Herding 4 Health Southern Africa 2019-2023

HERDING 4 HEALTH SOUTHERN AFRICA 2019-2023

Sarah Frazee | Chief Executive Officer Werner Myburgh | Chief Executive Officer

CONSERVATION SOUTH AFRICA PEACE PARKS FOUNDATION CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL

Tel: +27 (0)21 100 3950 | [email protected] | Tel: +27 (0)21 880 5100 | [email protected] | www.conservation.org www.peaceparks.org

TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS

CBT Commodity-Based Trade TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... i CI Conservation International ACRONYMS ...... i CSA Conservation South Africa EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... ii CU Coordinating Unit WHY LIVESTOCK? ...... 1 FMD Foot and Mouth Disease GDSA Gaborone Declaration for Sustainability in Africa THE GOAL ...... 2 H4H Herding for Health THE HERDING 4 HEALTH MODEL ...... 2 HHRP Hans Hoheisen Research Platform EIGHT COUNTRIES, EIGHT CONSERVATION LANDSCAPES ...... 4 MNP Meat Naturally Pty KEY OUTCOMES ...... 8 NGO Non-Governmental Organisation PPF Peace Parks Foundation INSTITUTIONAL STRATEGY ...... 9 TFCA Transfrontier Conservation Area SUSTAINABILITY ...... 10

FINANCIAL REQUIREMENTS ...... 11 CONCLUSION ...... 11 ANNEXURES ...... 12 Annexure 1: Targeted Peace Parks Landscapes for Implementation ... 12 Annexure 2: Timeline of Key Milestones ...... 18 Annexure 3: H4H Framework for Delivery ...... 19 Annexure 4: Detail Budget Breakdown ...... 22

Rangelands representing 43 percent of Africa’s land and 53 million EXECUTIVE SUMMARY pastoralists competing daily with African wildlife for survival. Sustainability

in Africa is therefore dependent on breakthrough solutions to enable What is at stake? community-driven rangeland restoration and wildlife protection.

Conservation International and Peace Parks Foundation share a common What is the opportunity? belief: people need nature to thrive. Nowhere is this more evident than in In 1999, Africa’s first peace park was formally established between South Africa. And nowhere is there such rapid change as to threaten the very Africa and Botswana – the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park. Since then, six notion of sustainable living. The second largest continent in the world other peace parks have been formally established, spanning a total of 100 possesses immense natural wealth in its tropical forests, arid and wet million hectares throughout ten countries in southern Africa – making it savannas, massive ancient lakes, pristine coastlines, ancient minerals, and the largest terrestrial conservation movement on earth. The establishment soils. This is a continent where large mega-herbivores and their attendant and development of peace parks is a dynamic, exciting and multi-faceted carnivores still shape the ecosystem. Yet despite the abundant resources approach to jointly manage natural resources across political boundaries.. that surround them, nearly half the population in Africa lives on less than As the original catalyst, Peace Parks Foundation is the driver of continued $1.00 per day. Current livelihood options in rural areas are limited, and innovation and coordination within these peace parks. In May 2012, ten living adjacent to nature can negatively impact subsistence agriculture, African leaders gathered in Botswana to develop new approach to contributing to a cyclical trap of degradation, resentment, and poverty. If economic growth – one that will incorporate the true value of nature. people and nature are to continue to thrive, we need new models to Conservation International, present at this historic event, is now the regenerate and protect nature, not only in isolated parks, but at a scale official Secretariat of the Gaborone Declaration for Sustainability in Africa. that accommodates natural movements and promotes real rural development for people living closest to wildlife. These landmark agreements emerged from visionary African leaders that seek long-term prosperity for their nations and understand that What is the threat? development requires a balanced focus on both financial and environmental metrics that drive sustainable prosperity. The challenge will The human population of Africa is increasing at an unsustainable rate – be in putting this knowledge into practice. As such, Conservation more than doubling to 2.2 billion by 2050. Degradation of natural resources International (CI) and Peace Parks Foundation are now aligning efforts to is occurring at twice the rate of anywhere else on Earth. Illegal wildlife transform livestock production for communities and conservation within trade, unprecedented in recent times, is robbing the continent of its herds five peace parks landscapes and to inspire change across Southern Africa. of elephants, rhino, and antelope while uneven governance and political instability and widespread poverty pose continued challenges to long-term sustainability.

Herding 4 Health – A Transformative Approach production in southern Africa teams with potential to drive wildlife for wildlife-livestock coexistence that benefit conservation, ecological restoration, and economic development in the region. both people and nature In 2016, Conservation South Africa (CSA) established a new social Broadly, Herding 4 Health is based on addressing four key areas - enterprise to incentivise livestock production that would support a Rangelands, Animals, People, Policy – and entails creating opportunities to sustainable wildlife economy. The resulting Meat Naturally business is use skilled herders to reduce wildlife-livestock conflict and to manage guided by rigorous science-based practices that are articulated in livestock and rangelands for the regeneration of landscapes and water conservation agreements negotiated with communities. The business catchments that are critical for climate resilience whilst unlocking provides livestock production support and market access via mobile livelihood opportunities. auctions and abattoirs. Since 2016, Meat Naturally has facilitated livestock With pilot projects growing into sustainable models, an opportunity now sales for >1,500 farmers on >320,000 ha of high biodiversity rangeland in exists to convert the continent’s great rangelands into improvement in South Africa. More than R23 million ($1.55 million) has been made from Africans’ lives. Long recognised by policymakers and donors as a rhetorical livestock sales by participating farmers to previously inaccessible markets. priority for “development”, livestock production complementing a wildlife Due to its success, the Meat Naturally Pty team is poised to fulfil the economy is now attracting the serious attention needed to fulfil its transformative potential of engaging with livestock farmers to restore and transformative potential to provide skills, food security, and poverty conserve African nature, while providing a sustainable model for real alleviation on the continent. poverty alleviation on the continent.

To achieve this vision, Herding 4 Health aims to revolutionise production Our Ambitious Targets systems of the predominant agricultural commodity impacting the landscapes and livelihoods of communities adjacent to peace parks—red A programmatic partnership will deploy the successful Herding 4 Health meat. Livestock production in the savannahs and semi-arid regions of (H4H) approach to restore and conserve at least 1,000,000ha of high Africa—including the high biodiversity rangelands of Transfrontier biodiversity rangelands through improved livestock management by more Conservation Areas (TFCA)—has historically degraded ecosystems and than 15,000 farmers. The initiative will also directly enable and support decimated wildlife populations. While top predators such as leopard, employment of 800 people (which will be co-financed by government that cheetah, wild dog, and lions are killed or poisoned by farmers to prevent is activated by the programme) and benefit more than 500,000 people or retaliate for livestock loss, a host of other species that pass diseases or indirectly via access to improved ecosystem services (water come into conflict with livestock farming communities including migratory quality/quantity, soil nutrient cycling, flood retention, etc.). species such as elephant fall victim to disruptions by fences that are put in place to prevent disease risk to cattle. Yet, rich in cultural significance and with rapidly growing market demand for sustainable meat, livestock

iii WHY LIVESTOCK?

Livestock production is one of the oldest and most traditional livelihoods on the continent. For over 2,000 years African pastoralists have grazed with wildlife following paths linked to good fodder and water resources and in rhythm with seasonal climatic changes that enabled productive co-existence. Herders grouped the less predator savvy livestock into grazing patterns that minimised predation risk and gave palatable species and soil structure a chance to recover as they moved through large grazing areas determined by rainfall and temperature.

Due to natural population increases and economic development trends, southern Africa’s stock farmers are no longer able to lead nomadic lifestyles and, increasingly, stock farming in South Africa is responsible for the degradation of vegetation, wetlands, and biodiversity. Fence-based, extensive grazing management systems result in farming areas being continuously grazed—with associated species loss, erosion, and carbon emission impacts. This negatively impacts economic livelihoods of farmers and puts pressure on adjacent protected areas. The conservation goals of peace parks can be impacted by infringements into conservation areas as well as community contempt resulting from wildlife livestock disease transmission and predator livestock conflicts. As a result, livestock farmers and conservationists have been historically at odds with one another—each blaming the other for loss of the commodity they value most.

• contribute to sustainability for natural red meat value-chains via THE GOAL new social enterprise, Meat Naturally Pty (MNP), to enable

passive replication and sustainability of initial donor-based Working with livestock farmers, government, and the private sector, funding through capitalising on growing meat markets in Africa. Herding 4 Health Southern Africa aims to:

• promote agricultural, climate change, wildlife-friendly beef, and THE HERDING 4 HEALTH MODEL wildlife protection legislation that enables wildlife-livestock coexistence, landscape connectivity, and communal rangeland The Herding 4 Health programme is based on a model of using herding and livestock economies; livestock management to regenerate Africa’s rangeland ecosystems and • establish a Herding 4 Health community of practice network enhance climate change resilience of the communities dependent on amongst > 20 Non-governmental Organisations (NGO), trainers, them. The steps of the Herding 4 Health Model depends on executing and universities who can share lessons, and provide peer support conservation agreements with affected communities that agree to site- and contribute to best practice methods and tools; specific good practice defined by scientific and traditional knowledge. In most cases, much of the conservation agreement involves collective • support restoration and regenerative livestock management on grazing and/or corralling that is implemented by professional herders one million hectares through restoration and collective planned called “ecorangers”. Restoration and wildlife protection elements of the grazing practices in TFCA priority areas; agreement can be further incentivised by additional livestock production • empower 15,000 farmers adjacent to Transfrontier Conservation and training support and sustained through access to markets for their Areas to comply with conservation agreements and improve their livestock products and key market readiness interventions (legal livestock management to meet the new international standard for requirements and market systems) are a critical component that ensure “Commodity-Based Trade (CBT)” where applicable. income flow to participating farmers that leads to self-sustaining impact • contribute to the employment and professional status of >800 and replication. eco-rangers and rangeland restoration workers through consolidation of an accredited ecoranger curriculum and facilitation of training of professional herders in the region; • secure commitments to government investment into job creation for rangeland restoration via policy engagements on National Climate Change Strategies and preparation of proposals for Global Climate Finance;

The H4H Model

• Proposed Lower Orange TFCA involving portions of the /Ai/Ais- FIVE COUNTRIES, Richtersveld Transfrontier Park and Namaqualand TEN CONSERVATION LANDSCAPES • Maloti-Drakensberg TFCA, through an existing project in the Mzimvubu Catchment (South Africa), which will be expanded to The 2017/2018 H4H situational assessment identified tremendous involve communities in Lesotho stakeholder interest and economic viability of red meat commodity • Lubombo TFCA – Maputo Special Reserve (Matutuine District, development as a way to promote wildlife-livestock coexistence, adapt to Mozambique) with potential expansion into Swaziland and South climate change vulnerability, unlock additional livelihood options in TFCAs, Africa. and to build community-driven wildlife protection and resilience. Based on this analysis, the partners aim to implement the Herding 4 Health Kavango Zambezi TFCA, with pilots in the Simalaha Community Programme in ten conservation landscapes, involving five TFCA partner Conservancy in Zambia, Hwange Communal Lands of Zimbabwe, as well as countries over a period of 5-10 years depending on timing of funding. the Eretsha communities of the Okavango panhandle and Habu community Each of these areas will support conservation initiatives and efforts within of western Ngamiland. The objective is to expand these efforts into the Zambezi and Khaudum areas of Namibia. The project will embed and the region. amplify a shift to wildlife-friendly grazing practices that reverse The five TFCA partner countries that will be involved in the programme are, degradation trends through the following holistic approach: Botswana, Mozambique, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Efforts in Research: The project will partner with a network of universities and South Africa will consolidate governance, training, and embedding Herding research institutes using a One Health framework. One Health for Health into local government plans as a model and developing these acknowledges the link and interdependency between broadly speaking sites as learning sites for exchanges and training for other Southern African environmental health, animal health and human health and wellbeing. A sites. Efforts in the other countries will be to establish an enabling specific research programme to support the H4H Programme will be environment and demonstration landscapes within TFCAs that can serve initiated in 2019. Climate resilience, commodity-based trade, wildlife- as the basis for future national amplification with Global Climate Fund or livestock coexistence, community-driven approaches to wildlife crime alternative funding resources. prevention, sustainable resource utilization, poverty alleviation and The specific conservation areas that would benefit from the programme biodiversity conservation will feature strongly in the research approach. are as follows (also see map below and Annexures 1): Research teams will measure the impact of the project according to global standard indicators of ecosystem health, agricultural system or livestock • Great Limpopo TFCA (Lowveld/Bushveld), through three sites – health, and human well-being. We will also study carbon sequestration Mnisi Community (South Africa); Limpopo National Park and the impacts of the programme to describe mitigation benefits at the national Greater Libombos Conservancy (Mozambique) and landscape scale to inform policy engagements.

4 5 Community Empowerment: The project will empower communities Lowveld of South Africa where several strategic partners exist: the K2C through awareness to conservation action and market readiness. Using Mnisi learning site, Kruger National Park, Southern African Wildlife College, various tools and information that has been produced by the partners and the Hans Hoheisen Wildlife Research Station. The hub will facilitate related to mobilisation for sustainable livestock production, we will work training development specifically in the context of wildlife-livestock with new farming communities in our target landscapes to design and coexistence, community-driven wildlife crime prevention, and training and implement grazing plans that work in harmony with nature and meet data collection support to implementation sites. The prospect of a training commodity-based trade standards (see page 6). Through establishing a and research cattle herd in an open big five conservation property exist H4H Alliance consisting of all implementation partners, we will develop which will add significant value to training, research and protocol and test new modules on cooperative development, ecoranger development for support of implementation throughout southern Africa. deployment, commodity-based trade, wildlife-livestock coexistence, Market development: Rising demand in the international market for beef market readiness, and integrating rangeland restoration into government and the recently adopted non-geographic based trade standards for beef programmes. The experiences and insight of implementing partners will be in FMD control zones by the OIE provide new, but underdeveloped supply developed into a H4H Toolkit that will facilitate further expansion and chain opportunities in southern Africa. The project will catalyse new successful community empowerment. market access channels and traceability systems that benefit the rural Training and Capacity Building: The success of the H4H programme largely communities by working closely with Meat Naturally Pty. depend on the successful training and deployment of ecorangers or Policy alignment: Responding to invitations by government and industry, professional herders with the right skill sets. H4H has identified the core the programme team will work to ensure that national agricultural skills and competencies needed across the range of community- legislation and corporate policies support sustainable production. conservation interfaces in southern Africa. Many of these skills are already Specifically, the team will identify potential incentives (such as job part of new curricula such as what is presented by the Herding Academy of creation, animal health services, livestock-wildlife conflict mitigation the SACT and the African Centre for Holistic Management. Yet, several strategies, or climate change adaptation programmes) that can be used in aren’t yet featuring in curricula and 2019 will focus on embedding these in Herding 4 Health and advise on streamlining legislation across ministries. new and existing curricula and on working with training entities to make We will also host a GDSA community of practice on rangeland restoration training accessible to all implementation sites. These skills will hopefully and Sustainable Development Goals in 2020 and develop a policy paper feature in new curricula developed with partners such as the Herding and at least two Case Studies by the end of the project. Academy of the SACT, the Southern African Wildlife College, and Afrivet Training Services.

A key strategy to develop the necessary training, implementation support, research, and market access innovation for successful H4H roll out in SADC will be the establishment of a H4H Training and Development Hub in the

6 However, recently a new international trade standard was adopted What is Foot and Mouth Disease or FMD and why is it an by the OIE for beef produced in high-risk FMD areas. This issue? standard is commonly referred to as ‘commodity-based trade’ (CBT) and allows for the management of the disease risk of a beef FMD is a highly contagious transboundary animal disease that commodity instead of the place of origin. New scientifically- impacts the productivity of cloven-hoofed livestock. It does not defined protocols that eliminate the risk of disease spread for beef affect humans but does cause disease in many cloven-hoofed products have fuelled a quantum leap in local consumption and wildlife, such as impala. In southern Africa the FMD virus export potential of truly sustainable and environmentally-friendly naturally occur in free roaming buffalo from where it can be red meat from southern Africa. Unfortunately, institutions transmitted to livestock and other wildlife species. Due to the risk governing production of livestock in southern Africa are outdated of disease transmission in areas where free roaming buffalo occur and communal farmer capacity to implement these protocols is livestock producers near such protected areas are subject to severely limited. Demonstrations from CI-PPF and their partners restrictions to the movement of susceptible animals and their in South Africa are ripe with lessons that can address this barrier, products. In addition, the World Organization for Animal Health but they must be consolidated and refined before they can shape (OIE) traditionally requires geographic separation through game conservation and sustainable development strategies in the sub- proof fencing, zonation, and several disease control interventions region. for international trade in beef to proceed from countries with FMD. Veterinary Services of countries in the SADC have therefore fenced off vast areas where wildlife occur from livestock producing areas, mostly to the detriment of biodiversity conservation and rural development. Thousands of communal beef producers living on the edge of prime wildlife conservation areas were zoned and often fenced out of areas where trade in beef are allowed more freely. Farmers within disease control zones were left with very little market access and opportunity to benefit from the local and international demand for red meat. The presence of wildlife for these communities was therefore seen as the source of their inability to unlock the value of their most important assets – their cattle and goats. Local, informal market prices did little to offset the cost of living with wildlife, such as predation, competition for grazing and water, and disease spread. Wildlife-livestock interface

3. All demonstration projects are measured through robust and KEY OUTCOMES consistent Monitoring, Evaluation, Resolution, and Learning

framework. The overarching goal for this first phase of the Herding for Health 4. Existing South African sites serve as learning sites for expansion Programme is to develop a model of farmer-driven wildlife and livestock into southern Africa. co-existence and thriving communal rangeland economies that build 5. A professional team of select experience and expertise is part of resilience to the impact of climate change. the H4H Team in order to ensure the necessary support for H4H implementation across the region can be upheld. Specific outcomes are categorised as: Enabling Outcomes; Programmatic Development Outcomes: and Implementation Outcomes and have key Implementation Outcomes: milestones presented in Annexure 2. 1. 1,000,000ha of high biodiversity rangelands restored and Enabling Outcomes: conserved through improved livestock management 2. More than 15,000 farmers participating and benefiting from H4H 1. Principles that enable CBT are mainstreamed into all policy initiatives development processes related to livestock, wildlife and rangeland 3. Training and employment of 800 people (which will be co-financed management in southern Africa. by government that is activated by the programme) 2. H4H Programme is recognized and supported by individual TFCA 4. More than 500,000 people indirectly via access to improved structures where applicable. ecosystem services (water quality/quantity, soil nutrient cycling, 3. The H4H model is recognised for conservation and development flood retention, etc.). efforts of peace parks and the Gaborone Declaration for Sustainable Development at least 5 high-level dialogue platforms Sustainability Outcomes: and in at least two nationally endorsed climate-change policies and 1. Meat Naturally social enterprise is successfully scaled and bringing proposals >R40 million per annum of value to participating H4H farmers. Programmatic Development Outcomes: 2. At least two national job-creation programmes are supporting herder-based restoration in priority TFCA areas. 1. Technical capacity of Southern African farmers, conservation

agencies, and other key stakeholders is improved through workshops, training, and lessons sharing of a Memorandum of Understanding committed network of at least 20 organisations interested in H4H approaches. 2. Professional herder accreditation programmes is developed and tested to bring dignity to the profession

Stewardship Programme, and the TFCA governance and project structures, INSTITUTIONAL STRATEGY and the training facilities under the auspices of PPF, namely the Southern

African Wildlife College and the Herding Academy (SA College for Tourism), The overall H4H programme strategy recognises the reciprocal interaction for training and generating skills. between the creation of an enabling national and regional policy Finally, a key component of the strategy is to ensure both government and environment; the development of sector specific training and monitoring markets are leveraged as a core element of H4H for long-term tools; and the implementation of integrated landscape level sustainability. Meat Naturally and government job creation and climate demonstration projects within TFCAs (refer below figure). Work at the change strategies are the focal areas for strategic sustainability national scale with policy makers in government and value chains interacts development. directly with the feasibility of successful implementation projects with the land users at the landscape scale and vice versa. As such, the targeted For more information on the H4H Strategic Framework, please see landscapes for the first five years were selected based on the convergence Annexure 3. of social, economic and environmental opportunities within critical biodiversity areas where H4H tools and policies can best be put to work.

The lead partners will provide a core project team that will drive the Herding 4 Health delivery of wildlife-livestock coexistence through sustainable rangeland stewardship and climate-smart, wildlife friendly livestock production within these prioritised TFCA landscapes. Through this core team, existing organisations working in TFCA areas will be empowered and supported (technically and through policy and fundraising efforts) to implement the steps of the H4H Model to engage and improve the livelihoods of communal livestock farmers in wildlife corridors within TFCAs and their buffer zones. The team, which is likely to be decentralised across the region, will be available to support outcomes at the enabling and implementation level, but will also have a strong role in drawing supporting tools, guidelines, training materials and financial mechanisms from experiences from demonstration projects to amplify their impact by acting as a liaison between grassroots projects, science, global best The H4H Strategic Framework practice, and regional conservation platforms (e.g. TFCAs, Elephant Protection Initiative or EPI, GDSA). In this role, the core team will also leverage investments and lessons learned through CI Conservation

Herding 4 Health continue to endeavour to follow and implement market SUSTAINABILITY access solutions at all Herding 4 Health project sites. Also, part of the H4H

sustainability strategy, particularly South Africa and Botswana, will be to Herding for Health market engagements are implemented through capitalise on government job creation programmes to unlock the separate, for-profit entities that become vehicles that sustain ecological significant funding for wages for employment to build a cadre of commitments beyond donor funding. A primary market partner is Meat ecorangers who can become role models for sustainability in their Naturally Pty, a social enterprise that plays a critical role in the communities. In addition, new models for carbon trade linked to rangeland Herding 4 Health model in that it focuses on the market access and restoration as incentivised by Meat Naturally and enabled by H4H will be livestock product sales aspect that are best handled by a dedicated explored. These markets could unlock additional incentives for best commercial enterprise. The farmers associations that sell through MNP are practice adoption by communal livestock farmers at the wildlife-livestock given shareholding into the social enterprise and will receive dividends that interface. are distributed based on need versus set ratios. This provides additional insurance and augments the business case for local farmers participating in conservation agreements on the benefits of joining and selling through MNP. MNP’s stated mission is to revolutionise livestock production in Africa to address environmental degradation and social inequity by supporting communal farmers build market access for red meat. MNP is committed to only purchasing from farmers who sign negotiated conservation agreements to reverse impacts of the “tragedy of the commons” but once the rangeland is back to health, MNP converts the conservation agreement between the farmer and the NGO into a supplier contract. MNP operates off commission on sales so their incentives are to help get farmers to the best condition and trade opportunities they can. (Refer to Annexure 3 for further details on the key collaborators in the programme and their roles.)

The innovation of mobile abattoirs and auctions of MNP South Africa is a viable business that has received several awards for innovation. It currently operates at four and a half percent growth margin and estimates of continued growth in 2019. MNP is currently in the process of registering in Botswana and, if commercially viable, will register an entity in each of the countries as funding becomes available, and as key partners of Auction – Maloti-Drakensberg TFCA

FINANCIAL REQUIREMENTS CONCLUSION

The core costs for the Herding for Health coordination unit and seven Utilising the foundation of ongoing in-country work and the potential programme sites across South Africa, Zambia, and Mozambique is provided by TFCA activities and structures, CI and PPF, will pioneer an R164.5 million ($12.3 million) over a five-year period. This same budget approach to strengthen technical capacity, streamline policy frameworks, will cover core support from the coordination unit for the three prioritised and build efficient, sustainable agricultural supply chains that promote partner sites across Botswana and Zimbabwe. A summary budget is wildlife-livestock coexistence, community-driven wildlife protection, and provided in the table below and a detail breakdown in Annexure 4. climate resilience in key TFCA sites. This approach will ultimately provide practical solutions and models for addressing the critical social and environmental challenges facing agriculture, and will make a fundamental contribution to a new development path and the conservation of nature and its services to agriculture in Africa and beyond.

Summary Budget

EXPENDITURE ITEMS Y1 (2019) $ Y2 (2020) $ Y3 (2021) $ Y4 (2022) $ Y5 (2023) $ TOTAL $ Project Team 526,370 1,007,563 1,149,801 1,264,781 1,391,259 5,339,774 Rangeland Stewardship & Livestock Management Services 132,741 113,422 139,579 137,241 158,372 681,355 Travel 85,926 105,119 128,341 141,176 155,293 319,386 Equipment 181,630 266,533 291,476 156,996 167,318 1,063,953 Research Consultancy / Equipment / Software 68,296 44,326 48,759 53,634 58,998 274,013 Trainings, Strategic Planning Meetings & Special Events 204,370 224,807 247,288 272,017 299,219 1,247,702 Professional Services 80,370 59,630 48,148 52,963 58,259 299,370 Miscellaneous 68,519 84,259 92,685 101,954 112,149 459,566 Direct Administrative Support 112,148 123,363 135,699 149,269 164,196 684,676 Total (excluding Indirect Costs) $ 1,460,370 2,029,022 2,281,776 2,330,031 2,565,064 10,369,795 Indirect Costs (18.99%) $ 277,324 385,311 433,309 442,473 487,106 1,969,224 GRAND TOTAL $ 1,737,695 2,414,334 2,715,086 2,772,504 3,052,169 12,339,019

11 ANNEXURES interest in the H4H Model has been shown. Mainly through conservation agreement training and mentorship support; • build new market linkages to local and regional meat buyers for Annexure 1: Targeted Peace Parks animals available from these lands, including the use of the MNP Landscapes for Implementation mobile abattoir. Greater Libombos Conservancy: Mozambique Great Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Area To establish the Limpopo National Park as a critical component of the Great The programme in the Great Limpopo TFCA will focus on two of the five Limpopo TFCA, it is crucial that viable economies are developed within the sub-regions of this cross-national landscape: support zone and the areas adjacent to these. Currently, there is a huge Mnisi-Kruger to Canyon Biosphere Reserve: South Africa need for red meat within Mozambique, especially Maputo, and the Limpopo National Park area has traditionally supplied quite a large portion Building forth on the Mnisi Community Pilot Project within CSA’s Kruger to of this. Some infrastructure exists within the area, both at Massingir and Canyon’s landscape, CSA will- Chokwe, yet this is neither adequate, nor designed to address the demand. • develop the Mnisi site into a full learning site able to facility Funds for the full implementation of H4H in at least six villages in the learning exchanges to demonstrate H4H impact and what it takes Massingir District was secured for four years in 2018 and implementation to implement such a programme in an FMD area. will commence in 2019. It is envisioned that the successful roll out of the • Expand the momentum gained in 2018 with conservation H4H model in the Massingir area with the support of the PPF and Park agreements signed by two of the three pilot villages. management teams based in the Limpopo National Park will provide a • Successfully run further mobile abattoir trials which will support valuable proof of concept for amplification in the broader region. project expansion and into more villages. Significant progress has been made in Massingir in 2018 and everything is • Continue to support villages with ecoranger support, governance set for implementation in 2019 – 2022. Human-wildlife conflict, rangeland support, rangeland and livestock management support, market planning, and market development will be explicit focal areas of the H4H access as well as enterprise development opportunities. plan in Massingir and will pave the way for expansion to the LNP-Bahnine • Support the institutionalisation of H4H in Bushbuckridge policy corridor as well as the Libombos Conservancy area. The latter will be done approaches so as to facilitate broader impact and amplification through potential partnerships with implementers already active in the opportunities. area and interest in this regard has been established in 2018. • Use Mnisi strategically to offer support to livestock farming The project scoping performed in 2018 identified significant potential for communities along the western border of the Kruger National Park H4H implementation in Mapai as well as Chicaulacaula Districts situated in and within the broader Kruger to Canyons Biosphere where the LNP – Bahnine corridor. Mapai has started refurbishing a new abattoir which can provide crucial support to H4H in the area. The District

Administrators of both Districts welcomed the H4H model and • scaling-up wildlife-friendly farming in each of at least three consequently these areas should be targeted for expansion from the Namaqualand regions (Kamiesberg, Steinkopf, Richtersveld and/or Massingir District. Namakwa National Park) to conserve wetlands, unique plant diversity, and arid adapted leopard and caracal populations; Lower Orange Proposed Transfrontier • researching best practices for increasing resilience to climate Conservation Area – /Ais/Ais-Richtersveld change by looking at rangeland restoration for water conservation Transfrontier Park creating fodder reserves in old ploughed lands to reduce impacts The proposed Lower Orange TFCA which includes the /Ais/Ais-Richtersveld on natural habitat in times of drought; and Transfrontier Park covers a large portion of the Namakwa District, along • encouraging supply chains that recognise the unique the West Coast of South Africa. It is an arid region with the highest environmental practices and tastes of Namaqualand meat and succulent plant diversity in the world, and with an average annual rainfall offer this meat to consumers in a way that heightens awareness of less than 300mm. Forty percent of the plant species in the District occur and appreciation for this special area. nowhere else on Earth, and communal or commercial livestock farming is Over the next three years, lessons learned in this area will be shared with practiced throughout the region. This landscape includes over a million livestock owners within the Ais-Ais!-Richtersveld Transfrontier Park and hectares of semi-arid rangeland that is under pressure from a variety of strategies for replication with these farmers (focusing on South Africa, with human activities/impacts, in particular, mining, unsustainable fruit a view to working in Namibia after this project) will be developed during growing, overgrazing, and climate change. Anecdotal evidence suggests the first six months of this project. that farmers in the area lose up to ten percent of their livestock to predation, dramatically impacting their livelihood and forcing them to overstock and seek out lethal predator management options. Namakwa Ecoranger By working closely with these Namaqualand farmers and engaging with them on the industry that gives them their cultural identity, CI has succeeded in generating a new understanding of sustainable grazing. In 2012, a deal was brokered that brought communal and private farmers together to conserve 21,000ha of the Kamiesberg Mountain catchment and these farmers officially proclaimed their lands as the Three-Peaks Conservancy, an area dedicated to continual improvement in conservation farming practices. The MN team have signed conservation farming agreements with 227 farmers in biodiversity priority areas, including the Kamiesberg Mountain, within the Steinkopf and Leliefontein communal land. Plans for this area include:

Maloti-Drakensberg Transfrontier Conservation cattle herd management in corals on infected lands, re-growth of invasives Area can be prevented and protect massive government investment in alien clearing in the region. Through the TFCA management, Lesotho farmers The Mzimvubu catchment and river system lies along the northern have already participated in 2 learning exchanges on these methods and boundary of the Eastern Cape and forms the southern boundary of the are poised for action via this project. In this landscape, we will: Maloti Drakensberg TFCA. It extends from the rugged Lesotho escarpment the northern Wild Coast adjacent to the Indian Ocean and receives an • expand the eco-ranger model on communal rangelands average rainfall of 1,000-1,700mm a year. The watershed landscape covers throughout the catchment areas of the Mzimvubu, including those more than two million hectares and is comprised of almost 70 percent in Lesotho, to secure a mountain to sea ecological corridor; communal land. The Mzimvubu River is one of South Africa’s last free- • build understanding of human-animal-ecosystem health linkages flowing, undammed rivers. Biologically rich, and capturing nearly 15 amongst eco-rangers, livestock farmers, and government officials percent of the country’s annual run-off, the upper catchment of this river and extension officers, particularly with regards to water access is important in its own right. But, as the headwaters of a river system that and quality; provides water to a region where only six percent of the million inhabitants • develop and test a new farmer organisation training module for have piped water, the health of this catchment is crucial to South Africa’s consolidation into the UCPP Rangeland Restoration Tool-kit; development goals. As part of the former homeland area of South Africa, • offer market-readiness and introduce new cell phone based the entire upper catchment falls in the southern lower reaches of the technology to support livestock farming communities throughout Drakensberg Mountains along the Lesotho border. Currently, extensive the Maluti-Drakenberg Park buffer and Mzimvubu Catchment; and degradation and loss of habitat from livestock farming in both Lesotho and • build new market linkages to regional and national meat buyers for South Africa has resulted in a severely degraded grassland landscape, with the grass-finished animals available from these lands. high water runoff causing extensive soil erosion and poor-quality grazing. Funding was secured for 2019 for the introduction of the H4H model to The MN programme in this region is particularly strong with multiple communities on the Lesotho side of the Umzimvubu catchment and to partners working together with CSA under the umbrella of the uMzimvubu facilitate an exchange visit to the Umzimvubu site of the CSA. In addition, Catchment Partnership Programme (UCPP). Since the beginning of 2014, a feasibility assessment and a climate change risk assessment will be this programme has grown to 22,000 ha where the use of eco-rangers is conducted which will inform a detailed H4H implementation strategy as proving to be a highly effective method of promoting sustainable well as funding proposal. rangeland management (through rotational grazing), while at the same time building capacity of eco-rangers and local farmers to further understand and interact with their environment. In addition, this ‘ecoranger approach’ includes community-based alien clearing and maintenance to restore and sustain intact healthy rangelands. By using

Lubombo Transfrontier Conservation Area Funding has been secured to introduce the H4H concept to the conservation management and communities of the MSR in 2019. This will The Lubombo Transfrontier Conservation Area aims to protect the globally be followed by an exchange visit to the Mnisi learning site and a full prioritised biodiversity of the Maputaland Centre of Endemism. The feasibility and climate change vulnerability assessment. A strategy for H4H project will focus on the Maputo Special Reserve node which has an implementation and expansion into Swaziland will follow the successful extensive community development programme on sustainable fisheries, completion of the 2019 activities. food security projects at household levels, primary health care, the establishment of agricultural cooperatives for chilli, vegetables and Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area poultry, as well as the provision of water for livestock. Within this solid foundation of engagement, the partners will integrate a Herding 4 Health The Kavango-Zambezi TFCA is the largest single conservation area in the Project by utilising the community structures that have been established world, spanning nearly 520,000 square kilometres across five countries to assist with the facilitation of these various community development (see www.kavangozambezi.org). There is potential for Herding 4 Health to initiatives. Currently there are a lot of cattle within the Maputo Special support conservation goals throughout, and to catalyse this effort, the Reserve, as well as within the areas surrounding the protected area, with programme in the Kavango-Zambezi will focus on two demonstration areas the usual aversion between wildlife and livestock farmers stemming from in Botswana and Zambia. These sub-regions were selected for their predation and disease risk. Mitigation of these threats is essential for importance for conserving a key migratory corridor utilised heavily by progressing the conservation goals, and a project similar to that being elephant and livestock: undertaken within the Mnisi Community in the Great Limpopo TFCA would Simalaha Community Conservancy: Zambia be hugely beneficial to the three partner countries with a focus on Mozambique and South Africa in the first three years, extending to The Simalaha Community Conservancy is a crucial link in a wildlife corridor Swaziland. Within this landscape, we will: zone between Chobe National Park in Botswana and Kafue National Park in western Zambia. The region has traditionally been one of the main areas • develop and implement an appropriate conservation agreement where beef was produced in Zambia, yet very little benefit is derived by model to reduce bush encroachment and wildlife-livestock disease local livestock owners as a result of land degradation and FMD-related transmission risk on communal farms surrounding the Maputo market constraints. Through the long-standing Kavango Zambezi TFCA Special reserve; engagements, support was requested from the communities within the • introduce cell phone based technology for livestock and wildlife Conservancy regarding livestock production. A detailed study of the cattle monitoring industry commissioned by PPF indicates that there are 42,000 cattle in the • build veterinary capacity and understanding of human-animal- region and the local livestock owners have already set up the Mwandi ecosystem health linkages amongst eco-rangers, livestock farmers, Cattle Cooperative to assist with animal health and production issues. and government officials and extension officers; Using this foundation of information, Herding 4 Health will be introduced to respond to the community needs and further enhance the positive

15 relationship that has been established through the Simalaha Community • build veterinary capacity and understanding of human-animal- Conservancy. ecosystem health linkages amongst eco-rangers, livestock farmers, and government officials and extension officers; Funding has been secured to introduce the H4H concept to the Simalaha • offer support to livestock farming communities in the western communities and stakeholders in 2019. This will be followed by an buffer zone of the Okavango Delta (FMD Zone 2C) and provide exchange visit to a learning site and a full feasibility and climate change conservation agreement training and mentorship support to other vulnerability assessment. A detailed strategy and funding proposal for H4H non-governmental organisations in the area; implementation and the role it should fulfil in the KAZA landscape will • engage government institutions in developing an aligned job- follow the successful completion of the 2019 activities. creation for rangeland restoration policy and implementation Western Ngamiland: Botswana framework; and • build new market linkages to regional and national meat buyers The western border of the Okavango Delta is a crucial migratory path link (e.g. the Botswana Meat Commission) for the CBT approved to Zambia. The region is one of Botswana’s communal cattle production animals available from these lands. areas, and as a result of degradation and disease risk, the value of cattle from the area has been eroded. Conventional geographic approaches to In particular, over the course of 2018 two H4H implementation sites have disease risk management using fences and check points, have further been secured for action in 2019. The two sites are: constrained livestock production and impacted wildlife. Habitat within the wildlife management areas is being degraded, and human wildlife conflict Habu Community: is fuelling negative perceptions regarding wildlife. The Habu community initiative is a partnership between the Habu In 2016, Conservation International introduced the MN approach as an Community Trust and the Botswana Predator Conservation Trust opportunity to address these challenges, and build resilience of people and with whom CI has linkages. The Habu community trust received nature to the impacts of climate change. The government of Botswana has funds from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United committed to supporting the amplification of any successful Nations to implement a community guardian program to combat demonstration pilot in Ngamiland by paying for eco-rangers and their illegal bushmeat trade and has the potential to be developed into training, to create employment, and assist in unlocking the economic a full H4H implementation programme. Already in 2018 H4H potential of communal lands in the rest of Ngamiland, as well as two other provided significant support to the Habu pilot in preparation for Districts in the country. As such, this project will be a precursor to this H4H implementation. In addition, funding was secured for 2019 to larger Green Climate Fund project that will likely start in 2020. The pilot introduce H4H to the Habu community, conduct a feasibility will assessment and mobilise an exchange visit. A full climate change vulnerability assessment will also be conducted to support further fundraising effort for implementation post 2019.

CLAWS Conservancy: Unfortunately, high levels of predator-livestock conflict prevent effective lion dispersal through the area. The VFWT partnered with WildCRU to In 2019 H4H will start a partnership with CLAWS Conservancy implement predator-proof bomas in the area to mitigate wildlife-livestock which is situated in the Eretsha area of the eastern panhandle of conflict. However, they realized that the initiative must become the Okavango Delta. This is a critical corridor for wildlife movement sustainable and need to expand to improved rangeland management from the Delta to the Zambezi Region and into Angola. The area linked to sustainable value chain development as well. They approached experiences extreme levels of human-wildlife conflict, mainly in H4H for a partnership in this regard. the form of retaliatory killing of large predators such as lion. As a result, CLAWS started a herding programme and already have one Funding was secured for 2019 to introduce H4H to the Hwange village, Eretsha, herding their cattle by trained herders. There is communities through workshops and to facilitate an exchange visit to a interest to expand to adjacent communities in 2019. CLAWS seeks H4H learning site. A full feasibility assessment and a climate change a partnership with H4H to implement the full scope of the herding vulnerability assessment will be conducted in 2019 as well with which to and kraaling strategy linked to best practice as incentivised by develop a funding proposal for the full implementation of the H4H Model. market access and job creation. CLAWS also established interest A detailed H4H implementation strategy will be developed over the course from tourism operators in the adjacent protected area to support of 2019. their efforts. It provides H4H with a very good opportunity to serve as a support programme in an area of KAZA that is critical for ecosystem connectivity.

Funding was secured for 2019 to support this site with introductory workshops on H4H and an exchange visit to an implementation site. A feasibility assessment as well as a climate change vulnerability assessment will also be conducted to guide the roll out and further fund raising for full H4H implementation. A detailed implementation strategy will be developed over the course of 2019.

Zimbabwe: Hwange Communal Area H4H was approached by the Victoria Falls Wildlife Trust who support animal health and human-wildlife conflict mitigation activities in the Hwange communal farming areas around Victoria Falls. This area is a very Degraded rangelands for especially large predator movement in the KAZA landscape.

17 Annexure 2: Timeline of Key Milestones

January 2019—Key staff recruited and in place to support conservation agreement development and October 2019--Lessons Learned Meeting of trainers implementation and implementors. H4H Alliance Network Meeting

May 2019, November 2019— Signing of H4H Alliance MOU; Completion of next First Carbon Finance Pilot Study Launhed Meat Naturally Trial Slaughter in the GLTFCA Year 2 Eco-rangers graduaties . Conclusion of feasibiilties for six additional sites funded by GIZ.

March 2020— December 2020 H4H Annual Meeting. Fund raising for four Completion of consolidation of business additional H4H Sites based on 2019 case for carbon-benefits of Herding 4 Health feasibilities in South Africa

July 2020— June 2021—?? Potential approval and policy alignment with Botswana Green Climate Fund Project

December 2021--% of all targets on farmers, JJanuary 2023-Research, Case-Studies, and hectares, and community beneficiaries Training Modules complete and available for achieved use in Policy engagements

May 2022, December 2023— GDSA Community of Practice Meeting with all All targets and enabling outcomes achieved 5 countries in the project presenting on and funding for amplification beyond Herding 4 Health Programmes throughout Southern Africa secured

18 Annexure 3: H4H Framework for Delivery • Consolidate and Produce and Annual Southern Africa H4H Monitoring Dashboard. For the successful rollout of the H4H Programme across southern Africa there will be a H4H Coordination Unit that will oversee the Programme’s implementation and development by four categories of Partners; Research, Training, Implementation, and Market. The H4H Coordination Unit will fulfill the following functions:

• Catalyse and convene strategic networks and collaborations • Provides support at request of H4H Partners in terms of technical, fundraising, and project management • Enable lessons sharing and facilitate regional exchanges

The CU will consist of a Director who will oversee four management positions: Policy and Climate Change, Research, Livestock Production and Health, and Training who will provide strategic support to all partners and implementation teams.

In order to ensure Programme impact the institutional alignment for H4H Programme rollout will be structured based on Programme Sites and Partner Sites.

Programme Sites are sites where the Programme Coordination Unit is more directly involved in sites where either PPF or CI/CSA are responsible for project implementation. Partner Sites are sites where H4H is The key collaborators within the H4H Programme and their roles, are: implemented by a partner to which the H4H Coordination Unit provides programmatic support. • H4H Core Hosting Partners: CI, responsible for overall project coordination, conservation agreement training, and oversight of Within each site category there is differentiation between Learning Sites field level implementation; PPF, responsible for creating an and Expansion Sites. enabling environment, fund raising and coordination and liaison Learning Sites are specific sites identified based on progress and location with the government from the TFCA partner countries; and that to serve as a learning site for expansion in a specific TFCA or region. Monitoring and Evaluation systems and processes are adequately Expansion Sites are all additional sites where the H4H model is implemented and supported to facilitate reporting and fund implemented either by the Programme itself or by a partner. The criteria raising. and support for learning sites will be defined over the course of 2019. • Research Partners: responsible for ensuring that the processes regarding disease risk management, animal health and human

health are addressed in a scientifically sound manner. These services departments; the local communities and traditional leaders whose include the Universities of Auckland, Cornell, California, Pretoria, direct support and oversight enable the success of programme Stellenbosch, Grahamstown, Botswana, Namibia, and Cape Town. interventions; the livestock owners, as active participants and • Training Partners – Southern African Wildlife College and the SA beneficiaries; and finally, impact Investors into technology and College for Tourism’s Herding Academy, who would assume infrastructure where specific required, such as the mobile abattoirs and responsibility for training of the professional herders and related meat processing facilities. Governments can play a key role (funding and project staff. This will be in conjunction with H4H Training Alliance strategic collaborations) via their job creation and climate change partners such as Afrivet Training Services who will support investments for funding the salaries and basic training of ecorangers for curricular development on animal health management and deployment. certification. • Implementation Partners: Over and above CSA and PPF additional The figure below aims to illustrate the roles of each of the collaborators NGOs will become implementation partners from 2019 onwards. within the broader context of the programme. Partners already identified are: Botswana Predator Conservation Trust, Habu Community Trust, CLAWS Conservancy, Victoria Falls Wildlife Trust, Environment and Rural Solutions, LIMA, the Institute for Natural Resources, and the Kruger to Canyons Biosphere Reserve. These entities are directly involved in implementing H4H in various project sites. • Market Partners: Meat Naturally Pty Limited (MNP), a social enterprise that was established by CSA, responsible for market readiness training and provision of market access based on sound business principles; AHEAD who assist with development of enabling environment for the adoption and implementation of commodity-based trade standards.

In addition to the above direct collaborators, the project will involve the conservation authorities and, veterinary and livestock development

21 Annexure 4: Detail Budget Breakdown

EXPENDITURE ITEMS Y1 (2019) $ Y2 (2020) $ Y3 (2021) $ Y4 (2022) $ Y5 (2023) $ TOTAL $

Project Team 526,370 1,007,563 1,149,801 1,264,781 1,391,259 5,339,774 CI Senior Project Advisor 22,593 24,852 27,337 30,071 33,078 137,930 PPF Senior Project Advisor 22,593 24,852 27,337 30,071 33,078 137,930 Herding for Health Director 64,444 70,889 77,978 85,776 94,353 393,440 Herding for Health Manager (Policy and Climate Change) - 41,481 45,630 50,193 137,304 Herding for Health Manager (Research) - 44,852 49,337 54,271 59,698 208,157 Herding for Health Manager (Training) 40,741 44,815 49,296 54,226 59,649 248,726 Herding for Health Manager (Livestock Management & Implementation Support) - 41,481 45,630 50,193 55,212 192,516 Herding for Health Communications and Administration Assistant 20,741 22,815 25,096 27,606 30,367 126,624 Rangeland Stewardship Managers Coordinator (Full time X8: 7 Programme Sites and 1 - 342,222 376,444 414,089 455,498 1,588,253 KAZA Partner Support) Technical and Research Directors (35%)--Conservation Agreements, Ecology & Carbon, 102,222 112,444 123,689 136,058 149,664 624,077 Green Learning) Monitoring and Evaluation Officers (Full time X 8) 124,444 136,889 150,578 165,636 182,199 759,746 Landscape Coordination Support (Finance, HR, Admin Support) 128,593 141,452 155,597 171,157 188,272 785,071

Rangeland Stewardship & Livestock Management Services 132,741 113,422 139,579 137,241 158,372 681,355 Meat Naturally Programme Design and Training Support (avg 48 days pe annum) 17,778 19,556 21,511 23,662 26,028 108,535 Mobile predator proof kraaling units (32 X R 12,500 per 50x50 unit) 29,630 - 14,815 - 7,407 51,852

Eartag Data Base and Grazing Compliance Monitoring Management (MNP Prof Service) 10,667 11,733 12,907 14,197 15,617 65,121

Basic livestock vaccination and supplement incentives (R40,000 per landscape) 23,704 26,074 28,681 31,550 34,705 144,713 Incentives and Awards for herders (R32,000 per landscape) 18,963 20,859 22,945 25,240 27,764 115,771 Pasture Map/Other ICT app Annual License and Management (R54,000 per landscape) 32,000 35,200 38,720 42,592 46,851 195,363

EXPENDITURE ITEMS Y1 (2019) $ Y2 (2020) $ Y3 (2021) $ Y4 (2022) $ Y5 (2023) $ TOTAL $ Travel 85,926 105,119 128,341 141,176 155,293 319,386 Domestic flights 3,333 3,667 4,033 4,437 4,880 11,033 Regional flights 17,037 18,741 20,615 22,676 24,944 56,393 Local Travel (8 landscapes, R13,000 per month X12 months) 46,222 57,778 76,267 83,893 92,283 180,267 Travel and accommodation ( 12 people, x3 p.a. @R6000 each) 16,000 17,600 19,360 21,296 23,426 52,960 International flights (Conference/course attendance) 3,333 7,333 8,067 8,873 9,761 18,733

Equipment 181,630 266,533 291,476 156,996 167,318 1,063,953 Office furniture (8offices @ R3000 per office) 1,111 667 - - - 1,778 6 Tablets w Contract (2 per landscape for grazing associations) 28,444 31,289 34,418 37,860 41,646 173,656 12 Laptops w basic Microsoft and ESRI Packages (assumes replacement/growth for 2 in 29,333 - - 4,889 - 34,222 year 4) 3 Desktops w Printer for Administration Functions 3,333 889 - - - 4,222 8 project vehicles (Toyata Super Cab@ R440,000) - 143,407 157,748 - - 301,156 Vehicle Tires and Maintenance R50,000 per landscape per annum going to 75,000 by year 29,630 32,593 35,852 44,444 48,889 191,407 4 Project team shirts and hats and vest (R1000*12 H4H team members) 889 978 1,076 1,183 1,301 5,427 Ecoranger uniforms and protective gear (R2000 *30 ecorangers * 8 landscapes 35,556 39,111 43,022 47,324 52,057 217,070 Eco-ranger monitoring equipment (SMART, cameras, camping gear, clipboards, gps--Est, 53,333 17,600 19,360 21,296 23,426 135,015 R90,000 per landscape, with 30% growth/replacement per annum)

Research Consultancy / Equipment / Software 68,296 44,326 48,759 53,634 58,998 274,013 Professional services (40 days @ R28,000) 28,000 28,000 Consumables (soil bags, vials, chemicals, etc) for Research (35,000 per landscape per 20,741 22,815 25,096 27,606 30,367 126,624 annum) Other research costs (transport support, laboratory analysis, fencing, etc @33,000 per 19,556 21,511 23,662 26,028 28,631 119,389 landscape per annum)

Trainings, Strategic Planning Meetings & Special Events 204,370 224,807 247,288 272,017 299,219 1,247,702 Semi-annual strategic planning/team workshops w formal skills dev't input 22,222 24,444 26,889 29,578 32,536 135,669 Bursary and Living Allowance Support for Herder Training Academy Annual Programme 65,185 71,704 78,874 86,761 95,438 397,962 (2per landscape--incentive based) GDSA Community of Practice Meeting 20,370 22,407 24,648 27,113 29,824 124,363

EXPENDITURE ITEMS Y1 (2019) $ Y2 (2020) $ Y3 (2021) $ Y4 (2022) $ Y5 (2023) $ TOTAL $ Scientific Skills Development Trainings 16,296 17,926 19,719 21,690 23,859 99,491 Rangeland Restoration and Conservation Farming Training 16,296 17,926 19,719 21,690 23,859 99,491 Subsistence and Accommodation (6 nights per month*30 Ecorangers*8 landscapes) 64,000 70,400 77,440 85,184 93,702 390,726

Professional Services 80,370 59,630 48,148 52,963 58,259 299,370 Legal & insurance costs 4,444 18,519 25,926 28,519 31,370 108,778 Ecoranger Curriculum Development Consultant 20,000 10,000 30,000 Verified Carbon Standard Consultant 30,000 10,000 40,000 Expert business plan consultancies/Reviews 25,926 21,111 22,222 24,444 26,889 120,593

Miscellaneous 68,519 84,259 92,685 101,954 112,149 459,566 Community Based Ecosystem Rehabilitation team member incentives 31,481 34,630 38,093 41,902 46,092 192,198 Community Awareness Support via External Grants to Partners (up to R500,000 per 37,037 40,741 44,815 49,296 54,226 226,115 annum) Meat Naturally Auction Support Casual Labour Stipends - 8,889 9,778 10,756 11,831 41,253

Direct Administrative Support 112,148 123,363 135,699 149,269 164,196 684,676 Finance support (4 Days Per Month + 2 days for annual audit) 22,667 24,933 27,427 30,169 33,186 138,382 Telephone, 3G and internet 37,926 41,719 45,890 50,479 55,527 231,542 Stationary and resource material 8,889 9,778 10,756 11,831 13,014 54,268 Occupancy (R6000per month per landscape) 42,667 46,933 51,627 56,789 62,468 260,484

Total (Excl IDC) $ 1,460,370 2,029,022 2,281,776 2,330,031 2,565,064 10,369,795 Contingency (0%) $ - - - - Total (Inc Contingency) $ 1,460,370 2,029,022 2,281,776 2,330,031 2,565,064 10,369,795

Indirect Costs (18.99%) $ 277,324 385,311 433,309 442,473 487,106 1,969,224

GRAND TOTAL $ 1,737,695 2,414,334 2,715,086 2,772,504 3,052,169 12,339,019

24 “Help us look after our cattle and we will help you look after your rhino…” (Utah Nduna)