betee 2012 2013. e potoot c e rot o ree be eer re te epo et oer estet st to cttes str s te sector t te est job osses te E-28 cotes to t e bre ter, e t s ros sectors s obsere preos e rs. It s (77 000 troot Erope) oter tecoo- st s c t ecooc p er. e r p rot so ret respose to bet cts resos o es t e rot ( poer: c e r tes obsere te rst ec e o te cetr cr- ree be eer spport s stes. L st bt ot e st, 7 000 jobs), (bo ss: c e 14 000), e t ret see ot o re c. e oet or job oer troers rror soe st ces te pps (c e 4 000 job) ere ce r be cre to ro troer t eere ro proctt o E eqpet procto oer to copes te or ts rter rop. e sector ce rer oret to to rs te r p ep er e st to prces, s s te c se so r po- s o ee ore ce r st ce ro te rest ter to rets o s , Sot erc toot cs. r to te cotres, Ger (oer sectors, e bo ss (312 000) eer ore recet rc t t re st rt to ppe r o € 31 bo) st os te o’s s re o 25% o oer (302 000). It s ort ot t t bo ss too te top te ob ree be eer p. It re s to be ES-re te troer te E bt s ost s c t posto or ccot o soco-ecooc p cts see o r te E 2030 t rets st te te p rts. Fr ce, e e r s seco (€ 17.6 bo or te rst te. Loo t te cotr strbto, ret to o ree bes. ere s o obt t t 12%), ooe b (t € 15.4 bo or 11%), espte e te t be, Ger (363 000 jobs), s te reso o te Erope Esso r S ste It (€ 13.9 bo), e r (€ 12.5 bo). so sere ost ro te ese o ts -re te (ES) s qtesset or rter ret rot ere s te oer oet o eer-ro r- ets s coe to t, te Erope ree be eer sector st represets jor e o estet. t e 2030 t rets te ortco reso o te Erope Esso r S ste, te pctre s ot too be or te et e e rs. oeer te stres e bee orce to pt to e ret cotos te ter to re s e s e poc r eors. rwe/andreas teichmann ctrasa andorre

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Socio-economic indicators

136 137 EMPLOYMENT

2013 strbto o epoet b sector

Small hydro Geothermal Country total Solid Biomass Wind power Photovoltaic Biofuels Heat pumps Solar thermal Wastes ** os power energy

Germany 363 100 51 600 137 800 56 000 25 600 15 800 49 200 13 100* 12 500 n.a. 1 500 France 176 850 52 500 20 000 26 400 30 000 32 000 3 500 3 850 6 700 650 1 250 United Kingdom 98 700 21 000 36 000 15 600 3 500 7 350 2 800 4 950 800 6 500 200 Italy 95 200 20 000 30 000 10 000 5 000 11 000 4 200 4 500 4 000 1 000 5 500 Spain 60 200 16 000 20 000 7 500 5 000 4 700 500 1 500 4 500 500 <50 Sweden 50 400 27 500 4 500 800 5 000 8 700 300 600 100 2 900 <100 Austria 39 750 18 100 4 500 4 850 900 1 300 500 6 150 2 900 450 100 Denmark 37 500 3 500 27 500 500 1 500 2 500 200 <50 1 200 600 <100 Poland 34 850 19 500 3 000 <50 7 500 650 500 1 000 2 500 <50 200 Finland 32 350 24 350 1 500 <50 1 000 5 000 100 400 <50 <50 0 Belgium 21 250 3 300 3 500 10 000 2 000 500 400 400 500 650 <50 Greece 20 400 2 700 1 400 12 000 700 0 100 1 250 2 100 n.a. 150 Netherlands 19 900 3 300 4 000 6 500 600 2 800 700 <50 300 1 300 400 Romania 18 950 12 500 2 000 2 500 1 000 0 <50 500 250 n.a. 200 Czech Republic 14 700 6 900 250 1 500 2 800 650 1 300 400 800 100 <50 Portugal 14 500 7 000 1 500 750 1 750 850 150 1 700 600 200 <100 Hungary 7 050 4 400 100 <50 600 100 150 450 150 100 1 000 Latvia 6 150 5 200 <50 <50 500 0 100 350 <50 n.a. 0 Bulgaria 5 900 3 000 250 1 500 750 0 <50 400 <50 <50 <50 Lithuania 5 250 3 100 400 700 800 100 <50 150 <50 <50 <100 Ireland 4 700 100 3 500 <50 400 150 100 100 250 100 0 Estonia 4 400 3 000 100 <50 <50 1 300 <50 <50 <50 n.a. 0 Slovakia 4 450 2 200 <50 200 1 000 100 100 250 450 <50 150 Slovenia 3 800 1 750 <50 500 350 600 100 400 100 <50 <100 Croatia 3 400 2 100 400 200 250 0 <50 250 200 n.a. <100 Luxembourg 700 150 <50 300 250 <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 0 Cyprus 600 <50 <50 200 <50 0 <50 0 400 n.a. 0 Malta 100 0 0 100 <50 0 <50 0 <50 <50 0 Total EU 1 148 050 314 800 302 450 158 900 98 900 96 200 65 400 42 850 41 650 15 450 11 450 * Small and large hydro. ** Direct jobs only. n.a.: non available. Source: EurObserv’ER 2014

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Socio-economic indicators

138 139 TURNOVER

2013 troer b sector os o eros (€)

Geothermal Country total Wind Solid Biomass Photovoltaic Biofuels Heat pumps Small hydro Solar thermal os energy

Germany 31 230 8 470 8 140 5 570 3 700 1 700 1 750 510 1 190 200 France 17 630 2 230 4 930 3 780 3 180 2 140 410 450 430 80 United Kingdom 15 385 6 000 3 475 2 700 660 1 325 450 720 40 15 Italy 13 850 1 200 2 000 2 800 1 150 2 500 2 500 750 350 600 Denmark 12 450 10 780 450 605 280 210 25 <5 90 <5 Spain 6 265 2 000 1 600 400 950 350 65 400 500 0 Austria 5 785 875 2 430 510 345 250 65 1 000 295 15 Sweden 5 605 1 200 2 650 60 750 620 50 250 <10 15 Poland 5 285 2 000 1 900 <5 850 100 70 100 230 30 Netherlands 4 840 1 300 325 2 000 600 400 75 0 50 90 Romania 3 480 900 1 225 1 000 190 0 10 110 20 25 Finland 3 365 350 2 350 <5 200 400 15 40 <5 0 Greece 2 185 175 250 1 350 130 0 25 75 175 <5 Belgium 2 130 950 300 380 310 50 35 15 50 40 Portugal 1 660 350 680 70 260 70 20 150 50 10 Czech Republic 1 650 40 670 300 250 70 150 100 65 <5 Bulgaria 825 100 350 250 <10 0 0 100 <10 <5 Hungary 640 10 425 <5 70 10 20 <5 20 75 Ireland 620 400 60 <5 100 15 15 <5 20 0 Slovakia 600 5 230 20 130 10 20 150 <10 25 Latvia 570 15 510 <5 15 0 15 <5 <5 0 Estonia 545 100 310 <5 <5 110 <5 <5 <5 0 Lithuania 535 75 300 75 55 10 <5 <5 <5 <5 Croatia 485 200 200 20 25 0 <5 <5 20 <10 Slovenia 390 5 170 50 55 50 10 25 10 15 Luxembourg 120 10 15 30 50 0 <5 <5 <5 0 Cyprus 70 10 5 20 15 0 <5 0 15 0 Malta 20 0 0 10 <5 0 0 0 <5 0 Total EU 138 215 39 750 35 950 22 030 14 340 10 390 5 820 4 985 3 680 1 270 Source: EurObserv’ER 2014

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Investment indicators

140 141

I ES E IIC OS

For te seco te, ErObser’E presets e, ES stoc ces re presete, tt ctors tt se t o te c e bee costrcte b te ErObser’E se o ES. I orer to so copree- te, c coer te rest Erope se pctre, te estet ctors coer rs or te jor ES. s strtes to broer spects: te stto o pbc tre eqt - te rst rop o ctors retes to E tecoo proc rs. e t estet te ppcto o E tec- se or te costrcto o te ces s ooes (e.. b poer pts) ; coecte ro te respecte to stoc - te seco rop o ctors sts te eces s e s pbc tbses (e.. ocs tors te eeopet te oo Fce). It so be etoe tt procto o te tecooes tesees te t o sset ce C/ E est- (e.. proc sor oes). et presete ts eto cot be Frst o , estets e bt cpct copre to te t te preos e- or ES sectors E eber sttes re to o te Stte o eebe Eeres coere er sset ce. sset ce Erope. e reso s tt te tbse t bse o te oober e Eer eoes cotos. s es tt, Fce (EF) t bse coers t- eeer orto o estet es t-sce estets reebe eer, preos ers s o, t s e to te bsc estet poer pts. tbse to e t s copreese s e seco prt strts to se estet possbe. ece, te estet res or E tecoo b pro etre cp- 2013 presete st er’s eto ts t prte eqt ( C/ E) estet eto tr er. t s ere ro EF or ES or te E s oe orer to cptre te - cs o te E ret or e tecoo project eeop copes.

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Investment indicators

142 143

Iestet eebe Eer rojects

sset ce coers estet to ree be e te c p ct be e. I soe c ses te eer eer to projects t tt sc e. It coers costrcto st rts e te, e seer te ES-sectors: , so r , CS , so bo ss, c ses c e s se or project, ere bo s, ste-to-eer projects t c p - costrcto st rts seer ots (or soetes ct o ore t 1 estets boes e rs) ter. ece, te t o te ssoc te c p - t c p ct o ore te oe o tres per ct e sos te est te c p ct e b e r. Frterore, te er t s e -b se te sset ce e s cose te respecte e r. , or te estet c tors presete ere, s c p ct t be e eter re te res- copete e s 2012 2013 ere coere. pecte e r or te oo e rs. Frterore, s e s t t or ce projects te c cert ot o te e es re ot e s ree po se, so te c scose. I tese c ses, est tos (b EF) re s secre. ote t t ts oes ot e c to sse to te respecte projects.

etoooc ote

sset ce s erette b tree tpes: cop s resposbe to p b c te o b ce-seet ce, o-recorse project te project s re sep r te ro te b ce ce, bos oter ppro ces. I te seet o te eqt proer (sposor). F , rst c se, te respecte poer p t s ce te tr tpe o sset ce, e / ter te ro te b ce-seet o tpc re eer c ec ss re c ptre s bos cop or tt. I ts c se te tt t (t t re sse to ce project), r tees, borro oe ro b s – s cop e s, etc. ese strets p so r er – resposbe to p b c te o . o-recorse or roe te E , p rtc r cop rso project ce pes t t soeoe proes to te S, ere te ret or bo ce or eqt to se prpose cop ( ec te ES projects s rter eeope. eerteess, project cop ) ts project cop ss tese strets re c ptre to otor ter or to b o s. ere, o te project roe te E .

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Investment indicators

144 145

I OE 1 sset ce tt-sce ets re ce ro bce 33% o 2013 estets O er e o sset ce te poer sector (osore + osore) te E eber sttes cpct ste ost seets (68% 2012 65% et to o sore rs. e 2012 2013 costt betee 2012 2013. 2013) eres project ce ssocte cpct e rose ot estets poer ccots or ppro te oe to ess e tet b o 3.5% ro 2012 2013 pts ote to € 13.6 bo tr o estets (32% 962 2012 to 996 or 2013 copre to € 14.2 bo 2012 35% 2013). Loo t sset ce es cose 2013. Asset Asset 2012, e recto o te ber o projects rees Finance - Number Capacity Finance - Number Capacity 4.5%. e pctre ces, oe- tt project ce s eer coser oo t o sore New Built of Projects (MW) New Built of Projects (MW) (mln. €) (mln. €) er, e oo t te ber se or rer projects. I bot estets rees s ct o projects tt ecrese b ro- ers, project ce coers o ereces copre to osore. Germany 2 555.85 68 1 256.5 4 367.74 70 1 764.0 20% ro 354 projects 2012 or sre o te projects e ost str erece s United Kingdom 3 396.18 83 1 718.9 3 397.37 65 1 566.3 to 282 projects 2013. rect (12% 2012 15% 2013) te project se. e ere coseqece o ts obserto s, ece tese projects re o estet osore Sweden 1 140.33 22 784.9 1 171.67 19 734.2 o corse, tt te ere est- ere rer tt te bce pt s € 33 o (€ 30 - France 648.23 33 576.7 1 065.88 39 629.4 et se crese betee te seet ce poer pts. o) 2013 (2012), sset ce Romania 907.66 10 643.6 625.04 7 552.3 ers. e ere estet F, te er or roe o es o sore ote to, o poer pt 2013 bos oter sset ce ere, € 471 o per pt Ireland 461.13 13 381.0 515.07 9 380.2 s € 48.2 o copre to tpes s er obos te 2012 ee crese to € 502 Netherlands 132.61 5 121.7 480.80 1 129.0 € 42.2 o te preos er. sector, to s poste o 2013. Frterore, o s- Finland 273.11 7 143.4 425.71 12 310.3 sr tre to te ce te tre c be obsere. I 2013, ts ore cpct s ro tree ber o projects c be obser- tpe o c ccote or tes s e pese s osore Greece 0.00 0 0 382.77 3 37.9 e or te cpct e. e 0.7% o oer sset ce co- cpct. e ere e petre Poland 1 064.44 28 818.9 379.43 9 294.0 sset ce es cose 2013 pre to 0.2% te preos er. or 1 osore cpct Denmark 417.49 23 274.1 338.80 23 321.4 trste to estte cp- s € 1.49 o (€ 1.33 o) ct e o 7.09 G copre to OFFS OE CCI EE 2013 (2012) copre to € 4.54 - Italy 777.22 24 655.8 232.27 8 199.7 cpct e o 8.84 G sso- IES OE EESIE o (€ 3.92 o) 2013 (2012). Portugal 579.09 3 362.1 124.34 12 118.0 cte t sset ce 2012. OS OE Austria 314.54 7 280.5 43.57 2 27.0 et ts otbe ecrese erett betee o sore Loo t te tpe o c cpct e o ost 20% to osore estets os or o sore rees te ret- Spain 479.72 13 373.4 18.64 1 5.0 te ost costt tot est- rter sts. I bot ers, e er portce o project Czech Republic 19.18 4 17.6 14.55 1 13.8 ets bot ers ctes oer estets osore c copre to osore Belgium 907.75 7 288.8 7.44 1 6.2 crese estet cost per ere rer t o sore. projects. roject c cpct. ere est- t cotrst to osore, tere ccote or 58% (54%) o Bulgaria 144.38 2 132.5 0.00 0 0 et e petres per ere s cres tre estets estets 2013 (2012). s s Luxembourg 15.04 2 13.8 0.00 0 0 € 1.92 o 2013 copre to o sore rs. O sore ot srprs sce project - Total EU 14 233.94 354 8 844.0 13 591.08 282 7 088.4 € 1.61 o 2012. estets crese b ost c tes to be ppe or re Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 20% ro € 3.77 bo 2012 to projects. s so boe, o sore Copr te tpes o sset € 4.52 bo 2013. ece, so poer pts reqre o ere ce or te E 2012 te sre o o sore tot s ct er estets GE EES E OLE ts poe posto sset c ce es Ger tt 2013, te stto sts estets et p s ct. tt osore pts. OSIIO FO E to eer ro te te ost obe ro € 2.56 bo ost te se cross bot ers. e 2012 te sre o o sore Loo t te breo b jor o. s s e to te ro to trs o est- estets s 26%, ore t cotres, Ger s rete s ct crese cose sset

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Investment indicators

146 147

o € 1.14 b o 2012 € 1.17 b - 2 o 2013 e te t r est S re o eret tpes o sset ce t e poer sector e estets te E (os ore + os ore) t e E 2012 2013 bot ers. Iestets cpc t Frce tote € 648 - 2012 2013 o 2012, bt e per ece jor crese to € 1.06 b o 2013. s Asset Asset es tt Frce r e ort Finance - Number Finance - Number t respect to sset ce or New Built of Projects New Built of Projects (%) (%) 2013. Balance Sheet 67.93% 88.14% 64.60% 82.62% Oter sccess stor es o 2013 re Ire, te eters, F , Project Finance 31.90% 11.58% 34.67% 15.96% Greece tt s creses Bond/Other 0.17% 0.28% 0.73% 1.42% sset c . rt cr Total UE 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% oteort re te Gree est- Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 ets o € 383 o 2013, te 9t est te E, s ce tere ere o cose sset ce es or recore te pre os er. estets so s - ct crese F ro € 273 o 2012 to € 426 - o 2013. Oe str spect o F s estets s tt, e estet crese b ro 56%, te ssoc te cpc t e ore t obe. I Ire sset ce crese ore oest b ost 12% to € 515 o 2013. S ce te ber o projects ecrese ro 13 2012 to 9

gdf suez 2013, t s crese s r e b cos erbe crese 2012 to € 4.37 b o 2013. se tre c be obsere te ore sector ere 75% o cose te ere project s e. F , te o t s crese Ger c be osore sector, ere sset sset ce es ere recore sset ce ss te eter- ttr bte to 2 er re osore c ote to € 1.35 b - te Ger 2012. I s o € 133 o 2012 r es 2013 ot o 2012 € 1.39 b o 2013 t s sre ee et p to 89%. € 481 o 2013 re ct to to € 2.63 b o c s ro 2013. t tese estets, copre. I 2012, tot estets € 1.1 b o ore estets Ger te o te I CESE OF I ESE re copr se o 5 osore osore t 2012. I te te estets te E. ot I F CE, SEE EES rs eres 2013 o oe o, ere te est E- e cotr es toeter ccote or IG LEEL cose sset ce e or estets ere recore 42% o estets 2012 I See, sset ce ste osore r s obsere. 2012, estets ste ee 57% 2013. e s tt o s o costt ee. ot

ost costt t € 3.4 b o. e ee ore prooce te os- estets e cpc t areva multibrid/jan oelker

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Investment indicators

148 149

3 ECIO S I I ESE S Oere o sset ce t e poer sector (os ore) t e E eber sttes 2012 2013 I SEEL CO IES S Erope cotr es t so 2012 2013 sset ce ots 2012 ce rst c ecreses sset Asset Asset ce 2013. s tre s cer- Finance - Number Capacity Finance - Number Capacity t ost oteort or It New Built of Projects (MW) New Built of Projects (MW) o, s ce bot cotr es (mln. €) (mln. €) er estets 2012: Germany 1 496.10 3 412.0 2 634.36 2 576.0 € 1.06 b o o € 777 - o It. I bot cotr es, sset paul langrock United Kingdom 1 347.94 3 306.8 1 387.16 5 285.5 ce cpc t e to Netherlands 0.00 0 0 480.80 1 129.0 ro oe t r o te pre os ere estets e ro € 579 e estet ss 2012 Spain 0.00 0 0 18.64 1 5.0 er’s es, e € 379 - o 2012 to € 124 o 2013 re ore ct to copre o o € 232 o 2013. I er , estet te cse o e . e Belgium 823.27 1 216.0 0 0 0 It. e ber o projects ecrese ore oerte cert s s ct rec- Portugal 104.02 1 27.0 0 0 0 e t te se te te to € 339 o 2013. t os sset ce. Iest- Total EU 3 771.33 8 961.8 4 520.96 9 995.5 bot cotr es. Oter cotr es I te pre os er, estets et s to o € 7 o c ese rect os ere € 418 o. et s 2013 (copre to € 908 o Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 estets re Sp str , estets to te oe E, oe- 2012). s rst c erece ere, te orer, sset ce er, so tt t s ecrese s st estets, oeer, s e e ro € 480 o 2012 to ess rt c copre to oter to te ct tt tere s bee o € 19 o 2013 , te cotr es. e er te er re osore estet tter, estets ecrese ro 10t est estets 2013, 2012, ot to € 823 o, € 314 o (2012) to € 44 o. t s o r e 12t te pre- c s te r er o te e s tt o s s r or ort, os er. tot estet 2012. Loo o t osore estets, tt ere € 85 o 2012, te rop 4 estets s st s ct, S re o eret tpes o sset ce t e poer sector bt ess rt c. (os ore) t e E 2012 2013 Iestets ste ret e 2012 2013 costt t o ee te Cec epb c: € 19 o 2012 Asset Asset ost € 15 o 2013. F , Finance - Number Finance - Number L ebor r , ere New Built of Projects New Built of Projects € 15 o € 144 o o (%) (%) estets ere obsere Balance Sheet 46.19% 75.00% 41.73% 77.78% 2012, o ce es or cpc t ere cose 2013. Project Finance 53.81% 25.00% 58.27% 22.22% Bond/Other 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Total UE 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 vattenfall/jorrit lousberg lousberg vattenfall/jorrit

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Investment indicators

150 151

O O OL IC 1 e s sset - I ESE S or pts roppe b 60%, te Oere o sset ce t e p otootc sector t e E eber sttes 2012 2013 ( pts) c o sor , to po ts O SICLL ssoc te cpc t e e t re prt cr portt to be sset c or t t-sce sbstt ser te. 2012 2013 ept . F rst o , sset potoot c cpc t s - e ssoc te cpc t e o c o cot s t t- ct ecrese ro 2012 to 2012 sset c s 3.13 G Asset Asset sce estets. ece, 2013. E- e estet e copre to 2.23 G or 2013, Finance - Number Capacity Finance - Number Capacity s-sce estets s roo- t t-sce cpc t tote c correspos to ec e b New Built of Projects (MWp) New Built of Projects (MWp) (mln. €) (mln. €) top stt os tt e p te ost € 7.6 b o 2012; te 29%. et estets to cp- rest sre stt os estets 2013 o ote c t, te pr ces becse United Kingdom 1 139.78 87 485.0 1 732.02 119 1 320.5 ost o te E cotr es re to € 3.1 b o. s correspos to prt cr ob os. e te Romania 276.67 21 120.0 447.62 34 325.3 ot ce te sset ce ecrese o 60%. e ot o ere estet per oe t. ece, or te rst t e, projects so ecrese b 34.08% s € 2.42 o 2012, te 2013 France 1 389.88 30 537.7 385.90 27 251.4 ErObser’E reports E e ro 355 projects 2012 to 234 proere estet or oe Italy 512.69 40 209.1 262.34 16 172.0 estets coerc jects 2013. e ere est- s o € 1.37 o. s cor- Germany 2 962.35 85 1 252.0 163.14 19 112.9 res et stt os. s et to sor poer pts respos to rop o ro 43% t pro es est tes o - roppe otb ro € 21 o t o oe er. Spain 92.15 10 33.6 38.55 9 32.0 c or s-sce st- per project 2012 to ere Greece 219.21 22 93.9 15.53 5 11.45 t os t cpc t es beo 1 . estet s o € 13 o Loo t te tpe o sset Poland 0.00 0 0 6.65 1 4.0 s, t s copeetr to te 2013. Frterore, te srp ce sos tt bce seet sset ce t tt cptres ecrese pr ces or ro c s te pre-o t Czech Republic 5.30 1 2.3 3.98 3 3.3 poer pts t cpc t es 2012 to 2013 c be see cer o c poer pts Austria 0.00 0 0 3.92 1 1.0 boe 1 . te t. to sset c bot ers, to ts sre Belgium 10.86 2 4.7 0 0 0 Bulgaria 904.82 53 366.9 0 0 0 Denmark 2.57 1 1.1 0 0 0 Netherlands 3.50 1 1.5 0 0 0 Portugal 41.10 1 17.6 0 0 0 Slovakia 2.33 1 1 0 0 0 Total EU 7 563.20 355 3 126.3 3 059.65 234 2 233.8 Source: EurObserv’ER 2014

s t ec e ro 75% 2012 ro bce seets. s s ot e t o s-sce est- to 68% 2013. Coseqet, pro- srpr s s ce project - ets sos tt tese st- ject c e portce. c tes to be pp e or re t os p b r ore portt Its sre crese ro 24% projects. eres t est er roe te sector. F c 2012 to 32% 2013. S ce project or sre o estets or s-sce stt os s c o cptres 20% (15%) 2012 s ce tro bos ore t or t es er t o projects 2013 (2012), project (0.7%), o projects 2013 se t s sset ce or poer pts ce estets re o tpe o c .

enovos/noesen georges enovos/noesen ere rer t tose ce

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Investment indicators

152 153

2 3 Sp , te s tt o s ct Oere o sset ce t e p otootc sector t e E eber sttes 2012 2013 Share of different types of asset ﬁnance in photovoltaic sector ot ce c e oo (coerc reset ) in the EU member states in 2012 and 2013 coser to te t. ot te - ber o projects prt cr te ssoc te cpc t e 2012 2013 2012 2013 bre ce (33.6 2012 32 2013). Investment Capacity (MW) Investment Capacity Asset Asset (mln. €) (mln. €) (MW) Finance - Number Finance - Number New Built of Projects New Built of Projects I o, te Cec epb c, Total EU 33 484.48 11 563.55 13 024.35 7 014.52 (%) (%) str s estets t - Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 Balance Sheet 75.13% 84.23% 68.31% 80.34% t-sce , r ro € 3.9 - o to € 6.7 o, co be Project Finance 24.13% 14.65% 31.69% 19.66% t cpc t es ore t 1 . 2012 to te otst ot obe o o re b obsere 2013. I to o tese, oeer, so tese estets o € 1.73 b o 2013. ese ro 50% te . Bond/Other 0.74% 1.13% 0.00% 0.00% o str , o est- e roppe s ct ro estets e tt ore t Total UE 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% ets ere recore or 2012. I € 33.5 b o 2012 to € 13 b - 56% o E sset c es I ESE S FLL Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 te Cec epb c, oeer, te o 2013. S r to pts, or pts c be ttr bte to I OS E CO IES 2012 estets 2012 ere s ct rop costs or te . e sre s s r or e t to oter cotr es tt e pe- er t € 5.3 o copre s-sce stt os c be te ber o projects s e s r ece ec es e est- ec e s ct, bt ess r- te ssoc te cpc t e to € 4 o 2013. F , tere obsere. to c te cpc t e. s crese ets, b r te ost str t c t Ger. e It o r ec e ro re e rter cotr es ( e , ec e b 61% betee 2012 estets ctpts te cotr s Ger. I 2012 ost sset ce ote to € 1.4 b - 209 2012 to 172 2013. er , te eters, ort- 2013, te ecrese cp- ro ts 4t r 2012, to te rst 40% o E sset c or o 2012, o € 386 o ere Ee ore rt c re te rops , So ), ere ret e c t e o e b 40%. ece, r e o t cotr t poer pts ppee este t t-sce 2013. estets te oter to s estets betee € 2 - te ere stt o costs e respect to sset ce or . e Ger. ece, Ger s t e to te oer ecrese cotr es, prt cr Greece, o € 41 o co be otb. O ere, € 2.9 o tot sset ce ssoc te e e o oter E cotr es te E, Frce re s te t r ere sset c spe obsere 2012, eres o ct - ere spet te E or 1 o t e cpc t o 1.32 G . t respect to t t-sce r e cotr t respect to ro € 219 o 2012 to o t t respect to sset ce s-sce 2012 copre to estets. Fro 2012 to 2013, estets, c strtes te € 16 o 2013. to s recore or 2013. o € 1.9 o 2013. t estets ost ob sset ce or bro e o b oer tre te E betee estets so e s ct ro € 277 o 2012 to € 448 ore t 94% ro € 2.96 b o bot ers. Loo ore cose E ES o 2013, o s te to o € 163 o. s ecrese t te t or Frce sos, tt E OLE OSIIO seco est estets t - s r e b to eects. e - t s ec e s r e b t respect to sset c t-sce te E 2013. I ber o projects ecrese ro ss e ec e te s e o or t t-sce estet, te tt er, sset ce es or 85 projects 2012 to 19 2013. pts, s ce te ber o projects E sos rter pess st c 34 projects ere cose o- Frterore, te ere project ste ost costt cross bot p ctre. O to cotr es trst to cpc t s e ec e rst c. I 2012, ers (30 2012 27 2013). Fr- estets poer pts e o 325 . Copr te te ere project s e Ger- terore, te ssoc te cpc t crese betee 2012 2013. e cpc t es ssoc te t s € 35 o copre e o e b 53% eres te e top 2 cotr es t respect te respect e estets 2012 to o € 9 o 2013. tot estet e b 72%. to sset ce or re te 2013 tese top 2 cotr es te o o . rees o s ct te e- e rop estets s s r jor ecreses e est- ot cotr es re s e te to re estet costs ec e rt c Frce r . I et sor pts co o sccess stor es o 2013 t bot cotr es. ot te r , ere € 905 o ere be obsere It, Sp , pos t e estets tres. I te o te ssoc te cp- este pts 2012, o Greece. I It estets , t t-sce estets c t e ost tr pe. I co- sset ce t s obsere e ro € 513 o 2012 to

re ro er € 1.14 b o pr so, sset c ess t 2013. I Frce, estets so € 262 o 2013. I cotrst, q cells andre forner

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Investment indicators

154 155

GEO EL EEG

s tecoo ses eoter- – r, It, Ger – to oter projects. Frter est- eer or et sset c or eoter ets tt er ere obsere or eectr c t eert o. eore poer pts s bee obsere. It Ger. I te or- scss te sset c or t t s s to cert e tet er, sset c ote eoter pts te E, te e t te potet s or eo- to € 35 o e te project tpes o estets ce ter eer, c re ret - Ger s prt cr s te er t e to be e tose tree cotr es. t ess t € 8 o o tot eret te. e t ces estet. or tpes o eoter est- e tot e estets 2012 ets, e: (I) eectr c t eere est te to e to e Copre to oter tecoo es, rt o ro eoter eer, cpc t o 36 . e cost per sset c or eoter (II) str ct et , (III) cob e s er € 3.4 o. eer s rter o. e ct tt et poer (C), (I) tere s o potet cert ece eoter sstes coser oo t te tpes o re os te rter o ce- (EGS)1. sset c , t s str tt t es or t s tecoo co oe or eoter est- e tt te estets te Geoter eer s stro ets 2012 ce ro bce pco ers t st o. re o ocs te E. r seet ce. te rest ser o eoter eer s It, to oter I 2012, te est e est- 1. EGS technologies exploit geothermal E cotr es so se t s eer et eoter eer s resources in hot dry rocks (HDR) sorce to cert e tet. I 2013 recore r. s est- through ‘hydraulic stimulation’

o estet es ere reporte et o ost € 81 o s pr- rag-archiv 2012 o tree cotr es t cr re e copre 2 1 Share of different types of asset ﬁnance in the geothermal sector Oere o sset ce t e eot er sector t e E eber sttes 2012 2013 in the EU in 2012 and 2013

2012 2013 2012 2013

Asset Asset Asset Asset Finance - Number Capacity Finance - Number Capacity Finance - Number Finance - Number New Built of Projects (MW) New Built of Projects (MW) New Built of Projects New Built of Projects (mln. €) (mln. €) (%) (%)

Hungary 80.68 1 11.8 0 0 0 Balance Sheet 100.00% 100.00% 0% 0% Italy 35.02 1 20 0 0 0 Project Finance 0.00% 0.00% 0% 0% Germany 7.88 1 4.5 0 0 0 Bond/Other 0.00% 0.00% 0% 0% Total 123.58 3 36,3 0 0 0 Total UE 100.00% 100.00% 0% 0% Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 Source: EurObserv’ER 2014

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Investment indicators

156 157

IOGS 2 e s sset - 1 e or ore te eerte eec- IOGS I ESE S Oere o sset ce t e bos sector t e E eber sttes 2012 2013 (boet e) c o b os, t s esse- tr c t et. I t o to LOS LE t to crcter se te projects poer pts or et / or sset c or t t-sce 2012 2013 tt re coere b te t. eectr c t tt se b os, tere b os cpc t ecrese ro ccor to te t bse, te re so pts tt o ot pro- 2012 to 2013. E- e estet Asset Asset oo or tpes o b os ce eectr c t, bt rter pro- b os, ret b os Finance - Number Capacity Finance - Number Capacity t t-sce estets re ce b os (b o ete pts) poer pts pts pro- New Built of Projects (m3/hr) New Built of Projects (m3/hr) (mln. €) (mln. €) trc e: (I) eectr c t eert o e port t to te tr c e port s to te (e) – e b t b os pts s r . oeer, te tter re tr s r , tote € 100 - United Kingdom 10.02 1 12 000 14.88 1 n.a. t 1 e or ore tt eerte b r te or t te t. o 2012, eres estets eectr c t, (II) eectr c t eer- For te 2013 2013 t, e.., 2013 ote to € 53 b o. Total EU 10.02 1 12 000 14.88 1 0 t o (retro t) – coerte poer tere s o oe project o tt s correspos to ecrese n.a.: not available. Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 pts sc tt te c (t est s recore te oe e estets o ost 50%. prt) se b os (so ces E. oeer, to o or st - e ber o projects, oeer, rerb se b os pts), (III) s betee tese to tpes ste costt t 7 projects re project s e 2013 s o te to trste to 155 , te b os bot ers. Oe e cep- et – b os poer pts t o b os estets, to tbes bot 2012 2013. ece, te e- r ore t € 6 o. 2013 estets re sppose t o s te tt ps por- cpc t o 30 t or ore re presete, oe t sset re project s e o b os est- to eerte e cpc t o o tt roe b os estets eert et, (I) cob - ce or b os poer pts ets ec e. e ere ot b os proc pts ere 13 . It s, oeer, ct to bot ers. e s o cotr e et poer (C) – b os oe or c t es proc estet b os t t s ce ro bce seets. copre te cpc t es. e re- ere sset ce es or b o poer pts t cpc t o b os. ost € 15 o 2012, te e- t respect to b os poer so s tt te F s estet ete pts tt e port t to pts, project c s te 2012 s e cept o, s ce t s te tr s r ere obser- tpe o c bot 140- b oss-s ct o c - e 2012 2013. Iestets 1 ers. I 2012, 68% tot sset t tt s coecte to e st ot to € 10 o 2012 Oere o sset ce t e bos sector t e E eber sttes 2012 2013 (bos pts) ce s project ce, co poer pt, ere te b o- € 15 o 2013, respect e. eres te re 32% ere s be cobste o t 2012 2013 ce ro bce seets. I co. O tt t s spec c t, t respect to b os poer 2013, te sre o project ce estets b os pts o pts, te s s e por- Asset Asset tot estets ecreses, ecrese s t ro € 48 - tt per bot ers. t Finance - Number Capacity Finance - Number Capacity bt st re s te tpe o 2012 to € 38 o 2013. sset c o € 23 o or New Built of Projects (MW) New Built of Projects (MW) o ce t ore t 56%. e ssoc te cpc t e, or poer pts 2013, te s (mln. €) (mln. €) ce seet c s se or oeer, sts ost costt respos be or ro to t rs United Kingdom 26.74 2 7.5 22.87 4 9.2 te re 44%. I bot ers, t 15 2012 14 2013. o tot b os pt estets te tot estet s coere tt er. e ’s 2013 est- Italy 0.00 0 0 9.04 1 3.3 b project c e cees te SOIC I ESE S ets re est te to trste Romania 6.32 1 3.0 6.14 1 1.5 respect e ber o projects. COSS E E to cpc t e o 9.2 . I Finland 40.92 1 140.0 0 0 0 ece, project c s se ore et e oo t te t 2012, te r e seco t or te, o ere, rer projects. rees to str po ts cocer- estets tot € 27 o. France 6.10 1 2.0 0 0 0 te s tt o o e est- oeer, s scsse boe, te Poland 9.34 1 2.4 0 0 0 e cpc t e ssoc te to ets b os pts. e est estet 2012 F - Total EU 89.42 6 154.9 38.05 6 14.00 te estets b os poer estets re rrer s er spec c t tt pts so ecrese rst c. cross te E – tere re ost Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 e 2012 sset ce s est - o cotr es t estets

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Investment indicators

158 159

s ct to copre to te oter 3 estets. ot sset c S re o eret tpes o sset ce bos sector t e E te trstes to cpc t 2012 2013 (bos pts) e o 7.5 . 2012 2013 e cotr t te seco rest estet 2012 s Asset Asset It ere sset c o Finance - Number Finance - Number € 9 o s recore or oe New Built of Projects New Built of Projects (%) (%) e b os pt. e cotr t estet o € 6.1 o Balance Sheet 31.94% 50.00% 43.54% 50.00% s o . sset ce It Project Finance 68.06% 33.33% 56.46% 50.00% o s e pecte to trste to cpc t o 3.3 Bond/Other 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1.5 , respect e. Total UE 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 ewe

I 2012, tree oter E ebers, 4 t o to te F , S re o eret tpes o sset ce t e bos sector t e E e per ece estets b os 2012 2013 (boet e) poer pts, e o , Frce, o. I o te, 2012 2013 sset c s secre or oe project, respect e. Iest- Asset Asset ets ere € 9.34 o Finance - Number Finance - Number o, € 6.32 o o , New Built of Projects New Built of Projects (%) (%) € 6.1 o Frce. e estets tree cotr es Balance Sheet 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% p to cpc t e o 7.4 . e t to te , o s Project Finance 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% te o E cotr t est- Bond/Other 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% ets 2012 2013. Total UE 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 valtra/lauri jokela

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Investment indicators

160 161

IOF ELS 2 oes re q trsport- tpes o b oes re reporte e ssoc te cpc t e b t s, 65% o b oeto est- S re o eret tpes o sset ce t e boese sector t e t o es tt ce b o e- seprte to tbes. ost to t rs ro 1,206 Lp ets ere project ce E 2012 2013 se b oeto. oes er 2012 to 441 Lp 2013. copre to 35% bce seet re ro te oter reebe O GOO E ce estets. 2012 2013 eer tecoo es, ere sset FO IOFELS e tpes o c se or c s ost et re e - Loo t b oes s oe, estets b o ese b oe- OOSI G E S FO Asset Asset e s estet poer pts ret estets b o e- to 2012 s ct er, IOIESEL IOE OL Finance - Number Finance - Number tt proce eectr c t (or se b oeto pts, s - eres bot b oes so te st s betee te New Built of Projects New Built of Projects (%) (%) e cses so et). ct rop sset ce c be se p ctre or 2013. I 2013, tpe o b oe – b o ese For b oes, te sset c obsere. e tot € 934 - estets bot b o ese b oeto/-eto – s - Balance Sheet 58.33% 80.00% 43.54% 50.00% s estets pts tt pro- o ere este 2012, sset b oeto pts ere ce ct erece te estet Project Finance 41.67% 20.00% 56.46% 50.00% ce b oes. ece, t e ces c e rst c to o et re ro bce seets. tres betee 2012 2013 procers o b oss tt s se € 117 o 2013. s corres- I 2012, oeer, bot bce becoes ob os. I 2012, sset Bond/Other 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% s pt or b oes. ccor pos to ecrese b ost 88%. seet ce project ce ce or b oeto proct o Total UE 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% to te t bse, te oo I cotrst to tot sset ce, re se, bt reerse - Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 to tpes o b oe t t-sce te ber o projects o e te. Iestets b o ese estets re trc e: (I) e- to 4 projects 2013 ece te pts ere ce ro se sbst ttes (II) so e/ ere estet s e e ro bce seets (58% o est- petro sbst ttes. For te rst € 117 o per project 2012 to ets). e re 42% ere t e t s e t o, tese to o € 29 o per estet. project ce. s oppose to

1 Oere o sset ce t e boese sector t e E eber sttes 2012 2013

2012 2013

Asset Asset Finance - Number Capacity Finance - Number Capacity New Built of Projects (mLpa) New Built of Projects (mLpa) (mln. €) (mln. €)

Italy 0.00 0 0 99.75 1 378.5 Greece 0.00 0 0 10.36 1 39.3 Netherlands 0.00 0 0 4.69 1 17.8 Finland 214.39 2 170.0 0 0 0 France 191.54 2 213.2 0 0 0 Germany 16.21 1 59.5 0 0 0 Total EU 422.14 5 442.7 114.80 3 435.60

Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 martin brockhoff/bielefeld university

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Investment indicators

162 163

3 pts pe te ore portt est b o ese estets Oere o sset ce t e boet o sector t e E eber sttes 2012 2013 roe oer b oes est- 2012 co be obsere F ets. O te oer € 937 - t to projects o € 214 o 2012 2013 o, € 422 o ere este tot. I Frce, estets ere b o ese pts eres € 516 t ost te se ee. sset o ere este b oet- ce es or to b o ese Asset Capacity Asset Finance - Number of (mLpa) Finance - Number Capacity o pts. I 2013, b o ese es pts ere cose ot to New Built Projects New Built of Projects (mLpa) p or ost te oe o sset € 192 o. F , estets (mln. €) (mln. €) ce or b oes t € 115 - o € 16 o co be obsere Sweden 0.00 0 0 1.77 1 5 o, copre to o oe s Ger. I 2013, te oer Netherlands 182.91 1 500 0 0 0 sset ce e o ess t s ct ser estets € 2 o or b oeto. ece b o ese pts ppee

Poland 74.03 1 63 0 0 0 te rt c o b oe est- It, Greece, te eters. martin brockhoff/bielefeld university United Kingdom 258.83 1 200 0 0 0 ets betee 2012 2013 s I It, te b r rest s o Total EU 515.77 3 763 1.77 1 5 r e b b oeto. € 100 o s este. sset te te o, te eter- ce es Greece te s, o. to Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 I cse o bot tecoo es, eters ere s ct ec o tese cotr es o oe estet e pe tres per Lp ser ot to € 10.4 - sset ce e co be obser- ecrese t bot ers. oe- o € 4.7 o, respect e. e, te respect e estet s e to estet costs ecrese s ret e re. e rest ro € 0.68 o per Lp 2012 e o sset ce e or estet o € 259 o ppe- to € 0.35 o 2013. Iest- s b oeto proct o pt e te ooe b et e pe tres or b o ese 2013 s obsere See, € 183 o estet te pts ecrese ee ore ro ot to € 1.8 o. I 2012, eters. e sset ce € 0.95 o per Lp 2012 to te sbstt er est- e o ote to o € 0.26 o per Lp 2013. ets b oeto ppee € 74 o. ese ces estet per Lp, oeer, so be terprete t ct o. e reso 4 s tt te t so ces Share of different types of asset ﬁnance in the bioethanol sector retro t re er es, e.., re er es in the EU in 2012 and 2013 tt se to proce petroe bse ese, bt ere coerte 2012 2013 or b o ese proct o. For tese projects, estets per Lp re Asset Asset tp c s ct oer. Finance - Number of Finance - Number New Built Projects New Built of Projects (%) (%) E EEOGE EOS SIIO COSS E E Balance Sheet 35.46% 33.33% 100.00% 100.00% t respect to te oct o o sset ce or b oes, t s Project Finance 64.54% 66.67% 0.00% 0.00% str tt or bot b o ese Bond/Other 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% b oeto, tere s ot s e E Total UE 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% cotr ere sset ce es Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 novozymes/andrea cavalli novozymes/andrea ere cose bot ers. e

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Investment indicators

164 165

EELE S E

r to te so b oss t, ject bs s. oter eeet to ote te ber o projects crese eer pts, srp crese 2 Ste sset c t o s tt ste to eer pts br ess t tot sset ce, te te portce o project ce S re o eret tpes o sset ce t e ste sector t e E ste-to-eer t ces or c p ste c s coe- ere estet to ste- becoes ob os. re 2012, 2012 2013 tpes o t t-sce estets: (I) t o eee to ce 50% to-eer poer pts crese project ce s se or te eectr c t eert o (e) – e sre o ste ro reebe or - otb. ere estet jor t o estets: 72% o 2012 2013 b t pts t 1 e or ore . s prt presets estets ote to ore t € 117 - estets ere project ce tt eerte eectr c t, (II) et – rete to pts, ot to te proc- o 2012 ost obe to copre to 28% ce ro Asset Asset ter pts t cpc t o t o o reebe ste te br. € 202 o 2013. I e t bce seets. I 2013, te se o Finance - Number Finance - Number 30 t or ore eert et, tese ces sset c , project ce ee s por- New Built of Projects New Built of Projects (%) (%) (III) cob e et poer I ESE S OE te ssoc te cpc t e tce. 97% o estets (C) –poer pts t cp- OLE rose s e. 2012 estets ste-to-eer pts re s Balance Sheet 27.82% 66.67% 2.93% 12.50% c t o 1 e or ore to eerte I cotrst to oter reebe re ssoc te t est te project ce strctres. O 3% Project Finance 72.18% 33.33% 97.07% 87.50% eectr c t et. I prct ce, eer sectors, sset c or cpc t e o 133 copre bce-seet ce. s te recore estets ste- t t-sce ste-to-eer cp- re to ore t 245 2013. te oter sectors, te rer est- Bond/Other 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% to-eer pts 2011 2012 c t s ct crese ro et te cpc t e ets ere ce tro Total UE 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% beo to te cteor es (I) eectr - 2012 to 2013. E- e estet sset ce or tese projects, project ce, eres ser Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 c t eert o (e) (III) C. e ste-to-eer cpc t r ecrese o estet estets ere bce seet e reso or t s s r t te tote € 705 o 2012 co- costs per ste becoes ce. e ter estets cteor es o so b oss, pre to tot e estets o ppret. Iestets per 2012 or 2013 se bos or pt 2013. et est- ste-to-eer, b os s € 1.62 b o 2013. e t s ere € 5.28 o 2012 cop- oter tpes o sset ce. ets to te tot E estets e to te ct tt te er s ct crese tot est- re to € 6.6 o 2013. sos te o ce o te t sorce oes ot st s ets, te ber o projects rose E EI S sset ce t s sector: 84% o betee te tree str es. s ore oerte ro 6 projects Loo t te tpe o c E OI LE E e estets or ste- sret o s oe o pro- 2012 to 8 projects 2013. S ce se or estets ste-to- e ost str obsert o to-eer pts ere obsere cocer sset ce or ste- te . to-eer s tt, e tere re 1 tree cotr es t estets e oter to cotr es t sset Oere o sset ce t e ste sector t e E eber sttes 2012 2013 2013, te s te o E-cotr ce or ste-to-eer 2013 ere ste-to-eer sset - re F Frce, ere 2012 2013 c s recore 2012. t estets tote € 214 o e t coser oo t 2013, € 47 o, respect e. I Asset Asset te s cce o te est- bot cotr es oe project s Finance - Number Capacity Finance - Number Capacity et ste-to-eer pts recore. Copre to te ere New Built of Projects (MW) New Built of Projects (MW) (mln. €) (mln. €) bot ers becoes ob os. I te project s e te , € 226 o, , € 1.36 b o ere este te estet F , te United Kingdom 704.90 6 133.4 1357.29 6 150.0 s ste-to-eer pts. ece, Frec pt s ret e s. e Finland 0.00 0 0 213.78 1 78.0 te ost obe te est- ssoc te cpc t es o F s ets o 2012. S ce te ber o Frec estets re 78 France 0.00 0 0 47.41 1 17.3 projects s te se bot ers, 17 , respect e. Total EU 704.90 6 133.4 1 618.48 8 245.3 te crese estets s e to ost obe Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 project s e o € 226 o per

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Investment indicators

166 167

SOLI IOSS 1 e s sset - copr so o ssoc te cpc t cse or to projects 2012, oe Oere o sset ce t e so boss sector t e E eber sttes 2012 2013 c o so b oss, t e 2012 2013 s rter er oe te , tt s esset to crcter se te ct. O te rst s t, te - p to 930 . I tese cses, 2012 2013 er t beore scs- erece betee 1.47 G 2012 te estet e pe tre per s te ces estets o 282 2013 sees to s s ct oer t or Asset Asset et s. F rst o , te sset be b r too re ber e b b oss poer pts. Finance - Number Capacity Finance - Number Capacity New Built of Projects (MW) New Built of Projects (MW) c or b oss scsse te estets bot ers. e t s ce tese so to te (mln. €) (mln. €) ere soe ces estet reso or t s erece s tt, b oss cpc t, te re so to so b oss poer pts. s et oe boe, te t so ce te tbes. I te - United Kingdom 626.53 10 702.7 872.48 6 173.3 ece, tere re o estets cot s estets to coer- s s beo, oeer, te be France 0.00 0 0 461.36 4 99.9 b oss proct o cpc t t e st poer pts (e.. e ce t cert po ts ee- Sweden 627.80 2 282.0 19.19 1 7.0 te t. e t cot s co) to se b oss. s s te er t sbe. or tpes o b oss t t-sce Belgium 0.00 0 0 1.65 1 2.0 estets: (I) eectr c t ee- Denmark 74.50 1 300.0 0 0 0 rt o (e) – e b t b oss Germany 82.04 3 19.9 0 0 0 pts t 1 e or ore tt eerte eectr c t, (II) eectr c t Hungary 99.16 1 35.0 0 0 0 eert o (retro t) – coerte Poland 21.25 1 7.5 0 0 0 poer pts sc tt te c (t est prt) se b oss (so Romania 48.18 2 89.1 0 0 0 ces rerb se b oss Spain 145.69 2 35.0 0 0 0 pts), (III) et – b oss poer Total EU 1 725.15 22 1 471.2 1 354.67 12 282.2 pts t cpc t o 30 t Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 or ore eert et, (I) cob e et poer (C) – b oss poer pts t e ere estet to s € 2.24 o 2012 € 4.8 ere s ct rer t cpc t o 1 e or ore tt b oss poer pt crese o 2013. tose ce ro bce seet. eerte eectr c t et. ro € 78 o per project I 2012, o b oss estets 2012 to ere estet e t coes to te tpe o - ere ce tro bos. I FLL OF I ESE S s o € 113 o 2013. e c o so b oss estets, 2013 te sre o project ce I IOSS erece betee bot ers s jor erece betee 2012 bce seet ce est- sset c or t t-sce ee rer, te to coerte 2013 s ob os. I 2012, te jor t ets s ost et c. S ce b oss cpc t ecrese ro poer pts re e ce, c o estets, e 73%, bt project ce cptres 58% o 2012 to 2013. E- e estet rests ere estet s ct ser sre o pro- projects copre to o 36% or e so b oss cpc t tot- o ost € 61 o 2012. ot jects, 36%, ere project ce. bce seet c , te e- e € 1.73 b o 2012, eres ssoc te cpc t e o e I te cse o bce seet - re project s e s ser or pro- estets 2013 ote to b t b oss pts (e c c , te s tt o s, o corse, ject ce es, c s rter € 1.35 b o. s correspos to coerte pts), ost e reerse. O 27% o est- tp c. F , ost 7% ecrese estets o ore ro 541 or sset c ets 2012 ere ce ro sset ce es ere ce t 21%. e ber o projects 2012 to o 282 2013. O bce seets, bt ost 64% o tro e tt bos. so ost e ro 22 projects ere, te estet or oe projects. ece, te s e o pro-

2012 to 12 projects 2013. e agco/valtra/jari kivelä o o e b t b oss ject ce estets s o

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Investment indicators

168 169

€ 115 o. F , er s 2 estet o € 1.7 o co be S re o eret tpes o sset ce t e so boss sector obsere e 2013. t e E eber sttes 2012 2013

SIG IFIC I ESE 2012 2013 ECIO I SEE I cotrst to Frce te , Asset Asset cotr es, ere ce Finance - Number Finance - Number es or b oss pts ere New Built of Projects New Built of Projects (mln. €) (mln. €) cose 2012, s o estets 2013. e est rop Balance Sheet 27.14% 63.64% 46.74% 33.33% estets co be obsere See. t € 628 o est- Project Finance 72.85% 36.36% 46.36% 58.33% ets, See s e te Bond/Other 0.00% 0.00% 6.91% 8.33% bor sset ce or b oss Total UE 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 2012. Se s estets e Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 rst c to € 19 o 2013. reso t be tt te to pts or c sset ce s secre 2012 ere prt cr re ot to 282 o cpc t e. t be b o- ss cotr, t s ot re st c tt Se s estets o p 2014.

agco/valtra Frter cotr es t estets 2012, bt o cose sset E F CE recore, tere ere oe to or 2013 s ost e t es er ce es 2013, re er , OI E I ESE S projects o. e o e cept os t te pre os er. Frter- Ger, r, o, o- I s te , ere s ct ore ore, so te ere estet , Sp . I tese ore et e oo t te t cose sset ce es or b o- per e b b oss pt cotr es estets oe to rees to str po ts cocer- ss pts co be obsere te crese s ct. tree b oss pts, respect e, te s tt o o e est- e ere project s e ( tot co be obsere 2012. e ets so b oss pts. e ece, ot srpr s , te est te retro t pt) 2012 s o est estets ere coc- estets re ot o eteroe- estets 2013 ppee € 21 o copre to € 145 - te Sp , ot to eos cross te E – tere re te , ot to € 872 - o per project 2013. e seco € 146 o. Iestets te bot cotr es t prt o. s s otbe crese est estets b oss re cotr es re ro creses ecreses est- copre to te estets o 2013 ere obsere Frce, € 21 o o to € 99 - ets – bt so t cotr es – € 627 o 2012. Le ot ere tot € 461 o ere o r. tere s o oe cotr t te coerte r t s pt 2012, este. I 2012, oeer, o sset s r estet ots oeer, rests estets ce es ere cose. e 2013 2012 2013. Frterore, o o € 187 o tt er. estets re ssoc te t ost o te cotr es, ere e ece, e cos er o e cpc t e o 100 res-

estets so b oss ere b t pts, sset ce te t ere project s e o vku/regentaucher.com

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Investment indicators

170 171

COCE E SOL OE L S

ocetrte sor poer (CS) spec c ttr btes, CS poer o tot sset ce ce ro Cpts se cocetrte s pts re o pro tbe er bce seet ce. os t to et trser s re os. ece, Sp s so oter tpes o ce ot p orer to r e poer eert o r te o E-cotr, ere – roe te CS sector. eq pet. CS c be ere- t e e cept os ( t te or eret tecoo- prototpes) – CS poer pts e ere project s e CS s es. e ost tp c tecoo re be operte. G e te str spersees te tp - s prbo c tro. s teco- copete c o estets c projects oter reebe o ses prbo c tro rrors 2013 t s sector Erope, t s eer tecoo es. s obser- tt cocetrte te sor et s tt o s e to st. t o sos tt CS poer pts oto rece er p pes tt cot ee cert s e sc tt te c rct (et trser) . I 2012, sset c or CS c be operte ecoo - tert e s te prbo c poer pts s o recore c e c et . Frterore, s tecoo, ere prbo- Sp . I 2013, o cotr te prbo c tro tecoo c s rrors cocetrte sor reports e. I Sp t s s te b r ost o t tec- et tors s e po t rece - seere rop s rect ttr b- oo se, c coes s o er. e t r tecoo s ce tbe to te ortor c ct srpr se s ce t s re te Frese. s tecoo coce- o c or Sp ’s cse or te re e st trtes t t o, t rrors reeb-sorce poer pts pts. I 2012, e est- o er bsorber tbe. F , s ce 29 r 2012. e 2012 ets prbo c tros ere

te toer e ostt teco- estets trste to se. e costs per ote 3m o ses e o s trc 174 o cpc t. to € 5.3 o 2012. rrors (e ostts) tt cocetrte te et o cetr rece - s r s tpes o sset ce or 2 er set o toer. e to te r CS re cocere, 2012, 82% Share of different types of asset ﬁnance in the CSP sector in the EU in 2012 and 2013 1 2012 2013 Oere o sset ce t e CS sector t e E 2012 2013 Asset Asset 2012 2013 Finance - Number Finance - Number New Built of Projects New Built of Projects (%) (%) Asset Asset Finance - Number Capacity Finance - Number Capacity New Built of Projects (MW) New Built of Projects (MW) Balance Sheet 81.59% 75.00% 0.00% 0.00% (mln. €) (mln. €) Project Finance 18.41% 25.00% 0.00% 0.00% Spain 915.78 4 173.5 0.00 0 0 Bond/Other 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Total 915.78 4 173.5 0.00 0 0 Total UE 100.00% 100.00% 0% 0% Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 Source: EurObserv’ER 2014

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Investment indicators

172 173

OE O O LIC FICIG

I eer, t c be s tt ore cope to eter e et s ES projects t ts t o etee 2012 2013, E e est- estets (ro to trs o pb c ce st tt os p o trsct os, te e- reebe eer proot o ets tt-se reebe eer estets 2013), te estet portt roe cts ct t es o tese b s c ct t es p to tot o co- projects e ecrese b ost 22%. cost crese te sector otes ob s estet se soe t o pb c ce tets or reebe eer e 2012 e estets tote oter sectors t ecres estet reebe eer. ere re or reebe eer projects. projects Ger o € 7 b o eros strets c re e oo t te e o 2011 € 7.9 b o 2012; € 25.3 bo, sset c s € 19.8 b- costs, s te sector. se b tese st tt os c pb c b s or ES projects, t t s re roppe to € 4.7 b o o 2013. s ece, oeer, s s- re tp c e ter stte-oe so be ept tt te 20138. ct ser copre to te rop For CS eoter o sset c or te b te r t o b s coce projects. estets betee 2011 2012. e s recore 2013. e ss soe oeret. e strets t es tt te projects s eer tre te ct t es b ssocte cpct e ece ee tt te jort o reebe eer re ro pro sbs es/ so rece e c ro oter pb c ce st tt os re rts, eq t to css c coces- sorces, e.. pr te b s. stbe s oe; s obsere ore b 28% ro 13.7 G 2012 to 9.9 G eerto projects re ce ro s o e (os t o- ro te boe, e te est- 2013. s s e to crese estet bce-seets, tpc b re ttes. rbe co t os) or rtees. s E st tt o te EI s s - et reebes ecrese or costs per cert sectors, prtc- Eceptos re boss ste ere e o t stret ters e os or ES projects o- te re o t o pb c r te sector. I 2013, s- project c otes. I eer, 1 o c oe s cocess o t to € 3.7 b o 2011 oer b s, te to Erope pb c ct er sre o estets project ce s se or ser - e . e os pro e b € 2 b o 20122. I 2013, EI b s crese/rese te r et to osore, c s sct ber o projects, tese projects, oeer, pb c ce st tt os re tp - crese te e cte sre reebe eer est- c e t projects tt e to reebe eer to € 6.4 b - et e e, pb c ce er estet costs per . I spte te to be rer. It s cer, eter coerc prospects, bt o o3. I te cse o te E , st tt os re o tors o ts ere crese costs per e ce strets, e.. project ot e ppee tot te t ter b ocss o stroer ocs o s te scrce oer ES, tere re so sectors t bos, e ore portt roe pb c b ’s teret o. Ester Erope, te estet pb c s orer to e ecres estet costs. I te sec- reebe eer c te E . p 4 oe s bot € 0.8 b o pr te estet ob e; tor, estet costs per ecrese to 2013 bos p er or roe ere re ber o pb c € 0.3 b o5 2011 2012 res- e pe s GEEEF, c s t - ce st tt os pro pect e. I 2013, te estet te b te Erope Co ss o b 43%. t e to te te o sset ce or ES. ES estet spport te reebes reebe-re- 2006 se b EI tt E. ese ce, bt re ot te ct t es or E reboe ses see cotr bt os ro te te to, te to Erope to € 0.79 b o6. pb c sector to eere pr te 1. EIB (2011), EIB Activity Report 2011, pp. 21, European Investment Bank; the figure “€ 3.7 billion” is estimated from “Lending pb c b s – te Erope cp t ES/EE estet. for power generation in the EU reached EUR 4.6bn in 2011, with 80% supporting renewable energies” on page 21 of the Iestet (EI ) te I te cse o te or c Iest- annual report. Erope o ecostrct o et , e t ts 2. EIB (2012), EIB Activity Report 2012, pp. 13, European Investment Bank eeopet (E ) – s e ob (ot restr cte to te E) 3. EIB (2013), EIB Activity Report 2013, pp. 27, European Investment Bank s eros re o t o- “C te Ce, Eer E - 4. EBRD (2011), EBRD Annual Report 2011, pp. 16, EBRD; the figure “€ 0.8 billion” is estimated from “The bank provided support pb c b s sc s te or c c ec eebe Eer” to the power sector for a total of € 1.2 billion… the support for renewable energy accounted for nearly 70 percent of the Iestet , , C sse es (CLEEE) e c t s repor- Bank’s power transactions” on page 16 of the annual report. épôts, Css epos t e rest t , te to ot to bot € 1.3 b o 5. EBRD (2012), EBRD Annual Report 2012, pp. 30, EBRD Ist tto e Cré to O c . € 1.1 b o 2011 2012, 6. EBRD (2013), EBRD Annual Report 2013, pp. 28, EBRD e p te tot os er 7. NIB (2012), Nordic Investment Bank Annual Report 2012, pp. 13, Nordic Investment Bank; NIB (2014), Environmental Lending Iestet b pb c ce st - te c t to € 4 b o; b te e BASE & CLEERE, Nordic Investment Bank, http://www.nib.int/loans/environmental_lending_base_cleere tt os or reebe eer pro- o 2012 te c t s oc- 8. KfW (2011), KfW Annual Report 2011, pp. 43, KfW Group; KfW (2012), KfW Annual Report 2012, pp. 34, KfW Group; KfW (2013), jects s eer ce te te t o t o os e KfW Annual Report 2013. pp.59, KfW Group; the figures indicate the volume of loans within KfW’s Renewable Energies sset ce t. to t s 2013 or 20147. ’s e or Programme.

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Investment indicators

174 175

Iestet eebe Eer ecoo

e ErObser’E estet ctors so ocs ets etre cp t pr te eq t o te o escr b te c o te eeoppet oe , o te eot o o ES rs ste o te proct o o te ES tecoo es tesees. stoc r ets o te oter . o t s e, te pro e oer e o te est-

etoooc ote ES I ICES sector. e coce o te rs e c e sector ces re tee to c ptre te sector s oe b te r se e sre ree- E E CIL IE E I trctre ter oper tos or eter e rets. st to cs o te E ret or eqp- es. ece, te ces cot te te rest ErObser’E coects t estets o e ep so c pt s s ort et ctrers project eeopers. e ES-o rs te E te respecte sector. etre c pt pr te eqt s to estet, E b-ots re estets to b etoooc ppro c s to ce ES rs ree be eer tecoo eeop rs. cop . ese estets re ote cco- t t re ste o stoc rets ere t e st e ces re costrcte s L speres-Ices. etre c pt ( C) ocses o er o st rt- p e b re ot o borroe oe e 90% o te rs’ reees ere eer te b ES e o L speres-Ie s to so te p cop es tpc t rss to te s cqsto costs. oper tos. ece, tere t be port t re re te prce c es, sce te et potet retrs. etre c pt c be pro- S p, etre c pt estets t ret rs t t re ot ce te ces. e re - s se b se o te b se es. ece, rs e to b c e o etrepreer beore te ree be eer tecoo rs t te st rt- so s t t tere re eros (p rt er re) re ete b ter reees te respec- bsess s st rte. It be se to e p p se, e pr te eqt s t re te cop es t t proce ree be eer tec- te preos pero. I 2012, te rs re tecoo eeopet or to eeop t tre cop es. e C estets re ooes bt re so cte oter sectors (e.. ete b ter 2011 reees ere s bsess cocepts beore te st rt-p p se. e- tpc s , pr te eqt e s re s ctrers proc trbes, bt s 2013, te 2012 reees re ppe. So te e- tre c pt c be so se te sbseqet rer t t C e s. E-bots re eer te e trbes or coeto poer p ts). ese t s jste eer e r orer to eep st rt-p p se to ce e.. proct eeop- b r rest e s sce sc e tre re ot ce sce ter stoc prces t be te strctre ppropr te. e re so or ts et t ret or te ep so o cop s cqre. tese estets re ece b ter oper tos oter ppro c – cotr st to et te rs bsess. sc , etre c pt s ce toeter se t o te ctt o st rt-p re s t ES. Frterore, tere s so re ccor to ter ret c pt s to – s t t rs st rt-ps t te to se te s res t o ree be eer tecoo rs, rop o s rs t t re ot ste o stoc ts ppro c reects ess te sort ter stoc prot. r te eqt ( E) s tpe o eqt e t s esset to sts betee te rets c ece re so ot ce ere. ret ct tos bt r ter ocses o o- t t s ot tr e o stoc rets. Geer , tpc re E b-ots te oter est- For te sector ces, ES rs re oc te ter eeopets s t s ts ss t t E s t ore tre cop es t C ets e s te C/ E estets te re o (or ) cte te respecte cocetr tes o te eeopet o to e rs. c e to to tpes. E ep so c pt te ES sectors. s c cop es t t p to ep or res-

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Investment indicators

176 177

E E C I L I E E I

etre cp t (C) ere ser 2013: e ece, te reebe eer sec- rete oo t te C/E t estets copre to te ets b o 39% betee 2012 pr te eq t (E) est- 2012 C/E estet s o tor sees to be ore ct s ecessr. I 2012, te b r oter C/E es. I te 2013. et reebe eer e ere € 37 o, t s o s tt o t tt t e copre rest ss o C/E estet sector, e.., tere re s jor rt c b 83% te E € 9 o 2013. e t o te to oter sectors. co be obsere te E b-ots 2012 ot EC OLOG E S betee 2012 2013. esp te Erope r te Eq t e- te b oss ste sector. to € 843 o. S r, so e t ore et e t s rt c rop te tot tre Cp t ssoc t o (EC) SGES I C/E I ESE ese estets, oete oss ste sectors oo t te respect e reebe estet s, te rop te sos, oeer, tt oer C/ I orer to et ore copree- er, re r e b pr te tere re or E b-ots o € 809 eer tecoo es, te boe s- ber o C/E es s ess E estet te E ( c- s e p ctre o te eeopet eq t b-ots, tt re est- o tot. ece, o tt csse tpes o C/E estet seere b 30%. s ctes tt sectors) ste ost o reebe eer tecoo- ets to b ( jor t o) ES tese es or te t e be , re portt to be ept . te estets e bee o costt betee 2012 2013. es, coser ore s- cop s p te 2012 C/E estets ece, tot C/E t s o - te sector re € 136 o te b spec c re E b-ot € 24 o or b oss es, t s be resse te ste. ece, t s esset to s s o te respect e sectors. so copre estets bot Frterore, t so be po te ers tot jor E b-ots. ot tt b oss ste-to- S ce E b-ots re prcses eer re ot srete. o cop es or cotro e reso s tt tere re terest o cop’s sres seer cop es tt rece e ppe ter te e-cce C/E s tt re b oss o r, te re C/E ste project eeopers or estets re better pro eq pet eeopers tt pro- or te ot o ct t te e tecoo es or bot b oss reebe eer sectors. ste-to-eer.

e te respect e ES sec- e reebe eer tecoo tors re se beo, t s t te est C/E est- s e p c t eret te ets 2012, , s e per ece betee C/E estets ec s e rop estets C/E estets tot ro 2012 to 2013 b € 750 o. E b-ots. Loo t E e t esp te t s ec e, ept C/E estets tot E ts C/E estet poe pos t o b-ots, tt re etre cp - 2013. s ot e boe, te er t E e ps o cp t, re estets 2012 estets 2012 re € 490 - copre to 2013 – s e s ost o copre to € 300 o oter ES sectors 2012 – re e 2013. ece, te jor t o te to te ct tt te sector e pe- erece oer estets r ece soe re E b-ots betee € 2.25 b o 2012 tt ot to € 842 o € 378 o 2012 s e to r- 2012. ece, te ecrese tot er E b-ots 2012. t ee C/E estets c be ost ter o tt E b-ots, te

DR t sos ecrese est-

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Investment indicators

178 179

1 e ort sector t C/E est- I cotrst, It, te , et re cpt prte eq t estets reebe eer per tec oo t e E ets 2013 s b os. Copre Frce re te top or 2012 2013 to te oter sectors scsse cotr es 2013. e est C/ boe, te cse o b os s es er E estets ere obsere 2012 2013 s ce bot ers o E b-ots It, e 30% o 2013 est- ere obsere. C/E estets. e seco est C/E Venture Capital / Number Venture Capital / Number ets roppe s ct ro c 2013 ppee Ire- Private Equity Private Equity € 186 o 2012 to € 15 o. tt jo s te top or ecoo- (mln. €) of Projects (mln. €) of Projects S ce te ber o es ot es 2013. F , t s str Wind 978.65 15 222.27 10 ecrese s c, te ere C/ tt s ct ot o C/E Biomass & Waste 833.60 11 15.81 8 E estet te b os sector es ere obsere Frce sr otbe. I 2012, ere te , toeter ccot or Biogas 186.11 9 14.85 4 estet s ost € 21 o, ro 60% o C/E es Solar PV 96.01 16 74.98 16 copre to € 4 o 2013. te E. e sre o C/E est- Small Hydro 25.84 3 0.00 0 ets te top or cotr es CSP 4.41 1 0.00 0 F , to sectors C/E 2013 s ost 86%. estets co o be obser- Geothermal 0.00 0 0.00 0 e 2012. ese estets Biofuels 124.38 6 50.82 5 ere, oeer, ret e s copre to te oter sectors. Total EU 2 249.00 61 378.73 43 I te s ro sector, C/ Source: EurObserv’ER 2014 E estets o € 26 o ere obsere copre to o soe e p e b rect o b-ots bot ers te - C/E estets sos € 4.4 o te CS sector. o re E b-ots. I 2013, oe te o t ppee te crese o estets ro € 17 o te te es s E b-ot b oss sectors 2012. C/E o 2012 to € 51 o 2013. GE , IL, E ot to ost € 78 o. estets tecoo rs OI E E E Copr te ots o e- project eeopers ecrese Oer C/E estets b o- e top or cotr es t respect tre cp t pr te eq t ro € 96 o 2012 to € 75 - ss ste 2012, ot to C/E estets ots e ps o cp t, tt s C/E o 2013. e ber o es, to € 834 o, b r spersee ber o es 2012 re estet tot E b-ots, oeer, re e costt t 2013 estets o o € 16 - Ger, te te o, sos ee crese est- 16. to te e s e ec e o. S r to te te Frce. e Ger ets ro € 136 o 2012 to betee te ers, sor teco- sector, oeer, te re - e per ece te rest oer € 144 o 2013. ece, er er o eeopet ost ept ts ber or 2012 s r e b estets 2012, te est ste estets reebe ee betee bot ers. re E b-ot es. O tt ot o es ere obsere eer tecoo rs ept te r tese or E b-ot es o te te o s tce te r te, to -oer C/ e sector t te t r rest C/ € 809 o 2012, te re pos t os. ost 88% o C/E E estets soe jor E estets 2013 s b oes. 2012 estets, p to o estets 2012 ppee ec e. e tere s s ct rop € 24 o. to te - tese or ecoo es. tot C/E estets ro € 124 te s ess seere, tere s st e s tt o sbstt Sor s e per ece te o 2012 to € 51 o 2013, ec e C E e ps o ces 2013. Ger, ere seco est C/E estets te ber o es ste ost cp t estets te b o- te b r est ot o 2013. e estet ots costt. e estet ss ste sector: estets estets s recore 2012, bot ers re cte tt 2012 s r e b oe re E b- rop b ro oe t r. ost ot p roe 2013 tere e’t bee jor E ot e ot to € 107 o. t ro 3% o estets. ece, copr te re

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Investment indicators

180 181

ES I ICES

orer to se soe t o te cop es ot o c or re ES sector. E pes re beo, te ces bse o reees, t respect to te re o s- ces. S ce te SO s s Is tt o o ES tecoo rs, b os cop es e t to e b o- Sp s cop tt s ct e s ce te ces cot te restr bt o o te cop es t r et cp t t o e ts, t ErObser’E costrcte seer es s b oss cop es. CS b oes, bt so pect e rest rs bse o ree- te s trb e ctrer cot eer et be cop- ES ces. tese ces re S ce tere re o e cop es oter es s ter tretet es. oer e o ce ests be b r te rest core to te ES ces. Copre or e to 100 t te bse o te stoc r et per b o-teco- coet o eert o cop es c be o te ote p te e . to te tot E r et, ppro - te, o te 1st r 2011, o sector, copos te b o- e ece oes ot st s te cr ter p. 185. t respect to te re o te b te SO Erope 50, c e p s tt te strt t s costrcte. o te ES ces s te r reees str bt o o b oes b o- I orer to se te eeop- te b o- e te e eret ee o te 1st r re ot r e b te r ct - s rs, Ger cop es re et o te b o, sor , e erperore st te 2012. e ces presete ere s stoc r et ces, te re t es te re o reebes. o t . I tree b o ces, ces, so te SO Erope oe r et. e te SO’s re , sor , co- ocs o cop es tt re Frec cop es re ce. I 50 e s cptre. e reso cose e t te e o 2013 s pos te b o-tecoo e . e ste o stoc e ces. ere- Copre to st er’s e t o, te b oss e , oeer, o or t s copr so s to ssess er t t te bse te – tter s copose o b oe, b o- ore, et t es tt re oe b soe rs te ces ere te rs re Frec eres te o ES cop es peror te b o- te e ee t s, b oss sb- ces. e pret cop es (e.. S ees repce. Oe reso or reo oter s r t s rs. e ret o to te oe r et. e ost te se e s te sor ces cot oer oe b S ees G) s tt cop es re ot ste e cos sts o s Ger rs SO Erope 50 s e tt be o 2012. e e , te respect e te rest rs or te b t cop es (e.. ore s ce te ere e ter oe ro Sp , It, te , cot s te 50 rest cop es oeer, perore s ct tt operte soe/ te Eerco) re ot reecte. Frter- bot b oter rs or to See, respect e. e Erope. L e te ES ces te better t te SO Erope 50 / sor sector te E. e ore, tere re eros cop- e or soec. Frterore, rest cop s S Sor ec- SO Erope 50 s or e to e , prt cr 2013. b o-tecoo e cos sts o 15 es tt re ot o ct e soe rs ere repce b oters oo G. F , te e s 100 t te bse te to o or s ct ore eteroeeos better coprb t t te ES 1 Eo to o t e botec ooes ces r 2012 2013 2 Eo to o t e ES ces r 2012 2013

200 180 160

160 140

140 120 120 100 100 80 80 60 60 40 40 20 20

0 0

1/1/2012 2/1/20123/1/20124/1/20125/1/20126/1/20127/1/20128/1/20129/1/201210/1/201211/1/201212/1/20121/1/20132/1/20133/1/20134/1/20135/1/20136/1/20137/1/20138/1/20139/1/201310/1/201311/1/201312/1/2013 1/1/20122/1/20123/1/20124/1/20125/1/20126/1/20127/1/20128/1/20129/1/201210/1/201211/1/201212/1/20121/1/20132/1/20133/1/20134/1/20135/1/20136/1/20137/1/20138/1/20139/1/201310/1/201311/1/201312/1/2013

Bio-Index Biomass Index Biofuels index Biogas Index Bio-Index Wind power Index Solar photovoltaic Index

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Investment indicators

182 183

Copr te tree ES ces srp crese o te sre pr ce. po t s te eteroeeos c- ot cebe tt te copos te b o t oter ES sectors te t ec oter so rees te- ter rter ot e per o te rcter st cs o te sb- ces. e e s e pos t e tre. becr e . potet re- rest ereces. e copos te st e ots o 2013 te e b os e s te o oe tt Frterore, t bees s r so or te oer ct bs - b o-tecoo e oes ot coses t te e o 2013 t ost strts coses boe te bse to te b oes e . s s e ess e roet or te ES rs so s ct pos t e or te se e s t strte te e te obsert o per o. to te re e t o te b oes t ste ro te cres et e tre oer 2012 be o 2012. I cotrst to e e roppe b o 7% e te oer e . ro copet t o ro oter pro ers 2013. I sp te o soe ctte oter ces, te e betee te be o 2012 to t rs o te rees o te b o- o te respect e reebe eer t os o te to ers, te e sos s ct pos t e tre. te e o 2013. It s str , tecoo sectors re eerte tecoo pro ers ots e coses t 78.7 po ts te e Strt te e o 2012, te oeer, tt te b os e b te ce b oes cop- Erope, otb s . e or o 2013 copre to te t e costt creses. sees to be ore ot e t es. ece, te b o e s e-estb se tecoo es te e o 74.2 po ts te be - t te e o 2013, te e coses te oter b otecoo ces. r e b te b oes sector. ob copet t o s cos e- o 2012. e e sos t 142.3 c s ost obe o e b oes e oes ot so rbe, Erope t st pro e s t et e tre t te t e te be cer pos t e or et e tre. Oer, te ES ces so tt oo e roet to eeop te e o 2012. terrs t o 2012 (74.2 po ts) 42.3 po ts Its cos e te e o 2013, te ers 2012 2013 ere ot ce -tec-sot os. sts ret e costt ro boe te e t te bse te. oeer, s 6% beo te t re prosperos or te re oeer, tese re reqet ot 40 po ts t te seco e te be o 2012. e ste ES-o cop es te r e b cop es ste o o 2013. e ep o te e I orer to se te copos - b oss e cttes ro E. ost ces ot ce stoc e ces. e o 2013 s r e b oe t o o te b o-tecoo e , ts strt e t te e o s ct betee te be - o te rest cop es te re 1 sps te b o-teco- 2012 e s t pos t e tre o 2012 te e o 2013, e . ter te ter t o o te o e te respect e sb- c be obsere tt sts t soe e per ece s ec es soec procee s o te coces. s te te sor te e o 2013, e te b o- e oters re b s p Cetroter otoot cs ces, te b oes, –s, ss e coses t 85.9 po ts. ot. ece, ost ES sectors coers o o ts sres te rt o –ss ces ere e te b s correspos to crese b perore orse t te oe o 1: 5 s cocte rest reees. e ost rer be 50% oer 2012 2013. It s rter Erope r et, ppro te b te SO Erope 50 e , c re b 20% te obser- 3 t o per o. t 112 po ts t te Eo to o t e S O E rope 50 reerece ce r 2012 2013 e o 2013, t coses oer te e t te bse te, c c be o 120 obsere or to ES ces (b o- s ). e sector s 100 jor e cept o. e e creses otb, 2013, 80 perors s ct better

1. Wind Index: Vestas (DK), Enel Green Power (IT), Suzlon (UK), Gamesa (ESP), Nordex (GER), EDP Renovaveis (POR), Falck 40 Renewables (IT), PNE Wind AG (DE), Energiekontor AG (DE), Théolia (FR) 20 Photovoltaic Index: SMA Solar Technology AG (DE), Solarworld AG (DE), Centrotherm Photovoltaics AG (DE), Roth & Rau AG (DE), Capital Stage AG (DE), Solar-Fabrik AG (DE), Solaria Energia (ESP), PV Crystalox Solar PLC (UK), Ternienergia (IT), Etrion 0 (SWE) Biomass Index: Albioma (FR), Cogra (FR), Active Energy (UK), Weya (FR), React Energy PLC (UK), Helius Energy (UK) Biofuels Index: Cropenergies AG (DE), Verbio Bioenergie (DE), Petrotec AG (DE), Global Bioenergies (FR), Nandan Cleantec 1/1/20122/1/20123/1/20124/1/20125/1/20126/1/20127/1/20128/1/20129/1/201210/1/201211/1/201212/1/20121/1/20132/1/20133/1/20134/1/20135/1/20136/1/20137/1/20138/1/20139/1/201310/1/201311/1/201312/1/2013 (UK) STOXX Europe 50 Biogas Index: Envitec Biogas (DE), 2G Energy AG (DE), DTB-Deutsche Biogas AG (DE), Méthanor (FR)

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Investment indicators

184 185

O E OLE

etee 2012 2013, estets reebe sector s te o sector tt s see s ct t respect to te re o str bt o o C/E oer 2012 2013. e e sos s r eer eerto projects e roppe. I crese estets. sset ce or ste tot- estets, te s tt o ers betee 2012 oer tre. e sector s jor e cept o. soe ES sectors, oeer, estets re- e € 1.6 b o 2013, c s ore t obe o te 2013. I 2012, Ger, te , Frce o te It creses otb, 2013, perors e rete stbe or ee crese. Fc estets 2012. e reebe eer etts te C/E r et. e s tt o sbstt ces s ct better t oter ES sectors or coerc reset so ecrese ste e to tese estets ec e b 28% 2013. Ger, ere te b r est ot o te becr e . sct, t o t e rop ssocte cp- betee 2012 2013 copre to sset ce estets s recore 2012, ost ot p ct e s r ess seere. s s os t e cost tt roppe b 22% t s per o. s ctes tt roe 2013 t ro 3% o estets. I potet reso or te oer ct bs ess re ctos t e sector. I cotrst to oer oer te estet costs per crese r - cotrst, It, te , Frce re te top e roet or te ES rs t ste ro te C/E estets E rope, t t ste rete . s potet e pecte rest s r e b or cotr es 2013. cres copet t o ro oter pro ers o te stbe betee 2012 2013, C/E estets cert sectors, s e.. te sector. to respect e reebe eer tecoo pro ers reebe eer tec oo e ece estets s t ec e, te ot este s ec e C/E estets sees to be ots e Erope, otb s . e or e-est- betee t ese ers. e ES ces cte t t osore crese c r es p te ere est- reebe eer spec c. e t o te Erope b se tecoo es te ob copet t o s cos - t e st to o ste ES o copes stbse ets per . rt cr te sor sector, s - r te Eq t etre Cp t ssoc t o (EC) erbe, Erope t st pro e oo 2012 2013. ct rops o costs co be obsere. I te cse o sos tt oer C/E estet te E ( c- e roet to eeop ce -tec-so- poer pts, estet costs per ecrese sectors) ste ost costt betee 2012 t os. oeer, tese re reqet ot r e b I ESE I E ELE E EG b 43% betee 2012 2013. For s str bte 2013. ece, te reebe eer sector sees cop es ste o stoc e ces. O ECS FLLS cpc t, costs roppe b 36%. to be ore ct s tt o t tt t e co- e ctors o estet reebe eer pro- pre to oter sectors. jects cptre sset ce or t t-sce reebe SIG IFIC O I E E CIL eer eert o projects. Cob ES sectors IE E I I ESE S ES I ICES se boe, te tot estet reebe C/E estet reebe eer e r- I orer to se soe t o te s tt o o ES tec- eer projects te E s € 25.3 b o 2012 t c b 83% te E betee 2012 2013. I oo rs, ErObser’E costrcte seer ES copre to tot estets o € 19.8 b o 2012, te b r rest ss o C/E estet ces. ese sector ces re tee to cptre 2013. oeer, te s tt o s q te eteroeeos co be obsere te te b oss te s tt o cs o te E r et or ES betee te ES sectors. I 2013, tere ere o sset ste sector. ese estets, oeer, eq pet ctrers project eeopers. ce es te CS eoter sectors. e ere r e b pr te eq t b-ots, tt est rop estets co be obsere te re estets to b ( jor t o) ES cop et e to te tot E stoc r et, ppro - sor sector, ere estets t t-sce s p estets copre to te te b te SO Erope 50, ce ES ces roppe b € 4.5 b o to o € 3 b o 2013. oter C/E es. ece, t s esset to so co- soe r oer perorce. ost ces oter sector tt e per ece s ct rops pre estets bot ers tot jor E b- ot ce s ct betee te be estets s te b oes sector, ere sset ots. S ce E b-ots re prcses o cop es o 2012 te e o 2013, soe e per ece s c roppe b ore t 70%. I te b oss or cotro terest o cop’s sres ec es e oters re b s ot. Co- sector, te ec e estets s ore oerte. ppe ter te e-cce o r, te re pre to te s ct rops o ces 2011, Iestets b oss s ppe b 21% to € 1.35 b - C/E estets re better pro or te o- te s tt o o ste ES rs sees to e t est o 2013. t o ct t te reebe eer sectors. Loo stb se 2012 prt cr 2013. I cotrst, t E e C/E estets tot E b-ots, te SO Erope 50 e re b 20% te obser- EEOGE EOS SIIO S I ES SECOS tt re etre cp t E e ps o cp t, t o per o. I cotrst, estets ste ret e stbe. estets 2012 re € 490 o copre to I 2013, sset ce or poer tote € 13.6 b - € 300 o 2013. t ee ter o tt E b- Copr te ES ces rees terest - o c correspos to or ec e b 4.5% co- ots, te t sos ecrese estets b ereces. e copos te b o-tecoo e oes pre to te 2012 estets. e ste to eer ost 39% betee 2012 2013. ot so s ct pos t e or et e tre

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Examples of innovative ﬁnancing schemes

186 187

E LES OF IO IE FI CIG SCE ES

er te crret cro-ecooc tres c resorces or te eeopet o te E t s ct or pbc bets reebes. ercepto o rs s te ost to secre s or te rter spport o portt ctor pe sc est- reebes. s, te so r bt sp- ets, oeer, oo es s tt tere s port sste or reebes ( te re sct ber o oo prc- or o ee--trs qot sstes) tce epes, ts cpter e escrbe s bee rstc otre. I soe o te. e prte cpt s ob- E cotres, copes re tr to se b pesos s ( eso F e- terte s to secre c or r), oc ct es (eer coopertes ter reebe eer projects. oeer, Sor25 oc bers o ree eectr- t s to be ote tt te tr o ct Ger), b pbc se-pbc pbc spport ot cce te E ’s ree copes ( jot etre betee reo btos, tereore, e s o ttrct eer tt Frce te pbc prte cpt or te resto o ree re estte cop str). Iote eer os e to repce te o sce- c ecss re e to p es. e ce estet p ees cres portt roe te octo to be e b te prte sector, b e bs- o rs o eret estor csses ess c oes. ep ob e estets or e ree It tes eort to coce te ret eer projects te tre. ctors to ob e ter ccte

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Examples of innovative ﬁnancing schemes

188 189 reqre tr ssso es. st re ebe e er projects. SOURCES pote t soto to tese to pote t ce e or e er .trereserc.e ce es s cte prtcpto coopertes s te p e rep- .ec-e-eere.e tro e er coopertes. cee t o te ee- tr b co- .eereeossesct- prr epe s te E ere- pette procree t b . oe .e e osse sct (e er coope- s t ete ect te .erosor.e rte) Oe (EGO) o e sccess o cte prtcpto 2009. Strt t 205 e- oes tt, o oter t s, bers b ce seet tot o pro te ro te eree o € 1.5 o t te e o 2009, te estor protecto oere b te EGO , t te e o 2013, 2515 ee- tr sste. ebers b ce seet tot o € 37.6 o . t te cpt o prtcpt cte s, te EGO s ste ore t 30 o cpct te reo . I to to ts e ee t re ebe e er e erto , te EGO eeope te so c- e “s er E ere” (ose o e er). It seres s bs ess pr t o ce spces or oc cop es s copete ce ce tre or re ebe e er

ibc solar e er e ce c b . For ts e ee t or re ebe e er, te EGO s re te EEG COO E IES Ger Sor re 2013.

REPLICABILITY POTENTIAL CITIZEN INVOLVEMENT oer ree s s cert ctes. e pe ts. e ber o e e er co cept o cte IN RENEWABLE ENERGY te s e erte tro restere e er coopertes oee t re ebe e er FINANCE tese cert ctes re este Ger re ro 136 2008 to c s repcbt I Ger , cres o- reo re ebe e er pro- 888 2013. pote t, s ce t c be or- ee t o cte s re ebe jects. ore rect opto or e qte ebe er. e er este ts c be obser- cte oee t re e er INNOVATIVE FINANCING et to coopertes, tere re e. I 2012, ost 50% o te es- coopertes. Ge er, coope- MECHANISM oter oes o cte prtcp- t re ebe e er cpct rte s ssocto o tr ENERGIEGENOSSENSCHAFT to reqe t se Ger , s o e b cte s, e.. prte or e perso s ose o s te ODENWALD s Gb Co G (br o te perso s, rers, or e er coo- eco oc or soc cee t O e o te jor ce es or prte prt ersp te - pertes. e ce, te re ebe o ts ebers tro jo t te re-sce epoe t o bt cop ), tt s ote se e er ret sbst t - bs ess operto . cttes o re ebe e eres s te sbs- or cte prs Ger . ers ro co e to e er e er coopertes ote oe t t o t o reqre est- I oter E co tres, s te or e erto tt s o te b te estbse t operto e ts. Frterore, re ebes e r, e er coopertes p e er ttes. o re ebe e er procto to soe ete t c pbc ccep- cres port t roe. O e ere re ere t co cepts o ctes or te prtcpto t ce c creses te rs te o cte co tr- cte co trbto to re ebe sc sstes. Cte s c becoe o pbc opposto t te p - bto re ebe e er epo- e er. Cte s c ct s es- ebers o e er cooperte pertt stes o e t s te crese ccept ce

tors. eros reo b s b cqr sre recee re ebe e er p ts or te e ce oer rs o resst ce naturstrom

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Examples of innovative ﬁnancing schemes

190 191 ESIO

NATURE OF THE FINANCING to be reso be step. oeer, rto prposes. eres oter s ore t 640,000 ebers e sre or ebers ttrc- C or Ger e tr rst MECHANISM coprte percee rss co tres strte e er s o to. ot ssets o t te to e retr re ebe e er este ts. e so s e re o ts te t stes o te tec- eeope t te te 90’s or te to pprote € 20b t st or ers. e este t oeer, pe so s oter o s t ter spos. t te ooes e to estto b te be o te e e , projecte rot rtes. o te, te s rs s por- sttto estors, sc s se te, te s e to - s. t te eeope t o te tec oo s or o te e so r s este t t eee t ts strte t sr ce cop es, st ber r tee cert retr to ter ore copree se trc recor bee eeope ppe pprote $ 2.4b rs- Fc e ebes s er stro co serbe pote t or te pro- estors, c re o te secre or tec ooes, sc s o - te Sc co tr. s trctre project, o c te prt er Erope .” so o sppee tr s or ee t o ter este osore potootcs, co seqe ce, tere re ber o jort re re ebe e er eses e so r, oter projects. o e. s te cotte s te orer septcs ppers to cop es t spec epertse projects. e beo tbes pro- s pe so s re so re to be este o -ter, e. I ts process sccess te sector. ost popr epes es oere o te est- cte re ebe e er pro- SOURCES re ebe e er projects t epes ro o e o te rst- cert ce te jor e ts erte t to. jects to r eree. e s ../e/serces/te- etes o p to 30 ers or ore o co tres re ebe trb e ctrer ests ce: , , , Spe - s-cte-estet- tc te ’s este t or- e er eeope t co trbtes E er Sstes or te tt O G I to to te prese te est- so . oreoer, te s eport .peso./e/es/ o r e. O ce te projects to ore pprecto o sce E er, c s or-e e ts, e so r cot- cret e c EF s s - Iestets/Iestets-/ re set-p r te rebe projects s este t trets or osore eeope t. te 200 (ppro. € 27) c t cote t ee s Irstrctre e erto o stbe cs os pe so s. It s tereore o srprse tt te s Cte I este t eports rete to re ebe .ree beeer or. oreoer ppers ttrcte to s pe so s re st F , c ests re ebe e er projects proes - co/re/e s/rtce/2014/04/ te este t oe o pe so INNOVATIVE FINANCING te rst-oers re ebe e er cte c e t- or cert tpes o projects peso-s-o--e-to- s. s re ebe e er r- MECHANISM PENSIONDAN e er c . O e o te pr- to projects eeop (e.. osore rs). O ree be-eer-ce ets ost co tres re re MARK AS FRONTRUNNER r epes s te pe so co tres. 2 October 2014, Cope e I rs- .cprters. b eree o oer e t IN SUSTAINABLE ENERGY e so r, c str- e pe so s to crese trctre rt ers o ce te .ccp.or/ssets/eso- reto , pe so s ee co- FINANCING te ts oee t re ebe este ts rstrctre to 10 c o e , Cope - r.oereerse. oeo- ortbe t ts sort o projects. e r c jst b be ec- e eres 2010. e s per ce t o tot ssets. e to tt e I rstrctre II /S, ere esoFI EIestets.p e oee t o tese es- re te brt pce o e er estbse s str-e pe - bto e so r p s e so r s so o e o tors re ebes e ce sees ppcto or eectrct e e- so te er 1990’s to est rter 1.5 bo $ et s sttto es- rstrctre oer te et or tors tt e tot cotte ers. ost o tese este ts 8 b € 1.05 b . s 1 be e er-rete rs- be cte orter ester eebe eer estet b esor trctre. ereore, e so - Erope s e s ort erc r cotte € 970 to ocs o este ts s, Year Project name Description Investment amount e b te e estbse o oters, boss este t ee t cop poer s e s este ts 2014 DolWin 3 Offshore wind grid connection in Germany € 384m Cope e I rstrctre r- te eectrct r. t ers 2012. oreoer, € 382 2013 UK Wind Farms Six wind farms in Wales and Scotland $ 240m ere cotte to soe REPLICABILITY POTENTIAL est te osore r I te crre t o-e e ro - JV with Burmeister & Wain, which will build co ecto o 3. e t, pe so s oer te 2013 Biomass biomass power plants internationally £ 120m e ’s CEO orbe öer obe re oo or ttrcte 2013 Cape Wind Offshore wind farm in the USA $ 200m eerse te te ttrc- este t opport tes. ore te ess o re ebe e er ore o te e t 2012 US Wind Farms Three onshore wind farms in the USA n/a este ts to te cop re ebe e er projects s co ecto t te este t pote t pro tbe este ts. 2011 Anholt Offshore wind farm in Denmark $ 680m s rs te te e epe o e so r 2010 Nysted Offshore wind farm in Denmark $ 130m o: “Or este ts s ts be repcte soe ere t tpes o rstrctre cses t e.. pe so s

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Examples of innovative ﬁnancing schemes

192 193 bot 200 o tese, (> 600,000 2) o ret bc Co s- er Stp, Ses E er E - re o e b LIG. e or t (C) ere e be ce c, ec ooes, Se- otto o LIG s to sbsttte or pbc cstoers, e er e - e s G str. re ebe e er sorces or e- ce c esres ere pee te t o ereer possbe. tro co trct co cepts. REPLICABILITY LIG Str s perore - e pee tto o te tre ber o IEC-projects te ers O e o te este t ree EC spposes tt sbses re 2007-2012. e Gr E er e c er te IEC, t LIG Str s obt e to esse te t spporte te estor, b or - estor scee s reo- este t costs 3 poos or te ers. e IEC cre ce ter or eer peope oe s bee pee te ersbr, octe t te SOURCES 10 b s t ere t se eet o te soter se o e e- .ees2020.e se (co ere ce ote, bere o t . .ct rtscte.t scoos, oe or te eer, « Str s set o to rece .e-ret.or o ce b s). e otsorce reeose ses 2008 tro .r er-e.t et sppes e bee stce te repceet o et o to .tees.co ro oss to re ebe es reebe et te rs .eere-b.t ros e er ece c oe or eer persos .tec.steerr.t esres e bee estbse ersbr pre .so es.steerr.t (co tros or ts, sor ter- to troce eer ecec .cee.sees.co coectors, optto o esres te res o e- .sttbrersbr.t et strbto , etc.). I tot t, ter eectrct. » 790 tos € ere spe t t sttes re Scr, e ose 17-31% et s s, 5-12% eectr- e eer t te LIG ct s s 90% o CO2 rec-

siemens to ees e to repcee t e eers re 28 eer per- o oss es t re ebes, so s 100 creters. e b- pre boss boers s co strcte 1964, IEG E EEG CO CIG sor ter coectors. rerbse er te IEC co trct 2010. e este t costs IEC I SI , SI Cosre o co trct or IEC s pro- o te to 340.000 €, epecte ceee b te er procere, pro t ter 15 ers co trct s c s eotte s e e bee estte t 260.000 €. t te NATURE OF THE INNOVATIVE ecec. e potet [ eer to cto o beor pbc procree t , t te spp se ( ) 8 boss FINANCING MECHANISM ss] st be se c ore c es) o e este t. oo crter or te project- strct et etor sppes e er pr cpe o te t beore. e re so cce: 1. e oest cost or e er ts ste t spce et, o c I terte E er Co trct be coere b reebe sorces. » CASE STUDY APPLICATION spp 2. e oest CO2 esso s 500 ( te tre rece to (IEC) s te terto o bot Sttes er Stp, Ses E er e IEC oe s eeope b 3. e est e er cost s s 320 ) s ecte o or ts e er e ce c esres E ce c, ec ooes, Gr E er e c ( co st t) tro e -se s e- ste. t te se te 143 2 o re ebes to cee te cte See s G str. te re estte cop o sres propose b te ESCO. e IEC sor coectors 3,000 ters protecto os: (re ebe) e IEC cob es to re e te reo Str: L esob- co trct s re or 15 ers. store coers te e or ot spp so rst o ocs o estbse ESCO c ec- e esesct Steerr (LIG ter prt o te IEC co trct s ter. et e s rece e er e ce c b et ss. .e.: E er Spp Co trc- Str, estor). LIG, te este qt ssr ce p (to- b 35% (364 /) eectr- possbe e -recto oppor- t (epresse o e er tor s o e 2001. LIG s reqree ts o te co trct, ct e b 12% (51 /), t tes. e re e er sppe .. b et coo stte-o e re-estte o .e. ete proceres t te c s to be proe b e- e s sppe s e ce t ro re ebes) E er eree t e c o te stes o p , cosso , cte t procere. s possbe ro re ebes. or ce Co trct (epresse reo oer e t o Str t , proo o cto , peror- « e cotrct pero s 15 ers. « e beee tt tere s ret s se .. b e er - (100% o e), str. LIG s - ce esree t, oer). s s scet to rtee te 1. Heating, ventilation ee or cto ters o eer ee t, e C1, t , s- soe 420 b s Str; e to sbses (30%) b te project’s protbt. » Sttes and air-conditioning.

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Examples of innovative ﬁnancing schemes

194 195 r et. I orer to coce te procer e e to oer ore ttrcte prce t te EEG, t es te oe t epese. e e to oer ttrcte prces to cstoers b pro 25% o reo poer te rest ro ropoer. » Sttes eer, Gr stroer CEO. Cte - e.e.

e e eee ts o te o- te scee, c re p e or te tre re .. cso o prs te scee s e s poer prcse reee ts or re ebes octe te c t o b cstoers.

REPLICABILITY e e s percee s ote Ger t s pprse b te e s te “op s- ess oe” r er (2014)

energiegenossenschaft rittersdorf eg or te ost ote bsess oes Ger . tr tot spport ro It s to be ote tt ts este ce SOL EGIO L IFF te to ee- tr (FI) s co to e to te bt scee, r tee er te o cep roeectrct c Ger e ebe E er os to coer te re 75% CASE STUDY APPLICATION ot o o soet or te cers prtcpt te scee s (EEG). poer p ts procers o co spto . Sor25 reo tr s proct e ro e t te ob se se te E er Cooperte ttersor, o ot et te EEG ee- trs. oere b te cop Gr s- bt so o beco spporters o e t te be o 2013. E er coopertes recee o FI SOURCES troer to Ger reo s: o reo eco oc eeope t. e r s octe o orer ts e to be cope ste .p- e.e ttetr e e oro- e projects re eeope ste, s te cpct o or te rs te te. e re- .restro er.e berp, te et o e s epecte ere tere re e o csto- 1.5 t 17 000 oes, brsee t et s eotte. . .et esse. Gree eectrct s so ers- t est 1000 or e proc 1,5 G per . e oeer, poer s becoe bot to prte coerc p t (oc ep so r tee). este t costs ere € 1.7 - ttrcte coot: e erto cstoers s proct o Gr s- o . e co trct ets betee costs e e ro 56,7 c€ troer t otst e- e proct r tees tt t Gr stroer e er pro- 2003 to 14,9 2013. tre – oc proct. Sor e er eer oe t, te csters’ cer re secret. « pts re ote crtc e tot oer e t spport co spto s coere b or ter epso ere b s prcse rect ro te eq jecto o ore NATURE OF THE INNOVATIVE to o ee- trs. procer, so to cstoers ts roeectrct or oc Ger FINANCING MECHANISM ecop o te eectrct r- c t. e ecepto etre potootc eectrct to te Sor25 reo tr os to et ro te e or poer s o te proct s te r tee o r. e eectrct s bot b ree e re ebe e er cte s coseqece (…). te oc procto : t est 25% o Gr stroer rect ro te este ts reress o te t Sor25 e t to e ree eectrct s proce oc. procers tot tere- potc cte, eectrct s epeet o te EEG ree- It es e cstoers ee o res. O e o te ree e er pro- spporte b e s o spec rto terte te te

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Examples of innovative ﬁnancing schemes

196 197 1 Eoto o te ses prce o te potootc eectrct

Sales price in €/MWh

400

350 Feed-in Tariff Wholesale market price 300 Effectice sales price Ceiling price Floor price 250 Global price span on the Equivalence tariff PPA period 200

150

100

50 Phase I - Sale at Fit price Phase II - Sale at market price 0 Number of PPA years 1 2345678910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Source: Solairedirect

possb oter sreoers. te Fee- r ter (c.. rp bee p o, c sootes ot e project cop ses eectr- o. 1). oeer te Fee- r te ebt tot epress s-

solairedirect ct to te oc tt, Séos cre tersect te oese reoers’ ree es r te rst IE 3’s cse, ccor to te ret prce beore te 1st pse ers. t s reo o c ters o te reor co trct ter epres, c Sorerect re s s, “e bsote prere- ESE, E SE I LIC CO s e t Sorerect. e sses ppe . qste, s to prcser re sor poer prcse reee t to b eectrct or 30 ers. I (S ) stptes tt te se s A REPRODUCIBLE SETUP IE 3’s cse t s Séos.” A JOINT VENTURE BETWEEN te eceber 2010 ortor o AN INNOVATIVE e to pses – rst I ts oe, e ter 30-er A FRENCH REGION, potootc Fee- rs BUSINESS MODEL Fee- r co trct (oc t- ter co trct, secr o-cost SOURCES A LOCAL UTILITY AND too or r te corse o ESE s se-pbc cop tes re e tte to e ter Fee- ce te eorts e b • .poto-cretes.r/ester A MANUFACTURER te er s te se-pbc co- o e 65% b te oto-C- r co trcts) te s soo s Sorerect o te e • .sorerect.co ESE tt st s or Eectr- p ESE s set p. e rst re tes reo 35% b Sore- te oese prce ecees te c to rece te este t • .terrtores-eere-poste.r cté Sore es errtores (Sor sor p t to eere ro ts rect. e reo oo Fee- r, te eectrct s costs e tt t c operte t • .tper.r Eectrct or oc errtores), tte, IE 3, t 8.7 p o reso s to te p ts ste – to so t ret prce. I te seco te crre t er o Fee- r be ets ro sor e er cpct s cosso e er eeop ts oc potootc pro- pse, te se prce to te oc rte ppcbe to sor p ts. eeope t spport ec s. eceber 2014. Co strcto cto cpctes, ro te tt co e b oor ce- ece t sccess te er bs It s o e o te bss o o oter ct, IE 1, t rest poste soco-eco oc prces be ee to te Fr ce or e p ts spec prt ersp betee Sore- 10.8 o cpct s er pcts, b o ts ssets oese ret prce s c er prcse prce. s rect, ctrer oper- o jo pot. I ce t e retr o este t. e scose sco t. s prtcr ppcto s so tor o potootc stto s, te IE sor p ts re octe oc tt, or ts prt, te rr ee t e bes te project epe b te reo ’s set p te oto-Cre tes reo o sse tr re to secre ts eectrct sppes t cop to set ts b s’ s t 2011 to spport eeope t Sorées Séos, to oc t te ert o ecoste project beo te oese ret prce rest bot te pote t rs projects, c co trbte 9% ttes (or te eprte ts o t ecto be t. Séos s or 10 to 15 ers. e oo te oc tt to restr te tors te IE 3 p t ( ter- e e e-Sères). e e tere to co trct t So- pr cpe ppes: ESE tes pct o ret prce ct- e to s cppe t 10%). e co cept s te br c o rerect to prcse te eectrct sres project cop tt to s. e se I ter ce ro te reo becoes Sorerect 2011 recto to proce b IE 3 or 30 ers. ces te poer p t opertor s or 20 ers, c eqtes to repbe o ce te b s e

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Examples of innovative ﬁnancing schemes

198 199

COCL SIO 1 e e se cse stes so bro bt oe eros ctors sc s te reo o ote c scees ccor to s e o ES projects o orstos spectr o e pproces to ote Oe eer cooperte (Ger), c scees te reebe eer c bosts c. 2.5 tos ebers Prosumer* dispersed sector, oeer, te co be o o s operte ros tecooes: , Big projects >100 MW tre ES rets, te ester prt , boss coeerto ro poer. projects <40 kW o te E . ost o te escrbe ote ortte, o ote scees ere c ecss trete te ree ete or te sest, proser sper- eectrct ret, t oe epe o se tecooes (beo 40 ). ppcto o te e bsess oe to te I cses te eto o estet rs >1000 actors Energy cooperatives (DE) et sector (Iterte Eer Cotrc- s stresse, or epe te Frec t Str, str). cse te project c pero s pro- Solar 25 (DE) e scees obse c resorces oe to s o s 30 ers. o ros ctors, strt t te e- e ppcbt o soe scees e soer, c ece to ecte to be jste to te tre ret co- 10% o ts tot ssets te tre to b tos tt be brot bot b te ESTER joint venture (FR) rstrctr projects rete to ree ces crret poc scees te E Integrated Energy poer ( ). Oter projects ere eber sttes (e.. b te scotto < 5 actors PensionDenmark (DK) Contracting (AT) c ser beo 30 o tot cpct o FI), bt tese scees re e terest rotes or te tre. Various renewables for electricity Various renewables for heat Wind power PV

*prosumer = consumer and green energy producer

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Sources

200 201

SOURCES

EUROPEAN AND INTERNATIONAL • ESHA – European Small Hydropower Association • IWR – Institute of the Renewable Energy Industry • ARGE Kompost & Biogas – Austrian Biogas ORGANISATIONS, PRESS (www.esha.be) (www.iwr.de) Association (www.kompost-biogas.info) • AEBIOM – European Biomass Association • ESTELA – European Solar Thermal Electricity • National Renewable Energy Action Plans (NREAPs) • BIOENERGY 2020+ (www.bioenergy2020.eu) (www.aebiom.org) Association (www.estelasolar.eu) Transparency Platform on Renewable Energy • Bundesverband Wärmepumpe Austria – National • Biofuel Digest (www.biofuelsdigest.com) • ESTIF – European Solar Thermal Industry (www.ec.europa.eu/energy/en/topics/renewable- Heat-Pump Association Austria (www.bwp.at) • BiogasIN - Sustainable Biogas Market Federation (www.estif.org) energy) • BMVIT – Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation • Development in Central and Eastern Europe • EU-OEA – European Ocean Energy Association • NIB – Nordic Investment Bank (www.nib.int) and Technology (www.bmvit.gv.at) (www.biogasin.org) (www.eu-oea.com) • OEC – Ocean Energy Council • Dachverband Energie-Klima – Umbrella • BNEF – Bloomberg New Energy Finance • Eurostat – Statistique européenne/European (www.oceanenergycouncil.com) Organization Energy-Climate Protection (www.bnef.com) Statistics (www.ec.europa.eu/Eurostat) • Photon International – Solar Power Magazine (www.energieklima.at) • EBRD – European Bank of Reconstruction and • EVCA – European Private Equity and Venture (www.photon-magazine.com) • E-Control – Energie Control (www.econtrol.at) Development (www.ebrd.com) Capital Association (www.evca.eu) • PV Employment (www.pvemployment.org ) • EEG (Energy Economics Group)/Vienna University • CEWEP – Confederation of European Waste-to- • EWEA – European Wind Energy Association • PVPS – IEA Photovoltaic Power Systems of Technology (www.eeg.tuwien.ac.at) Energy Plants (www.cewep.eu) (www.ewea.org) Programme (www.iea-pvps.org) • IG Windkraft – Austrian Wind Energy Association • EBA – European Biogas Association (www. • EUWID – Europäischer Wirtschaftsdienst • REN 21 – Renewable Energy Policy Network for the (www.igwindkraft.at) european-biogas.eu) (www.euwid-energie.de) 21st Century (www.ren21.net) • Kleinwasserkraft Österreich – Small Hydro • EBB – European Biodiesel Board (www.ebb-eu.org) • FO Licht (www.agra-net.com) • Renewable Energy Magazine Association Austria (www.kleinwasserkraft.at) • European Biofuels Technology Platform • GEA – Geothermal Energy Association (www.renewableenergymagazine.com) • Lebensministerium – Federal Ministry of (www.biofuelstp.eu) (www.geo-energy.org) • Renewables International Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water • EC – European Commission (www.ec.europa.eu) • GeoTrainNet (www.geotrainet.eu/moodle) (www.renewablesinternational.net) Management (www.lebensministerium.at) • ECN – Energy research Centre of the Netherlands, • GWEC – Global Wind Energy Council • Reuters (www.reuters.com) • Nachhaltig Wirtschaften NREAP summary report (www.ecn.nl/nreap) (www.gwec.net) • RES Legal (www.res-legal.eu) (www.nachhaltigwirtschaften.at) • EC – European Commission Directorate General for • IEA – International Energy Agency (www.iea.org) • Solarthermal World (www.solarthermalworld.org) • Österreichischer Biomasse-Verband – Austrian Energy and Transport • IEA PVPS – IEA Photovoltaic Power Systems • Stream Map (www.streammap.esha.be) Biomass Association (www.biomasseverband.at) (www.ec.europa.eu/dgs/energy_transport/ﬁgures/ Program (www.iea-pvps.org) • Sun & Wind Energy (www.sunwindenergy.com) • OeMAG – Energy Market Services (www.oekb.at/ trends_2030/index_en.htm) • IEA – RETD: Renewable Energy Technology • UNEP – United Nations Environment Program en/energy-market/oemag/cz) • EGEC – European Geothermal Energy Council Deployment (www.iea-retd.org) (www.unep.org) • ProPellets Austria – Pellets Association Austria (www.egec.org) • IEE – Intelligent Energy Europe • WGC 2010 – Proceedings World Geothermal (www.propellets.at) • EGC 2013 www.geothermalcongress2013.eu (www.ec.europa.eu/energy/intelligent/index_en.html) Congress 2010 (www.geothermal-energy.org) • PV Austria – Photovoltaic Austria Federal • EHPA – European Heat Pump Association • IGA – International Geothermal Association • WWEA – World Wind Energy Association Association (www.pvaustria.at) (www.ehpa.org) (www.geothermal-energy.org) (www.wwindea.org) • Statistik Austria – Bundesanstalt Statistik • EmployRES (www.ec.europa.eu/energy) • ILO – International Labour Organization • WWF – World Wild Life Fund (www.wwf.org) Österreich (www.statistik.at) • EMPRES – European Management Program on (www.ilo.org) • Umweltbundesamt – Environment Agency Austria Renewable Energy Sources (www.empres.eu) • ISF/UTS Institute for Sustainable Futures/ AUSTRIA (www.umweltbundesamt.at) • EPIA – European Photovoltaic Industry Association University of Technology Sydney • AEE Intec – Institute for Sustainable Technologies (www.epia.org) (www.isf.uts.edu.au) (www.aee-intec.at) BELGIUM • ePURE – European Renewable Ethanol • JRC – Joint Research Centre, Renewable Energy Unit • Austria Solar – Austrian Solar Thermal Industry • ATTB – Belgium Thermal Technics Association (www.epure.org) (www.ec.europa.eu/dgs/jrc/index.cfm) Association (www.solarwaerme.at) (www.attb.be/index-fr.asp) • EREC – European Renewable Energy Council • IRENA – International Renewable Energy Agency • ARGE Biokraft – Arbeitsgemeinschaft Flüssige • APERe – Renewable Energies Association (www.erec.org) (www.irena.org) Biokraftstoffe (www.biokraft-austria.at) (www.apere.org)

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Sources

202 203

• Belsolar (www.belsolar.be) • SEDA - Sustainable Energy Development Agency • WindPower – Danish Wind Industry Association FRANCE • BioWanze – CropEnergies (www.biowanze.be) (www.seea.government.bg) (www.windpower.org) • ADEME – Environment and Energy Efficiency • Cluster TWEED – Technologie Wallonne Agency (www.ademe.fr) ÉnergieEnvironnement et Développement durable CYPRUS ESTONIA • AFPAC – French Heat Pump Association (www.clusters.wallonie.be/tweed) • Cyprus Institute of Energy (www.cie.org.cy) • EBU – Estonian Biomass Association (www.eby.ee) (www.afpac.org) • CWaPE – Walloon Energy Commission • MCIT – Ministry of Commerce, Industry and • Espel (Estonia) – MTÜ Eesti Soojuspumba Liit • AFPG – Geothermal French Association (www.cwape.be) Tourism (www.mcit.gov.cy) (www.soojuspumbaliit.ee) (www.afpg.asso.fr) • EDORA – Renewable and alternative • CERA Cyprus Energy Regulatory Authority • EWPA – Estonian Wind Power Association • CDC – Caisse des Dépôts (www.caissedesdepots.fr) energyfederation (www.edora.be) (www.cera.org.cy) (www.tuuleenergia.ee/en) • Club Biogaz ATEE – French Biogas Association • ICEDD – Institute for Consultancy and Studies in • Ministry of Finance (www.fin.ee) (www.biogaz.atee.fr) Sustainable Development (www.icedd.be) CROATIA • Ministry of Economics (www.mkm.ee/eng/) • DGEC – Energy and Climat Department • SPF Economy – Energy Department – Energy • Croatian Bureau of Statistics • MTÜ – Estonian Biogas Association (www.industrie.gouv.fr/energie) Observatory (http://economie.fgov.be/fr/spf/ (www.dzs.hr/default_e.htm) • STAT EE – Statistics Estonia (www.stat.ee) • Enerplan – Solar Energy organisation structure/Observatoires/Observatoire_Energie) • University of Zagreb (www.fer.unizg.hr/en) • TTU – Tallinn University of Technology (www.ttu.ee) (www.enerplan.asso.fr) • ODE – Sustainable Energie Organisation • HEP-Distribution System Operator (www.hep.hr) • FEE – French Wind Energy Association Vlaanderen (www.ode.be) • CROATIAN ENERGY MARKET OPERATOR - HROTE FINLAND (www.fee.asso.fr) • Valbiom – Biomass Valuation asbl (www.valbiom.be) (www.hrote.hr) • Finbio – Bio-Energy Association of Finland • France Énergies Marines • VEA – Flemish Energy Agency (www.energiesparen.be) • Croatian Ministry of Economy (www.mingo.hr/en) (www.finbio.org) (www.france-energies-marines.org) • VWEA – Flemish Wind Energy Association • Finnish Board of Customs (www.tulli.fi/en) • In Numeri – Consultancy in Economics and (www.vwea.be) CZECH REPUBLIC • Finnish biogaz association Statistics (www.in-numeri.fr) • Walloon Energie Portal (www.energie.wallonie.be) • MPO – Ministry of Industry and Trade – RES (http://biokaasuyhdistys.net) • Observ’ER – French Renewable Energy Statistics (www.mpo.cz) • Metla – Finnish Forest Research Institute Observatory (www.energies-renouvelables.org) BULGARIA • Czech RE Agency – Czech Renewable Energy (www.metla.fi) • SVDU – National Union of Treatment and Recovery • ABEA – Association of Bulgarian Energy Agencies Agency (www.czrea.org) • Pienvesivoimayhdistys ry – Small Hydro of Urban and Assimilated Waste (www.abea-bg.org) • ERU – Energy Regulatory Office (www.eru.cz) Association (www.pienvesivoimayhdistys.fi) (www.incineration.org) • APEE Association of Producers of Ecological • CzBA – Czech Biogas Association (www.czba.cz) • Statistics Finland (www.stat.fi) • SER – French Renewable Energy Organisation Energy (www.apee.bg/en) • CZ Biom – Czech Biomass Association (www.biom.cz) • SULPU – Finnish Heat Pump Association (www.enr.fr) • BGA – Bulgarian Geothermal Association • Czech Wind Energy Association (www.csve.cz/en) (www.sulpu.fi) • SOeS – Observation and Statistics Office – (www.geothermalbg.org) • Suomen tuulivoimayhdistys – Finnish Wind Power Ministry of Ecology • Bulgarian Wind Energy Association DENMARK Association (www.tuulivoimayhdistys.fi) (www.statistiques.developpement-durable.gouv.fr) (bgwea.org.server14.host.bg/English/Home_EN.html) • DANBIO – Danish Biomass Association • TEKES – Finnish Funding Agency for Technology • CL SENES BAS – Central Laboratory of Solar Energy (www.biogasbranchen.dk) and Innovation (www.tekes.fi/en) GERMANY and New Energy Sources (www.senes.bas.bg) • Dansk Solvarme Forening - Danish Solar • Teknologiateollisuus – Federation of Finnish • AEE – Agentur für Erneuerbare Energien - • EBRD – Renewable Development Initiative Association (www. dansksolvarmeforening.dk) Technology Industries Renewable Energy Agency (www.ebrdrenewables.com) • Energinet.dk – TSO (www.energinet.dk) (www.teknologiateollisuus.fi) (www.unendlich-viel-energie.de) • Invest Bulgaria Agency • ENS – Danish Energy Agency (www.ens.dk) • VTT – VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland • AGEB – Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen (www.investbg.government.bg) • PlanEnergi (www.planenergi.dk) (www.vtt.fi) (www.ag-energiebilanzen.de) • NSI National Statistical Institute (www.nsi.bg) • SolEnergi Centret – Solar Energy Centre Denmark • AGEE-Stat – Working Group on Renewable Energy- • SEC – Sofia Energy Centre (www.sec.bg) (www.solenergi.dk) Statistics (www.erneuerbare-energien.de)

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Sources

204 205

• AGORA Energiewende - Energy Transition Think • DBFZ – German Biomass Research Centre • VDMA – Verband Deutscher Maschinen und • Magyar Pellet Egyesület – Hungarian Pellets Tank (www.agora-energiewende.de) (www.dbfz.de) Anlagenbau (www.vdma.org) Association (www.mapellet.hu) • BAFA – Federal Office of Economics and Export • DEWI – Deutsches Windenergie Institut • WI – Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment • MBE – Hungarian Biogas Association Control (www.bafa.de) (www.dewi.de) and Energy (www.wupperinst.org) (www.biogas.hu) • BBE – Bundesverband Bioenergie • EEG Aktuell (www.eeg-aktuell.de) • ZSW – Centre for Solar Energy and Hydrogen • MGTE – Hungarian Geothermal Association (www.bioenergie.de) Research Baden-Württemberg (www.zsw-bw.de) (www.mgte.hu/egyesulet) • BBK – German Biogenous and Regenerative Fuels • Erneuerbare Energien • Miskolci Egyetem – University of Miskolc Hungary Association (www.biokraftstoffe.org) (www.erneuerbare-energien.de) GREECE (www.uni-miskolc.hu) • Fachverband Biogas - German Biogas Association • EuPD Research (www.eupd-research.com) • CRES – Center for Renewable Energy Sources and • MMESZ – Hungarian Association of Renewable (www.biogas.org) • Exportinitiative Erneuerbare Energien – saving (www.cres.gr) Energy Sources (www.mmesz.hu) • BEE – Bundesverband Erneuerbare Energie - Export Initiative Renewable Energies • DEDDIE Hellenic Electricity Distribution Network • MSZET – Hungarian Wind Energy Association German Renewable Energy Federation (www.exportinitiative.de) Operator S.A.(www.deddie.gr) (www.mszet.hu) (www.bee-ev.de) • Fraunhofer-ISE - Institut für Solare Energiesysteme • EBHE – Greek Solar Industry Association • Naplopó Kft. (www.naplopo.hu) • BDEW - Bundesverband der Energie- und (www.ise.fraunhofer.de/) (www.ebhe.gr) • SolarT System (www.solart-system.hu) Wasserwirtschaft e.V (www.bdew.de) • Fraunhofer-IWES - Institute for Wind Energy and • HELAPCO – Hellenic Association of Photovoltaic • Biogasregister – Biogas Register and Energy System Technology Companies (www.helapco.gr) IRELAND Documentation (www.biogasregister.de) (www.iwes.fraunhofer.de/en.html) • HELLABIOM – Greek Biomass Association c/o CRES • Action Renewables (www.actionrenewables.org) • Biomasseatlas (www.biomasseatlas.de) • FNR – Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe - (www.cres.gr) • IRBEA – Irish Bioenergy Association • BMUB – Federal Ministry for the Environment, Agency for Sustainable Resources • HWEA – Hellenic Wind Energy Association (www.irbea.org) Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (http://international.fnr.de/) (www.eletaen.gr) • Irish Hydro Power Association (www.bmu.de) • FVEE – Forschungsverbund Erneuerbare • Small Hydropower Association Greece (www.irishhydro.com) • BMWi – Federal Ministry for Economics and Energien – Renewable Energy Research (www.microhydropower.gr) • ITI – InterTradeIreland (www.intertradeireland.com) Energy (http://www.bmwi.de/EN/root.html Association (www.fvee.de) • LAGIE - OPERATOR OF ELECTRICITY MARKET S.A. • IWEA – Irish Wind Energy Association • BWE – Bundesverband Windenergie - German • GTAI – Germany Trade and Invest (www.gtai.de) (www.lagie.info) (www.iwea.com) WindEnergy Association (www.wind-energie.de) • GtV – Bundesverband Geothermie • REIO – Renewable Energy Information Office • BSW-Solar – Bundesverband Solarwirtschaft - PV (www.geothermie.de) HUNGARY (www.seai.ie/Renewables/REIO) and Solarthermal Industry Association • GWS – Gesellschaft für Wirtschaftliche • Energiaklub – Climate Policy Institute • SEAI – Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland (www.solarwirtschaft.de) Strukturforschung (www.gws-os.com/de) (www.energiaklub.hu/en) (www.seai.ie) • BWP – Bundesverband Wärmepumpe - Heat Pump • ITAD – Interessengemeinschaft der Thermischen • Energy Centre – Energy Efficiency, Environment Association (www.waermepumpe.de) Abfallbehandlungsanlagen in Deutschland and Energy Information Agency ITALY • Bundesnetzagentur – Federal Network Agency (www.itad.de) (www.energycentre.hu) • AIEL – Associazione Italiana Energie Agroforestali (www.bundesnetzagentur.de) • KfW – Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau • Ministry of National Development (www.aiel.cia.it) • Bundesverband Wasserkraft – (www.kfw.de) (www.kormany.hu/en/ministry-of-national- • ANEV – Associazione Nazionale Energia del Vento German Small Hydro Federation • UFOP – Union zur Förderung von Oel und development) (www.anev.org) (www.wasserkraft-deutschland.de) Proteinpflanzen (www.ufop.de) • Hungarian Wind Energy Association • APER – Associazione Produttori Energia da Fonti • CLEW -Clean Energy Wire - • UMSICHT – Fraunhofer Institute for (www.mszet.hu) Rinnovabili (www.aper.it) (www.cleanenergywire.org) Environmental, Safety and Energy Technology • Hungarian Heat Pump Association • Assocostieri – Unione Produttorri Biocarburanti • Dena – German Energy Agency (www.dena.de) (www.umsicht.fraunhofer.de) (www.hoszisz.hu) (www.assocostieribiodiesel.com) • DGS – EnergyMap Deutsche Gesellschaft für • VDB – Verband der Deutschen • Hungarian Solar Energy Society • Assosolare – Associazione Nazionale dell’Industria Solarenergie (www.energymap.info) Biokraftstoffindustrie (www.biokraftstoffverband.de) Solar Fotovoltaica (www.assosolare.org)

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Sources

206 207

• Assolterm – Associazione Italiana Solare Termico LITHUANIA • MRA – Malta Resources Authority • PGA – Polish Geothermal Association (www.assolterm.it) • EA – State Enterprise Energy Agency (www.mra.org.mt) (www.pga.org.pl) • CDP – Cassa Depositi e Prestiti (www.cassaddpp.it) (www.ena.lt/en) • NSO – National Statistics Office (www.nso.gov.mt) • PIGEO – Polish Economic Chamber of Renewable • COAER ANIMA Associazione Costruttori di • LAIEA – Lithuanian Renewable Resources Energy • University of Malta – Institute for Sustainable Energy (www.pigeo.org.pl) Apparecchiature ed Impianti Aeraulici (www.coaer.it) Association (www.laiea.lt) Energy (www.um.edu.mt/iet) • POLBIOM – Polish Biomass Association • Consorzio Italiano Biogas – Italian Biogas • LBDA – Lietuvos Bioduju Asociacija (www.polbiom.pl) Association (www.consorziobiogas.it) (www.lbda.lt/lt/titulinis) NETHERLANDS • Polska Organizacja Rozwoju Technologii Pomp • LEEA – Lithuanian Electricity Association • Netherlands Enterprise Agency (RVO) (www.rvo.nl) Ciepła PORT PC (www.portpc.pl) • Energy & Strategy Group – Dipartimento (www.leea.lt) • CBS – Statistics Netherlands (www.cbs.nl) • PSG – Polish Geothermal Society diIngegneria Gestionale, Politecnico di Milano • LEI – Lithuanian Energy Institute (www.lei.lt) • CertiQ – Certification of Electricity (www.certiq.nl) (www.energia-geotermalna.org.pl) (www.energystrategy.it) • LHA – Lithuanian Hydropower Association • ECN – Energy research Centre of the Netherlands • PSEW – Polish Wind Energy Association • ENEA – Italian National Agency for New (www.hidro.lt) (www.ecn.nl) (www.psew.pl) Technologies (www.enea.it) • Lietssa (www.lietssa.lt) • Holland Solar – Solar Energy Association • TRMEW – Society for the Development of Small • Fiper – Italian Producer of Renewable Energy • LITBIOMA – Lithuanian Biomass Energy (www.hollandsolar.nl) Hydropower (www.trmew.pl) Federation (www.fiper.it) Association (www.biokuras.lt) • NWEA – Nederlandse Wind Energie Associatie • THE - Polish Hydropower Association (PHA) • GIFI – Gruppo Imprese Fotovoltaiche Italiane • LIGRID AB, Lithuanian electricity transmission (www.nwea.nl) (www.tew.pl) (www.gifi-fv.it/cms) system operator (www.litgrid.eu) • Platform Bio-Energie – Stichting Platform • GSE – Gestore Servizi Energetici (www.gse.it) • LS – Statistics Lithuania (www.stat.gov.lt) Bio-Energie (www.platformbioenergie.nl) PORTUGAL • ISSI – Instituto Sviluppo Sostenible Italia • LWEA – Lithuanian Wind Energy Association • Stichting Duurzame Energie Koepel • ADENE – Agência para a Energia (www.adene.pt) • ITABIA – Italian Biomass Association (www.itabia.it) (www.lwea.lt/portal) (www.dekoepel.org) • APESF – Associação Portuguesa de Empresas de • MSE – Ministry of Economic Development • Vereniging Afvalbedrijven – Dutch Waste Solar Fotovoltaico (www.apesf.pt) (www.sviluppoeconomico.gov.it) LUXEMBOURG Management Association • Apisolar – Associação Portuguesa da Indústria • Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico (www.rse-web.it) • Biogasvereenegung – Luxembourg Biogas (www.verenigingafvalbedrijven.nl) Solar (www.apisolar.pt) • Terna – Electricity Transmission Grid Operator Association (www.biogasvereenegung.lu) • Bosch & Van Rijn (www.windstats.nl) • Apren – Associação de energies renováveis (www.terna.it) • Chambre des Métiers du Grand-Duché de • Stichting Monitoring Zonnestroom (www.apren.pt) • UGI Unione Geotermica Italiana Luxembourg (www.cdm.lu) (www.zonnestroomnl.nl) • CEBio – Association for the Promotion of (www.unionegeotermica.it) • Enovos (www.enovos.eu) Bioenergy (www.cebio.net) • NSI Luxembourg – Service Central de la Statistique POLAND • DGEG – Direcção Geral de Energia e Geologia LATVIA et des Études Économiques • CPV – Centre for Photovoltaicsat Warsaw (www.dgeg.pt) • CSB –Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia • Solarinfo (www.solarinfo.lu) University of Technology (www.pv.pl) • EDP – Microprodução (www.edp.pt) (www.csb.gov.lv) • STATEC – Institut National de la Statistique • Energy Regulatory Office (www.ure.gov.pl) • SPES – Sociedade Portuguesa de Energia Solar • IPE – Institute of Physical Energetics et des Études Économiques (www.statec.public.lu) • Federation of employers renewable energy forum (www.spes.pt) (www.innovation.lv/fei) (www.zpfeo.org.pl) • LATbioNRG – Latvian Biomass Association MALTA • GUS – Central Statistical Office (www.stat.gov.pl) ROMANIA (www.latbionrg.lv) • MEEREA – Malta Energy Efficiency & Renewable • IEO EC BREC – Institute for Renewable Energy • Association Biofuels Romania • LBA – Latvijas Biogazes Asociacija Energies Association (www.meerea.org) (www.ieo.pl) (www.asociatia-biocombustibili.ro) (www.latvijasbiogaze.lv) • MIEMA – Malta Intelligent Energy Management • IMP – Instytut Maszyn Przepływowych • CNR-CME – World Energy Council Romanian • LIIA – Investment and Development Agency Agency (www.miema.org ) (www.imp.gda.pl) National Committee (www.cnr-cme.ro) of Latvia (www.liaa.gov.lv) • Ministry for Energy and Health • PBA – Polish Biogas Association (www.pba.org.pl) • ECONET Romania (www.econet-romania.com/) • Ministry of Economics (www.em.gov.lv) (http://energy.gov.mt)

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Sources

208 209

• ENERO – Centre for Promotion of Clean and • IDAE – Institute for Diversification and Saving of • UKERC – UK Energy Research Centre SWEDEN Efficient Energy (www.enero.ro) Energy (www.idae.es) (www.ukerc.ac.uk) • Avfall Sverige – Swedish Waste Management • ICEMENERG – Energy Research and Modernising • INE – Instituto Nacional de Estadística (www.avfallsverige.se) Institute (www.icemenerg.ro) (www.ine.es) SLOVAKIA • ÅSC – Angstrom Solar Center • ICPE – Research Institute for Electrical Engineering • Infinita Renovables (www.infinita.eu) • ECB – Energy Centre Bratislava Slovakia (www.asc.angstrom.uu.se) (www.icpe.ro) • MITYC – Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Trade (www.ecb2.sk) • Energimyndigheten – Swedish Energy Agency (www.mityc.es) • Ministry of Economy of the Slovak Republic (www.energimyndigheten.se) • INS – National Institute of Statistics (www.insse.ro) • OSE – Observatorio de la Sostenibilidad en (www.economy.gov.sk) • SCB – Statistics Sweden (www.scb.se) • Romanian Wind Energy Association (www.rwea.ro) España (www.forumambiental.org) • SAPI – Slovakian PV Association (www.sapi.sk) • SERO – Sveriges Energiföreningars Riks • RPIA -Romanian Photovoltaic Industry Association • Protermosolar – Asociación Española • Slovak Association for Cooling and Air Organisation (www.sero.se) (rpia.ro) de la Industria Solar Termoeléctrica Conditioning Technology (www.szchkt.org) • SPIA – Scandinavian Photovoltaic Industry • University of Oradea (www.uoradea.ro) (www.protermosolar.com) • SK-BIOM – Slovak Biomass Association Association (www.solcell.nu) • Transelectrica (www.transelectrica.ro) • Red Eléctrica de Espana (www.ree.es) (www.4biomass.eu/en/partners/sk-biom) • Energigas Sverige – (www.energigas.se) • SKREA – Slovak Renewable Energy Agency, n.o. • Uppsala University (www.uu.se/en/) SPAIN UNITED KINGDOM (www.skrea.sk) • Svensk Solenergi – Swedish Solar Energy Industry • AEE – Spanish Wind Energy Association • ADBA – Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas • SIEA – Slovak Energy and Innovation Agency Association (www.svensksolenergi.se) (www.aeeolica.es) Association – Biogas Group (UK) (www.siea.sk) • Svensk Vattenkraft – Swedish Hydropower • ADABE – Asociación para la Difusión (www.adbiogas.co.uk) • Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic Association – (www.svenskvattenkraft.se) delAprovechamiento de la Biomasa en España • BHA – British Hydropower Association (http://portal.statistics.sk) • Svensk Vindenergi – Swedish Wind Energy (www.adabe.net) (www.british-hydro.org) • The State Material Reserves of Slovak Republic (www.svenskvindenergi.org) • AEBIG – Asociación Española de Biogás • BSRIA – The Building Services Research and (www.reserves.gov.sk/en) • Swentec – Sveriges Miljöteknikråd (www.aebig.org) Information Association (www.bsria.co.uk/) • Thermosolar Ziar ltd (www.thermosolar.sk) (www.swentec.se) • AIGUASOL – Energy consultant • DECC – Department of Energy and Climate Change • URSO Regulatory Office for Network Industries • SVEBIO – Svenska Bioenergiföreningen/Swedish (www.aiguasol.coop) (www.decc.gov.uk) (www.urso.gov.sk) Bioenergy Association (www.svebio.se) • APPA – Asociación de Productores de Energías • DUKES – Digest of United Kingdom Energy • SVEP – Svenska Värmepump Föreningen Renovables (www.appa.es) Statistics (www.gov.uk/government) SLOVENIA (www.svepinfo.se) • ASIF – Asociación de la Industria Fotovoltaica • GSHPA – UK Ground Source Heat Pump Association • SURS – Statistical Office of the Republic of (www.asif.org) (www.gshp.org.uk) Slovenia (www.stat.si) • ASIT – Asociación Solar de la Industria Térmica • HM Revenue & Customs (www.hmrc.gov.uk) • Eko sklad – Eco-Fund-Slovenian Environmental (www.asit-solar.com) • National Non-Food Crops Centre (www.nnfcc.co.uk) Public Fund (www.ekosklad.si) • ANPIER – Asociación Nacional de Productores- • Renewable UK – Wind and Marine Energy • Slovenian Environment Agency - ARSO Inversores de Energías Renovables Association (www.renewableuk.com) (www.arso.gov.si/en/) (www.anpier.org) • Renewable Energy Centre • JSI/EEC The Jozef Stefan Institute – Energy • AVEBIOM – Asociación Española de Valorización (www.TheRenewableEnergyCentre.co.uk) Efficiency Centre (www.ijs.si/ijsw) Energética de la Biomasa (www.avebiom.org/es/) • REA – Renewable Energy Association • Tehnološka platforma za fotovoltaiko – • CNE – National Energy Commission (www.cne.es) (www.r-e-a.net) Photovoltaic Technology Platform • FB – Fundación Biodiversidad • RFA – Renewable Fuels Agency (www.pv-platforma.si) (www.fundacion-biodiversidad.es) (www.data.gov.uk/publisher/renewable-fuels-agency) • ZDMHE – Slovenian Small Hydropower Association • ICO – Instituto de Crédito Oficial (www.ico.es) • Ricardo AEA (www.ricardo-aea.com) (www.zdmhe.si) • Solar Trade Association (www.solar-trade.org.uk)

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION Sources

210 211

E OSEE OEES OLIE

E rObser’E broeters c be ooe F ort t te oo resses:

.eeres-reoebes.or .rcp.js.s/ce .eo.p/p/projet.t ttps://.ec./epertse/poc- stes/crret-projects . s-ep-cetre.or/projects .rec.e/e/crret-projects/ erobserer.t

oe pe o te ebste: .erobser-er.or

E E OSEE IEE SE

All EurObserv’ER Barometer data are downloadable through a cartographic module allowing internet users to conﬁgure their own query by crossing a renewable energy sector with an indicator (economic, energetic or political), a year and a geographic zone (a country or a group of countries) at the same time. The results appear on a map of Europe that also provides information on the potentials of the different sectors. The system also makes it possible to download desired results in PDF or Excel format ﬁles and to compare two indicators at the same time via a crosstab query.

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION 212

I FOIO

For ore etese or to pert to te ErObser’E bro eters, pese cotct:

Diane Lescot, Frédéric Tuillé Observ’ER 146, rue de l’Université F – 75007 Paris Tél. : + 33 (0)1 44 18 73 53 Fax : + 33 (0)1 44 18 00 36 E-mail : [email protected] Internet : www.energies-renouvelables.org

Scee or te et ErObser’E bro eters

Wind power >> February 2015

Photovoltaic >> April 2015

Solar thermal and concentrated solar power >> May 2015

Biofuels >> July 2015 E tor rector: Vincent Jacques le Seigneur Ground source heat pumps >> September 2015 ept e tor--ce: Laurence Augereau E tor coor to: Romain David Solid biomass >> Novembre 2015 E tors: Observ’ER (FR), Renac (DE), Institute for Renewable Energy (IEO/ EC BREC, PL), Jožef Stefan Institute (SI), ECN (NL), Frankfurt School of Finance & The State of Renewable Energies Management (DE) in Europe 15th EurObserv’ER Report >> December 2015 Cop e tor: Cécile Bernard Translation: Odile Bruder, Shula Tennenhaus Grpc es: Lucie Baratte/kaleidoscopeye.com Production: Alice Guillier ctors: bigre! et Lucie Baratte/kaleidoscopeye.com Coer poto cre t: Patrick Piro rte b Iprere Grps, eceber 2014 ISSN 2101-9622 39 euros

EUROBSERV ER THE STATE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN EUROPE EDITION O’E 146, rue de l’Université F–75007 Paris Tel.: +33 (0)1 44 18 00 80 www.energies-renouvelables.org