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S-0880-0002-04-00001
Expanded Number S-0880-0002-04-00001
Title |tems-in-Disarmament - general -1965
Date Created 11/02/1965
Record Type Archival Item
Container s-0880-0002: Disarmament Matters Files of the Secretary-General: U Thant
Print Name of Person Submit Image Signature of Person Submit UNITED NATIONS INTEROFFICE MEMORANDUM
TO: A: The Secretary-General
THOUGH,
FROM. Vladimir P. Suslov, DE: Under-Secretary for Political and Security Council Affairs
SUBJECT: Disarmament Affairs
I have always felt that it is very desirable to bring a greater degree of clarity into the sphere of responsibility within the Secretariat with regard to the all important field of disarmament, and perhaps there is now an opportunity to do away with the rather artificial division of responsibilities in disarmament affairs that has existed for some time. The Department of PSCA has always borne exclusive responsibility for all the work on disarmament and related fields. The Disarmament Affairs Group in this Department has attended to both the substantive and servicing functions connected with the problem. In particular, officers from the Department have been responsible for servicing the ENDC meetings in Geneva. In the circumstances stated above and in thelight of the experience during the past three years, it would seem that there is really no need to have a very senior officer of the rank of Under-Secretary present constantly in Geneva or, indeed, to have such an officer dealing with the problem in New York. At the same time, the appropriate senior officers, in particular the Under-Secretaries for Special Political Affairs would, of course, be kept informed of all developments in disarmament and related fields." In addition you may find it desirable to nominate someone on an ad hoc basis to represent you at the disarmament discussions on any given occasion if and when the need arises. Aside from this, I suggest that this Department should deal with all questions in the disarmament and related fields, including the servicing of ENDC meetings under the supervision of my deputy, Mr. Vellodi, who has the overall responsibility for the work in this area,and Mr. Epstein who is the Chief of the Disarmament Affairs Group. UNITED NATIONS Distr. DISARMAMEN GENERAL DC/210 31 March 1965 ENGLISH ORIGINAL: RUSSIAN
LETTER DATED ?1 MARCH 19&5 3KCM THE PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVE OF THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS TO THE UNITED NATIONS, ADDRESSED TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL REQUESTING A MEETING OF THE DISARMAMENT • COMMISSION
On the instructions of the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics I hereby request you to convene the United Nations Disarmament Commission. As is stated in the report transmitted by the Eighteen-Nation Committee on Disarmament to the United Nations Disarmament Commission and to the nineteenth
session of the United Nations General Assembly (A/5731? DC/209)} protracted discussion on disarmament questions in the Committee did not lead to the attainment of any specific agreement either on questions of general and complete disarmament or on measures aimed at the lessening of international tension. On adjourning its 'proceedings in September 19&H, the Eighteen-Nation Committee decided to resume its meetings "as soon as possible after the termination of the consideration of disarmament at the nineteenth session of the General Assembly, on a date to be decided by the two Co-Chairmen after consultation with the members of the Committee". For known reasons, however, it proved impossible for the Eighteen-Nation Committee's report and the state of the disarmament negotiations as a whole to be discussed at the nineteenth session of the General Assembly. Nevertheless, the course of international events requires the adoption of effective measures in the matter of disarmament and limitation of the arms race. The problem of disarmament affects the vital interests of all States. The peoples are entitled to expect the United Nations to make a thorough examination of the disquieting state of disarmament negotiations in the Eighteen-Nation Committee and to help in charting specific courses along which progress can be made in those negotiations. Since no such discussion took place in the United Nations General Assembly, the Soviet Government considers it necessary that the 65-06105 /... DC/210 English Page 2
United Nations Disarmament Commission, on which all States Members of the United Nations are represented, should be convened. The Soviet Government considers it desirable that the Unitedfia tion s Disarmament Commission should begin work as soon as possible, in the first half of April 1965, Ple'ase circulate .this letter as an official document of the United Hat ions Disarmament Commissione
(Signed) If. Pel-ra. tent Repjri.-stMts'.iive of the .USSI? to the united nations UNITED NATIONS Distr. DISARMAMENT GENERAL PC/211 COMMISSIO 5 April 1965 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
LETTER DATED 1 APRIL 1965 FROM THE SECRETARY-GENERAL TO THE MEMBERS OF THE COMMISSION
The Secretary-General of the United Nations ... has the honour to refer to
resolution 1U03 (XIV)? adopted "by the General Assembly at its fourteenth session, by which the Assembly noted with approval the report of the Disarmament Commission that contained the resolution adopted on in September 1959 (DC/146) which, inter .a3-iaj recommended to the General Assembly "that the Disarmament Commission as set up by General Assembly resolution 1252 D (XIII) of 4 November 1958 should continue in being and be convened whenever deemed necessary". The Secretary-General has just received a letter dated 31 March 1965 (DC/210) from the Permanent Representative of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics to the United Nations in which it has been stated that the Soviet Government considers it necessary that the United Nations Disarmament Commission, on which all States Members of the United Nations are represented, should be convened. The Secretary- General would be grateful to receive the views of the Government of ... regarding this matter. The Government of the USSR has further indicated that it considers it desirable that the Disarmament Commission should begin work as soon as possible, in the first half of April 19^5. The Secretary-General wishes to inform the members that he could make arrangements to convene a meeting of the Commission on 13 April 1965. However, in his final decision regarding the date of the meeting, the Secretary-General will be guided by the reactions of the members of the Commission and would appreciate receiving the views of the Government of ... in the matter.
65-06563 \/ UN/TED NATIONS DISARMAMENT COMMISSION H2TGLISH
LETTER DATED 12 APRIL 1963 JKOM HIE" TO THE MEivIPERS OP TEE COMMISSIOH
The Secretary-General of the United Nations presents his compliments to the Permanent Representative of _ ._ __^_ and has the honour to refer to his note PO 131/4 Sated 1 April 1965™^ in connexion with the convening of the Disarmament Commission* The Secretary-General -wishes to state that on the "basis of the consultations undertaken by him on the subject, he has decided to convene a meeting of the Disarmament Commission on Wednesday, 21 April 1965, at 3 p.m. The Secretary-General wishes to add that the first meeting on 21 April 1965 id.ll he devoted to the opening of tha meeting and the organizational question of elections and that the substantive work of the Commission will commence on 26 April 1965.
l/_ Issued as document DC/211. 65-07137 UN/TED NATIONS Distr. GENERAL GENERAL V A/5912 15 April 1965 ASSEMBLY ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH/SPANISH
Nineteenth session
LETTER DATED lU APRIL 1965 FROM THE PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVE OF BRAZIL TO THE UNITED NATIONS ADDRESSED TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL
In my capacity as First Vice-Chairman of the Preparatory Commission for the Denuclearization of Latin America, I have the honour to forward, herewith, a copy of the Final Act of the first session of that Commission held in Mexico City between 15 and 22 March 1965. In accordance with resolution U of the same Commission, I request that the above-mentioned text be circulated as an official document of the General Assembly, following paragraph 2 of resolution 1911 (XVIIl).
(Signed) Jose SETTE CAMARA First Vice-chairman of the Preparatory Commission for the Denuclearization of Latin America
65-05891 A/5912 English Page 3
PREPARATORY COMMISSION FOR THE DENUCLEARIZATION OF LATIN AMERICA
Mexico City, D.F., 22 March 1965
P - 003
Sir,, At its sixth meeting, on 19 March 19^5; the Preparatory'Commission for the Denuclearization of Latin America adopted a resolution (resolution h), entitled "Transmittal of the Final Act to the United Nations", in which it decided: "To ask the Chairman of the Commission to transmit to the Secretary- General of the United Nations the text of this Final Act, with the request that he should have it distributed as a General Assembly document for the information of Members of the United Nations in connexion with resolution 1911 (XVIIl), paragraph 2." In accordance with the resolution quoted above, I have the honour to transmit to you five copies of the aforesaid Final Act, which was unanimously adopted by the Commission at the closing meeting of its first session today. Accept, Sir, etc.
(Signed) Alfonso GARCIA ROBLES Chairman of the Preparatory Commission for the Denuclearization of Latin America
His Excellency U Thant Secretary-General of the United Nations New York, N-Y. PREPARATORY COMMISSION FOR THE DENUCLEARIZATION OF LATIN AMERICA Distr. GENERAL
COPREDAL/9 22 March 1965
FINAL ACT
of the
FIRST SESSION £F THE PREPARATORY COMMISSION FOR THE DENUCLEARIZATION OF LATIN AMERICA
held at Mexico City, from 15 to 22 March 1965 FINAL ACT
The first session of the Preparatory Commission for the Denuclearization of Latin America was held at Mexico City from 12 to 22 March 19^5^ in accordance with the provisions of paragraph k of resolution II of the Preliminary Meeting on the Denuclearization of Latin America and the notice given by the General Secretary on 26 February 1965.' The Latin American Republics which, together with the membership of their respective delegations,, are listed below were represented at the session: Argentina Representative: Ambassador Silvano Santander Alternate representative: Mr. Samuel Daien Bolivia Alternate representative: Mr. Walter Arce Pacheco Brazil Representative: Ambassador Jose Sette Camara Alternate representative: Mr. Octavio Luiz de Berenguer Cesar Adviser: Mr. Marcos Castrioto de Azambuja Chile Representative: Ambassador Horacio Suarez Herreros Alternate representative; Mr. Enrique Cobo del Campo Colombia Representative: Mr. Carlos Escallon Villa Alternate representative: Mr. Jorge Quintero y Quintero Costa Rica Representative: Ambassador Fernando Barrenechea Alternate representative: Mr. Carlos A. Moreno Domini can Republi c Representative: Ambassador Jose Antonio Fernandez Caminero Alternate representative: Mr. Tulio Enrique Marti Brenes Ecuador Representative: Ambassador Fernando Chaves El Salvador Representative: Ambassador Rafael Eguizabal Tobias Haiti Representative: Ambassador Julio Jean Pierre Audain Honduras Representative: Ambassador Federico E. Poujol Alternate representative: Mr. Manuel Gamero -2-
Mexico Representative: Ambassador Alfonso Garcia Robles Alternate representative: Ambassador Ismael Moreno Pino Advisers: Mr. Jesus Cabrera Munoz-Ledo Mr. Edmundo Castro Villarreal Mr. Agustin Munoz de Cote Mr. Carlos Graef Fernandez Nicaragua Representative: Ambassador Alejandro Arguello Montiel Alternate rperesentative: Mr. Santos Vanegas Gutierrez Panama Representative: Ambassador Jose B. Cardenas Alternate representative: Mr. Jose B. Calvo Paraguay Representative: Ambassador J. Ufa tali cio Gonzalez Peru Representative: Ambassador Alvaro Rey de Castro Adviser: Mr. Boe Hernan Ramirez Lituma Uruguay Representative: Ambassador Enrique Rodriguez Fabregat Alternate representative: Mr. Anibal Abadie-Aicardi Adviser: Mr. Alfredo Giro Venezuela Representative: Ambassador Rolando Salcedo Delima The Government of Guatemala accredited Mr. Francisco Linares Aranda, its Ambassador to Mexico, as observer. The Government of the Netherlands accredited Mr. L-A.M. Lichtveld as observer. The Government of Yugoslavia accredited Mr. Ealibor Soldatic, its Ambassador to Mexico, as observer. The deliberations of the Preparatory Commission were centred upon the following item which appeared in its agenda: Preparation of the preliminary draft of a multilateral treaty for the denuclearization of Latin America and, to that end, execution of the preparatory measures and studies referred to in resolution II of the Preliminary Meeting on the Denuclearization of Latin America. At its first meeting, the Preparatory Commission elected the following officers by acclamation: -3-
Chairman: Ambassador Alfonso Garcia Robles, representative of Mexico. Vice-Chairmen: Ambassador Jose Sette Camara, representative of Brazil, and Ambassador Rafael Eguizabal 'Tobias, representative of El Salvador. Ambassador Carlos Peon del Valle, having been appointed by the Government of Mexico in accordance with paragraph 6 of resolution II of the Preliminary Meeting on the Denuclearization of Latin America, served as General Secretary of the Preparatory Commission. Mr. Carlos Gonzalez Parrodi served as Deputy Secretary and Mr. Antonio Gonzalez de Leon, Mr. Sergio Gonzalez Galvez and Mr. Jose Luis Vallarta as Assistant Secretaries. During its discussion at the first and second meetings, on 15 and l6 March the Preparatory Commission took note of the communications addressed to the General Secretary by the diplomatic missions of Guatemala and the Netherlands accredited to Mexico concerning the attendance of its meetings by observers from their respective countries. Accordingly, the Commission welcomed Mr. Francisco Linares Aranda as the observer appointed by the Government of Guatemala. At its second meeting, the Commission also agreed to authorize its officers to admit observers from any State Member of the United Nations which notified the General Secretary of its desire to send observers. From the 3rd meeting on 17 March 1965 onwards Mr. L.A.M. Lichtveld, with the consent of the officers of the Commission, attended the meeting, as observer for the Government of the Netherlands, and from the 7th meeting onwards Mr. Dalibor Soldatic, Ambassador of Yugoslavia to Mexico, who was appointed as observer by his Government, was also present. At its 2nd meeting, on l6 March 19^5, the Preparatory Commission adopted its rules of procedure. The text of the rules of procedure is set out in document COPREDAL/3, dated 17 March 1965. As a result of its dicussions, the Preparatory Commission unanimously adopted the following resolutions: -h-
RESOLUTION 1
Organization of the work of the Preparatory Commission for the Denuclearization of Latin America
The Preparatory Commission for the Denuclearization of Latin America, Bearing in mind the provisions of resolutions I and II adopted "by the Preliminary Meeting on the Denuclearization of Latin America, and in particular the task entrusted to the Commission in paragraph 2 of resolution II, namely, "to prepare a preliminary draft of a multilateral treaty for the denuclearization of Latin America and, to this end, to undertake the preparatory studies and measures which it considers appropriate", Recalling that the Preliminary Meeting decided, in the same paragraph, that the Preparatory Commission for the Denuclearization of Latin America "shall constitute from its membership the working groups which it deems necessary and which shall perform their functions either at the headquarters of the Commission or elsewhere, as appropriate, and a committee to co-ordinate their work, to be called the 'Co-ordinating Committee'", Recalling further that the Preliminary Meeting, in paragraph 3 of the above-mentioned resolution, recommended that the Commission should give priority in its work to the matters specified in that paragraph, Noting that, under rule 14- of its rules of procedure, the Commission agreed that "the Co-ordinating Committee shall be composed of the Chairman of the Commission, who shall preside, the two Vi,ce-Chairmen or their representatives, and the Chairmen of the working groups or their representatives. The Commission shall delegate to the Committee such functions as it may deem appropriate", Considering that the General Assembly of the United Nations, in its resolution 1911 (XVIIl) entitled "Denuclearization of Latin America", requested the Secretary-General of the United Nations "to extend to the States of Latin America, at their request, such technical facilities as they may require in order to achieve the aims set forth in the present resolution", Decides •
That the Co-ordinating Committee, constituted in accordance with the provisions of rule 1^ of the rules of procedure of the Preparatory Commission for -5-
the Denuclearization of Latin America, shall have its headquarters at Mexico City, and shall be responsible for the performance of the following functions and of such other functions as may hereafter be delegated to it by the Commission: (a) Co-ordination of the work of the working groups of the Commission, and (b) Consideration of material received from the working groups cr prepared or compiled "by the Committee itself, as it deems appropriate, for subsequent use in the formulation of the preliminary draft of a multilateral treaty for the denuclearization of Latin America which the Commission is instructed to prepare.
II
To establish three working groups having headquarters, membership and functions specified below:
Working Group A
Working Group A shall have its headquarters at United Nations Headquarters in New York City, shall be composed of the representatives of Argentina, Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama and Uruguay, and shall be: responsible for the performance of the following functions: 1. Definition of the geographical boundaries of the area to which the multilateral treaty to be concluded for the denuclearization of Latin America shall apply, 2. Action designed to secure the collaboration in the Commission's work of any Latin American Republic which is not yet a member of the Commission and of all other sovereign States, present or future, situated within the prospective boundaries of the area, and 3- Action designed to ensure that the extra-continental or continental States which, in addition to the Latin American Republics and the sovereign States referred to above, exercise de jure or de facto international responsibility for territories situated within the boundaries of the geographical area in question, agree to contract the same obligations with regard to those territories as the above-mentioned Republics and States contract with regard to their own, it being understood that the act of treating with the Power which at present exercises control over a given territory claimed by one of the Latin American Republics in no -6-
way prejudges the political status of that territory and cannot be interpreted in a manner prejudicial to the interests of that Republic.
Working Group B
Working Group B shall have its headquarters at Mexico City, shall be composed of the representatives of El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay and Peru, and shall be responsible for effecting a study on the methods of verification, inspection and control which should be adopted to ensure the faithful fulfilment of the obligations contracted under the treaty.
Working Group C
Working Group C shall have its headquarters at United Nations Headquarters in New York City, shall be composed of the representatives of Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Nicaragua and Venezuela, and shall be responsible for action designed to obtain from the nuclear Powers a commitment to the effect that they will strictly respect the legal instrument on the denuclearization of Latin America as regards all its aspects and consequences. The Latin American representatives in the Eighteen-Nation. Committee on Disarmament, which meets at Geneva, shall effect liaison between the Working Group and the Committee in respect of those aspects of the Working Group's work for which such liaison may be desirable.
LII
In accordance with the provisions of rules l6 and 17 of the rules of procedure of the Preparatory Commission, a majority of the members of the Co-ordinating Committee or of the Working Groups shall constitute a quorum, and shall in either case be governed by the terms of those rules of procedure.
IV
The Co-ordinating Committee may request of the Secretary-General of the United Nations such technical facilities as it may deem necessary for the better performance of its functions. The Working Groups may do likewise, through the Co-ordinating Committee, as regards their respective functions. -7-
v
The Working Groups shall transmit to the Co-ordinating Committee on 1 July 1965 interim reports on their work, and on 1 August 19&5 the reports which they are required to submit, through the Committee, to the Preparatory Commission for consideration at its second session.
VI
The Preparatory Commission shall hold its second session at Mexico City from Monday, 23 August 1965, onwards. (Adopted at the 6th meeting, on 19 March 19^5)
RESOLUTION 2
Draft resolution submitted toy the Argentine Eepublic on the establishment of a Latin American Standing Committee on Denuclearization
The Preparatory Commission for the Denuclearization of Latin America, Having taken cognizance, with the greatest interest, of the draft resolution submitted by the delegation of the Argentine Republic and reproduced in document COPREDAL/L/1 of 15 March 1965, Expressing its gratitude to the delegation of the Argentine Republic for the valuable contribution which the draft resolution represents for the future progress of its work, Considering, however, that the said draft resolution contains provisions of an executive character, since the proposed Latin American Standing Committee on Denuclearization would be responsible for "the organization, regulation, control, execution and supervision of the verification and implementation of the decisions taken by the Preparatory Commission for the Denuclearization of Latin America", Decides That the Argentine draft resolution shall be referred to the Co-ordinating Committee, which shall give it due consideration and shall, at such time as it deems appropriate in the light of the course of the work of the Preparatory Commission, propose its inclusion in the agenda of one of the forthcoming sessions of the Commission. (Adopted at the 6th meeting, on 19 March RESOLUTION 3
Vote of thanks
The preparatory Commission for the Denuclearization of Latin America, Considering That the welcome extended to the Commission in Mexico by His Excellency Mr. Gustavo Diaz Ordaz and the Government of Mexico has contributed greatly to the achievement of its purposes^ That the ccntributicns of the Chairman of the Commission, Ambassador Alfonso Garcia Robles, and of the Vice-Chairmen, Ambassador Jose Sette Camara and Ambassador Rafael Eguizabal Tobias, have been most valuable, That the secretariat of the Commission has performed its functions with great efficiency, Decides To address to His Excellency Mr. Gustavo Diaz Ordaz, President of the United Mexican States, an expression of its gratitude for the hospitality extended to the Commission and the impetus thus given to its work; To congratulate Ambassador Alfonso Garcia Robles on the results of the deliberations over which he presided, extending those congratulations also to Ambassador Jose Sette Cakara and Ambassador Rafael Eguizabal Tobias; To express its appreciation for the services of the General Secretary, Ambassador Carlos Peon del Valle, and his colleagues. (Adopted at the 6th meeting, on 19 March 19&5)
RESOLUTION 4
Transmission of the Final Act to the United Nations
The Preparatory Commission for the Denuclearization of Latin America Decides To ask the Chairman of the Commission to transmit to the Secretary-General of the United Nations the text of this Final Act, with the request that he should have it distributed as a General Assembly document for the information of Members of the United Nations in connexion with resolution 1911 (XVIIl), paragraph 2. (Adopted at the 6th meeting, on 19 March 1965) -9-
This Final Act was unanimously adopted by the Preparatory Commission for the Denuclearization of Latin America at the closing meeting of its first session, on Monday, 22 March 1965- UNITED NATIONS • NATIONS UNIES
INTEROFFICE MEMORANDUM
r\,J$S>& COHFIDEHTIAL TO: u Thant, Secretary-General '^ FROM: V.P. Suslov, i'fi^er-jt>@pifmary, Date: 20 May
SUBJECT: Tentative Drafts of Proposed FILE NO.: Resolutions on Disarmament
I forward herewith tentative drafts of two resolutions which Mr. Epstein advises me are under consideration for submission to the Disarmament Commission, The first one marked "A" is a draft tentatively approved by the eight non-aligned members of' the MDC, subject to the approval of their Governments. They are showing the draft to a number of other delegations to obtain their comments and, if possible, their co- sponsorship . The other resolution marked "B" has been drafted as a working paper by Yugoslavia, who is also showing it to other delegations for comments and possible co-sponsorship. The Disarmament Commission.
Having considered the report dated September 17f 1964 of the Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee submitted
- i,V >!SS •'. to the United Nations Disarmament Commission and to the nineteenth session of the General Assembly, Noting, with regret that during 1964 despite the efforts made by the Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee no specific agreements were reached either on general and complete disarmament or on measures aimed at the lessening of international tension, or halting and reversing the armd race, ' 11'1'" Deeply deploring that not all States have abided : by the spirit and provisions of the treaty banning nuclear * \ ?; weapons tests in the atmosphere, in outer space and under water despite the appeal contained in Resolution 1910 {XVIIIJ adopted by the General Assembly, '.'. Deeply deploring also that, notwithstanding General L v Assembly Resolution 1762 (XVII) and the objectives set forth in the preamble to the partial test ban treaty, no agreement has ' been reached on the permanent discontinuance of all nuclear „v weapons tests, including underground tests, ,'.!,,; Convinced that failure to conclude a universal <••'•: '' ' . j .i^ IS''! treaty or agreement to prevent the proliferation of nuclear"! V weapons leads to the most serious consequences, fy''"v Deeply conscious of the urgency of making early .. -'' progress towards the goal of general and complete disarma-
•' t .- ' Mi-" ment under effective international control and of reaching agreement on measures which would facilitate the attainment' of that goal, -goal, Reaffirming the ultimate and continuing responsi- bility of the United Nations for disarmament, , ' Recalling the principle that a substantial part •*!' • • of the resources that will be released through disarmament1 . • i :< should be devoted to the economic and social development 6*- the developing countries , thus contributing to the evolution- :'• f '.. ' of a safer and better world , :: "' Bearing in mind the proposals made at its present' - ' session for measures to reduce international tension and halt and reverse the arms race, and also at the meeting of the ?. . .'"<' Organization of African Unity and the Second Conference o^
- "• Heads of State or Government of Non- Aligned Countries, :'i • " I,. Calls upon all countries to accede to the banning nuclear weapons £ests in the atmosphere, in outer ' . - and under watery and to abide by its provisions in the: int«r^'; .'•'' ests. of peace and the welfare of humanity,
2) Recommend1 s that the Eighteen-Nation Disarmament " "" . ;;:,.;?• v »;i •• Committee should: ' H-^v^Vv1' a) reconvene not later than to resume li; • a matter of urgency its efforts to develop a treaty on gen^M:,;;.',, eral and complete disarmament under effective international^*^;':-' control, and to consider all proposals for measures to relax , international tension and halt and reverse the arms race,•$ eluding those submitted to the Disarmament Commission at '*•** present session; ) b) consider as a matter of priority the tion of a comprehensive test ban treaty; '; ({; I
c)also accord special priority to the conside^-fy."s tion of the question of a treaty or convention to prevent. ,! the proliferation of nuclear weapons giving close attention, . . to the suggestions that agreement could be facilitated by': -^^ - 3 - . by adopting and implementing a programme of certain integra- ted measures, including inter alia an agreement extending the Partial Test Ban Treaty to include the' prohibition of ^ ''> underground nuclear weapons tests; (: WSli d) consider the question of converting to inter-* "' '**'"'''*,?'-,,f.:a- ' national programmes of economic and social development a substantial part of the resources gradually released by the reduction of military expenditures; e) carefully consider the proposal of convening " ^ x^i •• _ a world disarmament conference, under the auspices of the . •'.* *'v United Nations, in which all countries would participate, .•-'.' • • - "<*.''•; and other similar proposals made in the present session of the United Nations Disarmament Commission; ' '*-%•* Requests the Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee ^ H*;: *"^"*^*^^""****i*^*^ ^** . •• .nl i •!. :\.r. to report to the Disarmament Commission and fto (**** vV^ l^b..^ "l*» 1* ' session of thej^General Assembly i on tHe progress made in res* pect of the above recommendations. !?t
#m*-- ^ CONFIDENTIAL
The Disarmament Commission, . • j Recognizing the paramount importance of disarmament as on e of the basic problems of the contemporary world and that its solution should be sought in a world-wide framework, Convinced that the holding of a world disarmament conference is essential to reappraising the efforts exerted thus far and to determining firmer and clearer guidelines for future actions to be undertaken with a view to bringing about the settle- ment of the disarmament problem and contributing to the relaxation of international tension, Recommends that the General Assembly give urgent consideration at its XX Session to the proposal adopted at the Second Conference of the Heads of State or Government of the Non-Aligned Countries for the holding of a world disarmament conference under the auspices of the United Nations, to which all countries would be invited. I&der-Seerefcary, 20
Drafts of Proposed Eesolutloas on Sisarmaiaent
I forward herewith tentative drafts of two resolutions which 1ST* ^) stela advises me are under consideration for aataissioa to the Bisarmamoit
first one markei. "A* ia a draft tentatively approved lay the eight nan-aligaed membsrs of' tlae UIBG, subject to the approval of their Goveraments, Hhey are aliowiag tiie draft to a number of otber d^-egationa to obtain tiieir coasmeats and, if possible, their co- sponsorship, The other resolution mEtrkoa. wBn has bees grafted as a worMag paper toy fugoslavia, ^ao is also showing it to other delegations for commsats and possible co-spoasoiship.
cc: Mr. M» A. Vellodi The Disarmament Commission,
Having considered the report dated September 17, 1964 of the Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee submitted to the United Nations Disarmament Commission and to the nineteenth session of the General Assembly, Noting with regret that during 1964 despite the efforts made by the Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee no specific agreements were reached either on general and complete disarmament or on measures aimed at the lessening of international tension, or halting and reversing the arras race, Deeply deploring that not all States have abided by the spirit and provisions of the treaty banning nuclear weapons tests in the atmosphere, in outer space and under water despite the appeal contained in Resolution 1910 (XVIII) adopted by the General Assembly, Deeply deploring also that, notwithstanding General Assembly Resolution 1762 (XVII) and the objectives set forth in the preamble to the partial test ban treaty, no agreement has been reached on the permanent discontinuance of all nuclear weapons tests, including underground tests, Convinced that failure to conclude a universal treaty or agreement to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons leads to the most serious consequences, Deeply conscious of the urgency of making early progress towards the goal of general and complete disarma- ment under effective international control and of reaching agreement on measures which would facilitate the attainment of that goal, goal, « Reaffirming the ultimate and continuing responsi- bility of the United Nations for disarmament, Recalling the principle that a substantial part of the resources that will be released through disarmament should be devoted to the economic and social development of the developing countries, thus contributing to the evolution of a safer and better world, i Bearing in mind the proposals made at its present session for measures to reduce international tension and halt and reverse the arms race, and also at the meeting of the Organization of African Unity and the Second Conference of Heads of State or Government of Non-Aligned Countries, !<. Calls upon all countries to accede to the treaty banning nuclear weapon^ tests in the atmosphere, in outer space and under water-, and to abide by its provisions in the inter- ests' of peace and the welfare of humanity, 2) Recpmmenda that the Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee should: a) reconvene not later than ..... to resume as a matter of urgency its efforts to develop a treaty on gen- eral and complete disarmament under effective international control, and to consider all proposals for measures to relax international tension and halt and reverse the arms race, in- cluding those submitted to the Disarmament Commission at its present session; b) consider as a matter of priority the ques- tion of a comprehensive test ban treaty; c)also accord special priority to the considera- tion of the question of a treaty or convention to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons giving close attention to the suggestions that agreement could be facilitated by - 3 - by adopting and implementing a programme of certain integra- ted measures, including inter alia an agreement extending the Partial Test Ban Treaty to include the prohibition of underground nuclear weapons tests;
d) consider the question of converting to inter- •>;*. national programmes of economic and social development a substantial part of the resources gradually released by the reduction of military expenditures; e) carefully consider the proposal of convening a world disarmament conference, under the auspices of the United Nations, in which all countries would participate, and other similar proposals made in the.present session of 1 \ the United Nations Disarmament Commission; Requests the Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee to report to the Disarmament Commission and fto ftha ^twentieth *s* j^/w. \V; it»JV:*ALr wyw session of 'fehej.General Assemblyion the progress made in res- pect of the above recommendations. CONFIDENTIAL
The Disarmament Commission, Recognizing the paramount importance of disarmament as on e of the basic problems of the contemporary world and that its solution should be sought in a world-wide framework, Convinced that the holding of a world disarmament conference is 'essential to reappraising the efforts exerted thus far and to determining firmer and clearer guidelines for future actions to be undertaken with a view to bringing about the settle- ment of the disarmament problem and contributing to the relaxation of international tension, Recommends that the General Assembly give urgent consideration at its XX Session to the proposal adopted at the Second Conference of the Heads of State or Government of the Non-Aligned Countries for the holding of a world disarmament conference under the auspices of the United Nations, to which all countries' would be invited. UNITED NATIONS • NATIONS UNIES
INTEROFFICE MEMORANDUM
TO: U Eiant, Secretary-General v#: 2k May FROM: V.P. Sus3/6f,. Undersecretary, Pate
SUBJECT: Revised Yugoslav Draft F1LE N0<: Resolution on Disarmament
1, I forward herewith the revision of its tentative draft resolution -which the Yugoslav Delegation gave to Mr. Epstein today. !Ehat Delegation is still consulting with other delegations before submitting the draft to the Disarmament Commission. 2, Whereas the previous text merely recommended that the GA "give urgent consideration" to the proposal of the Cairo Conference for a world disarmament conference, the present text "affirms" the proposal of the Cairo Conference as well as recommends that the GA give it "urgent consideration »»» with a view to organizing" the conference. The new text also drops the provision that the world dis- armament conference be "under the auspices of the UK11. 3, The Foreign Minister of Italy, Mr. Fanfani, will make a statement at the opening of the Disarmament Com- mission meeting tomorrow morning. CONFIDENTIAL
The Disarmament Commission, Recognizing the paramount importance of disarmament as one of the basic problems of the contemporary world and that its solution should be sought in a world-wide framework, Convinced that the holding of a world disarmament conference is essential to appraising the efforts exerted thus far and to determining guidelines for future actions to be undertaken with a view to bringing about general and complete disarmament under effective international control and contributing to the relaxation of international tension, Affirms the proposal adopted at the Second Conference •••* -i of Non-Aligned Countries in October 1964 for the convening of a world disarmament conference to which all countries would be invited and recommends that the General Assembly give urgent consideration to the abovementioned proposal at its XX Session with a view to organizing a world disar- mament conference.
May 24, 1965 UNITED NATIONS • NATIONS UNIES
INTEROFFICE MEMORANDUM
TO: U Thant, Secretary-General ^wv 2 FROM: V.P, , SusW, fed^-gpcretaryd-cretary, Date: May 19 5
SUBJECT: Disarmament Commission FILE NO"
1. A number of difficulties have emerged in regard to agreement among the initiators and potential sponsors both of the 8-power non-aligned draft resolution and of the Yugoslav draft resolution on disarmament*
2. In view of these difficulties, and the absence of any resolution for discussion in the Disarmament Com- mission, the Chairman of the Commission has postponed the next meeting of the Commission from Friday morning, 28 May to Tuesday morning, 1 June. 3. At the present moment it is not possible to predict whether any resolution will be tabled by next Tuesday morning. UNITED NATIONS Distr. GENERAL DISARMAMENT DC/213 27 May 1965 ENGLISH COMMISSION ORIGINAL: RUSSIAN
USSR; t djgf p re solution. The Disarmament Commission, Noting with concern that the presence of foreign troops in the territory of other States seriously impedes the normalization of international relations and, \ as has been confirmed in particular by recent events in Asia, Africa arid Latin America, aggravates the international situation and creates a direct threat to the peace and security of peoples, Moting further that the maintenance or future establishment of foreign military bases in the territory of other States is a threat to the freedom of peoples and to international peace and is a gross violation of the sovereignty of the States in whose territory such "bases are situated, Noting gitla concern that foreign military bases are in reality a means of exerting pressure on countries and retarding their emancipation and development on the basis of their own ideological, political, economic and cultural concepts, Considering that the existence or future establishment of bases in dependent territories is incompatible with the General Assembly Declaration on the granting of independence to colonial countries and peoples (resolution 151^ (XV), since such bases can be used to preserve colonialism or for other purposes, Considering it necessary that, as soon as possible, all foreign troops should be withdrawn from the territory of other States and foreign military bases should be liquidated, 1. Calls upon all States maintaining military bases in other countries to liquidate them forthwith and refrain henceforth from establishing such bases; 2. Calls upon the States concerned to conclude an agreement providing for the withdrawal of all foreign troops within their national frontiers; 5- Requests the Secretary-General to observe the implementation of the recommendations contained herein and to report on the results to the next session of the General Assembly,
65-12794 UNITED NATIONS Dlstr. G^TTF^-M, DISARMAMENT DC/219 2? May 1965 ENGLISH COMMISSION ORIGIML: RUSSIAN
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics: draft resolution
The Disarmament Coigmissiqn, Recalling the Declaration on the prohibition of the use of nuclear and thermonuclear weapons adopted by the General Assembly in resolution 1653 Proceeding from the fact that the Declaration outlawed the use of nuclear weapons, declaring that it was a direct violation of the Charter of the United Nations, that it was contrary to the rules of international law and to the laws of humanity, that it was directed against mankind in general and that it was to be considered a crime against mankind and civilization, Considering that the conclusion of a convention on the prohibition of the use of nuclear and thermonuclear weapons would be in conformity with the aims of the Declaration and would be an important, step towards-eMudnating-tfee .threat, of nuclear war, reducing international .tension, checking the arms race and strengthening confidence in relations between States, Considering further that the conclusion of a convention on the prohibition of the use of nuclear and thermonuclear weapons would be an important step towards the complete prohibition and destruction of nuclear weapons and towards general and complete disarmament, Taking into account the fact that most of the States which responded to the inquiry made by the Secretary-General in accordance with resolution 165? (XVT) were in favour of convening a conference for the purpose of signing a convention on the prohibition of the use of nuclear and thermonuclear weapons, Having studied the documents of the Eighteen-Hation Committee on Disarmament relating to the discussion held in the Committee in accordance with General Assembly resolution 1909 (XVIII) on the question of convening such a conference" and the report submitted by the Eighteen-Uation Committee to the Disarmament Commission and to the General Assembly at its nineteenth session,
65-02798 English Page 2
•*•• Calls^ upon all States to take steps to bring about the conclusion of a convention on the prohibition of the use of nuclear and thermonuclear -weapons as soon as possible, convening for this purpose a special conference of all States in the world not later than the first half of 1966, 2. Invites States possessing nuclear weapons to declare, pending the conclusion of such a convention, that thev will not use them first. ROUTING SLIP FICHE DE TRANSMISSION TO: A: U Thant, Secretary-General FOR ACTION POUR SUITE A DONNER FOR APPROVAL POUR APPROBATION FOR SIGNATURE POUR SIGNATURE PREPARE DRAFT PROJET A REDIGER FOR COMMENTS POUR OBSERVATIONS MAY WE CONFER? POURRIONS-NOUS EN PARLER? YOUR ATTENTION VOTRE ATTENTION AS DISCUSSED COMME CONVENU AS REQUESTED SUITE A VOTRE DEMANDS NOTE AND FILE NOTER ET CLASSER NOTE AND RETURN NOTER ET RETOURNER FOR INFORMATION X POUR INFORMATION Attached hereto is the 29-Power resolution which was adopted today, with indication of votes. USSR did not press for a vote on its two draft resolutions DC/218 and DC/219. U.S. then stated it would not press for a vote on its draft resolution DC/220/Rev.l.
Date: FROM: , 15/6 DE: 'am Epstein
CR. 13(13-64) * LIN IT ED NATIONS Pietr. DISARMAMENT G-EHERAL
DC/222 COMMISSION 3 June 1965 ORIGINAL; ENGLISH
Argentina^ Austria,, Bolivia*, Brazil, Ceylon^ Chile, Colombia, Costa Rlea; Cyprus, Finland, Ghana, India, Japan,.Jjj/berla, Malawi,^Malaysia, Malta) Mexico,Nigeria, Sweden, Togo, United Republic of^Tanzania, Yugoslavia, Zambia: draft resolution
The Disarmament Commission, Having considered the report dated 1? September l^Bk of the Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee submitted to the United Nations Disarmament Commission and to the nineteenth session of the General Assembly, Reaffirming the ultimate and continuing responsibility of the United Nations for disarmament, Notingwith regret that during 196^ despite the efforts made by the Eighteen- Nation Disarmament Committee no specific agreements were reached either on general and complete disarmament or on measures aimed at the lessening of international tension, or halting and reversing the arms race, Deploring* that, notwithstanding General Assembly resolutions 1?62 (XVII) and 1910 (XVIII), nuclear weapon tests have taken place and also that no agreement has "been reached on the "discontinuance of all test explosions of nuclear weapons for all time", which is one of the stated objectives of the partial test-ban treaty, Considering that the memorandum of Ik September 196*1- submitted to the Conference of the Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee by the delegations of Brazil, Burma, Ethiopia, India, Mexico, Nigeria, Sweden and the United Arab Republic, represents a fair and sound basis for the conduct of negotiations fomrds removing the remaining differences for the conclusion of a comprehensive test-ban treaty, Convinced that failure to conclude a universal treaty or agreement to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons leads to the most serious consequences, Deeply conscious of the urgency of making early progress towards the goal of general and complete disarmament under effective international control and of reaching agreement on measures which would facilitate the attainment of that goal, 65-13566 /..'.
Ml Resoluton £3-1- DC/222 English Page 2
;.'•. Bearing :t&'iaind: the proposals made at its present session for measures to reduce international tension and halt and reverse the arms race, and also at the meeting of the Organization of African Unity and the Second Conference of Heads of State or Government of Non-Aligned Countries, Recalling the principle, that a substantial part' of'the resources that will "be released through disarmament should be-devoted' to.the economic.'and'social development of the developing countries / thus contributing"to the evolution of a safer and better world, - , • 1. Reaffirms the call of the General Assembly upon.all States to-become parties" to.-the. Treaty banning nuclear-weapon tests--in the atmosphere, in outer space and .under water, and to abide by.its spirit and provisions;.
2. •• Recommends' that the Eighteen-Uation Disarmament Committee should:: . (a) .reconvene as early as possible to resume as a matter of urgency its efforts to develop a treaty on general and complete disarmament under effective
international-control,, and to., consider all. proposals for measures: to relax ' international tension aiid halt and reverse the arms race, including'those submitted to' the' Disarmament Commission at its present-session; . ... . , (bj consider as a -matter of priority the question of extending the scope of
• the-p'artial.test-ban treaty to cover underground tests; . • : (c) also accord special priority to the consideration' of the question of a o?- treaty"or convention to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons -giving close attention to the various suggestions that agreement could be facilitated by ; adopting a programme of certain-related measures; •"«-,-- • (d) keep in''mind the principle-of converting to programmes ; of economic and social development of the developing countries a substantial part of the resources ' gradually released by the reduction of military expenditures; Requests the Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee to report to the Disarmament Commission and to the General''Assembly during its twentieth, session on the progress made -in respect of the above recommendations. ••• - . UNITED NATIONS
DISARMAMENT WSK&xm <™BM. WVCCTT*//(k?
COMMISSION 3 June 1965 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
Argentina^ Austria, Bolivia,L Brazil, Ceylon^ Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cyprus, Finland^ Ghana^ India, Japan, Liberia, Malawi,,Malaysia,TMalta, Mexico, Nigeria, Sweden,. Togo, UhitedtRepublic of_Tanzania, Yugoslavia^ Zambia; draft resolution
The Disarmament Commission, Having considered the report dated IT September 196^ of the Eightsen-Nation Disarmament Committee submitted to the United Nations Disarmament Commission and to the nineteenth session of the General Assembly, Reaffirming the ultimate and continuing responsibility of the United Nations for disarmament, Noting -with regret that during 196^ despite the efforts made by the Eighteen- Nation Disarmament Committee no specific agreements were reached either on general and complete disarmament or on measures aimed at the lessening of international tension, or halting and reversing the arms race, Deploring that, not-withstanding General Assembly resolutions 1762 (XVII) and 1910 (X7III), nuclear weapon tests have taken place and also that no agreement has "been reached on the "discontinuance of all test explosions of nuclear weapons for all time", which is one of the stated objectives of the partial test-ban treaty, Considering that the memorandum of 1^ September 196U submitted to the Conference of the Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee by the delegations of Brazil, Burma, Ethiopia, India, Mexico, Nigeria, Sweden and the United Arab Republic, represents a fair and sound basis for the conduct of negotiations towards removing the remaining differences for the conclusion of a comprehensive test-ban treaty, Convinced that failure to conclude a universal treaty or agreement to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons leads to the most serious consequences, Deeply conscious of the urgency of making early progress towards the goal of general and complete disarmament under effective international control and of reaching agreement on measures which would facilitate the attainment of that goal, 65-13366 /... DC/222 English Page 2 ;;- '.-"-•:
Bearing" in-', mind the proposals made at its present session for measures to reduce international tension and halt and reverse the arms race, and also at the meeting of the 'Organization of African Unity and the Second Conference of Heads of State or Government of Uon-Aligned Countries, Recalling.the principle-that 'a-substantial part of'the resources that -will be released through disarmament should be devoted ^o-the•economic and social development of the developing countries, thus ,contributing:to the evolution of a safer and better world, •• •• . 1. Reaffirms the call of the General Assembly upon all States to become
parties to,the.Treaty.banning nuclear weapon tests in-the:atmosphere,.in outer space.and under water> and to abide by its spirit arid provisions3 2. Recommends that the Eighteen'rNation Disarmament Committee should: . .•:• '(a) reconvene as early as possible to resume as a matter.of-urgency its efforts to develop a treaty on general and complete disarmament under effective international.Control,, and to consider all proposals for measures to relax .international tension and halt and reverse the arms race, including those submitted tothe. Disarmament Commission at its present session; ... (b) consider as a matter of priority the question of extending the scope of the- partial test-ban treaty to. cover underground .tests; . •• ••• (c.) also accord special priority to the consideration of the question of a treaty or convention to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons giving close attention to- the- various suggestions that agreement could be facilitated by adopting a programme of certain related measures; , - . . . (d) keep in mind the principle of converting to programmes of economic and. social development of the developing countries a substantial part of the resources gradually released by the reduction of military expenditures; : . . .; • . Bequests the Eighteen-Hation -Disarmament Committee to report to the Disarmament Commission and to the General Assembly during its twentieth session on the progress made in respect of the above recommendations. UNITED NATIONS Distr. DISARMAMENT GENERAL DC/222/Add-2 COMMISSION 10 June 1965 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
Argentina, Austria, Bolivia,Brazil} Ceylon, Chile, Colombia, Costa jRica, Cyprus, Finland, Ghana, India, Japan, Liberia, Malawi, Malaysia, Malta, Mexico, Mew Zealand, Nigeria, Philippines, Rwanda, Sweden, Togo, United Republic of Tanzania, Yugoslavia, Zambia; draft resolution
' ADDENDUM
Add the following to the list of sponsors: Australia.
65-lUOOl UKIIKl) HATIQSB Pietr. DIEAHMAMEHT CCWCLBSIOH DC/223 4 Jfeae 1969 (BI&IBAL;
MAIIEA : AMBNOfflDRCS TO HE DBAPT BBSOIUTIOa COKCILDfRD IN DOCUMENT DC/221
1. in the second preambulAr paragraph, after the vords "a world disarmament eonference" replace the balance of that text "toy the followingi "light provide a mhtatOLa form in VbiQfa to seek agreenent on steps to facilitate the adoption of specific n%oaurea of disaxvanent in aoeordanee vith the agreed principles for multilateral negotiationa on disaraament ieeued jointly ty the USSB and lay the United Statea on 20 September 196!?.
2. in the first operative paragraph, replace the word "Affinal* by the word
3* In the second operative paragraph, add. at the end thereof the vords "in the ligit of the diseuflsioBn in the Sigxteen-Hation Disarmament Ooanitt«ew. v/ UNITED NATIONS ^ ^, ^-~T—-*. Distr. DISARMAMENT r r\ kA XA I C C I r\ M ^mS^m DC/220/Rev.l COMMISSION 100 June 1961Q655 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH.
United States of America: revised draft^resolution
The Disarmament Commission, Deeply concerned that the continuing arms race, and in particular the nuclear arms race, poses a threat to the security of mankind while consuming resources that could othervd.se toe employed to enhance the welfare of peoples everywhere, Convinced that any further delay in concluding agreements to halt nuclear proliferation and to stop and turn back the nuclear arms race cannot be justified, Believing that there must be no interruption in constructive discussions and negotiations designed to achieve, in accordance with the Joint Statement of Agreed Principles for disarmament negotiations, the goal of general and complete disarmament and agreements on limitation and reduction of armaments which would increase international security, contribute to the lessening of tensions, and facilitate the attainment of that goal, Noting the widespread support for the measures listed below, Convinced that those measures would contribute significantly to halting and turning back the nuclear arms race, thus lessening the danger of nuclear war, Urges the Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee to reconvene as soon as possible and, inter alia, to: A. Resume negotiations as a matter of priority on a comprehensive treaty banning all nuclear weapon tests) B. Undertake without further delay drafting of an international non-proliferation agreement as called for in General Assembly resolution 1665 (XVl) and bearing in mind the suggestions made on that issue during the present session of the Disarmament Commission; C. Conclude as soon as possible an agreement to halt all production of fissionable material for weapons use and to transfer to non-weapons use sizable, agreed quantities of such material; and D. Explore with a sense of urgency a freeze on the number and characteristics of strategic nuclear offensive and defensive vehicles which would open the path to . early reductions in such vehicles. ROUTING SLIP FICHE DE TRANSMISSION T0« U aant A: FOR ACTION POUR SUITE A DONNER FOR APPROVAL POUR APPROBATION FOR SIGNATURE POUR SIGNATURE PREPARE DRAFT PROJET A REDIGER FOR COMMENTS POUR OBSERVATIONS MAY WE CONFER? POURRIONS-NOUS EN PARLER? YOUR ATTENTION VOTRE ATTENTION AS DISCUSSED COMME CONVENU AS REQUESTED SUITE A VOTRE DEMANDE NOTE AND FILE NOTER ET CLASSER NOTE AND RETURN NOTER ET RETOURNER FOR INFORMATION POUR INFORMATION
Attached hereto is a revised US draft resolution which adds: to the third preambular paragraph, a reference to general and complete disarmament; and to operative paragraph B a reference to the suggestions on non-proliferation made during this session of the Commission.
Date: June 10, 1965 CR. 13 (11U64) To be oirculaied at moet'n;; of Disarmament Commission 10:30 AM June .111 196% William C. Foster &v>utt/ United. States of Amer tea;' draft reBclutloa
The Disarmament Deeply concerned that the continuing arms race, and in particular the nuclear arms race, pooes a threat to the security of mankind vhile consuming reoources that could otherwise be employed to enhance the welfare of peoples everywhere, Convinced that any further delay la concluding agreements to halt nuclear proliferation and to atop and turn back the nuclear anas race cannot be Justified, Believing that there muet be no interruption in constructive discussions and negotiations designed to achieve, in accordance vith the Joiat Statejauat of Agreed .Principles for disarmament negotiations, /the goal, of general, and —i and/ agreement G on limitation and reduction of armsmento which wciaM increase intejsnational security,, contribute
i to* the lessening of tensions, and facilitate the attainment of that goal, Noting the widespread support for the measures listed belov, ,<•" Convinced that those measures would contribute significantly -F '.:•«. to halting and turning oacK. the nuclear arms race, thus lessening the danger of nuclear war, Urgga the Ei^gh teen- Hat ion DisaraiOBent Comalttee t6 re-convene OB soon aa possible arsd, intfer alia,, to:
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A, Ber;u.K.e negotiations as a natter of priority on a coEip."o!:e?islvc treaty "banning all nuclear weapon testaj B- Undertake without, farther delay drafting of tin international tton-proliferation agreement ae called -for in General Assembly resolution 1665 (XVl)7and "blariBg ;k rJLnd £—N • ." • " the juccestionuj made on that^iccue during the present aectiion . of the Disarmament C C- C6ncJ.utle aj soon as possible an agreement tab bait all
product lots, of fj.-.sionatlei material •fbr< weapons uae and to transfer to no I-capons uas sizable^ 'agreed qujifatitito of such v .- *ii)0 D- Explore "vlth a'o^nse of urfrenisj a freeze on the number , ''";.'•*' • • * . ., . • • . an.4 characteristics of strategic rtutlear1 '-offensive .and defensive which would opteft the'"path to/early reductions in such-
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^!']§!f*7;fl??!f'^?w^^^^ CR.13 (4-59) •"* ROUTING SLIP
.Comments for the record should not be written on this slip.- REFERRAL SHEET PT.108 should be used instead. TO: U Thant, Secretary-General
APPROVAL YOUR INFORMATION MAY WE CONFER? AS REQUESTED
YOUR SIGNATURE FOR ACTION NOTE AND FILE REPLY FOR MY SIGNATURE
NOTE AND RETURN PREPARE DRAFT YOUR COMMENTS ATTACH RELATED PAPERS
DATE: 11/6 Epstein UNITED NATIONS Distr. GENERAL
DISARMAMENT DC/221/Rev.l 11 June 1965 COMMISSION ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Central African Republic» Ceylon, Congo (Brazzaville), Cyprus, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, India, Iraq, Jordan, Kenya^ Kuwait, Lebanon, Liberia., Libya, Malawi, Morocco, Nepal, Nigeria, Rwanda;, Saudi Arabia., Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Uganda, United Arab Republic, United Republic of Tanzania, Yemen, Yugoslavia and Zambia; revised draft resolution
The Disarmament Commission, Recognizing the paramount importance of disarmament as one of the basic problems of the contemporary world and that its solution should be sought in a world-wide frame-work, Convinced that a world disarmament conference as proposed by the Second Conference of Men-Aligned Countries, would provide powerful support to the efforts which are being made to set in motion the process of disarmament and for securing the further and steady development of this process, with a view to speeding up general and complete disarmament under effective international control and thus contributing to the relaxation of international tension; 1. Welcomes the proposal adopted at the Second Conference of Hon-Aligned Countries in October 196^ for the convening of a world disarmament conference to which all countries would be invited; 2. Recommends that the General Assembly give urgent consideration to the above-mentioned proposal at its twentieth session.
9&th meeting n June 1965 Roll Call Tote For 89 Against Hone Abstentions 65-1^051 UNITED NATIONS
Distr. DISARMAMENT GENERAL DC/221/Rev.1 COMMISSION 11 June 1965
ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
Burma, 'Burundi., Cambodia, Cameroon, Central African Republic»,_ Ceylpn, Congo ('Brazzaville') j Cyprus^ Ethiopia; Ghana? Guinea, India, Iraq, Jordan, Kenyaj Kuwait, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, Malawi^jforocco, Nepal, Nigeria, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Somalia; Sudan, Syria,, Trinidad and Tobago,, Tunisia;, Uganda^ United Arab Republic, United Republic of Tanzania,. Yemen, Yugoslavia and Zambia; revised draft resolution
The Disarmament Commission, Recognizing the paramount importance of disarmament as one of the basic problems of the contemporary world and that its solution should be sought in a world-wide framework, Convinced that a world disarmament conference as proposed by the Second Conference of Non-Aligned Countries, would provide powerful support to the efforts which are being made to set in motion the process of disarmament and for securing the further and steady development of this process., with a view to speeding up general and complete disarmament under effective international control and thus contributing to the relaxation of international tension; 1. Welcomes the proposal adopted at the Second Conference of Non-Aligned Countries in October 196"^ for the convening of a world disarmament conference to which all countries would be invited; 2. Recommends that the General Assembly give urgent consideration to the above-mentioned proposal at its twentieth session.
65-14051 UNITED NATIONS Distr. DISARMAMENT GENERAL DC/221 COMMISSION 3 June 1965 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
Burma, Burundi. Cambodia, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Ceylon, Congo (Brazzaville), Cyprus, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, India,t Iraq., Jordan^, Kenya*, Kuwait, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, Malawi, Morocco, Nepal, Nigeria^ Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria;,a Tunisia^ Uganda, United Arab Republic., United Republic of Tanzania, Yugoslavia and Zambia; draft resolution
The Disarmament Commission., Recognizing the paramount importance of disarmament as one of the basic problems of the contemporary -world and that its solution should be sought in a world-wide framework, Convinced that a world disarmament conference would provide powerful support to the efforts which are being made to set in motion the process of disarmament and for securing the further and steady development of this process by formulating proposals and guidelines in the spirit of the Declaration adopted at the Second Conference of Non-Aligned Countries, with a view to speeding up general and complete disarmament under effective international control and thus contributing to the relaxation of international tension; 1. Affirms the proposal adopted at the Second Conference of Non-Aligned Countries in October 196U for the convening of a world disarmament conference to which all countries would be invited; 2, Recommends that the General Assembly give urgent consideration to the above-mentioned proposal at its twentieth session.
65-13531 DRAFT BE30IOTION t Sponsored by: Barma., Burundi; Cambodia, Cameroon, Central African Republic,
Ceyloni, Congo (BraBcaflrille), Cyprus., Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, India3 Iraq, Jordan, Kenya;, Kuwait, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, Malawi $ Morocco, Repal, Migftriftj, Saudi Arabia, Somalia,, Sudan., Syria, Tunisia., Uganda,, United Arab United Republic of Tanzania, Yugoslavia, Zambia*
Pie Disarmament ComaisBiona Itecogniffiing the paramount importance of disarmaaant as on® cf the basic of the contemporary world and that itst solution atrould be acragbt In a framework, Convinced, that a vorld disaroument conference would provide powerful supgnrt til the efforts which ana being made to s«tt in motion the procass of dlsarmaaskent and for securing the further and steady development of this procoea by . formulating proposals and guidelines in the spirit of the Declaration adopted at the Second Conference of Non-aligned Countries, with a view to speeding up general and conplete disasmaoent under effective International control and thus contribifing to the relaxation of international tension,, 1- Affirms the proposal adopted at the Second Conference of Non-aligned Countries in October 196k for the convening of a world disarmaiaant coafercsKje .%• Kihich all countries would be invited, 2. Reconaaonds that the General Aaseflibly giv« urgent consideration to the Iabove mentioned proposal at its twentieth session. UNITED NATIONS
.^ .x^^T^s^ ^ DISARMAMENr\ i <- A n i i A i 4 r k i T-r (W/8^^^1/1 GENERAL COMMISSION »**e 1965 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
RESOLUTION ADOPTED BY THE DISARMAMENT COMMISSION AT ITS 98TH MEETING ON 11 JUNE 19&5
The Disarmament Commission, Recognizing the paramount importance of disarmament as one of the basic problems of the contemporary world and that its solution should be sought in a world-wide framework, Convinced that a world disarmament conference as proposed by the Second Conference of Non-Aligned Countries would provide powerful support to the efforts which are being made to set in motion the process of disarmament and for securing the further and steady development of this process, with a view to speeding up general and complete disarmament under effective international control and thus contributing to the relaxation of international tension, 1. Welcomes the proposal adopted at the Second Conference of Non-Aligned Countries in October 196^ for the convening of a world disarmament conference to which all countries would be invited; 2. Recommends that the General Assembly give urgent consideration to the above-mentioned proposal at its twentieth session.
65-1^506 UNITED NATIONS Distr. DISARMAMENT GENERAL DC/225 15 June 1965 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
RESOLUTION ADOPTED BY THE DISARMAMENT COMMISSION AT ITS 102ND MEETING ON 15 JUNE 1965..
The Disarmament Commission) Having considered the report dated 17 September 19^ of the Eighteenr-Nation Disarmament Committee submitted to the United Nations Disarmament Commission and to. the nineteenth session of the General Assembly, . Reaffirming the ultimate and continuing responsibility of the United Nations for disarmament, Noting with regret that during 196^ despite the efforts made by the Eighteen- Nation Disarmament Committee no specific agreements were reached either on general and complete disarmament or on measures aimed at the lessening of international tension, or halting and reversing the arms race, Deploring that, notwithstanding General Assembly resolutions 1762 (XVII) and 1910 (XVIII), nuclear weapon tests have taken place and also that no agreement has been reached on the "discontinuance of all test explosions of nuclear weapons for all time", which is one of the stated objectives of the partial test-ban treaty, Considering that the memorandum of lU September 196^ submitted to the Conference of the Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee by the delegations of Brazil, Burma, Ethiopia, India, Mexico, Nigeria, Sweden and the United Arab Republic, represents a fair and sound basis for the conduct of negotiations towards removing the remaining differences for the conclusion of a comprehensive test-ban treaty, , Convinced that failure to conclude a universal treaty or agreement to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons leads to the most serious consequences, Deeply conscious of the urgency of making early progress towards the goal of general and complete disarmament under effective international control and of reaching agreement on measures which would facilitate the attainment of that goal,
65-1^563 DC/225 English Page 2
Bearing in mind the proposals made at its present session for measures to reduce international tension and halt and reverse the arms race, and also at the meeting of the Organization of African Unity and the Second Conference of Heads of State or Government of Non-Aligned Countries, Recalling the principle that a substantial part of the resources that will be released through disarmament should be devoted to the economic and social development of the developing countries, thus contributing to the evolution of a safer and better world, -1- Reaffirms the call of the General Assembly upon all States to become parties to the Treaty banning nuclear weapon tests in the atmosphere, in outer space and under water, and to abide by its spirit and provisions; 2. Recommends that the Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee should: (a) reconvene as early as possible to resume as a matter of urgency its efforts to develop a treaty on general and complete disarmament under effective international control, and to consider all proposals for measures to relax international tension and halt and reverse the arms race, including those submitted to the Disarmament Commission at its present session; (b) consider as a matter of priority the question of extending the scope of the partial test-ban treaty to cover underground tests; (c) also accord special priority to the consideration of the question of a treaty or convention to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons giving close attention to the various suggestions that agreement could be facilitated by adopting a programme of certain related measures; (d) keep in mind the principle of converting to programmes of economic and social development of the developing countries a substantial part of the resources gradually released by the reduction of military expenditures; Requests the Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee to report to the Disarmament Commission and to the General Assembly during its twentieth session on the progress made in respect of the above recommendations. IS
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M«,, MfcsiM Garefa toe fenseieariaatiisa of EUROPEAN OFFICE l®^ OFFICE EUROPEAN OF THE UNITED NATIONS Will? DES NATIONS UNEES
MEMORAND
: His Excellency To : U Thant The Secretary-General
De. D, Prom : Special Representative of the Secretary- General to the 18-Nation Committee on Disarmament
Ref: Geneve, 6..Aug.US.i...l965....
Ob jet: Situation Report on the Eighteen-Wation Disarmament Committee Subject:
I forward herewith for your information "Situation Report Ho. 20 on the Opening Phase of the Resumed Session (27 July - 5 August 1965)",
,.„.,«,*•' * „ 6 August
** *<< -„,«,; 'v *' V ,,, 1 1 18-IJFatiof n Disarmament Committee Conference
s - ^Situation Sfepor-fc Ho* 20 »i on the Open:pig'Phas-e of the Resumed Session r ' + > " i ^ r < ,' of the EFDQ X ., - i <- *" v 7- t ^ (27 July <•* 5 August 1965) ; ^ 2 ~ i f- »Thl opening if the present M3)C session was accompanied by considerable' public interest and press publicity* The ^resumption of disarmament talks in ^the Context of the tense international situation was interpreted as a sign of ^the possible opening'of a br&ader political Bast^¥est dialogue* "* , ,This part of the session, however/ deviated to general debate,, brought ' ^ r a sharp 'Soviet-American exchange of arguments on Vietnam. Nevertheless, both the Soviet, Union and the United States emph'asiaed that the diffieulties and ^ * * ' ^ \ ^ f i i 'fcensites- df the "international situation made progress in disarmament all the ' ^ ' ' . v v< C essential* " ? 'speoifiG measures of disarmament > "both sides "basically haVe »•, litoited'themseiyea to reinstating the proposals they put before the Disarmament
*- ' "* The Western delegations, as expected, oonoentrated mainly on the problem. ,Qf/nQtt«proliferatidn pf nuclear weapons* The United States urged the JCKDC to se"ek^ accords on a number"" of measures aimed at this objectivej the conclusion % T 1 -w. s_ J rt~ -^ ^ T- rj- 4- I •* f 6f a; treaty based on the Irish resolution being a major, but not the only, step *!- » '" * -, " ^ _ J in this direction. Tlie initiative in this field was obviously left to the f * * * j * British, who announced their intention to submit a dl-aft treaty. The United Kingdom faypured a treaty worded, as simply as possible and with no provisions f for verification in order to avoid protracted negotiations* A new el*ment ' <* ' *, Tff&s brought-into "the discussion by Itreign ilijiister Fanfani of Italy, who
-. t ^ staged that 1$ a, noaa—proliferation treaty 'was delayed, Italy was prepared to * appeal "%o non-nuclear powers for their unilateral renunciation of adquisitibn i "^ / "(• * *" ^j , ^ '""oi nuclear weapons for'an agreed p'eriod of time, upon expiration of which the "States would have freedom of action if their expectations with regard to*>- * tiJe conclusion of a non-proliferation treaty were not fulfilled* " > •>• i * i. Wester6 ^ n spokesmen als6 'urge"f d that priorit«-~ *• y be given to a eompr Thetis ire & 4 te^t ban treaty. The United States still considered a small number of on-spot ""„•'' inspections oases tLecessaty to identify underground tests ? but said its position * - i ' was" flexible as to the number and form of inspection* The United Kingdom and i ' Canada repeated an appeal* for a meeting1 of Western and Eastern scientists to » f, " •* discuss remaining differences of opinion. However, none of these overtures ^. r v ^^ k seeme< d to evoke a ppsitiv' e Soviet• reapehse* « ** ^* *•* M* p *— ^"2 *( > *""" "" -4 ^ r ?•*!*( c " , * The United Stated and the United Kingdom als'o hinted at possible new proposals to hall; and reduce nuclear sio©kpiling but have not yet given any "•-«.'•> S '•s specifi©vindications of their intentions* The Soviet Union linked its disarmament proposals to the broader political 'issues, especially war iti Yietnani, and repeated! rits demands for withdrawal i of troops •*"an d elimination of bases from foreig* n territories, as well as for *" *" % f prohibition ^of use of nuclear weapons. ^ On the subject of non-dissemination, L the Soviet positio**" n remained unchanged and the USSR statements once again stressed
1. 4 the need to prevent nuclear pBolijferati'on in all forms, direct and indirect, includin' g MLP and ATOP* projectsA * Th*e lisv t1 of Soviet priorities did not include a comprehensive test ban treaty although it*reaffirmed its memorandum on collateral measures1 of 7 December 1964* The USSR continues to oppose any international inspection of an undetfgroistnd" test ban# ^ v- f * jL 1 *• i The absence of specific new proposals has visibly slowed the tempo of * the Conference and"has tended^ to d,ampen somewhat the expectations of delegations. / While*the British and Canadian delegations have pressed for more" meetings, and •< ^ - i • '• " the eo>-Chairmen had originally agreed on an extra meeting each week, there did * no-t appear to be any great desire to speak during the first two weeks. In , fao1?Jr4the Conference appears" to be marking time in anticipation of the presentation: of the Western draft treaty on non-proliferation. Despite Lord Chalfont*^ original assurances that the presentation of the draft was imminent and that only minor differences remained'io be ironed out, the draft has ^reportedly^run into serious difficulties of a* substantive nature, and the British haY§ subsequently said that the draf'fe may not be ready for tabling \, for another week or two*K The Western delegations are reportedly now attempting ; to combine the simple Bte^ish draft «n.th a much more complicated Canadian draft s \ 1 " that envisages a "package" approach, meluaing.* inter alia^ provisions for "security guarantees by nuclear powers to non-nuclear countries* Adding to these difficulties is the insistence of West German representatives, who are als« talcing part in^the meetings of the Western delegationsj thai; any Western draftf treaty on non-proliferation mus^ necessarily- take account of the PRG^s concern about nuclear sharing wit-hin NATO. - If a, final Western draft is submitted prior tq the Went' German elections ""on 19 September, it may be worded in a way which ~* permits some form of nuclear sharing within NATO that will be satisfactory "~ fto the SHG* Chances of the acceptance "of such a draft by the USSR are meagre Se- and dsp«nA on how far the draft mee|s Soviet objections against West Germa» , v, pasftioipation in TIATO^s nuclear d.efenc,e in any form* yi;^-^.,,?^^ thus, far been conspicuously ; J v Ci-Q ocs ' l/U*4" . rt . ?"-'v — •;;-"V^^^fiioLdiiiye"-J j - in^'i;h"e : debate-," .si;ik,0 ; : d^6; n''o:t' 'se'efe.. ; r ;" >&.:.'••• ":;' '3'f' .-*: • "•'' '-."',;..••- ;jL XL ^.'A'wv-,' j-i Ait ^IA, -fr- .^': ^*Vi ^m -*V1 Vn'y^ir^ 4r • • "TJrlrt'/V^l'l -t»-'' lVvi"-rivi-ia-Tv<3T* aft ' uTVt 1»i 1-: A' - '+.*h' can be 'expected to -;..*'C" *'.:••<**'" ?-:'giy:e^ pri':Q;eit-y .to' 1;he '•^Uesti6'ns;'$f fjfon—proliferation .and k comprehensive test ' • . ^^y"t:^^ • •• ; I^&SS v-^--.;''-> .•.•'iVfi:f.':*'\;-.''.' -TV -. ^'v,'..-'' '.:'• ''J1'-;..'•'••'*.,-..*.'vi>'? .s::v'i: '-i^..:'* . './ • ' -.• -•,"• '.•'"• • '••'?'•',• - ..' .„.•"''.' ' •• ' -vv: Syf*&-:v:'^^ .and' henoe ,'ifcay' tend 'to; - ??''^^?^ the ultimate res.ults of' tfie\presrerrt ^fc^j. ... -J >;: .-:^\ , A,;: •:''':;*•...., ..•"•'. 'V- " ..':V^-;:V; :5 .'/ ./,l.,^v;. .: •:••''" .-•" ,-'v :" ...'.. ', ' •'.* - . "'.'.' '''*••'• 'j-,- '~ •: " ''' • s r 1 ; :/ 1 ;•''"•'•''..:-.;': ^'";^';^>'.ww.if0' ^esg;i tinv'' 'TJ£i^e.'' ^ne'''^^%e^h."^6we''rS'! caiiie '' to Genera, '.with some new ideas . con'" *r%;^?;-v^|2^±^ -eipeoteU'.- - On" the, .other hand, 'the Soviet Union • ^'' ?v.':^'^&V^-"'apjia3Pentiy''e;&e"'t.6 "Genera not :to'':sugga$"i- netf ideas bui:"mainly because of inteinteresr t ; !^p^^''';%:-;?- ^^(^tal3a:j;i^gja- ffl6r:e.%el!Milld pi^tui::! of- _ the precise y.es'.tern-' posit ion on: non- il^-^'- .';*VW: !E^issenv£n&ti confcreiie results., at '' ' deal of exploratory-work that - •• -"n '..'.',!'•'. * -; '•'.'- "x" • " ...';. 'jj!..->. •'<.. "#; =•••;<-Vi;.' •.•.•'*>.;• 'J"';" =.: .,- 'v1 - -'^'i £'f* r-i'--:. •?'•''" •' •' '"'-H I '*"-^-i'ft: .•••.; ': '"' ..? '•V.;:::.,';-i. '.'-ir-.1^ -;•"••.•.•• ''•••, ./"-.:'*'"'"•":« ^"-•i- - • >i- V " I FILE NO. ACTION TO tlMSVA i*ll €0$FlBEStTIAL FCJ8 SECmtTAM-SEME&At FHSM • V -v , • .-,, . • ' -. UTS IN AFTEiM©0!3 §F S AKSISf AT THE1H HEdOEsT ANB • OF PROTITCH EYE HteElVEt} EELESATieM FROM EASTERN 8EKMAN I'K SEHSVA IN eWlOTON ilTR i01K OF EUSC* F£1B»HB THUM» ©F SEPARTKII5T OF 1H WlsTtT ©F FOHEISII AITAHtS ©F 6BB, AUB HARALB ROgE, tSE¥ BESeilifS AS OBSEMS 6F aBR At EUEOFEA^ OFFICE OF ME UttER AKBlKXSSXB T0. P10TITCH SUBKXTTIJH6 COPY ©F OF e^RKHEHT'or $mt SEUTIMG T© WORK OF EtliC AH9 F0S SIlAEMA^Hf OF * THE T80 SEBMAfl STATES fMQUOTE* LETTEH SItyESTEB TMT BE HS©00HT T0 NOTICE OF YtlliSEtF AMU OF BEtESATlOHs TO BfSAEHfiBENT tO^TESEtifGE * EYE IWOH^ES TKE'M THAT sTATEfCMf & BR&Kl!f TO YOM HOTI6E BtlT AS 8ESAB0S ENPC SEIECATIONS tlSHITASIAT. THEY 'XKTOmS ME THAT COPY WAS TO TSAIAPOT BY GSORSS STJSI DEPUTY OTlstER FOE AFFAIRS OF fi$R'AH9 f®f»Y WAS ft&IJf? S«»T TO F0STIH. THIY 0A||f f»If fHEt WttSTOS Sf€HE?Atl.AT e©OI,B HOT ©^ ITS eifteuutt stAtemciiT' Tt ^III-SATI©^ BUT THAT * »m FSi:vi08s ntAittie'E TSARAPKIK WOULB in LITTOU • ronsTifi I^F^HMED ME HE MAS REFUSE • ' ;"' O TO Brai££8T EAST 6E&MAK AUTHOR IT1ES * €©FT OF UtttKBr T© PSOTITCI AfIB Of STATEMENT BUNS F0lf€HED T© FOt SEiSENRAL FROM EPSTEIN AT «NB MEETING TSARAPKIN BEAD OUT AND REdUESTED CIRCULATION -> • • ®F STATEMENT BY GOVERNMENT Of GBR* STATEMENT CONTAINED PROPOSALS FBI NI^LEAB AND CONVENTIONAL DISARMAMENT OF B©TH SERMANIES iHBEB-SUPEBVISlON ©F MIXE® €0MSSl©$ ©F NAt© AHB WARSAW PAft P0WERS SRADUALiY T© WITHDRAW MOCLEAX' UEAPOUS THESE TERRITORIES » AUD RESPECT THEIR STATUS AS PERMANENT Nl&tEAR-FREE 2©NE- FASTER tBJECTEB T0 CIRCULATION OF STATEMENT WMIOH i!E SAID SHOULD BE CMSIIEEEB AS NON-GOVERNMENTAL AND BEAlt WITH AieORSINGLY* TSAIAPK1NS LETTER RE&UESTIN6 AND ENCLOSBRIS BEIN6 ISSUED AS «• MVfeUAL SWGSESTEB ENDg SHOULD 00N€ENTRATE ON INTER- EASSRES OF NOMIS SEMINATION ANB COMPREHENSIVE TEST BAN* NON -BIS SEMINATION TREATY WOULB ENTAIL SACRIFICES ONLY BY N§N*NU©LEAR POWERS WHILE eOMPREHENs IVE TEST BAN WOULD ALSO INVOLVE SACRIFICES BY NUCLEAR POWERS • MYRBAL SAIB THAT ONLY JUgtlFieATION FOR RESTRI6TIN6 NUCTLEAR WEAPONS TO FIVI I?MLEAR * POWERS WAS THAT THEY ARE PERMANENT MEMBERS OF SECURITY COUNCIL* IN BEHANBINfi CORRESPONBIN8 SACRIFICES BY NUCLEAR POWERS BWSBEN BOiBTED DESIRABILITY OF GUARANTEES BY THEK OF SECURITY OF NON-NUCLEAR POWERS • VALUE OF NON- DISSEMINATION AND fOfiPREMsIVE TEST BAN WAS EQUAL IN EYES OF NON-NUCLEAR STATES* SWEDEN GAVE GREATER PRIORITY • Tf 'TOT BAWj WilI€H WOULD A6HXEVI SAME RESULTS AS evrnicns PiFHruirKSfT row awn? PACKAGE IfNQBOTE OF NON~BISSEMINATI©!$ PLUS COMPREHENSIVE TEST 'BAN PLUS CUT-OFF* SHE SAID VOLUNTARY MORATORIUM BY NON- NUCLEAR POWERS FOR LIMITIB PERIOB BIB NOT HEED CONCURRENCE OF POWERS Am sumu MINIMUM NON-BlSSEMfNATION PROGRAMME. NI0LEAR POWERS SHGULB PLEBGE Alt EFFORTS TO ACHIEVE BEFINITE RESULTS REGARDING COMPREHENSIVE TEST BAM AKB SOIS-BtSgEMHSATi:^ TREATY BURI86 HORAfiRiPM* SftEBIB W^tB GIVE POSXTXVE COISSIBERATIOU ITAllAM IBEA §F M0RATORIUK IF IT RECEIVES SUPPORT OF SWEBEKS ATOMtg ENERfiY PROGRAMME WAS PRESS REPORTS T© C^NTRART. 0M COMPREHENSIVE TEST BAfcf BKE SAIB PAST SIEGEEEEEPAgT SUS^ESTIOSg BY »l@tl-ALMEB mm MEMBERS SB©I3LB BE RIV2VEB* BETTER F@R£0LA TItK AKNUAi QUOTA OF ©H-SlTE INSSPECTIOH W©ULBf FOR EXAMPLE, BE SIX INSPECTIONS OVER THREE YEARS- SHE ALSO EXISTING VOLUNTARY COOPERATION AMONG NUCLEAR- POWERS ©N EXCHANGE OF SEISMOLOGICAL DATA BE MADE WORLB WIBE ANB THAT PLANS BE INITIATED NOW MB CONTINUEB BBRIS6 ENBC RECESS. TECHNICAL TALKS BETWEEN DELEGATIONS SH08LB NOT INVOLVE POLITICAL ELEMENTS BUT BE LIMITEB T© QUOTE MECHANICS UNQUOTE* sMta WAS WILLING TO CtNSlBER ESTABLISHMENT OF ABVANCEB SEISMIC SfATtm ANB » , " N ,- ' " p^*'• ; •' • MAKE ITS BATA AVAILABLE* IN CONCLUSION SHE HGPEB THAT PRC ANB FRANCE WOOLS PARTICIPATE IN PROPOSEB WORLB BISARMAMENT CONFtBENCE , WHICH WOOLB BE OF INSIGNIFICANT VALUE WITHOUT PRf. LOBOBYC2 . .••• LATTER, POLISH PROPOSALS FOR DENUCLEARIZED 20NI A8D FREE2E ©F iStfCLEAR WEAPONS 11^ CENTRAL EUROPE WERE STILL VALID AND DIALOGUE Ofi FREE2E WAS eQfJTINUING - m NOtHDlSSEMINATIQN, HE SAIS FUTURE TREATY SHOULD EXPLICITLY CLOgl ALL DIRECT AND INDIRECT WAYS OF PROLIFERATION, AND SHOULD NOT REPEAT Wt INCLUDE WITHDRAWAL* Wil€R MHHT ENABLE WESTERN PARTIES T0 RENOUNCE THEIR OBLIGATIONS LATER AND PROCEED WITH MLF. CERNIK SAID THERE WAS m PRACTIfAL PURPOSE IN PRESENT WESTERN EFFORTS TO DRAFT N©N- BISEEMINATION TREATY IF BRAFT WERE TO ALLOW MLF m ANF« BOTH LOBOBYeZ AND CERNIK REFERRED TO QUESTION OF IAN * • TREAfY AND SAID PROGRESS WAS BLOCKED BY BNIgTATES REFUSAL TO ACCEPT SOVUNI0N SUSeESTIONS- BOTH SPEAKERS STRESSED NEED TO WORK ON GENERAL AND COMPLETE DISARMAMENT AND SUPPORTED WORLD IISARMAMRT CONFERENCE - FOSTER SAIB SENESAL AND COMPLETE DISARMAMENT REMAINEB UNISTATEg OBJECTIVE, ALTHOUGH END€ SHOULD GIVE PRIORITY TO NON-PROLIFERATION AND COMPREHENSIVE* ts BAN AS CALLED FOR BY B.C. RESiLUTION- REFERRING T© SOVIET PROPOSALS, HE SAID * ONE| PROPOSAL FOR ELIMINATION OF FOSII6N TROOPS AND BASES WAS ©PP0SEB BY MANY DELEGATIONS IN D-e* SESSION. SWIST AIM WAS TO PREVENT SMALL COUNTRIES TIB — •' FORM OF WARS OF NATIONAL LIBERATION* MOREOVER, • * SOVIET PROPOSAL WOBLD UPsET MILITARY BALANCE TO DETRIMENT • OF UNlSfATES AND WESTERN ALLIES* THIS MEASURE, LINKED TO SITUATION IN TOTNAM, SERVED ONLY PPRF0SE OF CONVENTION 0N PROHIBITION OF USE HfLEAR tnSAPdH^ ©8 GR0IINDS INBItJATEB IK LETTER TO ©F 3© aiME 1942* THREE f US ISTATES WELCOMES ©F H©N*DIISEMINATI0tl ITEM IM SOVIET PRIORIflES* »0WEVil? SOVtmiOS THIIB T0 IMPOSE ITS i§t®if ions w>m mm* THIS HAMPERUKS PIOSSESS OF 0lS BLOCKED ASREEMEflT ON COMPREHENSIVE TEST IAN SlTOSEl CiMiSON IHTEREgT ©F TfO Otfi;RS m eaRlING NIISL1AR ARMS RACE A15D HOPED FOR MOEE FLEXIBLE SOVIET POSITION*-!* r^i 'H .; ••;• ^ ••'•'..\; 'I Translation from Spanish 11 August 1965 HIS EXCELLENCY ALFONSO GARCIA ROBLES PRESIDENT OF PREPARATORY COMMISSION FOR DENUCLEARIZATION OF LATIN AMERICA MINISTRY FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS MEXICO D.F. IN REPLY TO YOUR CABLE OF 9 AUGUST WISH TO INFORM YOU THAT MR. EPSTEIN WILL ARRIVE MEXICO CITY 25 AUGUST A3BFRANCE FLIGHT 707- HIGHEST CONSIDERATION. U THANT .•' '•'••••' 533% 10/VIII/6S 3os£ 'Bola-Beanett ' , . 512 0USSPA 10101-501 xx' JRGTITCH/EPSTEBf. ST CABIU 9 AUGUST ADDIiSSSED TO SECGEN, GARCIA ROBEES, A3 PRES BaEBH? OF PBEPARATORy COSI3SSIOK FOR DEHOCIEARISAf ION OF IAMN AMERICA' , MS SEWrCES OF EPS2EIN AS TECHNICAL ADVISER FOR TM DAYS BEGBOTOTG 2J AUGUST. PLEASE ADVISE IF FOSSIBIS 1?0 COMPLY WITH ABOVE REQUEST AMD IF AFFIRMATIVE, MIA MEXICO. Jose Rolz-Bennett, Under-Secretary for Special Political Affairs FOH IN ©8 TEST BAH ABB N@8«PB©UmATIG*i . HE e$MPIE»£8Sl¥E TEST BAR WAlS MOST URgEST AUS |MP©Bf«T TASK AKl W0SK OH IT PIOHlSIB AT I»EAST f OMDEtJNEB ALL TESTW j FOCUS IN6 REMARKS ©N. CHINESE TESTS * HE RE-AFFIBI1EB.- I&BIAN PR©P©$ALS-FQR MORATORIUM tliilMBOM t£StS*'A^'SAS ON -TESTS- ABOVE -$HE6Jfrie-- , THRESHOLD GOBLD IE LOWERE1 BEPE8BINS m TECHNO ANS S^SENTIFte JWIESS* HE MALLEI 015 HU0LEAR POWERS f t f ME B@tB BEflSlM T© EUB fEStS* & ' . . '- BitAtDINS N0B»BIssEHII?AfI©K» tRAVEBI SAID INBIA KAI^TAIWED IfS '*0$rlTiaS EXP0UUDIB W BISAKMAMEST COMMISSJ©??* If WAS T© A$K M©M*MWiEAK eOBSTSlES T© F0BSWEAH NU0LEA.I. WEAPONS PSOBOCTIOi WHILE 8UCLEA! P0WESS AND IMCBEASEB TfiElS ST0CKS* IHStAS UECISIOH I30T TO EMTER K^eiEAS Alf^ HACE BE$AI» FIBM EVEN TIG1GM SHE WAS POSSESS INS gHEHJfcAL SEPARATION PiAKT PR0S0eiK6 KltOftRAflnE QUANTITIES ©F PL^TOSIMM. H0¥E?IH Tils NATIONAL 1EGIBI0N WAS DIFFEREMT FEOM AN IHTES ^ATt0NAL A WAS ACCEPTABLE THAT DICTATES 08LY T® *J08~8UeLEAR COUNTRIES UF STOPPING NeN-JiUeLEAR dOONTRIES FROM PR0B^CpG WAS MIN0R COMPARES WITH STEPPING EXISTING NUCLEAR ISBIAS FIVE~P©INT P10P0SAL ©N MEASURES CURBING ARKS IU€S A8E> PR©LISERATI©N C0NTAINEB SOME BASIC ELEMENTS INCLUDING ISHBEReiOUND TEST BANf FREEZE ..^ . ' . \ • H: . • • WEAPONS AND DELIVERY VEHICLES ANB SUBSTANTIAL REDUCTION III EXISTING STOCKS- UlSlAtteNS GUARANTEE OF SECURITY OF NON-NUCLEAR COUNTRIES WAS SOT BASIC BUT PERIPHERAL POINT WHICH WOULD BE INADEQUATE BY ITSELF. TftZVEDt SUGGESTED Ti®<-STAGE TREATY ON NOSJ- PROLIFERAT10H. FIRST STAGE WOULD APPLY ONLY TO NUCLEAR POWERS ¥»© WOULD UNDERTAKE ONE, TO PASS ON WEAPONS OH TECHNOLOGY T© OTHERS IBiBEB A FORMULA ACCEPTABLE TO THE TWO P©WEB-BLQGKs» TWH, eES|ATI©N 0F PiOBUCTXON OF NU0LEAB* WEAPONS ANB DELIVERY VEHICLES AND AGREEMENT ON REDUCTION OF EXISTING STOCKS* THIEEf OTHER MEASURES SS0H AS GUARANTEES* AFTER fSlATY l»fd FORCE AND NitLEAR pOWERs EMBAHItED ON fF ASMS, SE€©NB STA^I OF TREATY WOULD PROVIDE FOR UNDER TAKIBQ Bt NON^NieLEAB POWERS NOT T© ASPIRE ©R Wm FAcruBE NllfLEAE WEAPONS* TRANSITION BETWEEN TWO STAGES 0F TSEATT €0ULD BE REGULATED BY FANFANI FORMULA - lECALLID INBIAs ©BJESTIO^S T© IAEA SAFEGUARSS WHIgH HE SAID SHOULD BE APPLIED T© PRODUCTION OF FISSILE WEAPONS MATERIALS RATHER THAN T© PEACEFUL ACTIVITIES- HE SlIPPORTEB WORLD DISARMAMENT CONFERENCE AND HOPED GENASSEMBLY WOULD ADOPT PREPARATORY STEPS FOR ITS EARLY CONVOCATION* AT SAME TIME HE STRESSED R0LE OF ENBC AS NEGOTIATING ORGAN BlSTINfT FROM - , / we- • ' -v •.. BiLlBEIATING BODIES AS GENASSEMBLY AND WORLD CONFERENCE. ' CHALFONT SAIB TRIVEDlS SPEECH WAS tN BEST HON-ALIGNEB TRAD Ifr©N BUT HE COULD HARDLY AGREE WITH LATTERg ANALYSIS ©F PROLIFERATION PROBLEM AND MIS PROPOSED SOLUTIONS* PLEADING FOB SENSE OF URGENCY HE REGRETTED SOCIALIST COUNTRIES F©R MEASURES 8©T imUBEB IR B* 6* ANB I6HORIHG PRIORITIES. OK NQN-PROLIFERATIOM HE BENIEB THAT ANF MTAINEB BtsSEfONATGRY' ELEMENTS* AS VET© WOULD PREVENT RATHER TBA$ AlTBtRIZE USE OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS* imiKiHGBOM WOBLB SEVER PERMIT GIVING CONTROL ©F sueH WEAP^SS TO AJTT soti-'KeeiEAi PODJEE iseLUDiree FRG* HE SAIB mj PR©P0SAL EH\?ISA6EB ESTABLIsKtffiNT ©F SYSTEMS OVER NUCLEAR BELIVE1Y VEHICLES AUB WQ8LB NOT '• • elEATI©!? ©F ABBITIONAL NUCLEAR STRENGTH OR GIVE ANY ©F NAT© K0R1 POWER THAN AT PRESENT TO INITIATE USE • ©F NUCLEAR WEAPONS- % RE TOO GREAT A PRI0E Fit ASREIWENT- IN e©8€L0SI©N HE MYRBALS SPEECH AT PREVIOUS MEETIMS Aii NOTEB THAT WOULD JOIN NGN-PROLIFERATION AGREEMENT WlTKOfT SECURITY S0ARANTEES * 6AVALLETTI NOTE1 INTEREST ©F tNBlA ANB SWEBEN !M FANFANI APPEAL F©S TEMPORARY MORATORIUM ON AeatllSlTION ©F i^tJ€LSAR lIAP©ti$ BY C- STATES^ HE SAIB THESE WAS STILL H0PE FOR ? ^ r? EFF©ITS OF NUCLEAR ANB NON-NUCLEAR POWERS TO ^ ^ T 0ST;H©N*B&®LlFERATl©N TREATY* HOWEVER* IF 5 ^ THESE EFFtSTS FAILEB, ITALY WOtlLB CALL FOR AUTONOMOUS ^ ^ 0F N©8«N0ei,EAR POWERS ANB ATTOTBE ©F 1NBIA ANB REGARDING INITIATIVE WOULB BE HELPFUL. HE SAIB ITALY WAS READY TO 180LB1E ITS SEI$M0L©GIGAL STATIONS INTO DETECTION SYSTEM EHVISAGEB BY SWEDEN. HE SAIB IT WAS BIFFOTLT TO OTERSTAHB SOVIET OBJECTIONS TO SCIENTIFIC EXCHANGE AS IT W08LD FACILITATE TEST BAM* I UN8ESSTAMB ¥EgTERI« POWERS HAVE BEACHES ASEEEMENT ©N TEXT 0F HON-PRdLIFERATIOM fSEATY ANB EXPECT TO SttBOT DRAFT l^EXT WEEK" M'J^ A? *' if utt* I .-j:,..,iX"' " • ! •Vrf '3Hi»S tiiAwtiiff tflWMr «Eti ITS aswwr nueiMitY «BTIMS IK m f HE J«« tlft 'f! if UNITED .NATIONS Press Services Office of Public Information United Nations, N.Y. (FOR USE OF LTCJORMATION MEDIA — NOT AN OFFICIAL RECORD) Press Release DC/575 IT August 1965 PRESS HEI&A3E ISSUSD OH l?r AUGUST BY CONFERENCE OF EIGHT£Z:i-NATION COMMITTED ON LISABMAMENT (The following was received from the Information Service of the European Office of the United Nations, Geneva.) Following is the text of a press re?eace issued today ia Geneva by the Conference of the Eighteen-Nation Comities on Disarmament: "The Conference of the Eighteen-Nation Committee on Disarmament today held its 22>-!th plenary meeting in the Palais des Nations, Geneva, under the chairmanship of U Sein Bwa, representative of Burma. "Statements were made by the representatives of the United Arab Republic, Brazil, the United'States, Romania, Mexico and the Soviet Union^ "The Delegation of the United States of America tabled a draft treaty to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons. "The next meeting of the Conference will be held on Thursday, 19 August 1965, at 10:30 a,m," # ### * EUROPEAN OFFICE OFFICE EUROPEAN OF THE UNITED NATIONS DES NATIONS UNIES MEMORANDUM A: His Excellency To ; U Thant The Secretary-General De: D. From Special Representative $ the Secretary General to the 18-Nation Committee on Disarmament Ref: Geneve, ..1.7....?.epteiri3.er..l9_65 Position of the Parties (27 July to 16 September 1965) Objet: Assessment of the Session of the ENDC from 27 July to Subject: 16 September 1965 I forward herewith for your information the "Position of the Parties (27 July to 16 September 1965)" and an "Assessment of the Session of the EMDC from 27 July to 16 September 1965." SEC/CONFIDENTIAL . 17 September 1965 COHERENCE OF THE EIGHTEEN-NATION COMMITTEE ON DISARMAMENT • .. -Position..of the Parties ° (27 July to 16 September 1965) Table of 0 ont eat s I. QUESTION OF ERIORITIES IN ENDC DISARMAMENT TALKS... i II. 'GENERAL AND COMPLETE DiSARMMEHT. 2 III. NON-DISSEMINATION OF NUCUEAR WEAPONS 3 IVY COMEREHENSIVE TEST BAN TREATY.<...'..i 9 V. OTHER GOIiATERAL MEASURES ' 1. Elimination of fdreiga bases and troops. 12 2. ' Measures to halt nuclear weapon production and to reduce existing nuclear stockpiles 12 3. Prohibition of use of nuclear weapons 13 4. Nuclear-free'Zones...... * ...»...* 13 5. Transfer to peaceful uses of'means released through disarmament...., 13 . VI. WORLD DISAEafflMEJNT CONFEEfENOE...... 14- I. QUESTION OF PRIORITIES IH ENDQ DiaffitMMEM1 TALKS This yearts session of the EHDC resumed following the specific i ' . .. f- . ' recommendation of the Disarmament Commission (resolution DC/225) for urgent consideration of the questions of a non-dissemination treaty and a comprehensive test ban, while pursuing the Committee^ tasks in the field of general and complete disarmament and collateral measures* The D» G» recommendation led to a procedural debate in the MDC accentuated by different political motivations. The United States and its allies pressed foir top priority for the issues of non-dissemination and a comprehensive test ban. The list of United States priorities, contained in Eresident Johnson*s message to the EMXJ dated 27 July 1965 (MDO/150), included: (i) measures aimed at prevention of proliferation of nuclear weapons;" (ii) the cut-off of production of fissionable material for weapons use and the transfer of a significant amount of military-grade fissionable material to peaceful purposes,and a verified freeze on strategic nuclear delivery vehiclesj (iii) a comprehensive test ban treaty* The Soviet Union objected to any attempt to confine the scope of the EKiDC discussions to the items recommended by the Disarmament Commission and said that, while working on a treaty on general and complete disarmament, the Committee should concentrate on the following measures aimed at immediate relaxation of international tension and facilitating disarmaments (i) the elimination of bases and withdrawal of troops from foreign territories; (ii) a non-dissemination treaty closing all ways of nuclear proliferation; (iii) a convention to ban the use of nuclear weapons* The non-aligned countries also gave priority to the questions of non- dissemination and a comprehensive test ban, while re-affirming their interest in general and complete disarmament and other collateral measures. In view of the diversity of non-aligned package proposals linked to the non-proliferation issue, a comprehensive test ban became the main objective of their common initiative* * On the whole, irrespective of the political meaning of debate on priorities and references by the Soviet Union and its allies to Vietnam, the EHDO concentrated on the problems of non-proliferation of nuclear weapons and a test ban, and only slightly touched on other disarmament «• 2 •— ' It.,, QESRJO:. AND COMPESTE DISARMMEMT The Soviet Union and its allies emphasized that work on a treaty on general and complete disarmament was the main task of the ENDO. The USSR accused the Western delegations of departing from this objective and of paying only minimal attention to the problem. The Soviet Union once more recalled the "Gromyko proposal" for elimination of nuclear delivery vehicles and retention of only small numbers of missiles on the territory of the United States and the Soviet Union as a "nuclear umbrella"* The USSR, however, did not press for a discussion 6f the proposal or make any reference to studying this matter within a working group, The United States and its allies formally acknowledged their commitment to objectives of general and complete disarmament, although expressing a clear preference for discussing at the present session issues having an air of urgency and promising more rapid solution, Italy, in response to the Soviet allegations of the lack of Western interest in discussing problems of general and complete disarmament, said that, as in the past, it was prepared to discuss the problem of reduction of nuclear delivery vehicles within a working group set up without any preconditions as to its terms of reference, and that it regretted that Western suggestions on this problem remained unanswered by the Soviet Union. Canada observed that, in view of the meagre prospects for solving the question of elimination of nuclear delivery vehicles, the S23DC should, perhaps, pass to the discussion of other questions of general disarmament, in particular to discussion of reduction of conventional armed forces and armament 3. - The United Kingdom believed that the time was ripe for a review of strategic doctrines on all sides with the view to beginning the process of reduction of nuclear weapon stockpiles. It hoped that the Western Powers would soon be able to table proposals for a substantial reduction of nuclear delivery weapons. Their firm commitment to the goal of general and complete disarmament was recalled by all non-aligned countries., although they were reluctant to devote this ENDC session to any discussion of general and complete disarmament. Consequently, only Nigeria renewed its proposal for the creation without; any specific preconditions of a working group to study .the question of elimination of nuclear delivery vehicles* - 3 - India, in the context of the debate on non>-proliferation, recalled its support for the Gromyko proposal to reduce the existing nuclear delivery vehicles to the lowest minimum level in the first stage of disarmament, and expressed its profound regret that the failure to adopt India*s suggestions on the subject had apened the prospect of nuclear anarchy in the .world* • ' III. NON-DISSEMINATICN 'Off NUCLEAR WEAPONS The-problem'of nuclear non-dissemination became a dominant theme of , the sessj.o±.. . (a) Position of Western Powers The United States and its allies from the beginning of the session stressed the urgent need for banning the further spread of nuclear weapons and 'requested the highest priority for this issue. The United States urged the ENDC to seek accords on a number of measures aimed at this objective, in particular to conclude a non-proliferation agreement based on the Irish resolution 1665 (XVI) and to aim at universal applieation of the IAEA safeguards system to 'nuclear activities for peaceful purposes. The United Kingdom expressed its readiness to put before the ENDC its own draft treaty on non-proliferation. The Foreign Minister of Italy; Mr» Fanfani hoping that the conclusion of a non-proliferation treaty would be possible in the near future, declared that in the case of the absence of an agreed treaty, Italy was ready to appeal to non-nuclear Powers for their unilateral renunciation of acquisition of nuclear weapons for a specific period of time, after which non-nuclear States would have freedom of action if their expectations with regard to concluding a non-proliferation treaty were not -•••- fulfilled, •'.","'•-.• 'Simultaneously with these announcements, the Western Powers during the first part of the session engaged in private consultations (with the participation of a West German representative) in an effort to Jtfoduce a draft treaty. The Western consultations resulted in the tabling on 17 August 1965 of'a United States Draft Treaty to Prevent the Spread of Nuclear Weapons (ENDG/152). The provisions of the'draft treaty would: (i) prohibit nuclear Powers from transferring nuclear weapons into the national control of any new nuclear State, either directly or indirectly through a military alliance; (ii) prohibit nuclear Powers from taking any other action which would cause an increase in the total number of States - ' . "~ 4. - . . and other organizations having independent power to use nuclear weaponsj (iii) prohibit nuclear Powers from assisting any non-nuclear State in the manufacture of nuclear weapons. Under the draft, non-nuclear States would undertake corresponding obligations not to manufacture nuclear weapons, neither to seek nor receive, nor give assistance to manufacture these weapons; would undertake not to seek or to receive the transfer of such weapons into their national control, either directly or indirectly through a military alliance, and not to take any other action resulting in an increase of the total number of States and other organizations having independent power to use nuclear weapons* Explaining the meaning of the draffs undertakings, the United States said that since the draft prohibits direct and indirect forms of transfer into national control, no additional nuclear power could emerge whether national or international. The United States believed that a non-proliferation treaty should remain in force for a long time, possibly indefinitely. Therefbre,, the treaty should neither preclude possible political developments, especially in Western Europe, which could result in the establishment of a new political and defense entity, nor preclude such an entity from possessing and controlling nuclear weapons. Such a new organization having independent nuclear power could come into existence only if a present nuclear nation should voluntarily turn over its entire stockpile of nuclear weapons to such a collective entity, and also renounced its right of veto over the collective force. Even in case of the establishment of a new defense entity, no non-nuclear member of it could acquire an independent power to use nuclear weapons, In reply to a question by the Soviet representative, whether the draft's provisions meant the exelusion of any possibility of creating an MLF with the participation of the West German Budeswehr, the United States representative said this was 'a matter of nuclear strategic arrangements "within H&TO and as such was not a subject of ENDC competence. Hie gave assurance that the proposed NATO nuelear arrangements were not disaeminatdry and that the United States and its allies would see to it that all future NATO nuclear decisions would comply with the provisions of the non- dissemination treaty. The United Kingdom made clear that» while supporting the U. S. .draftj it would prefer to see the inclusion in a final draft of a specific right of veto by the nuclear Powers whereas Articles 1 and 2 of the U. S, draft left open a possibility that an association of States might be able to use nuclear Weapons by a majority decision. . . . . - 5 - irrespective of these reservations, the United Kingdom welcomed the U. S, draft, and appealed to the WDG to proceed with negotiations on the basis , of its provisions, although it was ready to discuss any amendments and ideas which would improve the final text. Canada and Italy also noted . their contribution to and support for the U. S» draft* Canada attached importance to the inclusion in a treaty of a practical measure of control in the form of more specific undertakings to apply the IAEA, safeguards system to peaceful nuclear activities. It expressed understanding of the Soviet Union*s legitimate concern for its security in view of the proposed NATO nuclear arrangements. It hoped that the Soviet Union would cooperate in the preparation of a treaty while it discussed its misapprehensions regarding MLF with the nuclear Powers, Italy, pointing to Soviet concerns, said that the USSR should also understand the fears of Western European countries who were faced with Soviet missiles targeted at their cities* It advocated early conclusion of a non-proliferation treaty based on the U* S, draft, and suggested the establishment of an informal working group within the EMX3 to discuss, with the help of legal advisers, provisions and amendments to a draft treaty. At the same time Italy stressed that the treaty should not remain an isolated disarmament step and should be accompanied by a freeze on production of nuclear weapons and by actual reduction of nuclear stockpiles, ,It observed that the Fanfani suggestion would be a helpful instrument in inducing nuclear Powers into effective disarmament. By the end of the session Italy tabled the Draft of Unilateral Hon-Acquisition Declaration (ENDC/157). Under the operative paragraphs of the proposed Declaration States would unilaterally undertake for an agreed period of time: (i) not to manufacture or acquire national control over nuclear weapons;' (ii) not to seek or receive assistance from other States in manufacturing these weapons; (iii) to accept application of the I.A.E.A. or equivalent international.safeguards on nuclear activities. The undertakings would be subject to similar declarations issued by agreed number of States within six months from the signature of the Declaration deposited with the United Rations or signed according to other procedure. These obligations could be prolonged, depending on progress on international disarmament agreements such as a non-proliferation treaty, halting of the arms race and reduction of nuclear arsenals. Parties would reserve all freedom of action if any State acquired national control of nuclear weapons. Italy said that its draft was only a tenative one and it aimed to establish a basis of the future negotiations. In particular,, the question of a period of the validity of the Non-Acquisition Declaration and the timing of the adherence to it by various States were open for discussion. ' ' • , • • . . . - 6' - (bj The Soviet Union arid its allies ' The"Soviet Union and its allies restated their objections to any lion-dissemination draft treaty which would not ban all direct and indirect forms of access to nuclear weapons by the Federal Republic of Germany, .Although, after the tabling of the U, S. draft treaty, the Soviet Union and other Eastern socialist delegations did not formally and expressly reject the draft treaty or formulae advanced by other Western delegations, they made clear their negative attitude to the draft by concentrating their criticism on the Western conceptual approach to the problem of non-dissemination. 'Hie Soviet Union emphasized that nuclear arrangements discussed within NATOj such as MLF and AMI1, were being devised for sharing control over nuclear weapons with the Federal Republic of Germany and,, thus, were incompatible with the principle of npn&dissemination. The USSR said that the Western Powers were only manoeuvering in declaring-their readiness to sign a nuclear non-dissemination agreement with the Soviet Union while at the same time trying to preserve the possibility of the admission of West Germany to the nuclear club. Poland said a non-proliferation -treaty must introduce an absolute and comprehensive ban on all forms of nuclear proliferation, and more specifically should freeze the present status of all States with respect to physical access to nuclear weapons, their ownership, disposition, operation, control as well as training in their use and nuclear planning, (c) Non^aligned po si ti on - A variety of "package" proposals and ideas were advanced by the delegations of non-aligned'countries as their contribution to the solution of the problem of non-proliferation. There were, however, noticeable some elements of common approach: (i) all non-aligned delegations emphasized that a non-dissemination treaty should not become an end in itself, and that it should either become part and parcel of a wider disarmament programme^ or that it should be followed by early halting of production of nuclear weapons and reducing the existing arms stockpiles of nuclear Powers; (ii) the whole non-aligned group shared the view that a comprehensive test ban treaty was either preferable to, or was as important or effective a measure as a non-proliferation treatyj (iii) irrespective of their specific suggestions as to the form and scope of a non-proliferation treaty, all non-aligned members of the EMXJ declared the determination of their Governments not to acquire nuclear weapons; £iv) all non-aligned delegations welcomed the merits . ; • « 7 - of the formula suggested by Mr« Fanfani and, in varying degrees, supported the idea as a possible temporary solution although India said that the Italian formula must also include corresponding obligations by the nuclear Powers; (v) the. non-aligned delegations welcomed the tabling of the U. S, draft treaty, although there too India felt that the draft must include a programme of related disarmament measures by the nuclear Powers. ',' • • • The "package" approach, e.g« the need for a link between a non- proliferation agreement and agreements on other measures, was more definitely pronounced in statements by India, Sweden and the TJAR than by Brazil, Burma* Ethiopia* Mexico and Nigeria* thus clearly indicating differences of opinion on the subject within the non-aligned group. India and Sweden raised their objections to a concept of "privileged nuclear club members," and said that the process of disarmament, in particular the prevention of .proliferation of nuclear weapons, required non-discriminatory disarmament undertakings by both nuclear and non-nuclear Powers. An extreme position was taken by India., who said that a non-dissemination treaty should basically be an undertaking by the nuclear Powers not to increase their nuclear stockpiles and to reduce substantially their present nuclear arsenals. It held that a question of a ban on the increase of number of countries possessing nuclear weapons was only secondary, and its urgency was minor, as compared to the urgency of eliminating the existing nuclear menace* India said that it was not inflexibly bound to all elements of its five-point programme of nuclear non-dissemination put before the last session of the Disarmament Commission since some of these five points, such as a demand for'tiMsT. guarantees, had merely a moral or psychological value* However, India would insist on effective measures of nuclear disarmament as an essential condition of non-proliferation. Accordingly, India proposed the conclusion of a two-stage non-proliferation agreement. The first sta^e agreement (or a partial non-dissemination agreement) would apply only to nuclear Powers who would undertake, under a formula acceptable to the two Power blocs: (i) not to pass on weapons or technology to other States; (ii}~to cease all production of nuclear weapons and delivery-vehicles, and to agree on the beginning of a programme of reduction of their nuclear stocks; (iii) to agree also to incorporate the other measures of moral value, as suggested by India's five-point programme. After this treaty had come into force and steps had been taken by the nuclear Powers to stop all production and embark on reduction ** Q tan Of stocks, the second ataeg of the treaty or the comprehensive treaty would begin, which would provide for an undertaking by non-nuclear Powers not to acquire or manufacture nuclear weapons. The transition between the first stage and the second stage of the treaty,1 or between the partial treaty and the comprehensive non-dissemination treaty, might be regulated by • the Fanfani formula. Towards the end of the session India declared that it had a flexible position with regard to an international agreement on non- proliferation. It would not press for beginning reduction of nuclear stocks before a non-dissemination treaty was signed. However, the 1 '-•"•' -^ . • - renunciation by non-nuclear Powers of the production, acquisition, control and access to nuclear weapons must be simultaneous with the renunciation by nuclear Powers of further production of these weapons and with reaching an agreement on reduction of existing nuclear stockpiles. Sweden suggested that an agreement on a comprehensive test ban would be the most practical measure to prevent an increase in the number of nuclear Powers, since it was improbable that a nuclear Power could emerge without an extensive programme of nuclear testings The Swedish delegation re-stated its preference for a solution of the non-dissemination problem within the package of measures including a comprehensive test ban and a cut-off of production of weapons-grade fissile materials. It supported the Fanfani formula as a temporary solution until a comprehensive test ban and non-proliferation agreement could be achieved. To make easier the acceptance of the formula by some non-nuclear States, Sweden suggested that the time-limit for a moratorium envisaged by Fanfani*s formula should be relatively short. The HfiR said a non-dissemination treaty should take into account the decisions of the Cairo Hon-Aligned Conference, Brazil hoped that a treaty would provide for effective security of non-nuclear Powers and would take into account social and economic needs of under-developed countries, Nigeria said success in preventing a number of new countries from acquiring nuclear weapons depended on the following principles: (i) taking responsible political actions by the great Powers, in particular refraining from nuclear blackmail of smaller States or threatening their sovereignty with conventional weapons; (ii) sufficient development of the United Nations to safeguard and guarantee the territorial integrity of States; {iii} banning of nuclear weapons and/or renouncing their'first use; (iv) freezing of the production of nuclear weapons and nuclear delivery vehicles. 1/Jhile Nigeria thought that the above-mentioned principles •: ••-'-...... ' « 9 ~ ... • should be a political basis for a non-proliferation agreement, it did not suggest any formal link between a limited non-proliferation treaty and other measures, and was willing to proceed with the negotiation of a non-proliferation agreement as a separate limited step. A similar attitude was expressed by Ethiopia who thought that, as a minimum requirement, a non-dissemination ban should be accompanied by a comprehensive test ban and, perhaps, such measures as denuclearization of certain regions of the world and the signing of a convention on the prohibition of use of nuclear weapons. However, Ethiopia, as well as Burma and Mexico gave their unequivocal support to the proposal for signing a limited non-dissemination agreement, without linking it to other measures. : Commenting on the U. S» draft treaty, Ethiopia welcomed its provisions for an indirect ban on the transfer of nuclear weapons into national control of any non-nuclear State. It also noted the British formula for further extending this ban, 'and hoped that the U. K» suggestions could serve as a basis for a compromise talcing into account the Soviet misgivings about the draft. Other non-aligned delegations, while welcoming the tabling of the U. Sf draft treaty, refrained from comments on its substance. Ethiopia and Nigeria wondered whether the draft could not be amended to include the United Nations among the. depositaries of the future treaty. At the end of the session the eight non-aligned members of the EWDC tabled a joint memorandum on Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (ENDO/159*) which expressed regret that it had not yet been possible to reconcile the various approaches for an appropriate or adequate treaty. They believed that a treaty on non-proliferation was not an end in itself but only a 1 t. '.?•• • s -'--V-' ' means to an end, namely the achievement of general and complete disarmament, and, more particularly, nuclear disarmament. They were convinced that measures to prohibit the spread of nuclear weapons should, therefore, be coupled with or followed by tangible steps to halt the nuclear arms race and to limit, reduce and eliminate the stocks of nuclear weapons and the means of their delivery. The eight non-aligned members hoped that their basic approach would meet with general acceptance. IV. COMffiEHSNSIVE .TEST BAM TREATY A comprehensive test ban became a question of parallel importance to that of a non-proliferation treaty. In some instances non-aligned delegations, notably Sweden, viewed it as the more urgent and important step. The discussion, however, did not bring any break-through enabling solution of this problem. The Soviet Union said it was prepared to extend provisions ' - 10 - of the Moscow Partial ^"est Ban to cover all underground tests and to verify such comprehensive treaty solely by national means of control. On the other hand, the United States said that scientific progress in the field of detection of underground explosions had not yet justified acceptance of the Soviet view. If a world-wide system of large arrays of seismic detectors were established, it could be possible to detect seismic events under one kiloton range and to identify eighty per cent of events above few kildtons magnitude. Even in such cases some twenty per cent of seismic events would not be identifiable, including some forty-five underground events per annum in the Soviet Union. In /vfew of the United States, therefore, a small number of • on-site inspections per year was necessary to ensure against violations of a comprehensive test ban treaty. The United States declared that its positions with regard to the number'and modalities of on-site inspections was flexible and that it would take into account any further progress in seismology. Ml non-aligned delegations renewed their past suggestions aimed at bridging the gap between the positions of the two gfeat Powers. Sweden suggested that, perhaps4 a better formula than an annual quota of on- site inspections could be devised. In its view, some six inspections within a period of three years might provide a solution. Sweden also tabled a memorandum on international cooperation in detection of under- ground nuclear explosions (ENDC/154), which suggested an expansion of existing voluntary cooperation among States with a view to increasing the exchange of seismological data and to organizing a "detection club" with the participation of States advanced in seismology. Nigeria thought that four or five inspections over a period of three years and a moratorium on all nuclear tests pending the conclusion of a formal comprehensive test ban might be another solution. The UflR renewed its proposal for the extension • v "... of the provisions of the Moscow Partial Test Ban to cover underground tests above a threshold of 4.75 seismic magnitude and suggested a voluntary moratorium on smaller underground tests until a final agreement was reached. Brazil and India believed that the provisions of the Moscow Treaty should be extended to coyer underground tests above certain seismic magnitude. Such a threshold should be defined on the basis of scientific observations and exchange of data. The need for scientific exchange between nuclear Powers was also stressed by Sweden and the UflR. The Ethiopian •;v "•'•'"'.. --n - .. and Nigerian delegations accused the great Powers of reluctance to take bold steps to ban nuclear testing. Ethio-pia and India once more suggested a voluntary cessation of all nuclear tests pending the conclusion of a comprehen- sive treaty. The revival of the Sub-Committee on the Discontinuance of Buc.lear Weapon Tests was suggested by Burma and Nigeria* By the end of the session, the non-aligned group within the ENDC worked out a Joint Memorandum On a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (ENDC/159*). The Joint Memorandum noted lack of progress towards the objective of the discontinuance of all weapon tests, as stated in the Moscow Test Ban Treaty. It recalled the initiative taken by the eight delegations in their joint Memorandum of 14 September 1964, and said that in response to world public opinion and to the will of the United Nations* the non-aligned States had continued their efforts to ban all nuclear tests. They expressed their conviction that the discontinuance of the underground tests and the conclusion of a comprehensive test ban treaty would not only consolidate the Partial Test Ban Treaty, but would in itself constitute a measure towards non-proliferation of nuclear weapons, as, well as towards the improvement of international climate* They believed that agreement on a treaty banning underground tests could be facilitated by the exchange of scientific and other information by the nuclear Powers or by the improvement of detection and identification techniques, if necessary. Meanwhile, they reiterated their appeal to the Powers concerned to suspend forthwith nuclear weapon tests in: all environments. The Soviet Union announced its acceptance of the HfiR suggestion and expressed its readiness to agree to the extension of the Moscow Treaty provisions to underground tests above 4,75 seismic magnitude with a simultaneous voluntary moratorium on smaller tests. This suggestion was rejected by the United States, which reaffirmed its objections against half-measures based on an unverified ban on underground tests. The United States also rejected the idea of a voluntary or unverified moratorium on small underground tests, restating its past objections to such a step in view of the 1961 experience of the breaking of the moratorium. The United Kingdom presented a. Working Paper (ENDC/155) on its research on techniques for distinguishing between earthquakes and underground explosions, which supported the U. S* point of view that there was still a residual number of seismic events -above seismic magnitude 4,00 that could not be identified as earthquakes by advanced systems of remote seismological observation. . ..- 12 - • . It thought that a simple extension of the Moscow Treaty to cover underground tests above an agreed threshold, without a moratorium on other tests, was a more promising partial solution than one linked to a moratorium. But it pointed out that the definition of a threshold was still controversial, since the magnitude of some explosions could be artificially manipulated by detonations in large cavities. Therefore, the UK, supported by Panada. invited the Soviet Union to participate in scientific discussions with the Western experts to resolve problems involved in defining an appropriate .seismic threshold. Both the U.K, and Canada also supported the Swedish idea of establishing a global network of seismic stations to detect underground testing, T. OTHER OOIJAgERAL MEASURES 1. Elimination:of Foreign Bases and Troops The Soviet Union and its allies alluded to the political events outside of the ENDC Conference, especially to the war in Vietnam, and related to these events their proposal for the total elimination of bases and withdrawal of troops from foreign territories. They insisted that this was a most urgent measure which should be taken in order to achieve a change in the international political climate, to ease tension and facilitate further 'disarmament. . ;; ' - The United State's and .its allies restated their objections to the Soviet proposal," They said that foreign,bases were not a cause but the result of international tension; they were established in response to the Soviet threat to the Western Powers or as a result of defence arrangements between smaller countries and their allies for protection of their security. Therefore^, foreign bases would be eliminated only in the process of disarmament. .• • The United Kingdom, in addition, disputed the Soviet contention that the non-aligned members of the Disarmament Commission supported the USSR's position on the question of foreign bases. The non-aligned delegations* with the exception of the UAH, remained silent in the debate on this subject. The UAH, on its part, stressed the need for the elimination of foreign bases in accordance with the appeal of the Cairo Hon-Aligned Conference. 2. Measures to Halt Nuclear Weapons Eroduotion and to Reduce Exi sting Muelear .Stockpiles The United States renewed its proposal for a freeze on production of nuclear delivery"vehicles as well as the offer to cut-off the production of weapon-grade fissionable materials., and to transfer some amount of these : •'.'••.,"." - 13 - materials to peaceful purposes. It said that with regard to these measures the United States position, would be flexible. The United Kingdom welcomed the US proposals as important steps in the process of disarmament. In. varying degree, the US proposals for a cut-off and "freeze" were also acknowledged as positive measures by the non-aligned delegations and were included in their "package" plans to stop nuclear proliferation. The Soviet Union once more stated its view that these measures did not represent disarmament, but rather aimed at establishing control over existing armaments. 3. Prohibition-of. Use of Nuclear Weapons The Soviet Union restated its position on the subject, emphasizing that in the existing political situation the signing of a convention banning the use of nuclear weapons or, as an initial step, the issuing of declarations by . nuslear.. Powers with regard to non first-use of nuclear weapons, would become an effective means of relaxation of tension and a measure providing an increased sense of security to all States. The United States reaffirmed its negative position on the matter as contained in Secretary Dean Rusk's letter of 30 June 1962 addressed to the Secretary-General. ,Among the non-aligned delegations, the matter was referred to by Nigeria and Ethiopia who wanted to see the prohibition of use of nuclear weapons as a part of a non-dissemination programme* 4, Nuclear-^ree Zones ' - The question of nuclear-free zones was discussed during the session rather as a 'marginal issue. ... The USSR expressed its constant interest in the subject and recalled its memorandum-on collateral measures of 7 December 1965 containing, inter alia. proposals for the denuclearization of Central Europe, the Balkans, the Mediterranean and other regions of the world. Mexico informed the 3SNDC of the progress made by the Latin American countries within the ISeparatory Commission for the denuclearization of their continent. Poland recalled its past proposal for a nuclear-free zone in Central Europe and the more recent Gromulka Plan on the freezing of nuclear weapons within the area, .... Ethiopia referred to the subject of denuclearization in connexion with its non-dissemination proposals, 5. Transfer to Pe_aceful Uses of Means Released Through Disarmament The United Kingdom. Referring to operative paragraph 2(d) of resolution DC/225, stated its objections against establishing, at this stage of disarmament, of any formal link between the reduction of military expenditures and economic aid to developing countries. It said that assistance in economic development should be pursued in an orderly and balanced manner, and at tlie present time it would be premature to establish a fixed relationship between savings from disarmament and international economic aid. On the other hand, Italy expressed its support for the idea of a transfer of savings from disarmament to. an economic aid fund. India said the Disarmament Commission's recommendation should not be considered as a request for EMXJ action, but rather to keep the issue in view. Brazil* recalling its past proposals on the subject, drew attention to the necessity of linking a non-proliferation programme with. some measures of furthering social and economic progress in under- developed countries. VI. WCeiD DISARMAMENT COKESBESCB In response to the Disarmament Commission*s resolution DC/224, some MDC members referred to the question of a world disarmament conference. The Soviet Union and its allies emphasized the importance of such a. conference which, in-their opinion,'would effectively promote the cause of disarmament. Non-aligned delegations, in general, supported the proposal,for the convening of a conference. In particular India hoped that the General Assembly would take preparatory steps for an early convening of the Conference. The United Kingdom and Canada saw no objections against holding a world disarmament conference, but tfelt that proper preparation for the conference was required* Canada noted its considerable interest in the subject and said it would have some suggestions or ideas on the preparation of a conference which it would like to discuss in private talks with the ENDC members. Most speakers on,the subject expressed the opinion that such a conference was a means of bringing the People*s Republic of China and France into disarmament talks, 'This view was particularly stressed by the United Kingdom and Sweden... who thought that a world disarmament conference would have little value without these countries* , f 16 September 1965 Assessment of the Session of the EMDQ from. 27 July to 16 September 1965 The EHDG resumed on 27 July amid speculation as to Soviet intentions in suddenly agreeing to the reconvening of the Conference. There were also reports that the Western Powers were working on a draft non-dissemination treaty to be tabled at the Conference. It quickly became evident that the .Soviet Union intended to take no particular new initiative and that, so far as it was concerned, this session would be largely a routine restatement of well-known Soviet positions. The early days of the Conference were devoted mainly to reiteration of past positions and to ^astern charges and Western responses. on Vietnam and other cold war issues. It also became clear in the first days that the questions of non-dissemination and a comprehensive test ban> which had been singled out by the resolution of the Disarmament Commission, would be the main topics of this session. By the end of the session there was a general consensus among the delegations that useful work had been done. Hon-Disseminatioh . ..,-'. , ' The presentation of the Western draft treaty on non-proliferation, which was reported imminent when the Conference began, ran into difficulties of a substantive nature and it was not until 17 August that it was finally tabled as a United States draft treaty (ENDC/152). The fact that it was presented by the United States alone - although supported by the other Western Powers - and as an attempt to establish a basis for negotiations, indicated the differences among the Western Powers on the draft. The United Kingdom made clear its desire to see the draft improved by the inclusion of a provision retaining the veto of the nuclear Powers over any Western alliance arrangement for a collective voice over the use of nuclear weapons, The Soviet reaction to the U, S«, draft was awaited with interest although it was expected to be negative. Some significance may be attached to the fact that, although Mr, Tsarapkin attacked the draft as a cynical Western attempt to admit West Germany into the nuclear club, he carefully refrained from formally and explicitly rejecting it. His statement that the draft was not yet a basis for agreement appeared to leave the door open for further negotiations. The non-aligned delegations welcomed the tabling of the draft. Ethiopia thought the British idea might help to achieve a compromise, and India thought it did not reflect the need to give attention to a programme of related measures*, ••".••., „ 2 - The United States draft figured prominently as an issue in the West German election campaign. It is far from clear, but some hopes seem to persist that the positions of the U»S. and the USSR may toe somewhat less rigid after the elections on 19 September. The role of the non-aligned delegations was affected by their desire not to take sides on East-West issues and also by serious differences of approach among themselves'on the question of non-dissemination. Their positions ranged over a spegtrum of opinions: India at first insisted that the nuclear Powers must begin to reduce their nuclear weapons before the non-nuclear Powers committed themselves not to acquire such weapons, but finally said that the obligations of the nuclear Powers and of the non-nuclear Powers must be simultaneous; Burma, Ethiopia, Mexico and Nigeria, who also wished to see progress by the nuclear Powers on Disarmament, were willing to begin with a partial or limited non-dissemination treaty not linked to other measures. At the end of the session the 8 non-aligned members submitted a Joint Memorandum on Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (ENDC/158) which set forth their conviction that measures to prohibit the spread of nuclear weapons should' be "coupled with or followed by" tangible steps to halt the nuclear arms race and to limit, reduce and eliminate nuclear weapons* Foreign Minister Fanfani of Italy put forward a suggestion that w§s welcomed by the Westers and non-aligned countries, although India felt that it too should contain obligations by the nuclear as well as by the non-nuclear Powers, His formula was that, if a non-proliferation treaty were delayed, the non-nuclear Powers should unilaterally renounce the acquisition of nuclear weapons for a specified period of time, after which they would have freedom of action if their expectations for a non-proliferation treaty were not met. At the end of the session Italy tabled a Draft of Unilateral Non-Acquisition Declaration (ENDC/157) setting out the Fanfani proposal in formal language. The draft will no doubt become the subject of much discussion at the 20th session of the General Assembly, Tegt-Ban : ' : . In the light of the impasse oh the question of non-proliferation (both between East :and West and among the non-aligned), discussion in the lat-er phase of the Conference centred on the question of a comprehensive test ban. The Soviet Union accepted a UflR suggestion that the Test Ban Treaty be extended to prohibit all underground tests above 4«75 seismic'magnitude (the" equivalent of about 20 kilotons), together with a moratorium on all smaller explosions. The U. S, rejected this suggestion because of its opposition to any unverified ban or moratorium. - 3 - The non-aligned delegations also tended to concentrate on a comprehensive test Ban, which many of them regarded as just as important, and as effective a non-proliferation measure, as a non-dissemination treaty. At the end of the Conference they presented a Joint Memorandum on a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (EHDC/159) in which they stated that an underground test bah could be facilitated by the exchange of scientific and other Information by the nuclear Powers, or by the improvement of identification techniques, if necessary; they also reaffirmed that all tests should cease immediately and appealed to the Powers concerned to suspend teats in all environments forthwith. Conclusion As .was expected, the non-proliferation and test ban questions dominated the session. For the first time in the disarmament discussions a draft treaty was tabled on non-proliferation, although no real negotiations took place. The differences between East and West remain unbridged, and differences emerged amongst the non-aligned members and even among the Western Powers. Some hope was engendered that if a non-proliferation treaty could not be achieved, the Fanfani formula might provide a way to stabilize the situation temporarily and give more time to the Powers to continue their negotiations. As regards the comprehensive test ban, the positions of all of the parties remained substantially unchanged although there was a revival of some interest in the question of banning underground tests above the threshold of 4,75 seismic magnitude, The impasse on the questions of non«-proliferation and a comprehensive test ban is due less to the inherent difficulties of agreeing on their merits than to the international political difficulties and tensions which provided the context for the discussions. Perhaps the most important aspect of this session of the ENDC was the fact that it was held at all. While no concrete progress was made, the session was nevertheless interesting in view of the developing positions of the parties, and useful in that it provided an additional channel for international communication during a rather tense period* The discussions also helped to clarify the issues and will facilitate the deliberations at the 20th session of the General Assembly on non-proliferation and an; underground test ban as well as future negotiations on these subjects. fp EUROPEAN OFFICE Jffijk OFFICE EUROPEAN OF THE UNITED NATIONS IHI DES NATIONS UNIES MEMORANDUM A: His Excellency To : TJ Thant *«/'' The Secretary-General ' De: D. From : Special Representative pT the Secretary- General to the 18-Nation Committee on Disarmament Ref: Geneve, ..17..J3e.pt.amb£o:...1.9.6.5. Objet: Subject: ... I enclose herewith one signed corrected copy of the adopted Report of the 18-Nation Committee on Disarmament to the United Nations Disarmament Commission and to the 20th session of the General Assembly, as well ... as one further copy in each language. Encl: (5) ENDG/ CONFERENCE OF THE EiGHTEEN-NATION COMMITTEE U September 1965 ON Dff ARMAMENT ENGLISH "" •" " Original ^ENGLISH RUSSIAN REPORT TO THE UNITED NATIONS .DISARMAMENT COMMISSION AND THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY ~±r&&*mnett&^^ The Conference of the Eighteen Nation Committee on Disaimament transmits to the United Nations Disarmament Commission and to the General Assembly, a report on the Committee's deliberations on all questions before it for the period 27 July 1965 to 16 September 1965, Representatives of the following States continued their participation in the work of the Committee: Brazil, Bulgaria, Burma, Canada. Czechoslovakia, Ethiopia, India, Italy, Mexico, Nigeria, Poland, Romania, Sweden, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Arab Republic, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America. I. Procedural Arrangements A. Upon recommendation of the Co-Chairmen, members of the Committee reconvened the Conference on 27 July 1965, B. S-LvOgeii plenary meetings took place between 27 July 1965 and 16 September 1965. C. The Committee at its"2-5 T meeting on /¥? September 1965, having in view the convening of the Twentieth Session of the General Assembly on 21 September 1965, decided to adjourn this session of the Conference following its plenary meeting on 16 September 1965. • The Committee decided to resume its meetings in Geneva as soon as possible after the termination of the consideration of-disarmament at the Twentieth Session of the General Assembly, on.a date to be decided by the two Co-Chairmen after consultation vrith the members of the Committee. cdc.65-203 *f T"Qeneral and Complete Disarmament and Measures Aimed at the Lessening of International Tension, the Consolidation of Confidence Among'--States, ^Facilitating General and Complete Disarmament'' Members of the Committee have continued discussion of general and complete disarmament in meetings of the Committee. The Committee considers it to be a primary goal of its future work to continue efforts to develop a treaty on general and complete disarmament under effective international control. However, in view of present international developments, a number of members concentrated their attention at this session o'f the Conference on collateral measures. asures ; Aimedat ^fee^LesserujigL of Int^nat /> 'tegy^e iDnong Stafe^T^nd ^Farea^ta^:^ *n its efforts to achieve. and implement the widest possible agree- tfa Qyfy*wJX»JL ment at the. earliest possible date, continued consideration in its plenary meetings of 4 such measures as could be agreed to prior to, and as would facilitate the achievement of, general and complete disarmament. On 26 July 1965 the Co-chairmen received a letter (EMDC/L49) from the Chairman of the Disarmament Commission transmitting to the Committee document DC/224, addressed to the United Nations General Assembly and containing the text of the resolution adopted by the Disarmament Commission on 12 June 1965 on the question of5'a world. disarmament conference, and document DC/ 225, containing the text,.o£ the resolution adopted by the Disarmament Commission on 15 June-. 1965 which marde certain specific recommendations to the Committee, < ' On 27 July 1965., at the 21$th meeting, the United States submitted a message from President Lyndon B. Johnson to the Conference of the Eighteen-Nation Committee on Disarmament (EKDC/150). . On 29 July 1965, at the 219th meeting, the United Kingdom representative read a message to the Conference from Prime Minister Harold Wilson. On 5 August 1965, at the 221st meeting, the Committee issued a statement on the second anniversary of the signing of the limited test ban treaty in Moscow which stated that the Committee considered more urgent than ever further progress on disarmament measures. 'page' 2 H, General and Complete Disarmament Members of the Committee have continued discussion of general and complete disarmament in meetings of the Committee. The Committee considers it to be a primary goal of its future -work to continue efforts to develop a treaty on general and complete disarmament under effective international control. However, in view of present international developments, a number of members concentrated their attention at this session of the Conference on collateral measures. J.n its efforts to achieve.and implement the widest possible agree- tfo Cp»>^*rttrtSj Hient at the. earliest possible date, continued consideration in its plenary meetings of 4 ' such measures as could be agreed to prior to, and as would facilitate the achievement of, general and complete disarmament. On 26 July 1965 the Co-chairmen received a letter (EMDC/14-9) from the Chairman of the Disarmament Commission transmitting to the Committee document DC/224, addressed to the United Nations General Assembly and containing the text of the resolution adopted by the Disarmament Commission on 12 June 1965 on the question of*a world.disarmament conference, and document DC/225, containing the text^of the resolution adopted by the 1/fJJJA. ***:££+- Disarmament Commission on 15 Jung1.1965 which macie certain specific re-commendations to the Committee. On 27 July 1965, at the 2lSth meeting, the United States submitted a message from President Lyndon B-. Johnson to the Conference of the Eighteen-Nation Committee on Disarmament (EHDC/150). . On 29 July 1965, at the 219th meeting, the United Kingdom representative read a message to the Conference from Prime Minister Harold Wilson.' On 5 August 1965, at the 221st meeting, the Committee issued a statement on the second anniversary of the signing of the limited test ban treaty in Moscow •which stated that the Committee considered more urgent than ever further progress on disarmament measures. ENDC/156 page 3 On 10 August 1965 a letter was submitted by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics representative to the Special Representative of the Secretary General of the United Nations (ENDC/151) . On 17 August 1965.J at the 224th meeting, the United States,, supported by the delegat-ions- of Canada, Italy, and the United Kingdom, submitted a draft treaty to prevent the spread .of nuclear weapons (ENDC/152)* and a statement by President Lyndon B. Johnson on this draft treaty (ENDC/153). On 2 September 1965, at the 229th meeting, Sweden submitted a memorandum on international co-operation for the detection of underground explosions (SNDC/154)"". On 9 September 1965, at the 231st meeting, the United Kingdom submitted notes on United' Kingdom research on techniques for distinguishing between earthquakes"" ; |i|d moratorium on all other forms of uncter-grounu nm^o.^ to^^^ie, ^^i ^^^ o-^i~ ~,~ -0- ment had been reached on an overall ban on nuclear weapons tests. 'The United States reiterated its readiness to conclude an adequately verified comprehensive test ban treaty and in this regard emphasized the desirability of an exchange of scientific information among nuclear powers as suggested by the eight non-aligned states in document ENDC/145. The Committee did not reach any specific agreement at this session either on questions of general and complete disarmament or on measures aimed at the lessening of international tension. However, the members of the Committee believe that the * Indicates Conference documents which are attached at Annex 1, EIMDC/156 page 3 On 10 August 1965 a letter was submitted by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics representative to the Special Representative of the Secretary General of the United Nations (EMDC/151). On 1? August 1965j at the 224th meeting, the United States,, supported by the delegat-ions- of Canada, Italy, and the United Kingdom, submitted a draft treaty to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons (MDC/152)* and a statement by President Lyndon B. Johnson on this draft treaty (EHDC/153)'. On 2 September 1965, at the 229th meeting, .Sweden submitted a memorandum on international co-operation for the detection of underground explosions '(SMDC/154)*. On 9 September 1965, at the 231st meeting, the United Kingdom submitted notes on United' Kingdom research on techniques for distinguishing between earthquakes 'and underground explosions (ENDC/155)*. As at past sessions, the questions before the Committee were in general discussed in a thorough manner. All the participants in.the Committee took an active part in this discussion, and a number of interesting suggestions were put forward. The Soviet Union stated its readiness to meet the position taken by the United Arab Republic and to agree to its proposal that the implementation of the Moscow Treaty relating to the banning of tests of nuclear weapons in the atmosphere, in outer space and under water should be extended to cover under-ground nuclear tests above a seismic magnitude of 4.75> and that as an additional measure the nuclear Powers, should agree to a moratorium on all other forms of under-ground nuclear testing until such time as agree- ment had been reached on an overall ban on nuclear weapons tests, 'The United States reiterated its readiness to conclude an adequately verified comprehensive test ban treaty and in this regard emphasized the desirability of an exchange of scientific information among nuclear powers as suggested by the eight non-aligned states in document EHDC/14'5, The Committee did not reach any specific agreement at this session either on questions of general and complete disarmament or on measures aimed at the lessening of international tension. However, the members of the Committee believe that the * Indicates Conference documents which are attached at Annex 1. ENDC/156 page 4 extensive discussions on major problems relating to certain collateral measures were particularly valuable in clarifying the respective points of views of member govern- ments. The Committee believes that these discussions and exchanges of views may facilitate agreement in the further work of the Committee, ^Meetings of the Co-chairmen During the period covered by this report, the Representatives of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and of the United States of America, in their capacity as Co-Chairmen of the Eight e en-Nation Committee on Disarmament, held meetings to discuss the schedule of and procedure for the work of the Conference and certain sub-? stantive questions before the Conference, Conference Documents Transmitted as Annex II to this report is a list of all documents and verbatim records of the plenary meetings. This report is submitted by the Co-chairmen on behalf of the Conference of the Eighteen-Nation Committee on Disarmament. • Union of Soviet Socialist Republics United States of America S. K. Tfsarapkin William C. Foster UN/TED NATIONS ^ML A Or; FC NIN FC RK MA IL ^m2^1-Hrf^53§^lll ^ DC/22/59867 22 ASSEMBLA CCCHDI\Y/ ^iS^^V/lW§3Wf ENGLIS SeptembeH r 1965 ^£jp^i^ CRIGINAL: ENGLISH/ RUSSIAN • Twentieth session REPORT OF THE EIGHTEEN-NATION COMMITTEE IN DISARMAMENT 1. The Conference of the Eighteen-Nation Committee on Disarmament transmits to the United Rations Disarmament Commission and to the General Assembly a report on the Committee's deliberations on all questions before it for the period 27 July 1965 to 16 September 1965. 2. Representatives of the following States continued their participation in the work of the Committee: Brazil,, Bulgaria, Burma, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Ethiopia, India, Italy, Mexico, Nigeria, Poland, Romania, Sweden, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,. United Arab Republic, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and United States of America. I. Procedural arrangements 3. Upon recommendation of the Cc-Chairmen, members of the Committee reconvened the Conference on 27 July 1965. 4. Seventeen plenary meetings took place between 27 July 1965 and 16 September 1965. 5. The Committee, at its 2j^th meeting on 16 September 1965.5 having in view the convening of the twentieth session of the General Assembly on 21 September 19^5, decided to adjourn this session of the Conference following its plenary meeting on 16 September 19^5. The Committee decided to resume its meetings in Geneva as soon as possible after the termination of the consideration of disarmament at the twentieth session of the General Assembly, on a date to be decided by the two Co-Chairmen after consultation with the members of the Committee. 65-22451 -2- II. General and complete disarmament and measures aimed at the lessening of international tension, the consolidation of confidence among States, and facilitating general and complete disarmament 6. The Committee has continued its discussion of general and complete disarmament. The Committee considers it to be a primary goal of its future work to continue efforts to develop a treaty on general and complete disarmament under effective international control. However., in view of present international developments, a number of members concentrated their attention at this session of the Conference on collateral measures. 7. In its efforts to achieve and implement the widest possible agreement at the earliest possible date, the Committee continued consideration in its plenary meetings of such measures as could be agreed to prior to, and as would facilitate the achievement of, general and complete disarmament. 8. On 26 July 1965, the Co-Chairmen received a letter (EM)C/ll49) from the Chairman of the Disarmament Commission transmitting to the Committee document DC/22U, addressed to the General Assembly and containing the text of the resolution adopted by the Disarmament Commission on 11 June 1965 on the question of a world disarmament conference, and document DC/225, containing the text of the resolution adopted by the Disarmament Commission on 15 June 1965 which, inter alia, made certain specific recommendations to the Committee. 9. On 27 July 1965, at the 2l8th meeting, the United States submitted a message from President Lyndon B. Johnson to the Conference of the Eighteen-Wation Committee on Disarmament (EWEC/150). 10. On 29 July 1965? at the 219th meeting, the United Kingdom representative read a message to the Conference from Prime Minister Harold Wilson. 11. On 5 August 1965, at the 221st meeting, the Committee issued a statement on the second anniversary of the signing of the limited test ban treaty in Moscow which stated that the Committee considered more urgent than ever further progress on disarmament measures. -3- 12. On 10 August 1965 a letter was submitted by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics representative to the Special Representative of the Secretary-General of the United Nations (ENDC/151). 13. On 17 August 19655 at the 22^th meeting, the United States, supported by the delegations of Canada, Italy, and the United Kingdom, submitted a draft treaty to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons (EHDC/152)* and a statement by President Lyndon B. Johnson on this draft treaty (ENDC/153). lU. On 2 September 19^5, at the 229th meeting, Sweden submitted a memorandum on international co-operation for the detection of underground explosions (EMDC/15^).* 15. On 9 September 1965, at the 231st meeting, the United Kingdom submitted notes on United Kingdom research on techniques for distinguishing between earthquakes and underground explosions (ENDC/155)°* 16. On ih September 1965, at the 232nd meeting, Italy submitted a draft unilateral non-acquisition declaration (EHDC/157).* 17= On 15 September 19^5; at the 233rd meeting, a joint memorandum on non- proliferation of nuclear weapons (ENDC/153)* was submitted by Brazil, Burma, Ethiopia, India, Mexico,"Nigeria, Sweden, and the United Arab Republic. 18. Also at the 233rd meeting on 15 September 19^5, Brazil, Burma, Ethiopia, India, Mexico, Nigeria, Sweden, and the United Arab Republic submitted a joint memorandum on a comprehensive test ban (ENDC/159)•* 19. As at past sessions, the questions before the Committee were in general discussed in a thorough manner. All the participants in the Committee took an active part in this discussion and a number of interesting suggestions v/ere put forward. The Soviet Union stated its readiness to meet the position taken by the United Arab Republic and to agree to its proposal that the implementation of the Moscow Treaty relating to the banning of tests of nuclear weapons in the atmosphere, in outer space .and under water should be extended to cover underground nuclear tests above a seismic magnitude of U-755 and that as an additional measure the nuclear Powers should agree to a moratorium on all other forms of underground * The asterisk indicated Conference documents which are attached as annex I. nuclear testing until such time as agreement had been reached on an over-all ban on nuclear weapons tests. The United States reiterated its readiness to conclude an adequately verified comprehensive test ban treaty and in this regard emphasized the desirability of an exchange of scientific information among nuclear Powers, as suggested by the eight non-aligned States in document EMDC/1U5- 20. The Committee did not reach any specific agreement at this session either on questions of general and complete disarmament or on measures aimed at the lessening of international tension. However, the members of the Committee believe that the extensive discussions on major problems relating to certain collateral measures were particularly valuable in clarifying the respective points of views of member Governments. The Committee believes that these discussions and exchanges of views may facilitate agreement in the further work of the Committee. III. Meetings of the Co-Chairmen 21. During the period covered by this report, the representatives of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and of the United States of America, in their capacity as Co-Chairmen of the Eighte.en-Wation Committee on Disarmament, held meetings to discuss the schedule of and procedure for the work of the Conference and certain substantive questions before the Conference. IV. Conference documents 22. A list of all documents and verbatim records of the plenary meetings is given in annex II to the present report. 25. This report is submitted by the Co-Chairmen on behalf of the Conference of the Eighteen-Wation Committee on Disarmament. (Signejd) 3.K. TSARAPKIN (Signed) William C. FOSTER Union of Soviet Socialist Republics United States of America -5- ANNEX I List of documents attached to the Report United States of America: ENDC/152 Draft Treaty to prevent the spread of Nuclear Weapons Sweden: Memorandum on International co-operation for the detection of underground nuclear explosions United Kingdom: ENDC/155 Notes on United Kingdom Research on techniques for distinguishing between earthquakes and underground explosions Italy: ENDC/157 Draft of Unilateral Non-Acquisition Declaration Brazil, Burma, Ethiopia, India, Mexico, Nigeria, Sweden and the ENDC/158* United Arab Republic: Joint Memorandum on Non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Brazil, Burma, Ethiopia, India, Mexico, Nigeria, Sweden and the ENDC/159* United Arab Republic: Joint Memorandum on a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty -6- CONFERENCE OF THE EIGHTEEN-NATION COMMITTEE ON DISARMAMENT Eiroc/152 17 August 1965 Original; ENGLISH TOUTED STATES OF AMERICA Draft Treaty to, prevent the spread of Nuclear.Weapons The Parties to this Treaty, Desiring to promote international peace and security, Desiring in particular to refrain from taking steps which will extend and intensify the arras race, Believing that the further spread of nuclear weapons will jeaopardize these ends, Recalling that Resolution 1665 (XVI) of the General Assembly of the United Nations urges all States to cooperate for these purposes, Desiring to achieve effective agreements to halt the nuclear arms race, and to reduce armaments, including particularly nuclear arsenals, Reaffirming their determination to achieve agreement on general and complete disarmament under effective international control, Have agreed as follows: ARTICLE I 1. Each of the nuclear States Party to this Treaty undertakes not to transfer any nuclear weapons into the national control of any non-nuclear State, either directly, or indirectly through a military alliance, and each undertakes net to take any other action which would cause an increase In the total number of States and other organizations having independent power to use nuclear weapons. 2. Each of the nuclear States Party to this Treaty undertakes not to assist any non-nuclear State in the manufacture of nuclear weapons. ARTICLE II 1. Each of the non-nuclear States Party to this Treaty undertakes not to manufacture nuclear weaponsj each undertakes not to seek or to receive the transfer of such weapons into its national control, either directly, or indirectly through a military alliance; and each undertakes not to take any other action which would cause an increase in the total number of States and other organizations having independent power to use nuclear weapons. cdc.65-94 -7- ENDC/152 page 2 2. Each of the non-nuclaar States Party to chis Treaty undertakes not to seek or to receive assistance in the manufacture of nuclear weapons, or itself to grant such assistance. ARTICLE III Each of the States Party to this Treaty undertakes to cooperate in facilitating the application of International Atomic Energy Agency or equivalent international safeguards on all peaceful nuclear activities. ARTICLE IV In this Treaty (a) — "nuclear State" neans a State possessing independent power to use nuclear weapons as of (date). (b) — "non-nuclear State" means any State which is not a nuclear State. ARTICLE V 1. This Treaty shall be open to all States for signature. Any State which does not sign this Treaty before its entry into force in accordance with paragraph 3 of this Article may accede to it at any time. 2. This Treaty shall be subject to ratification by signatory States. Instruments of ratification and instruments of accession shall be deposited with the Governments of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and the United States of America, which are hereby designated the Depositary Governments. 3. This Treaty shall enter into force on the deposit of instruments of ratification by (a certain number of) governments, including those of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and the United States of America. 4- For States whose instruments of ratification or accession are deposited subsequent to the entry into force of this Treaty, it shall enter into force on the date of the deposit of their instruments of ratification or accession. -8- ENDC/152 page 3 5. The Depositary Governments shall promptly inform all signatory and acceding states of the date of each signature, the date of deposit of each instrument of ratification of and accession to this Tre?ty, and the date of its entry into force. 6. This Treaty shall be registered by the Depositary Governments pursuant to Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations. ARTICLE VI 1. This Treaty shall remain in force indefinitely subject to the ri^ht of any Party to the Treaty to withdraw from the Treaty if it decides that extraordinary events related to the subject matter of the Treaty have jeopardized the supreme interests of its country. It shall give notice of such withdrawal to all other signatory and acceding States and to the United ITations Security Council three months in advance. Such notice shall include a statement of the extraordinary events it regards as having jeopardized its supreme interests. 2. years after the entry into force of this Treaty, a conference of parties may be held at a date and place to be fixed by agreement of two-thirds of the parties in order to review the operation of the Treaty. ARTICLE VII This Treaty, of which the Chinese, English, French, Russian, and'Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited in the archives of the Depositary Governments. Duly certified copies of this Treaty shall be transmitted by the Depositary Governments to the Governments of the signatory and acceding- States. IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, duly authorized, have signed this Treaty. DONE in triplicate at the city of , the day of , one thousand nine hundred and sixty five. -9- / CONFERENCE OF THE EIGHTEEN-NATION COMMITTEE ^tet.ber i%5 ON DISARMAMENT Original: ENGLISH SWEDEN Meaorandura on international co-operation for the detection of underground nuclear explosions In view of the efforts being made to extend the partial test ban to cover also underground nuclear tests, the question of improving existing facilities for monitoring seismic events has received increased attention. The scientific advisers, attached to the Swedish delegation at the ENDC, a few months ago presented a discussion paper on extended international co-operation in seismology for detection purposes ("detection club11). The Swedish delegation has the honour to present to the ENDC for information its views on this subject. Underground nuclear explosions do not, as a rule, generate global distributions of easily detected radio active debris. So far the seismic method seems to be the only technical way to detect them. Since the conclusion of the partial test ban considerable progress has been made in the fields of seismic detection. Problems, however, still remain in the fields of identification and inspection. These problems are not discussed in this paper "which is confined to the problem of detection, i.e. questions related to the national systems of seismological detection. The seismological stations are not yet optimally developed in all countries. It is surmised that if the means of detection were sufficiently developed, the problem of identification, i.e. of distinguishing between natural earthquakes and man-made explosions would be greatly facilitated. ¥ell equipped and well located stations can now detect events corresponding to yields of the order of one kiloton from distances up to 10.000 kilometres, covering half the globe. Hence no state has territories large enough to contain such seismic signals within its borders. The methods to record these signals seems now to be good enough to permit an adequate "national means only" solution of the detection part of the verification problem. If, however, the data emanating from the national systems were kept insulated within the national framework of each country, few of these, if any, would be large enough to monitor signals from the whole globe. To make it possible for all nations, interested in the compliance with a treaty banning cdc.65-163 -10- ENDC/154 oa.ge 2 nuclear test explosions, to follow and also seek to evaluate events, presupposes availability of data from several stations in widely distributed and suitably selected locations. Such co-ooeration by exchange of peisnclogical data is already internationally instituted for the purpose of monitoring and studying earthquakes. As new and technologically :nuch more advanced seismic stations are now being established and data flowing from them are beginning to roach the community of scientists in this field, the time has come to consider'which forms further collaboration should take. We think that states, interested on one hand in furthering seismological observations and research and on the other hand in the detection of underground explosions, will find it useful to co-operate in an exchange of pertinent seismological observations. Such a "detection club" would essentially be an international data service, giving access to first class data for Indeoonderit analysis. If such co-operation is started before an underground test ban enters into force, research on the regaining test ban verification oroblems will be facilitated. The last mentioned aspect has led the Swedish Government to olan certain steps to establish in Sweden aporopriate resources for seis'Tiological observation and analysis. The observation data will be -lade available to all interested oarties, and Sweden expects to get corresponding information in return. The detection club data should preferably cone from good instruments on good sites, globally distributed, in advantageous positions. Although a broad participa- tion would be desirable, such a global network could be based on ceismological observations from selected stations in a rather small nuribar of countries. In order to broaden the uncertainty range of the absolute detection threshold facing a prospective test ban violator and thus increase the deterrence capability of seisnological verification systems it is foreseen that some stations :-r' ght v-.-nml n outride the network of co-operating stations. The data exchanged should comprise short nossages - of tha bulletin type currently used by seismologists - continuously circulated on a time scale appropriate to detection efforts. It would also be of great value if the results of calculations on bulletin data were included. The data co-operation should, furthermore, comprise the exchange, upon request, OL copies of records. Another essential element of the proposed co-operation would be the facilitation of the data exchange by the adoption of appropriate standards for instrumentation and data formats. -11- ENDC/15A page 3 One will also have to consider that the existing and projected advanced seismological stations wi.'.l extract a very large amount of information from the earth. To cope with this immense quantity of data it may prove necessary to establish some intsrnationai co-ordinating body. International data exchange is since long a well established practice in the geophysical sciences. The paramount importance of such co-operation for seismology has generated several national, regionally international and global schemes for the collection, analysis and exchange of data. Examples of regionally international schemes are the arrangements maintained in France, Japan, the USSR and the United States, Indeed, much of the desiderata for the extended data exchange proposed in this pa-per is already met by the existing arrangements for scientific purposes. Thus, the specific needs of a "detection club" would in many casej require only adjustments of present national and international efforts. The development of the science of geophysics and of the technique of test ban verification are closely connected. It would therefore be advantageous for all concerned to make the "detection club1' data available Lo all scientists, to use such standards as might be sponsored by the International 2:*uncil of Scientific Unions, to seek ways to achieve rapid circul tion of bulletin data on some global telecommuni- cation network accessible to scientists (e.g the one used by the World Metereological Organization for waather data and tapped in all countries) and to achieve co-ordination as far as possible, with existing global seismological co-operative efforts, such as the International Seismological Centre at Edinburgh. The considerations in this paper have been formulated so as to help achieve more -effective seismological detection as well as to allow science to benefit from resources allocated for detection purposes and vice versa, while avoiding to place an unwanted politcal burden upon scientists. -12- CONFERENCE OF THE EIGHTEEN-NATION COMMITTEE ENDC/ISS ON DISARMAMENT 9 September 1965 Original: ENGLISH UNITED KINGDOM Notes on United Kingdom Research on techniques for distinguishing between earthquakes and underground explosions The E.N.D.C. is familiar -with the history of the Experts Conference here in Geneva in 1953 and its recommendations for monitoring possible violations of a nuclear test ban treaty in all environments. Then, as now, discussions about how to distinguish between earthquakes and man-made underground exolosions proved most difficult of all. This continuing difficulty is reflected in the fact that while it is still not possible to obtain agreement on this problem, a treaty banning nuclear tests in all other environments has been concluded. When it became clear that for various reasons the control system recommended at Geneva in 1958 was unlikely to be implemented, scientists in the United Kingdom took a new look at the possibilities of detecting underground events at much greater r distances than the 1000 kilometre range required for the Geneva recommendations of 1953. The thought was that seismic waves generated at such distances as would enable them to travel through the earth's homogeneous deep mantle should be much freer from the complexities introduced at shorter ranges by heterogeneities along shallower propagation paths through the earth's crust. With this concept in mind, U.K. scientist: embarked on a seismic research orogramme to examine the possibilities of developing a detection system very different from that already recommended at Geneva. The problem was seen as calling not only for research in all the usual seismic conditions but also as one where the seismic problem itself should be examined as one of exact measurement. The latter aspect immediately led to all recordings being made in such a way as would enable them to be processed electronically. By increasing the number of seismometers per station and deploying them in beam-i'orming arrays, by placing them in deeo boreholes and by seeking lower noise sic.es than oreviouoly used, cdc.65-191 -13- ENDC/155 page 2 the possibility of great improvements in the signal to noise ratio soon became apparent with an essentially increased ability to see the first motions of the compressional or P waves arriving from a seismic source. It was found that arrays of this particular tyre offered the greatest promise of advancement. As well as offering a signal to noise improvement in proportion to the square root of the number of seismometers used, they allowed the possibility of turning the array to more than one signal component velocity, thus improving the reception of later signal components, they offered an approximate determination of the direction of the source and they provided a body of data which enabled a method for determining depth of focus to be applied with considerable success. With such early encouragement scientists in the U.K. intensified their work with these arrays and established an experimental facility in U.K. to develop array techniques and prove instrumentation. At the same time, in close collaboration with their colleagues in the U.S., they established a similar experimental facility in the U.S. From this work it became apparent that a completely new concept of methods could be used to detect and identify earthquakes. The main facts then emerging may be summarised as follows: (a) Application of data processing techniques to magnetic tape recordings increased the capability of determining first motion of the first wave. (b) Estimation of the fiocal depth of events could be improved. (c) Array type stations could be operated, effectively beyond 3000 kilometres, as compared with the 1000 kilometres range for the previous Geneva system. (d) Comparative differences in the characteristics of seismic waves from earthquakes and explosions were enhanced. These advances suggested that the seismic detection and identification required to monitor a ban on underground tests could be carried out by a relatively small number of array stations at tcleseismic distances. The reduced number of station sites in turn increased the possibility of confining stations to the quiets :-;t i-Misrr.ic sites available and this in itself led to a significant improvement in attaining the signal to noise ratio necessary to detect the smallc-ct events of interest. The next stage in this research vork obviously called for a specific study of explosions and earthquakes at teleseismic distances using large arrays. In tho U.K. SNDC/155 nape 3 case these have varied from about 10 to 25 kilometre" in length, are of a crossed linear geometry rather than triangular or radial and are carefully sited for noise, interference, and topographical character!::tics. This oba-je of the wc:'k is a continuing: part of the research programme si; 111 being pursued by U.K. acier.tinto. In the development and application of these array systems there are ."any variants to be examined. These include array geometry, site noise level, the number and characteristics of seismometers to be deploy.-..'_. The results to be reported from the very large array experiment now being j- ;.-rL jd out in. the "United States vill be of great interest. It is hoped that the aorro-ch taken by U.K. scientist,- /111 also contribute to resolving this difficult prob]..;rn of distinguishing between natural seismic events and man-made underground explosions. A corresponding statement from any other delegation which has a contribution to report would be welcome. But Behind all this, many detailed technical problems ari-o calling for detailed technical discussion. It would therefore be greatly preferable to have the- scientist1? working on these problems brought together to discv.s:: their work and asses:; the possibilities of creating an effective monitoring system for the detection and identific'ition of underground nuclear explosions. It may well be that ao effective monitoring pyste;:, will call not for one particular type of arrr-.y but various tyoes depending on local seismic and topographical characteristics, as well as costs. In the meantime the U.K. has continually sought to exploit these new technical advances as they have come along. They made possible a now approach to an underground test ban in 1962 and the West have continued to modify their position as scientific evidence has accumulated1. Son.e of this work has already been published and all the work carried out by U.K. scientists is now being prepared for publication. That work was the subject of a symposiun sponsored by the. Royal Society in January of this year and to which representatives from many countries, including the Soviet Union, wery invited. Nevertheless, with all these technical advances there still remains a residual number of seismic events at or above seismic ina^ritucle 4.0 that would be unidentifi- able by remote seisniological observations alone, and which could be susoecteo as possible violations of a test ban, unless they could be eliminated by some sin^lemen- tary means such as on-site inspection boing applied in some measure. This is the -15- ENDC/155 page L, problem that still confronts us and that prevents an extension of the test ban treaty to cover the underground environment. It remains to be seen whether further research can provide any significant improvement on the position now reached but if there is such a possibility the U..K. believe that it could only be hastened in a detailed joint examination of the advances now achieved in the Soviet Union, the United States and the United Kingdom. -16- CONFERENCE OF THE EIGHTEEN-NATION COMMITTEE ON DISARMAMENT Slumber 1965 Original s ENGLISH , ITALY < Draft of Unilateral Ion-Acquisition Declaration The Government of not having national control of' nuclear weapons, desirin-g to promote international peatee and security and tt> achieve general and complete disarmament under effective international control, recalling General Assembly Resolution 1665 (XVl)§ reaffirming the necessity of an international agreement to stop the spread of nuclear weapons, convinced that a unilateral renunciation of nuclear weapons by the non-nuclear States may facilitate and encourage international agreements tc prevent the spread of nuclear weapons, to halt the nuclear arms race, and to reduce nuclear arsenals, leading to general and complete disarmament, honing that such agreements will be achieved very soon, declares that; from the date of the entry into force of the present declaration and for a period of years, l) it will not manufacture or otherwise acquire national control of nuclear weapons? 2) it will not seek or receive assistance from other States in the manufacture of any such weapons3 3) it will accept the applicatio of IAEA or equivalent- international Safeguards on its nuclear activities; declares further that; l) the present undertakings are conditioned upon similar declarations, issued by at least States within six months from the signature of the present declaration? 2) three months before the expiration of the above said period of .... years, it will consult other signatories of similar declarations, in order to prolong the said undertakings, considering the progress which has been made toward international agreements to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons, or to halt the nuclear arms race, and to reduce nuclear arsenals; 3) it reserves all freedom of action if a non-nuclear State in any way acquires within the above- mentioned period of. years national control of nuclear weapons. -cdcrj'5-207 -17- EWDC/157 page 2 / invites all States not having national control of nuclear weapons, and particularly those which are already approaching nuclear capabilitys to engage, as a matter of urgency, in the undertakings as set forth in the present declaration? calls upon all States to respect and to cbserve the .principles of this declaration and to encourage their »bservanke- by other Siates. .65-207 -18- CONFERENCE OF THE EIGHTEEN-NATION COMMITTEE 1965 ON DISARMAMENT ENGLISH ONIX BRAZIL, BURMa, ETHIOPIA, INDIA, MEXICO, NIGER!/,, SDfEDEN AND THE UNITED ARAB REPUBLIC, Joint Mem or o,ndxim on Mon-proliferation of JSuclear Weapons The Disarmament Commission of the United Nations adopted Resolution DC/225 on 15 June, 1965, with an overwhelming majority and, inter alia, "convinced that failure to conclude a universal treaty or agreement to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons leads to the most serious consequences", recommended that the Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee should "also accord special priority to the consideration of the question of a treaty or convention to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons, giving close attention to the various suggestions chat agreement could be facilitated by adopting a programme of ce^ain related measures." The delegations of Brazil, Burma, Ethiopia, India, Mexico, Nigeria, Sweden and the United Arab Republic have been deeply concerned with this problem. They have noted with satisfaction that the other members of the Committee also expressed their anxiety in regard to this problem. The delegations of the NATO countries represented in the Committee have submitted a draft treaty on non-proliferation of nuclear weapons. The non-aligned delegations regret, however, that it has not yet been possible to reconcile the various approaches for an appropriate or adequate treaty on non-proliferation of nuclear weapons. In these circumstances, the delegations of Brazil, Burma. Ethiopia, India, Mexico, Nigeria, Sweden and the United jtrab Republic believe that it would be of advantage if they placed on record their basic approach to the question of non—j>ro"i ifY-raH on. A treaty on non-proliferation of nuclear weapons is not tin end in itself but only a means to an end. That end is the achievement of General and Complete Disarmament, and, more particularly, nuclear disarmament, The eight delegations are convinced that measures to prohibit the spread of nuclear weapons should;, therefore, be coupled with or followed by tangible steps to halt the nuclear arms race and to limit, reduce and eliminate the stocks of nuclear weapons arid the means of their delivery. The delegations of Brazil, Burma, Ethiopia, India, Ai'exico, Nigeria, Sweden and the United Arab Republic express the hope that their basic approach concerning a non- proliferation treaty as put forward in the foregoing paragraphs will receive general acceptance so that a draft treaty on prevention of proliferation of nuclear weapons receives the support of the entire international community. "" This document super sides the document EIJDC/1J58 -19- CONFERENCE OF THE EIGHTEEN-NATION COMMITTEE ENDC/159* 15 September 1965 ON DISARMAMENT P Original: ENGLISH BRAZIL, BURMA, ETHIOPIA, INDIA, MEXICO, NIGERIA, SWEDEN AJffi T'HE UNITED ARAB REPUBLIC Joint Memorandum on a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. The international community has for many years urged upon all states, particularly the major powers, the imperative need to reach agreement on the cessation of all test explosions of nuclear weapons for all time. The United Nations has adopted several resolutions on the subject, particularly Resolution 1762 (XVII) which condemned all tests. The Moscow Test Ban Treaty, entered into on August 5, 1963, was a significant- first step in this direction. The preamble to this Treaty expressed the determination of the nuclear powers to continue negotiations for achieving the discontinuance of all-nuclsar-weapi. tests. Unfortunately, no progress has yet been made towards this end, and test explosions continue to take place despite repeated calls by the United Nations for the urgent need for suspension of nuclear and thermo-nuclear tests /"Resolution 1910 (XVHl)J/ In particular, the United Nations has called upon the Eighteen-Nation disarmament Committee to continue with a sense of urgency its negotiations on that behalf. The delegations of Brazil, Burma, Ethiopia, India, Mexico, Nigeria, Sweden and the United Arab Republic noted that the. Disarmament Commission, convened in April-June 1965, took special interest in the question of the prohibition of nuclear- weapon tests, and made a special mention of the initiative taken by the eight delegations as contained in the memorandum they jointly submitted to the Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee on 14 September 1964. Resolution DC/225 of June 15, 1965, especially recommended that the Sighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee should consider as a matter of priority the question of extending the scope of the Partial Test Ban Treaty to cover underground tests. In response to world public opinion and to the will of the United Nations as embodied in the various resolutions adopted by the General Assembly, as well as in implementation of the Resolution 225 of the Disarmament Commission, the delegations of the eight non-aligned states have Continued to pursue with urgency and determination, in the present session of the Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee, the question of the discontinuance of nuclear weapon tests. They have also elaborated various proposals and suggestions made by them in this respect. * This document supersedes the document ENDC/159. -20- ENDC/159 * page 2 The delegations of the eight non-aligned states are convinced that the discontinuance of the underground tests and the conclusion of a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty will not only consolidate the Partial Test Ban Treaty but also in itself constitute a measure towards non-proliferation of nuclear weapons. It will strengthen the efforts being made to reach agreement on an appropriate treaty about non-proliferation, and generally improve the international climate. The delegations of Brazil, Burma, Ethiopia, India, Mexico, Nigeria, Sweden and the United Arab Republic have noted with satisfaction the declarations made during the current session of the Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee that there has been considerable improvement in the techniques of detection and identification of underground tests. They ..therefore urge 'the Nuclear Powers to take immediate steps to reach an agreement to ban all nuclear weapon tests. They still believe that agreement on a treaty banning under- ground tests could be facilitated by the exchange of scientific and other information between -the. Nuclear Powers or by the improvement of detection and identification techniques, if necessary. I'leaniv'hile, they reiterate their -appeal to the powers concerned to suspend forthwith nuclear weapon tests in all environments. In ordsr to assist the Nuclear Powers in observing suspension of underground tests, the non-aligned delegations stress the advantages that would accrue from international cooperation in the work of seismic detection. The eight delegations .-eaffirm their stand that all nuclear-weapon tests should cease immediately. -21- AHKEX II CHECK-LIST OF DOCUMENTS ISSUED BY THE CONFERENCE (26 July 1965-16 September 1965) -22- Part A - Verbatim records of the Conference /EIIDC/?V.-serie_s/ Date S7/mbol 218th meeting to 234th meeting 2? July 1965 EIDC/PV.218 to 16 September 1965 to EMJC/PV.234 Part B - Documents of the Conference /3NDC/- series/ Title of document Date Symbol Letter dated 16 June 1965 from the Chairman 26 July 1965 EWDC/149 of the Disarmament Commission to the co- Chairmen of the Conference of the Eighteen- Nation Committee on disarmament transmitting resolutions DC/224 and.DC/225 of the Disarmament Commission United States of America: 2 August 1965 ET.DC/150 Message of President Lyndon B. Johnson of 2? July 1965 to the Conference of the Eighteen-Nation Committee on Disarmament Union of Soviet Socialist Republics: 10 August 1965 EKDC/151 Letter dated 10 August 196? from the Chairman of the delegation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics to the Special Representative of the Secretary- General of the United Nations United States of America: 17 August 1965 ENDC/152 Draft Treaty to prevent the spread of Iluclear '-eapons United States of America: IS August 1965 EIIDC/153 Statement of President Lyndon B. Johnson of 17 August 1965 on the Draft Treaty to prevent the Spread of Nuclear Weapons Sweden: 2 September 1965 SIDC/154 Ilemorandum on international co-operation for the detection of underground nuclear explosions United Kingdom: 9 September 1965 ENDC/155 Notes on United Kingdom Research on techniques for distinguishing between earthquakes and underground explosions -25- Title of document Date Symbol Draft\Report to the United. Nations Disarmament I,',. September 1965 EUDC/156 Commission and the--General jVoserafely (recoiiiraencied by the co-Chairmen) 15 Septan:;-sr 1965 French, Rus sian and Spanish Italy: I/,. September 1965 EKDC/157 Draft of Unilateral 1-! on-Acquisition Declaration Brazil, Burma, Ethiopia, India, Mexico, 15 September 1965 EKDC/153 Nigeria, Svrecl.cn. and the United. Arab Republic: Joint Memorandum on Non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons ibicl 15 September 1965 ENDC/158* English only Brazil, Burma, Ethiopia, India, iloxico, 15 September 1965 SiDC/159 Nigeria, Sweden and the United Arab Republic: Joint ;iemorandu::i on a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty ibid 15 September 1?65 E21DC/159* Part C - Documents containing information of an administrative nature /ENDC/INF. - series/ Title of document Symbol Basic information for delegations on 27 July 1965 .IiNDC/IlTF.l/Rev.5 conference arrangements and documentation List of Members of Delegations to the 27 July 1965 Conference Corrigendum to the List of Members of 29 July 1965 :LrTDC/Ii-.'F.2/Rev.21/ Delegations to the Conference Corr.l Knglish only List of fcembers of Delegations to the 3 August 1965 JifJDC/Ufa . 2/Rev. 22 Conference Corrigendum to the List of Members of 2 September 1965 ^DC/IFF.2/Rev.22 Delegations Corr.l Check-list of documents issued between 16 September 1965 ZIiDC/INF.4/Add.35 26 July 1965 and 16 September 1965 Part D - Non-governmental communications /ENDC/NGC/ - Seriej/ Title of document Date Symbol List of communications received by the Secretariat 16 September 1965 3NDC/NGC/20 of the Conference from 26 July 1965 to 16 September 1965 UNITED NATIONS Distr. GENERAL SECURITY 8/6707* COUNCIL 2k September 1965 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH LETTER DATED 21 SEPTEMBER 1965 FROM THE CHAIRMAN OF THE DISARMAMENT COMMISSION ADDRESSED TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL I have the honour to refer to the recent session of the Disarmament Commission held at Headquarters, New York, between 21 April and 16 June 1965. The records of the. meetings are contained in DC/PV.71 to 105 inclusive. I also have the honour to forward herewith the texts of resolution DC/224, adopted by the Disarmament Commission at its 98th meeting on 11 June 1965, and resolution DC/225 adopted at the 102nd meeting on 15 June 1965. I would request that you be good enough to transmit these resolutions of the Disarmament Commission to the General Assembly and the Security . Council. Accept, etc. (Signed) Mohamed Awad EL-KONY Chairman, Disarmament Commission Also issued under the symbol A/5992. 65-22641 . UNITED NATIONS Eistr. DISARMAMENT GENERAL DC/224 COMMISSION 1?' June 1965 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH RESOLUTION ADOPTED BY THE DISARMAMENT COMMISSION AT ITS 98TH MEETING OH 11 JUNE 1965 The Disarmament Commission, Recognizing the paramount importance of disarmament as one of the basic problems of the contemporary world and that its solution should be sought- in a world-wide framework, Convinced that a world disarmament conference as proposed by the Second Conference of Non-Aligned Countries would provide powerful support to the efforts which are being made to set in motion the process of disarmament and for securing the further and steady development of this process, with a view to speeding'up general and complete disarmament under effective international control and thus contributing to the relaxation of international tension, 1. Welcomes the proposal adopted at the Second Conference of Non-Aligned Countries in October 196^ for the convening of a world disarmament conference to which all countries would be invited; 2. Recommends that the Ge»eral Assembly give urgent consideration to the above-mentioned proposal at its twentieth session. 65-1^506 UNITED NATIONS ] /^X^E^vv. Distr. DISARMAMENT COMMISSION ORIGINAL: ENGLISH 'RESOLUTION ADOPTED BY THE DISARMAMENT COMMISSION AT ITS 102HD MEET BIG ON 15 JUNE 1965 The Disarmament Commission, Having considered the report dated 17 September 196*1- of the Eighteen-Nat ion Disarmament Committee submitted to the United Nations Disarmament Commission and to the nineteenth session of the General Assembly, Reaffirming the ultimate and continuing responsibility of the United Nations for disarmament, Noting with regret that during 196*1 despite the efforts made by the Eighteen- Nation Disarmament Committee no specific agreements were reached either on general and complete disarmament or .on measures aimed at the lessening of international tension, or halting and reversing the arms race, Deploring that, notwithstanding General Assembly resolutions 1762 (XVTl) and 1910 (XVTII), nuclear weapon tests have taken place and also that no agreement has been reached on the "discontinuance of all test explosions of nuclear weapons for ! all time", which is one of the stated objectives of the partial test-ban treaty, '• Considering that the memorandum of !*(• September 196*1- submitted to the : Conference of the Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee by the delegations of ; Brazil, Burma, Ethiopia, India, Mexico, Nigeria, Sweden and the United Arab Republic, represents a fair and sound basis for the conduct of negotiations towards removing the remaining differences for the conclusion of a comprehensive test-ban treaty, Convinced that failure to conclude a universal treaty or agreement to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons leads to the most serious consequences, Deeply•conscious of the urgency of making early progress towards the goal of general and complete disarmament under effecting .international control and of reaching agreement on measures which would facilitate the attainment.of that goal, 65-1*1-563 DC/225 English Page 2 Bearing in mind the proposals made at its present session for measures to reduce international tension and halt and reverse the arms race, and also at the meeting, of the Organization of African Unity and the Second Conference of Heads of State or Government of TJon-Aligned Countries, Recalling the principle thai; a substantial part of the resources that will be released through disarmament should be devoted to the economic and social development of the developing countries, thus contributing to the evolution of a safer and better world, 1. Reaffirms the call of the General Assembly upon all States to become parties to the Treaty banning nuclear weapon tests in the atmosphere, in outer space and under water, ana to abide by its spirit and provisions; 2. Recommends that the Eighteen-Wation Disarmament Committee should: (a) reconvene as early as possible to resume as a matter of urgency its efforts to develop a treaty on general and complete disarmament under effective international control, and to consider all proposals for measures to relax international tension and halt and reverse the arms race, including those submitted to the Disarmament Commission, at its present session; (b) consider as a matter of priority the question of extending the scope of the partial test-ban treaty to cover underground tests; (c) also accord special priority to the consideration of the question of a treaty or convention to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons giving close attention to the various suggestions that agreement could be facilitated by adopting a programme of certain related measures: (d) keep in mind the principle of converting to programmes of economic and social development of the developing countries a substantial part of the resources gradually released by the reduction of military expenditures; Requests the Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee to report to the Disarmament Commission and to the General Assembly during its twentieth session on the progress made in respect of the above recommendations. V UNITED NATIONS Distr. GENERAL GENERAL A/5992* ASSEMBLY 2k September 1965 ORIGINAL* ENGLISH Twentieth session LETTER DATED 21 SEPTEMBER 1965 FROM THE CHAIRMAN OF THE. DISARMAMENT COMMISSION TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL I have the honour to refer to the recent session of the Disarmament Commission held at Headquarters, New York, between 21 April and l6 June The records of the meetings are contained in DC/PV.71 to 103 inclusive. I also have the honour to forward herewith the texts of resolution DC/22U adopted by the Disarmament Commission at its 98th meeting, on 11 June 19^5? and resolution DC/225 adopted at the 102nd meeting, on 15 June 1965. I would request that you be good enough to transmit these resolutions of the Disarmament Commission to the General Assembly and the Security Council. (Signed) M. EL-KONY Mohamed Awad El-Kony Chairman, Disarmament Commission * Also issued under the symbol 8/6707. 65-22628 UNITED NATIONS Distr. DISARMAMENT GENERAL DC/22 It COMMISSION 15 June 1965 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH RESOLUTION ADOPTED BY THE DISARMAMENT COMMISSION AT ITS 98TH MEETING OK 11 JUNE 19&5 The Disarmament Gommissionj Recognizing the paramount importance of disarmament as one of the basic problems of the contemporary world and that its solution should be sought in a world-wide framework,, Convinced that a world disarmament conference as proposed by the Second Conference of Non-Aligned Countries would provide powerful support to the efforts which are being made to set in motion the process of disarmament and for securing the further and steady development of this process, with a view to speeding up general and complete disarmament under effective international control and thus contributing to the relaxation of international tension, 1. Welcomes the proposal adopted at the Second Conference of Non-Aligned Countries in October 196^ for the convening of a world disarmament conference to which all countries would be invited; 2. Recommends that the Geaeral Assembly give urgent consideration to the above-mentioned proposal at 'its twentieth session. 65-1^506 UNITED NATIONS Distr. DISARMAMENT GENERAL DC/225 t COMMISSION 15 June 19o5 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH RESOLUTION ADOPTED BY THE DISARMAMENT COMMISSION AT ITS 102ND MEETING ON 15 JUNE 1965 The Disarmament Commission,, Having considered the report dated 17 September 196^ of the Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee submitted to the United Nations Disa.rmam.ent Commission and to the nineteenth session of the General Assembly, Reaffirming the ultimate and continuing responsibility of the United Nations for disarmament, Noting with regret that during 196^ despite the efforts made by the Eighteen- Nation Disarmament Committee no specific agreements were reached either on general and complete disarmament or on measures aimed at the lessening of international tension, or halting and reversing the arms race, Deploring that, notwithstanding General Assembly resolutions 1762 (XVTl) and 1910 (XVTII), nuclear weapon tests have taken place and also that no agreement has been reached on the "discontinuance of all test explosions of nuclear weapons for all time", which is one of the stated objectives of the partial test-ban treaty, Considering that the memorandum of ll+ September 19614- submitted to the Conference of the Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee by the delegations of Brazil, Burma, Ethiopia, India, Mexico, Nigeria, Sweden and the United Arab Republic, represents a fair and sound basis for the conduct of negotiations towards removing the remaining differences for the conclusion of a comprehensive test-ban treaty, Convinced that failure to conclude a universal treaty or agreement to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons leads to the most serious consequences, Deeply conscious of the urgency of making early progress towards the goal of general and complete disarmament under effective international control and of reaching agreement on measures which would facilitate the attainment of that goal, 65-1^565 DC/225 English Page 2 Bearing in mind the proposals made at its present session for measures to reduce international tension and halt and reverse the arms race, and also at the meeting of the Organization of African Unity and the Second Conference of Heads of State or Government of Won-Aligned Countries, Recalling the principle that a substantial part of the resources that will be released through disarmament should be devoted to the economic and social development of the developing countries, thus contributing to the evolution of a safer and better world, 1. Reaffirms the call of the General Assembly upon all States to become parties to the Treaty banning nuclear weapon tests in the atmosphere, in outer space and under water, and to abide by its spirit and provisions; 2. Recommends that the Eighteen-Hation Disarmament Committee should: (a) reconvene as early as possible to resume as a matter of urgency its efforts to develop a treaty on general and complete disarmament under effective international control, and to consider all proposals for measures to relax international tension and halt and reverse the arms race, including those submitted to the Disarmament Commission at its present session; (b) consider as a matter of priority the question of extending the scope of the partial test-ban treaty to cover underground tests; (c) also accord special priority to the consideration of the question of a treaty or convention to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons giving close attention to the various suggestions that agreement could be facilitated by adopting a programme of certain related measures; (d) keep in mind the principle of converting to programmes of economic and social development of the developing countries a substantial part of the resources gradually released by the reduction of military expenditures; Requests the Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee to report to the Disarmament Commission and to the General Assembly during its twentieth session on the progress made in respect of the above recommendations. ROUTING SLIP FICHE DE TRANSMISSION TO: A. U Thant, Secretary-General FOR ACTION POUR SUITE A DONNER FOR APPROVAL POUR APPROBATION FOR SIGNATURE POUR SIGNATURE PREPARE DRAFT PROJET A REDIGER FOR COMMENTS POUR OBSERVATIONS MAY WE CONFER? POURRIONS-NOUS EN PARLER? YOUR ATTENTION VOTRE ATTENTION AS DISCUSSED COMME CONVENU AS REQUESTED SUITE A VOTRE DEMANDE NOTE AND FILE NOTER ET CLASSER NOTE AND RETURN NOTER ET RETOURNER FOR INFORMATION X POUR INFORMATION Y Date: FROM: 27/10 DE: William Epstein CR. 13 (11-64) PERSONAL AMD COHFIDMTIAI. 2J October 1965 My dear Duncan, During the course of the last few days X have had an opportunity to discuss your ideas informally once again with some members of the delegations of Ethiopia, India, Ireland, Nigeria and Sweden. I find a distinct lack of enthusiasm amongst all of them not only as regards the substance of your suggestions but even with respect to the idea of an Assembly resolution calling upon the non-nuclear countries to engage in consultations and studies. I gather the impression that, as the debate on non-proliferation has proceeded in the First Committee, these delegations have been discussing the atatter with each other and they have become less and less attracted by your ideas. You mentioned before you left that you might return to lev York to pursue your discussions with some of the non-aligned delegations. In view of the above, I have very grave doubts as to whether you could make much headway with the delegations here in New York. In fact, I would imagine that if they refer the matter back to their Governments for instructions, the recommendations they might make as regards such instructions might be negative. Wiile I fear that the contents of this letter will not bring you much satisfaction, X felt I should send you this personal note so that you would have an up-to-date indication of the latest thinking of some of the delegations with whom you spoke about your ideas* Sincerely yours, William ^pstein The Right Honourable Duncan Sandys 86 Vincent Square London S.W. 1, England UN/TED NATIONS r kl C n A I Distr. G ENERAL ASSEMBLY Twentieth session Agenda item 105 RESOLUTION ADOPTED BY TEE GENERAL ASSEMBLY /on the report of the First Committee (A/6l27jj7 2053 (XX). Declaration on the denuclearization of Africa The General Assembly, Believing in the vital necessity of saving contemporary and future generations from the scourge of a nuclear war, Recalling its resolution 1652 (XVI) of 2k November 1961, which called upon all Member States to refrain from testing, storing or transporting nuclear weapons in Africa and to consider and respect the continent as a denuclearized zone, Recalling its resolution 2028 (XX) of 19 November 1965 on the non-proliferatior of nuclear weapons, Observing that proposals for the establishment of denuclearized zones in various other areas of the world have also met with general approval, Convinced that the denuclearization of various areas of the world would help to achieve the desired goal of prohibiting the use of nuclear weapons, Considering that the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the Organization of African Unity, at its first regular session, held at Cairo from 17 to 21 July 196^, issued a solemn declaration on the denuclearization of Africa in which the Heads of State and Government announced their readiness to undertake, in an international treaty to be concluded under the auspices of the United Nations, not to manufacture or acquire control of nuclear weapons, Noting that this declaration on the denuclearization of Africa was endorsed by the Heads of State or Government of Non-Aligned Countries in the Declaration issued on 10'October 196U,—' at the close of their Second Conference, held at Cairo I/ See A/5763. 65-31767 • /. A/RES/2033 (XX) Page 2 Recognising that the denuclearization of Africa would be a practical step towards the prevention of the further spread of nuclear weapons in the world and towards the achievement of general and complete disarmament and of the objectives of the United Hations, lm Beaffirms its call upon all States to respect the continent of Africa as a nuclear-free zone; 2- Endorses the declaration on the denuclearization of Africa issued by the Heads of State and Government of African 'countries; 2* Calls upon all States to respect and abide by the aforementioned declaration; ^' Calls upon all States to refrain from the use, or the threat of use, of nuclear weapons on the African continent; 5- Calls upon all States to refrain from testing, manufacturing, using or deploying nuclear weapons on the continent of Africa, and from acquiring such weapons or taking any action which would compel African States to take similar action; 6. Urges those States possessing nuclear weapons and capability not to transfer nuclear weapons, scientific data or technological assistance to the national control of any State, either directly or indirectly, in any form which may be used to assist such States in the manufacture or use of nuclear weapons in Africa; 7. Expresses the hope that the African States will initiate studies, as they deem appropriate, with a view to implementing the denuclearization of Africa, and take the necessary measures through the Organization of African Unity to achieve this end; 8. Urge£ the African States to keep the United Nations informed of any further developments in this regard; 9- Requests the Secretary-General to extend to the Organization of African Unity such facilities and assistance as may be requested in order to achieve the aims of the present resolution. 1388th plenary meeting, 3 December 1965. UNITED NATIONS Distr. GENERAL LIMITED A/RES/2032 (XX) ASSEMBLY 7 December 1965 Twentieth session Agenda item 30 RESOLUTION ADOPTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY the report of the First Committee (A/612UJ7 2032 (XX) . Urgent need for suspension of nuclear and ^therrco nuclear testa The General Assembly., • Having cons ider ed the question of the cessation of nuclear and thermonuclear weapon tests and the relevant sections of the reports of the Conference of the Eighteen -Ration Committee on Disarmament,—^ Recalling its resolution 1762 (XVII) of 6 November 1962 and 1910 ( XVIII ) of 27 November 19&3 on the cessation of all test explosions of nuclear weapons, Noting with regret that notwithstanding these resolutions nuclear weapon tests have taken place, Recalling the undertaking given by the original signatories to the Treaty banning nuclear weapon tests' in the atmosphere, in outer space and under water, signed at Moscow on 5 August 19^3, to continue negotiations for the discontinuance of all test explosions of nuclear weapons for all time, Recognizing the mounting concern of world opinion for the fulfilment of this undertaking, Mindful of the crucial importance of a comprehensive test ban to the issue of non-proliferation of nuclear weapons, I/ Official Records of the General Assembly, Nineteenth Session_vAnnexes, annex Ho. 9, document A/5731; and A/5986. 65-31T39 'A/RES/2032 (XX) Page 2 Noting with satisfaction the joint memorandum on a comprehensive test "ban treaty submitted by Brazil, Burma, Ethiopia, India, Mexico, Nigeria, Sweden and the United Arab Republic and annexed to the report of the Conference of the Eighteen-Nation Committee on Disarmament,—2.'1 Convinced that agreement in regard to taking this further step towards nuclear disarmament would be facilitated., inter alia, by the important improvements made in . detection and identification techniques, I- Urges that all nuclear weapon tests be suspended; 2' PJL-L~£J^£°J1 a-L-'- countries to respect the spirit and provisions of the Treaty on banning nuclear weapon tests in the atmosphere, in outer space and under water; 3- Requests the Conference of the Eighteen-Nation Committee on Disarmament to continue with a sense of urgency its work on a comprehensive test ban treaty and on arrangements to ban effectively all nuclear weapon tests in all environments, taking into account the improved possibilities for international co-operation in the field of seismic detection, and to report to the General Assembly. 1388th plenary meeting, 3 December 2j A/5986, annex I.