DOCSLIB.ORG

Michihiro Fujii the REACTION of PHENOLS and PHENYL ETHERS

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Michihiro Fujii the REACTION of PHENOLS and PHENYL ETHERS Ph.D. Chemistry Michihiro Fujii THE REACTION OF PHENOLS AND PHENYL ETHERS WITH CHLORINE K>NOXIDE ABSTRACT Phenol" ~resol" E.-cresol and anisole were each reacted with chlorine monoxide in carbon tetrachloride. From the main reaction" good yields ot chlorinated products were obtained. The minor reaction ot aU phenols ws chlorohydroxylation" and" in additicu" phenyl-phenyl coupling in the case ot E-cresol. The minor reaction ot anis ole was demethylation" and the demethylated products in turn gave the same type ot reaction products as !rom phenols. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy" and evidence ob­ tained by using diphenylpicrylhydrazt~ as an indicator" as well as the nature ot the products have suggested that the reaction prvceeds by a tree-radical mechanism" and such mechanisœ were accordingly proposed and discussed. Among the reaction products isolated" 2-chloro-4a,,9b­ dihydro-8,9b-dimethyl-3(4H)-dibenzoturanone, 2-chloro-4-hydroxy~­ methyl-2,5-cyclohexadienone" 3-chloro-5,5 1-dimethylbiphenyl-2,21- diol and 2-chloro-4-methylresorcinol were new compounds. Ph.D. M.Fujii "Reactions of Chlorine Monoxide with Phenols & Their Ethers" THE REACTION OF PHENOLS AND PHENfi. ETHERS WITH CHLORINE MONOXIDE Michihiro Fuji! B.Sc. (Cl1emistry); M.Sc. (Org. Cham.) A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of- v. Doctor of Philosophy Deparlment of Chemistry MCGill University Montreal September 1969 ® Michihiro Fujii 1970 • ACKNOWLEOOEMENTS The author wishes to express his sincere and deep gratitude to Dr. H.I. Bolker, Research Director, for his invaluab1e guidance, assistance and encouragement throughout the investigation and preparation of the thesis • Acknow1edgements are also extended to: Fellow members of the Organic Chemist17 SectiQn of the Pulp and Paper Research Institute of Canada for their advice and co-operation at ail times; Drs. D. Bowman and H. Falle for their assistance in e1ectron spin resonance experiments; MCGill University for a demonstratorship during 1967-68; The Pulp and Paper Research Institute ot Canada for a P.P.R.I.C. studentship trom 1968 to date. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page GENERAL INTRODUCTION ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 1 HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 4 Chlorine Monoxide •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 5 Reaction of Organic Compounds with Chlorine Monoxide.. 7 Chlorination of Phenols and their Ethers ••••••••••••• 12 1. Ch1orination b.r hypochlorous acid ••••••••••••• 12 2. Chlorination b.r !,-buty1 hypochlorite •••••••••• 13 3. Chlorination by m1ecular ch10rine •••••••••••• 15 4. Chlorination by suJ.1'ur.v1 chloride ••••••••••••• 18 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 20 Identification of Reaction Products •••••••••••••••••• 21 1. Reaction products t'rom phenol and chlorine mnoxide •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 21 2. Reaction products from p'-creso1 and ch10rine monoxide....................................... 23 3. The products from the reaction of 2,-creso1 with chlorine mnoxide ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 47 4. The products from the reaction of anisole with chlorine mnoxide ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 48 Reaction Mechanisms •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 52 Evidence of free-radicals •••••••••••••••••••••••• 52 The reaction of phenol and cresols ••••••••••••••• 59 The ortho:para ratios •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 60 The. formation of oxygenated products ••••••••••••• 61 The reaction of aniso1e •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 62 - ii - Page EXPERll-ŒNTAL ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 67 Preparation of chlorine monoxide •••••••••••••••••••••• 68 Reaction of P.heno1 with chlorine monoxide ••••••••••••• 69 Isolation of ~ andR-chloropheno1 •••••••••••••••••••• 69 Isolation of 2 1 4- and 216-dich1oropheno1 •••••••••••••• 70 Quantitative analysis of ~-chloropheno11 ~-ch1oro- ppeno11 214-dichloropheno1 and 216-dichloropheno1 ••••• 70 Separation of each component from the water extract.... 71 Identification of 2-ch1ororesorcino1 •••••••••••••••••• 71 Identification of 4-chlororesorcino1 •••••••••••••••••• 72 S,ynthesis of 2-ch1ororesorcino1 ....................... 72 3,ynthesis of 4-chlororesorcino1 ....................... 73 Reaction of ~-creso1 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 73 Separation and identification of each component in the sodium hydroxide-so1ub1e products from ~-creso1 ••••••• 74 1. 2-Chloro-~-cresol ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 74 2. 2,6-Dich1oro-~-creso1 ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 74 3. 3,3'-Dichloro-5,5'-dimethy1biphenyl-2,2'-diol •• 75 4. 3-Chloro-5-5'-dimethy1biphenyl-212'-diol •••••• 75 5. 5,5'-Dimethylbiphenyl-2,2'-dio1 ••••••••••••••• 76 Synthesis of 2-chloro-~-cresol •••••••••••••••••••••••• 76 Synthesis of 2,6-dichloro-~-cresol •••••••••••••••••••• 77 Isolation of 2-chloro-4a,9b-dihydro-8,9b-dimeth.vl- 3(4H)-dibenzofuranone ••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••. 77 c_ - iii - Separation of components of the water extracts from reaction of ~-cresol ••••••••••••••••••••••••• ~......... 78 1. 2-Chloro-4~ethylresorcinol •••••••••••••••••••• 78 2. 3-Chloro-5-methylcatechol •••••••••••••••••••••• 78 3. 2-Chloro-4-hydroxy-4-m.ethyl-2,5-cyclohexadienone 79 Treatment of 2-chloro-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2,5-cyclo- hexadienone with dilute sulfuric acid •••••••••••••••••• 79 Synthesis of 2-chloro-5-methylhydroquinone ••••••••••••• 80 Reaction of ~-cresol with chlorine monoxide •••••••••••• 81 Separation of products !.rom carbon tetrachloride soluble portion of reaction products from ~-cresol.............. 81 1. 6-Chloro~-cresol .............................. 81 2. 4-Ch1oro~-cresol •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 82 3. 4,6-Dichloro~-cresol •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 82 Synthesis of 4-chloro~-cresol ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 82 Synthesis of 4,6-dichloro~-cresol ••••••••••••••••••••• 82 ISola"t3.>on:af 2-chloro-4-methylresorcinol from the water extracts of products from ~-cresol ••••••••••••••••••••• 83 Reaction of anisole with chlorine monoxide ••••••••••••• 83 Gas chromatography of the carbon tetrachloride soluble portion of the anisole reaction proçlucts •• :............ 84 Separation of components from the water-soluble products fram anisole ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 85 1. Chlorobydroquinone •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 85 2. 2,4-Dichlororesorcinol •••••••••••••••••••••••• 86 3. 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 87 - iv- !3w. Synthesis ot chlorohydroqudnone •••••••••••••••••••••• 87 S,ynthesis ot 2,4-dichlororesorcinol •••••••••••••••••• 87 Detection ot chlororesorcinols in the reaction products trom ~ and ~-chlorophenol with chlorine monoxide ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 88 Reaction ot hydroquinone wi1h chlorine monoxide ••••••• 88 Reaction ot resorcinol with chlorine monoxide •••••••• 88 Electron spin resonance experiments on the reaction mixtures ot phenols and anisole with chlorine mon- oxide •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 89 Free-radical detection with diphenylpicr,ylhydra~l ••• 89 References ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 90 CLAIMS TO ORIGINAL HESEARCH •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 94 - v- LIST OF FIGURES 1. Reaction products (with yields) 1'rom phenol: and chlorine monoxide •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 22 2. Reaction products (with yields) 1'rom p-cresol and chlorine monoxide •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 24- In1'rared spectrum 01' 5,5'-dimethylbiphenyl-2,2'-diol ••• Z7 P.m.r. spectrum 01' 5,5'-dimethylbiphenyl-2,2'-diol ••••• 28 P.m.r. spectrum 01' 3,3'-dichloro-5,5 t -dimethylb1phenyl- 2,2' -diol •..•••••••.••...••••••••.•••..•.•••.•.•..••••. z:J 6. In1'rared 8pectrum 01' 3-chloro-5,5'-dimethylbiphenyl- 2,2'-diol •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 30 7. P.m.r. spectrum 01' 3-chloro-5,5 '-dimethylbipb~DI'l-2,2'- diol ..•..••••.....•.....••..•••••...••..•••.•..•..•..•. 32 8. Maas spectrum 01' 3-chloro-5,5'-dimethylb1phenyl-2,2'- diol ................................................... 33 9. In1'rared spectrum 01' 2-chloro-4a,9b-dihydro-8,9b-di- methyl-3(4H)-dibenzo1'uranone ••••••••••••••••••••••• 0... 34 10. P.m.r. spectrum 01' 2-chloro-4a,9b-dihydro-8,9b-dimethyl- 3(4H)-dibenzo1'uranone •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 36 il. Mass spectrum 01' 2-chloro-4a,9b-dihydro-8,9b-dimethyl- 3(4H)-dibenzo1'uranone •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 38 12. Ultra-violet spectrum 01' 2-chloro-4a,9b-dihydro-8,9b- dimethyl-3(4H)-dl,benzofuranone ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 39 13. Infrared spectrum of 2-chloro-4-methylresorcinol •••••••• 41 14. In1'rared spectrum of 3-chloro-5-methylcatechol •••••••••• 42 15. Infrared spectrum of 2-chloro-4-hydroxy-4-methyl- 2,5-cyclohexadienone ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 44 16. Maas spectrum of 2-chloro-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2,5- cyclohexadienone.................................... 45 17. P.m.r. spectrwn of 2-chloro-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2,5- cyclohexadienone ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 46 18. Reaction products (with yields) from .Q.-cresol and chlorine monoxide •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 49 19. Reaction products (with yields) frorn anis ole and chlorine monoxide .................................. 51 20. E.s .r. spectrum of the secondary free-radical pro­ duced b.Y the reaction of ~-cresol with chlorine JDOnonde ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 55 - vii - LIST OF TABLES 1. Coupling constants in the p.m.r. spectrum of 2- chloro-4a,9b-dihydro-8,9b-dimethyl-3(4H)-di- benzofuranone ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 35 2. Retention t:4nes and Rf values of chlorophenols
Load more

Recommended publications
  • [19] [11] Patent Number: 4518808
    Ulllted States Patent [19] [11] Patent Number: 4,518,808 Wang et a1. [45] Date of Patent: May 21, 1985 [54] PREPARATION OF [56] References Cited 2,5-DICHLOROHYDROQUINONE Us. PATENT DOCUMENTS _ 2,151,137 3/1939 Moness .............................. .. 568/765 [75] Inventors: Richard H. S. Wang; Garry L. Myers, 2,777,002 1/1957 Sullivan . 1 . .. 568/779 both of Kingsport, Tenn. 2,902,518 9/1959 Hurdis et a1. .... .. .. 568/726 X FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS [73] Asslgnee: Eastman Kodak Company’ 839972 6/1960 United Kingdom .............. .. 568/779 Rochester, NY. Primary Examiner—Bernard Hel?n Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Clyde L. Tootle; J. Frederick [21] Appl. No; 537,227 Thomsen [57] ABSTRACT . _ 7 [22] Flled' Sep' "9’ 1983 Disclosed is a process for the preparation of certain dichloro-hydroxy and alkoxy aromatic compounds by [51] Int. Cl.3 ............................................ .. C07C 37/62 reacting the corresponding unchlorinated compound [52] US. Cl. .................................. .. 568/765; 568/633; with sulfuryl chloride in the presence of acetic acid, 568/634; 568/656; 568/726; 568/737; 568/779 propionic acid or lower alkyl esters thereof. [58] Field of Search ............. .. 568/779, 656, 726, 737, 568/765, 649 1 Claim, N0 Drawings 4,518,808 - 1 2 methyl and methoxy being the most common. The aryl PREPARATION OF substituent may be phenyl or alkyl-substituted phenyl. 2,5-DICHLOROHYDROQUINONE The chlorination temperatures used may be varied widely, e.g. from about 15° to 110° C., depending on the DESCRIPTION particular compound being chlorinated. The chlorina This invention relates to a novel process for the prep~ tion promoting temperature preferably is in the range of aration of dichloro-hydroxy and alkoxy aromatic com about 30° to 80° C.
    [Show full text]
  • Multivalent Metals and Polyatomic Ions 1
    Name Date Comprehension Section 4.2 Use with textbook pages 189–193. Multivalent metals and polyatomic ions 1. Define the following terms: (a) ionic compound (b) multivalent metal (c) polyatomic ion 2. Write the formulae and names of the compounds with the following combination of ions. The first row is completed to help guide you. Positive ion Negative ion Formula Compound name (a) Pb2+ O2– PbO lead(II) oxide (b) Sb4+ S2– (c) TlCl (d) tin(II) fluoride (e) Mo2S3 (f) Rh4+ Br– (g) copper(I) telluride (h) NbI5 (i) Pd2+ Cl– 3. Write the chemical formula for each of the following compounds. (a) manganese(II) chloride (f) vanadium(V) oxide (b) chromium(III) sulphide (g) rhenium(VII) arsenide (c) titanium(IV) oxide (h) platinum(IV) nitride (d) uranium(VI) fluoride (i) nickel(II) cyanide (e) nickel(II) sulphide (j) bismuth(V) phosphide 68 MHR • Section 4.2 Names and Formulas of Compounds © 2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited 0056_080_BCSci10_U2CH04_098461.in6856_080_BCSci10_U2CH04_098461.in68 6688 PDF Pass 77/11/08/11/08 55:25:38:25:38 PPMM Name Date Comprehension Section 4.2 4. Write the formulae for the compounds formed from the following ions. Then name the compounds. Ions Formula Compound name + – (a) K NO3 KNO3 potassium nitrate 2+ 2– (b) Ca CO3 + – (c) Li HSO4 2+ 2– (d) Mg SO3 2+ – (e) Sr CH3COO + 2– (f) NH4 Cr2O7 + – (g) Na MnO4 + – (h) Ag ClO3 (i) Cs+ OH– 2+ 2– (j) Ba CrO4 5. Write the chemical formula for each of the following compounds. (a) barium bisulphate (f) calcium phosphate (b) sodium chlorate (g) aluminum sulphate (c) potassium chromate (h) cadmium carbonate (d) calcium cyanide (i) silver nitrite (e) potassium hydroxide (j) ammonium hydrogen carbonate © 2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited Section 4.2 Names and Formulas of Compounds • MHR 69 0056_080_BCSci10_U2CH04_098461.in6956_080_BCSci10_U2CH04_098461.in69 6699 PDF Pass77/11/08/11/08 55:25:39:25:39 PPMM Name Date Comprehension Section 4.2 Use with textbook pages 186–196.
    [Show full text]
  • Material Safety Data Sheet Scction I -IDENTIFICATION
    CREAf IN6 TO ORROW Material Safety Data Sheet Scction I -IDENTIFICATION Product Name: LITHIUM SULFURYL CHLORIDE CELLS AND BATTERIES (all hermetically sealed Electrochem CSC/PMX cells) Manufacturer: Electrochem Solutions (Subsidiary of Greatbatch, lnc) 670 Paramount Drive Raynham, MA 02767 USA Telephone: 781-830-5800 Fax: 781-575-1545 Transportation Emergency Number -CHEMTREC 1-800424-9300 Revision Date -2-1 5-201 3 Section 2 - COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS Hazardous Components: 1 ) Lithium- CAS#7439-93-2: TLV/PEL: None est. 2) Sulfuryl Chloride -CAS#7791 -25-5 TLV/PEL: None established 3) Chlorine (Cl2) -CAS# 7782-50-5 ACGIH: 0.5m9/m3 TWA/1ppm STEL 4) Carbon CAS# 1333-86-4 ACGIH: 3.5 mg/m3 TWA For cell lithium content, refer to technical datasheet information. Scction 3-HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION DANGER - lnternal contents are extremely hazardous. Leaking fluid is corrosive and dangerous upon inhalation. Battery may be explosive at higher temperatures. Do not expose to temperatures above the maximum rated temperature as specified by the manufacturer due to potential leak hazard. lf batterv leaks or vents: Primary Routes of Entry: Inhalation or skin contact Carcinogenicity: Not listed by NTP, IARC, or regulated by OSHA Health Hazards: Acute -Vapors are very irritating to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. lnhalation of sulfuryl chloride or thionyl chloride vapors can result in pulmonary edema. Chronic - Overexposure can cause symptoms of non-fibrotic lung injury. Signs and symtoms of exposure : Eye and mucous membrane irritation. Medical conditions generally aggravated by exposure: Asthma, or other respiratory conditions, skin allergies, and eczema. MSDS-OOO3 Rev. B ECO# I 1598 Page 1 (/atltlrvc toinoRpow Scction 4 -FIRST AID MEASURES Eye Contact: Flush with running water for at least 15 minutes while holding eyelids apart.
    [Show full text]
  • UV Spectroscopic Determination of the Chlorine Monoxide (Clo)/Chlorine Peroxide (Cloocl) Thermal Equilibrium Constant
    Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 6205–6215, 2019 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6205-2019 © Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. UV spectroscopic determination of the chlorine monoxide (ClO) = chlorine peroxide (ClOOCl) thermal equilibrium constant J. Eric Klobas1,2 and David M. Wilmouth1,2 1Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA 2Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Correspondence: J. Eric Klobas ([email protected]) Received: 22 October 2018 – Discussion started: 29 October 2018 Revised: 19 April 2019 – Accepted: 24 April 2019 – Published: 10 May 2019 Abstract. The thermal equilibrium constant between the net V 2O3 ! 3O2 (R5) chlorine monoxide radical (ClO) and its dimer, chlorine peroxide (ClOOCl), was determined as a function of tem- Within this cycle, the equilibrium governing the partitioning perature between 228 and 301 K in a discharge flow ap- of ClO and ClOOCl in Reaction (R1) is defined as follows. paratus using broadband UV absorption spectroscopy. A [ClOOCl] third-law fit of the equilibrium values determined from Keq D (1) [ClO]2 the experimental data provides the expression Keq D 2:16 × 10−27e.8527±35 K=T / cm3 molecule−1 (1σ uncertainty). A This thermal equilibrium is a key parameter that deter- second-law analysis of the data is in good agreement. From mines the nighttime partitioning of active chlorine in the the slope of the van’t Hoff plot in the third-law analy- winter–spring polar vortex.
    [Show full text]
  • Implementation Guidelines for the Environmental Emergency Regulations 2011
    Implementation Guidelines for the Environmental Emergency Regulations 2011 Print version Cat. No. En14-56/1-2011E ISBN: 978-1-100-19745-6 PDF version Cat. No. En14-56/1-2011E-PDF ISBN: 978-1-100-19746-3 Information contained in this publication or product may be reproduced, in part or in whole, and by any means, for personal or public non-commercial purposes, without charge or further permission, unless otherwise specified. You are asked to: • Exercise due diligence in ensuring the accuracy of the materials reproduced; • Indicate both the complete title of the materials reproduced, as well as the author organization; and • Indicate that the reproduction is a copy of an official work that is published by the Government of Canada and that the reproduction has not been produced in affiliation with or with the endorsement of the Government of Canada. Commercial reproduction and distribution is prohibited except with written permission from the Government of Canada’s copyright administrator, Public Works and Government Services of Canada (PWGSC). For more information, please contact PWGSC at 613-996-6886 or at [email protected]. © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, represented by the Minister of the Environment, 2011 Aussi disponible en français TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 PURPOSE OF THE IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES ................................................................................... 1 2.0 ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCY AUTHORITIES UNDER PART 8 OF CEPA 1999 ....................................... 3 3.0 BENEFITS
    [Show full text]
  • Stratospheric Ozone Is Destroyed by Reactions Involving
    20 Questions: 2010 Update Section II: THE OZONE DEPLETION PROCESS What are the chlorine and bromine reactions that destroy Q9 stratospheric ozone? Reactive gases containing chlorine and bromine destroy stratospheric ozone in “catalytic” cycles made up of two or more separate reactions. As a result, a single chlorine or bromine atom can destroy many thousands of ozone molecules before it leaves the stratosphere. In this way, a small amount of reactive chlorine or bromine has a large impact on the ozone layer. A special situation develops in polar regions in the late winter/early spring season where large enhancements in the abun- dance of the most reactive gas, chlorine monoxide, leads to severe ozone depletion. tratospheric ozone is destroyed by reactions involving before it happens to react with another gas, breaking the cata- Sreactive halogen gases, which are produced in the chemi- lytic cycle, and up to tens of thousands of ozone molecules cal conversion of halogen source gases (see Figure Q8-1). The during the total time of its stay in the stratosphere. most reactive of these gases are chlorine monoxide (ClO), bro- Polar Cycles 2 and 3. The abundance of ClO is greatly mine monoxide (BrO), and chlorine and bromine atoms (Cl increased in polar regions during winter as a result of reac- and Br). These gases participate in three principal reaction tions on the surfaces of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) (see cycles that destroy ozone. Q8 and Q10). Cycles 2 and 3 (see Figure Q9-2) become the Cycle 1. Ozone destruction Cycle 1 is illustrated in Figure dominant reaction mechanisms for polar ozone loss because of Q9-1.
    [Show full text]
  • Material Safety Data Sheet
    Material Safety Data Sheet Sulfuryl chloride fluoride, distilled, 99% ACC# 88306 Section 1 - Chemical Product and Company Identification MSDS Name: Sulfuryl chloride fluoride, distilled, 99% Catalog Numbers: AC176260000, AC176260100, AC176260250 Synonyms: Chloro fluoro sulfone; Chlorosulfonyl fluoride; Fluorosulfonyl chloride; Sulfonyl chloride fluoride; Sulfuryl chlorofluoride; Sulfuryl fluorochloride Company Identification: Acros Organics N.V. One Reagent Lane Fair Lawn, NJ 07410 For information in North America, call: 800-ACROS-01 For emergencies in the US, call CHEMTREC: 800-424-9300 Section 2 - Composition, Information on Ingredients CAS# Chemical Name Percent EINECS/ELINCS 13637-84-8 Sulfuryl chloride fluoride, distilled 99 237-126-2 Section 3 - Hazards Identification EMERGENCY OVERVIEW Appearance: clear, colorless clear liquid. Danger! Corrosive. Causes eye and skin burns. May cause severe respiratory tract irritation with possible burns. May cause severe digestive tract irritation with possible burns. Moisture sensitive. Target Organs: No data found. Potential Health Effects Eye: Causes eye burns. May cause chemical conjunctivitis and corneal damage. Skin: Causes skin burns. May cause skin rash (in milder cases), and cold and clammy skin with cyanosis or pale color. Ingestion: May cause severe and permanent damage to the digestive tract. Causes gastrointestinal tract burns. May cause perforation of the digestive tract. May cause systemic effects. Inhalation: Causes chemical burns to the respiratory tract. Inhalation may be fatal as a result of spasm, inflammation, edema of the larynx and bronchi, chemical pneumonitis and pulmonary edema. May cause systemic effects. May cause burning sensation, coughing, wheezing, laryngitis, shortness of breath, headache, nausea, and vomiting. Chronic: Effects may be delayed. Section 4 - First Aid Measures Eyes: Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids.
    [Show full text]
  • CDG Solution 3000TM Safety Data Sheet
    Emergency Telephone Number: 800-424-9300 24 hours/day, 7 days/week Emergency Telephone Number: 800-424-9300 24 hours, 7 days/week CDG Solution 3000TM Safety Data Sheet Section 1 – Chemical Product and Company Identification Product Identifier: Chlorine Dioxide 0.3% Aqueous Solution SDS No. CD-004 Other Means of Identification: Chlorine Oxide Solution Chlorine Peroxide Solution Chlorine (IV) Oxide Solution Chloroperoxyl Solution Recommended Use: Biocide Company: CDG Environmental, LLC 301 Broadway, Suite 420 Bethlehem, PA 18015 888-610-2562 484-821-0780 Emergency Phone Number: 800-424-9300 SDS # CD-004 CDG Solution 3000 Page 1 of 12 Emergency Telephone Number: 800-424-9300 24 hours, 7 days/week Section 2 – Hazards Identification GHS Classification: Skin Irritation: Category 2 Eye Irritation: Category 2B Acute Toxicity – Inhalation: Category 4 Signal Word: Warning Pictogram: Hazard Statements: Causes skin irritation Causes eye irritation Harmful in inhaled Precautionary Wash exposed areas thoroughly after handling. Statements: Wear protective gloves. Avoid breathing fume/gas/mist/vapors/spray. Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. If on skin: Wash with plenty of water. If skin irritation occurs: Get medical attention. If in eyes: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. If eye irritation persists: Get medical attention. If inhaled: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing. Call a doctor if you feel unwell. Specific treatment (see First
    [Show full text]
  • Toxicological Profile for Chlorine Dioxide and Chlorite
    TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR CHLORINE DIOXIDE AND CHLORITE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry September 2004 CHLORINE DIOXIDE AND CHLORITE ii DISCLAIMER The use of company or product name(s) is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. CHLORINE DIOXIDE AND CHLORITE iii UPDATE STATEMENT Toxicological Profile for Chlorine Dioxide and Chlorite, Draft for Public Comment was released in September 2002. This edition supersedes any previously released draft or final profile. Toxicological profiles are revised and republished as necessary. For information regarding the update status of previously released profiles, contact ATSDR at: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology/Toxicology Information Branch 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop F-32 Atlanta, Georgia 30333 CHLORINE DIOXIDE AND CHLORITE vi *Legislative Background The toxicological profiles are developed in response to the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) of 1986 (Public law 99-499) which amended the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA or Superfund). This public law directed ATSDR to prepare toxicological profiles for hazardous substances most commonly found at facilities on the CERCLA National Priorities List and that pose the most significant potential threat to human health, as determined by ATSDR and the EPA. The availability of the revised priority list of 275 hazardous substances was announced in the Federal Register on November 17, 1997 (62 FR 61332). For prior versions of the list of substances, see Federal Register notices dated April 29, 1996 (61 FR 18744); April 17, 1987 (52 FR 12866); October 20, 1988 (53 FR 41280); October 26, 1989 (54 FR 43619); October 17, 1990 (55 FR 42067); October 17, 1991 (56 FR 52166); October 28, 1992 (57 FR 48801); and February 28, 1994 (59 FR 9486).
    [Show full text]
  • Reactions of Enantiopure Cyclic Diols with Sulfuryl Chloride
    Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry Reactions of enantiopure cyclic diols with sulfuryl chloride Journal: Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry Manuscript ID: OB-ART-01-2014-000042.R1 Article Type: Paper Date Submitted by the Author: 06-Feb-2014 Complete List of Authors: Stevenson, P J; Queens University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Boyd, D; Queens University, Department of Chemistry Sharma, Narain; Queens University, Department of Chemistry Kaik, Magdalena; Queens University, Department of Chemistry McIntyre, Peter; Queens University, Department of Chemistry Malone, John; The Queens University of Belfast, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Note: The following files were submitted by the author for peer review, but cannot be converted to PDF. You must view these files (e.g. movies) online. graphicalextract.cdx Page 1 of 9 Journal Name Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry Dynamic Article Links ► Cite this: DOI: 10.1039/c0xx00000x www.rsc.org/xxxxxx ARTICLE TYPE Reactions of enantiopure cyclic diols with sulfuryl chloride Derek R. Boyd, Narain D. Sharma, Magdalena Kaik, Peter B. A. M cIntyre, John F. Malone and Paul J. Stevenson* 5 Received (in XXX, XXX) Xth XXXXXXXXX 20XX, Accepted Xth XXXXXXXXX 20XX DOI: 10.1039/b000000x Monocyclic allylic cis -1,2-diols reacted with sulfuryl chloride at 0 oC in a regio- and stereo-selective manner to give 2-chloro-1-sulfochloridates, which were hydrolysed to yield the corresponding trans -1,2- o 10 chlorohydrins. At -78 C, with very slow addition of sulfuryl chloride, cyclic sulfates were formed in good yields, proved to be very reactive with nucleophiles and rapidly decomposed on attempted storage. Reaction of a cyclic sulfate with sodium azide yielded a trans -azidohydrin without evidence of allylic rearrangement occurring.
    [Show full text]
  • Glossary Chem2007.Pdf
    An English‐Chinese and Chinese‐English Glossary of Terms Commonly Used in the Teaching of Chemistry in Secondary Schools 中學化學科常用英漢及漢英辭彙 Prepared by the Curriculum Development Council 2007 香港課程發展議會編訂 二零零七年 English-Chinese Glossaries of Terms Commonly Used in the Teaching of Chemistry in Secondary Schools 2007 ID English Chinese 1 (-)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid (-)-2,3-二羥基丁二酸 2 (—)-tartaric acid (—)-酒石酸 3 (+)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid (+)-2,3-二羥基丁二酸 4(＋)-tartaric acid (＋)-酒石酸 5 (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)ethanoic acid (2,4-二氯苯氧基)乙酸 6 (bromomethyl)benzene (溴甲基)苯 7 (chloromethyl)benzene (氯甲基)苯 8 (dichloromethyl)benzene (二氯甲基)苯 9 (trichloromethyl)benzene (三氯甲基)苯 10 cis--but-2-enal 順-丁-2-烯醛 11 cis-but-2-ene 順-丁-2-烯 12 cis-but-2-enoic acid 順-丁-2-烯酸 13 cis-butenedioate 順-丁烯二酸鹽；順-丁烯二酸<某>酯 14 cis-butenedioic acid 順-丁烯二酸 15 cis-butenedioic anhydride 順-丁烯二<酸>酐 16 cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) 順-二氨二氯合鉑(II)，順-二氯．二氨合鉑(II) 17 cis-methylbutenedioic acid 順-甲基丁烯二酸 18 cis-octadec-9-enoic acid 順-十八碳-9-烯酸 19 d-glucose 右旋葡萄糖 20 d-tartaric acid 右旋酒石酸 21 l-tartaric acid 左旋酒石酸 22 l-glucose 左旋葡萄糖 23 m- (meta-) 間 24 m-cresol 間甲酚 25 m-hydroxybenzoic acid 間羥基苯<甲>酸 26 m-nitrotoluene 間硝基甲苯 27 m-toluic acid 間甲苯<甲>酸 28 m-xylene 間二甲苯 29 meso-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid 內消旋-2,3-二羥基丁二酸 30 meso-tartaric acid 內消旋酒石酸 31 meso-tartrate 內消旋酒石酸鹽 32 N,N-dimethylaniline N,N-二甲基苯胺 33 N,N-dimethylbenzenamine N,N-二甲基苯胺 34 N,N-dimethylethanamide N,N-二甲基乙酰胺 35 N,N-dimethylphenylamine N,N-二甲基苯胺 36 N,N-diethylethanamine N,N-二乙基乙胺 37 N-(bromophenyl)ethanamide N-(溴苯基)乙酰胺 38 N-(nitrophenyl)ethanamide
    [Show full text]
  • SROC Annex V
    Annex V Major Chemical Formulae and Nomenclature This annex presents the formulae and nomenclature for halogen-containing species and other species that are referred to in this report (Annex V.1). The nomenclature for refrigerants and refrigerant blends is given in Annex V.2. V.1 Substances by Groupings V.1.1 Halogen-Containing Species V.1.1.1 Inorganic Halogen-Containing Species Atomic chlorine Cl Atomic bromine Br Molecular chlorine Cl2 Molecular bromine Br2 Chlorine monoxide ClO Bromine monoxide BrO Chlorine radicals ClOx Bromine radicals BrOx Chloroperoxy radical ClOO Bromine nitrate BrONO2, BrNO3 Dichlorine peroxide (ClO dimer) (ClO)2, Cl2O2 Potassium bromide KBr Hydrogen chloride (Hydrochloric acid) HCl Inorganic chlorine Cly Antimony pentachloride SbCl5 Atomic fluorine F Molecular fluorine F2 Atomic iodine I Hydrogen fluoride (Hydrofluoric acid) HF Molecular iodine I2 Sulphur hexafluoride SF6 Nitrogen trifluoride NF3 IPCC Boek (dik).indb 467 15-08-2005 10:57:13 468 IPCC/TEAP Special Report: Safeguarding the Ozone Layer and the Global Climate System V.1.1.2 Halocarbons For each halocarbon the following information is given in columns: • Chemical compound [Number of isomers]1 (or common name) • Chemical formula • CAS number2 • Chemical name (or alternative name) V.1.1.2.1 Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) CFC-11 CCl3F 75-69-4 Trichlorofluoromethane CFC-12 CCl2F2 75-71-8 Dichlorodifluoromethane CFC-13 CClF3 75-72-9 Chlorotrifluoromethane CFC-113 [2] C2Cl3F3 Trichlorotrifluoroethane CCl FCClF 76-13-1 CFC-113 2 2 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane
    [Show full text]