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Stratigraphy of the Niobrara Formation at Pueblo, Colorado

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Stratigraphy of the Niobrara Formation at Pueblo, Colorado Stratigraphy of the Niobrara Formation at Pueblo, Colorado By GLENN R. SCOTT and WILLIAM A. COBBAN SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 454-L A report of an informal subdivision and faunal conation of the Niobrara Formation UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1964 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 CONTENTS Page Page Abstra ct ___________________________________________ LI Stratigraphy Continued Introduction _______________________________________ 1 Smoky Hill Shale Member Continued Previous work._________________________________ 2 Upper chalky shale unit--------------------- L18 Stratigraphy _______________________________________ 4 Upper chalk unit__ ___________-------_------ 21 Fort Hays Limestone Member____________________ Calcareous beds at base of Pierre Shale.__________ 23 Fossils and age _____________________________ Incorrect usage of the names Timpas Limestone and Disconformity at the base of the Fort Hays Apishapa Shale_________________-_-_-_-------- 23 Limestone Member._______________________ Correlation ______________________-_-_-------------- 23 Smoky Hill Shale Member.______________________ Boulder area, Colorado-_________-_-_------__-_-- 25 Shale and limestone unit_____________________ East-central Utah_____. _________________________ 25 Lower shale unit_______.____________________ 10 Wind River Basin, Wyo_------------------------ 25 Lower limestone unit________________________ 11 Sweetgrass arch, Montana_______________________ 25 Middle shale unit___________________________ 13 References cited.-_____________-________-------_---- 26 Middle chalk unit_________________________ 17 _--_-_-_-_-_---___.--_--------------------- 29 ILLUSTRATIONS [Plates 1-11 follow index] PLATE 1. Inoceramus deformis Meek from shale and limestone unit of Smoky Hill Shale Member. 2. Fossils from Fort Hays Limestone Member. 3. Fossils from the lower shale and lower limestone units of Smoky Hill Shale Member. 4. Fossils from lower limestone and middle shale units of Smoky Hill Shale Member. 5-6 Fossils from lower part of middle shale unit of Smoky Hill Shale Member. 7. Fossils from upper part of middle shale unit of Smoky Hill Shale Member. 8. Stantonoceras pseudocostatum Johnson from upper part of middle shale unit of Smoky Hill Shale Member. 9. Inoceramus platinus Logan from middle chalk unit of Smoky Hill Shale Member. 10. Fossils from middle shale, middle chalk, and upper chalky shale units of Smoky Hill Shale Member. 11. Fossils from upper chalky shale unit and upper chalk unit of Smoky Hill Shale Member. Page FIGURE 1. Index map--______.__-___________--_-____-_-_---_______-__-_-__________ L2 2. Generalized geologic map of the Northwest Pueblo quadrangle_______________ 4 3. Fort Hays Limestone Member of Niobrara Formation___-_____--_________-__ 6 4. Shale and limestone unit of Smoky Hill Shale Member- _____________________ 9 5. Lower limestone unit of Smoky Hill Shale Member. _____-___._______-_-_--- 12 6. Concretion subunit of middle shale unit of Smoky Hill Shale Member____-_--_ 14 7. Ridge formed by middle chalk unit of Smoky Hill Shale Member-____________ 18 8. Concretionary subunit of upper chalky shale unit of Smoky Hill Shale Member. 19 9. Ridge formed by upper chalk unit of Smoky Hill Shale Member______________ 22 TABLES Page TABLE 1. Nomenclature and probable equivalency of outcropping Niobrara strata in eastern Colorado and Kansas. L3 2. Subdivisions of the Niobrara Formation at Pueblo, Colo.____________________________ ________---_-_- 5 3. Correlation of the Niobrara Formation and its equivalents.-__________-___________.----------------- 24 ni SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY STRATIGRAPHY OF THE NIOBRARA FORMATION AT PUEBLO, COLORADO BY GLENN R. SCOTT and WILLIAM A. COBBAN ABSTRACT The names Timpas Limestone and Apishapa Shale have been Eight lithologlc units were mapped in the Niobrara Formation abandoned, partly because they do not fit the natural lithologic of Late Cretaceous age during a study of the engineering geology division of the Niobrara as well as do the names Fort Hays of the Northwest Pueblo quadrangle. The thin Fort Hays and Smoky Hill and partly because they can not be recognized Limestone Member at the base is overlain by seven units in the as widely. thick Smoky Hill Shale Member, which, in ascending order, are: The Niobrara Formation of the Pueblo area is correlated with shale and limestone, lower shale, lower limestone, middle shale, rocks at Boulder, Colo., in central Utah, in the Wind River middle chalk, upper chalky shale, and upper chalk. Basin, Wyo., and on the Sweetgrass arch, Montana. At Boulder The Fort Hays is 40 feet thick. It is composed of thick beds the rocks are nearly identical to those at Pueblo, except that of limestone with almost no shale and contains three character­ they are less chalky. One different fossil, Haresiceras natro- istic fossil range zones Inoceramus aff. /. perplexus Whitfield, nense Reeside?, was found at the base of the upper chalk unit 7. erectus Meek, and 7. deformis Meek. at Boulder. The overlying shale and limestone unit is 22 feet thick. It In central Utah the rocks are composed of noncalcareous shale is composed of thick beds of limestone with much shale and and beds of sandstone. The fossil sequence is the same as at contains Inoceramus deformis. Pueblo but, in addition, Desmoscaphites l)assleri Reeside is found The lower shale unit is 56 feet thick. It contains dark-yellow­ in rocks equivalent to the lower part of the upper chalky shale ish-brown fissile calcareous shale and platy limestone and con­ at Pueblo. tains Inoceramus involutus Sowerby and other Inoceramus of In the Wind River Basin, correlative rocks are composed of unknown affinity. shale, sandy shale, and sandstone. They contain one additional The lower limestone unit consists of a cyclic repetition, 37 fossil, Haresiceras montanaense (Reeside), which is slightly feet thick, of light-gray limestone and gray shale beds and con­ older than H. placentiforme and which probably can be found tains Inoceramus involutus Sowerby, Inoceramus stantoni Soko- in the middle of the upper chalky shale at Pueblo. low, Phlycticrioceras oregonense Reeside, Neocrioceras n. sp., On the Sweetgrass arch correlative rocks are composed of and Pseudobaculites sp. sandstone, calcareous and noncalcareous shale, siltstone, benton­ The middle shale unit contains gray platy silty shale, a thin ite beds, and limestone concretions. The fossil sequence is the bed of light-olive-gray sandy shale, a limestone concretion sub- siame as at Pueblo except for the additional occurrence of unit, and, in the upper part, thin beds of shaly limestone. It Desmoscaphites erdmanni Cobban, D. bassleri Reeside, and is 280 feet thick. In the lower few feet it contains Scaphites Haresiceras mancosense (Reeside) in beds correlative with the depressus var. stantoni Reeside, 8. binneyi Reeside, Inoceramus upper chalky shale unit at Pueblo. stantoni Sokolow, 7. undulaioplicatus Roemer, and Protexanites shoshonensis (Meek). The middle part is characterized by INTRODUCTION Clioscaphites saxitonianits (McLearn), Tej-anites americanus (Lasswitz), Stanto-noceras pseudocostatum Johnson, and This paper presents the results of fieldwork in 1961 Inoceramus cordiformis Sowerby. About 50 feet below the top on the Niobrara Formation of Late Cretaceous age at it contains CUoscaphites vermiformis (Meek and Hayden). A Pueblo, Golo. The formation was subdivided and in­ few feet below the top it contains CUoscaphites choteauensis formal names were applied to seven units in the Smoky Cobban. The middle chalk consists of gray hard platy chalk, 28 feet Hill Shale Member. Excellent exposures of nearly the thick, separated by beds of gray hard fissile chalky shale. It entire formation made possible the measurement of a contains CUoscaphites choteauensis Cobban and Inoceramus detailed stratigraphic section and the collection of hun­ platinus Logan. dreds of fossils most of which were previously un­ The upper chalky shale unit consists of pale-yellowish-brown known. Many of the fossils were found to be limited fissile chalky shale, 270 feet thick, that contains many beds of bentonite and large concretionary masses of shaly limestone. to zones whose boundaries coincide with the contacts of Fossils in the lower part include. Inoceramus simpsoni Meek, 7. the lithologic subdivisions. Furthermore, many of the patootensis de Loriol ?, and 7. platinus Logan; fossils in the fossils are known from time-equivalent rocks in other upper part include Haresiceras placentiforme Reeside, Scaphites parts of North America and Europe, and the Niobrara cf. 8. hippocrepis (DeKay), and Baculites cf. B. haresi Reeside. is correlated with these rocks. The contacts of the type The upper chalk unit consists of olive-black chalk, 8 feet thick, that contains Inoceramus simpsoni Meek and large smooth Timpas Limestone and type Apishapa Shale were baculites. studied in order to decide which nomenclature should Ll L2 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY be used at Pueblo. As a result of this work, the exact rangles that have been mapped. A detailed geologic relation of the Timpas Limestone and Apishapa Shale map showing each unit of different lithology was need­ to the Fort Hays Limestone and Smoky Hill Shale ed so that the engineering characteristics could
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