Title Items-In-Disarmament - Concept of Nuclear Umbrella - General

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Title items-in-Disarmament - concept of Nuclear Umbrella - general

Date Created 15/06/1964

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Container s-0880-0002: Disarmament Matters Files of the Secretary-General: U Thant

Print Name of Person Submit Image Signature of Person Submit 15 June 1964

THE CONCEPT OF "NUCLEAR UMBRELLA."

1. The term "nuclear -umbrella" has been used, in disarmament negotiations to designate a USSR concept of nuclear disarmament by which the US and the USSR would retain on their own territories until the end of the third stage of General and Complete Disarmament (GCD) a "limited" number of missiles - intercontinental, anti-missile and anti-aircraft of the ground-to-air type. This constitutes an exception to the original USSR concept of total elimination in the first stage of GCD of all nuclear delivery vehicles, which was proposed to the Conference of the Eighteen-Nation Committee on Disarmament in the USSR draft treaty of 19 March 1962.

2. The term began to be in general use at the l8th session of the General Assembly after Mr. Andrey Gromyko presented the second revised USSR nuclear disarmament plan on 19 September 19&3; which would allow the controlled retention of the nuclear weapons referred to above until the third stage or "until the completion of the whole process" of GCD, rather than only until the second stage, as previously proposed in the first USSR revised nuclear disarmament plan of 21 September 1962. It was in 'the course of the presenta- tion of the first revised Soviet plan that Mr. Gromyko used the phrase "some sort of protective umbrella", in characterizing the Western position to retain some nuclear deterrent in the process of GCB (GA/PV.1127, p.38).

J. The Soviet Union has used the term "nuclear umbrella" rather than "nuclear deterrent" which is generally favoured in the West, for, in the view of the Soviet Union, the concept of nuclear deterrent is incompatible with the concept of disarmament. Nevertheless, the West has welcomed the Soviet reference to the concept of nuclear umbrella, seeing in it a "step towards realism11. 4. At present there exist divergent views on the manner in which the USSR proposal is to be discussed. The Western position on the nuclear umbrella has been that unless the Soviet Union could specify in more detailed terms as to the number and the specifications of all the system of nuclear delivery vehicles referred to in the Soviet plan, it would not be possible for the Western powers to give their definite views. The Soviet Union, for its part, has held the position that the basic issue involved is that of an agreement - 2 -

in principle. Once the Western powers agreed to the principle enunciated in the plan, the USSR would be willing to discuss any further details on the question of number and specifications. The issue of nuclear umbrella is emerging as the most important in the discussion of the phasing of disarmament measures. However, the whole question of GCD is not now in the forefront of discussion,

5. As to numbers of missiles to be retained, the Soviet plan states that the number should be "minimal" so as to prevent any power from committing an act of aggression. The Western powers seem to assume,-however, that the USSR is interested not only in limiting the number of missiles, but also in establishing parity between the two sides. The United States, on the other hand, has proposed a proportionate reduction (30$ in the first stage) of nuclear delivery vehicles as well as all other armaments, with the view to maintaining the relative military positions as disarmament proceeds. EUROPEAN OFFICE OFFICE EUROPEAN OF THE UNITED NATIONS DES NATIONS UNIES

MEMORANDUM

A: His Excellency To: U Thant The Secretary-General

De: D. From : Special Representative of the Secretary- General to the 18-Nation Committee on Disarmament

Ref: Geneve, 22. Jun,e...l9M...

Objet : Subject: Report on the progress of the work of the 18-Mation Committee on Disarmament

I forward herewith for your information "Assessment of the opening phase of the seventh session of the Conference" (9-18 June 1964). SEC/CONFIDENTIAL 22 June 1964

CONFERENCE OF THE EIGHTEEN-NATION COMMITTEE ON DISARMAMENT Assessment of the Opening Phase of the Seventh Session of the Conference (9 to 18 June 1964)

1. General During the first two weeks of the resumed session, which were devoted to a general debate, the discussion took place in a good atmosphere, among signs that the parties will not relax their efforts to make further, even if limited, progress* This was stressed, notably, by the two co-chairmen in their opening speeches* President Johnson*s instructions to the US delegation, Mr* Foster said, were to make every effort to find a basis for early agreement on safeguarded alternatives to the arms race* Similarly, Mr* Zorin referred to the firm instructions of the Soviet Government to do everything possible to bring the negotiations to a successful conclusion and added that the possibility of finding a solution to the problem of disarmament "is more favourable today than ever before". In his second statement, Mr* Zorin also remarked that "the world of today is already somewhat better than that of yesterday"• Concerning the role of the ENDC in disarmament negotiations, although Mr* Zorin regretted that the ENDC talks had not led to any concrete results, he admitted that the debates had proved "to be useful to some extent"• As not long ago there was rather"strong criticism of the ENDC"by the Soviet Union, the change of tone did not pass unnoticed* Mr* Foster stressed that the work of the ENDC "continuously contributes to steps taken by governments in pursuance of peace"* All East European delegations acknowledged that the debate within the Committee had contributed in some measure to the conclusion of the agreements reached since 1963* Many representatives insisted on the need for improving the Committee's methods of work* For the first time in over a year the Committee adopted procedures for the organization of its work* As regards general disarmament, the Committee decided to devote the next several Tuesday meetings to a resumed discussion of the elimination of nuclear delivery vehicles and to conventional disarmament* On 18 June the Committee adopted the recommendation of the co-chairmen for a work schedule for collateral measures, including specific measures for discussion for the ensuing five weeks* 2* General and Complete Disarmament The USSR again stated that it considered general disarmament as the main task for the ENDC and called for a positive Western contribution to the negotiations* The USSR would be prepared "to take yet another step forward to meet the Western Powers" and participate "immediately" in an appropriate working 'body which would proceed to a "detailed consideration of concrete questions" relating to the elimination of the means of delivery of nuclear weapons, provided the Committee accepted in principle, as proposed by India before the recess, the Soviet proposal for a nuclear umbrella as the basis for solving the problem* To this, the Western countries replied that, while they agreed to the establishment of a technical working group, all proposals relevant to the problem of elimination should be open for discussion in the group and not just that of one side* The US restated its previous position that it could not accept the Gromyfco proposal for a nuclear umbrella "either in principle or as the basis for negotiations"* As a consequence, while both sides now declared themselves ready to move on to a detailed discussion of the central problem of disarmament in a proper working body (a fact which in itself is not without interest), each side in practice excluded from discussion the method of elimination of nuclear delivery vehicles envisaged by the other side, because of the fear that the other side might otherwise secure a strategic advantage* However, Mr* Zoriu said, the task of the Committee was not to dwell upon the existing great differences of approach, but to search for a solution* For the first time, a Soviet representative, in referring to the idea of a "nuclear umbrella", noted that others referred to it as the "minimum deterrent"* Hr. 2orin also stated, "The Soviet Government thinks that there are possibilities for the softening and then the removal of differences, for bringing the position closer and finding mutually acceptable solutions"* 3» Collateral Measures There were no new proposals on collateral measures and no changes of position on underground tests* Mr* Foster said that the US would - 3 -

elaborate further at the current session on the cut-off of production of fissile material as veil as on the other proposals contained in President Johnson*,s message of 21 January (ENDC/120). What he stressed was flexibility of approach on collateral measures* He also said that the US would like to discuss verification in greater detail) particularly in connexion with collateral measures, but he made clear that inspection should be strictly limited to those objects which must necessarily be placed under scrutiny to provide assurance of compliance* Mr* 'Zorin stated that the USSR would participate most actively and in a business-like manner in the formulation and negotiation of collateral measures* Although the Committee's main task was general disarmament, an agreement on partial measures could be of "unquestionably substantial importance"* He again submitted the measures"contained in the Memorandum of the Soviet Government of 28 January 1964 (ENDC/123). However, on destruction of bombers he stressed that the USSR would take into account the opinions advanced by other delegations and adopt a flexible position* Mr* Foster indicated to the Press that the US might also be prepared to take another step in the direction of the Soviet position on the destruction of bombers* 4* Conclusion While little in the way of substantial progress on general and complete disarmament is expected during the current session,, the statements that have been made in this initial stage of the session, especially by the USSR, are considered to be significant for the future development of the discussions* The hint of some softening of the Soviet position regarding technical working groups may have interesting possibilities, as may the recent rewevaluation of the usefulness and role of the ENDC. In the field of collateral measures, the Committee's opening debate showed possibilities of progress in the next few months* "Here in the ENDC," Mr* '2orin said, "measures to slow down the arms race" and relax'international tension, acceptable to all countries concerned, can be worked out." The two sides have not yet had an opportunity - 4 -

to demonstrate in practice how flexible their positions are, and it is too early to attempt to forecast what, if any, measures may be the subject of agreement* Nevertheless, it is generally felt that the necessary conditions appear to exist for some additional partial steps before the next session of the General Assembly* UN/TED NATIONS Distr. GENERAL GENERAL A/5779 9 November ASSEMBLY ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH/RUSSIAN

Nineteenth session

LETTER DATED 6 NOVEMBER 196U FROM THE PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA TO THE UNITED NATIONS ADDRESSED TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL

We have the honour to submit documents relating to the Second Memorandum of Understanding to implement the Bilateral Space Agreement of 8 June 1962, for "which circulation as a United Nations document was requested on 5 December 1962.—' The Memorandum resulted from a series of meetings "between Dr * Hugh Dryden of the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration and Academican A.A.. Blagonravov of the Academy of Sciences of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. We request that these documents be circulated to all United Nations Members as an official United Nations document.

(Signed) Francis T.P. PLIMPTON (Signed) N. FEEORENKO Deputy Permanent Representative of Permanent Representative of the the United States of America to Union of Soviet Socialist Republics the United Nations to the United Nations

I/ Official Records of the General Assembly, Seventeenth Session, Annexes, agenda item 27, document SECOND MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING TO IMPLEMENT THE BILATERAL SPACE AGREEMENT OP JUNE 8, 1962 BETWEEN THE ACADEMY OP SCIENCES OP THE USSR AND THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION OF THE US

I - PREAMBLE

The purpose of the present Memorandum of Understanding is to advance the implementation of the sections of the bilateral space agreement of June 8, 1962 dealing with a coordinated meteorological satellite program and a world magnetic survey using satellites, II - COORDINATED METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE PROGRAM This section of the Second Memorandum of Understanding to Implement the Bilateral Space Agreement of June 8, 1962 supplements Section II of the First Memorandum dated March 20 and May 24, 1963, and replaces the Appendix attached to that Memorandum. A. EXCHANGE OF CONVENTIONAL METEOROLOGICAL DATA 1. Conventional data of equivalent type will be exchanged over the communications link between the World Meteorological Centers in Moscow and in Washington, provisions for the establishment of nfhich have been determined by a separate protocol in accordance with transmission schedules to be agreed by exchange of correspondence between the Chief, U. S. Weather Bureau, and the Chief of the Hydrometeorological Service of the USSR. 2. The following order of priority shall apply to the transmission of conventional meteorological data: (a) Collectives of upper-air data. Transmissions should be completed ivlthin four hours of observation time. (b) Collectives of surface synoptic weather reports. Data available in Washington, within three hours of observation time, for the area of North and Central America and the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans, will be transmitted to Moscow. MORE Data available in Moscow, within three hours of observation time, for the areas of Eastern Europe, the USSR, South Asia and the Southern Pacific (WMO Regional Association V), will be transmitted to Washington. (c) In addition, the following charts will be transmitted by facsimile on a time available basis: (i) Forecast contour charts for 1,000, 500, 300 and 200 millibars, for periods up to 72 hours., if available. (11) Vertical motion forecast for a level between 850 and 500 mb, or for the levels 850, 700 arid 500 mb. (ill) 500 mb. vorticity chart. (iv) Sea level isobaric five-day forecast. (v) Thirty-day temperature and precipitation forecast for the continent of the transmitting country. (vi) Special charts for aviation such as tropopause chart and significant weather distribution chart.

3. When practicable, charts exchanged will cover the area of the Northern Hemisphere, Polar stereographic projections will be used for all chart exchanges. Analysis and prognostic charts having a scale of 1:30 million or 1:40 million will be used, Special charts exchanged on request would be on scales most convenient for the transmitting country. 4. When satellite data become available, they will have first priority as provided in the First Memorandum of Under- standing. Priorities for conventional data will follow , thereafter in the order prescribed above. It is recognized that,, due to the experimental nature of satellite programs, there may be periods when satellite data will not be available at Moscow or Washington and satellite data exchange will be temporarily discontinued. 5e Status of the exchange will be reviewed formally early in 1965, and at six-month intervals thereafter, to ascertain whether the purpose of satellite data exchange has been achieved and to evaluate the usefulness of continued direct exchangee If satellite data do not become mutually available within a reasonable time, the exchange of data over this special link will be discontinued. MOKE Ill - MAGNETIC FIELD SURVEY THROUGH THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES A. EXCHANGE OF DATA 1. It is agreed that the exchange of magnetic observatory data between the Academy of Sciences of the USSR and NASA of the USA, provided for and described in IV, paragraph 6, of the First Memorandum of Understanding (Geneva, 1963) is to be conducted in the volume of data for the years 1964 and 1965, and will be carried out through World Data Centers A and B, located, respectively, in Washington and in Moscow. 2. It is agreed that magnetograms and monthly tables of the following Observatories USSR US Yakutsk Sitka Sverdlovsk College Irkutsk Frederlcksburg Odessa Tucson Tashkent San Juan Guam for the years 1960-1963 will be transmitted to World Data Centers A and B before the end of 1964* 3. It is agreed that the exchange of magnetic survey data taken without the utilization of satellites, provided for in IV, paragraph 8, of the First Memorandum of Understanding (Geneva, 19&3) will be conducted through World Data Centers A and B, located, respectively, in Washington and in Moscow.

B, MAGNETIC MAPPING It is agreed to review the possibility of utilizing satellite measurement results for the composition of a magnetic map for days of slight disturbance and to exchange review results with the other side.

FOR NASA: FOR THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR;

Hugh L. Dryden A, Blagonravov

New York, New York November 5, 1964 PROTOCOL

FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A SPECIAL DIRECT COMMUNICATIONS LINK BETWEEN THE WORLD METEOROLOGICAL CENTERS IN MOSCOW AND WASHINGTON IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE BILATERAL AGREEMENT ON OUTER SPACE DATED JUNE 8, 1962 BETWEEN THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR AND THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION OF THE USA. 1. This Protocol has been prepared to implement the Bilateral Agreement inOuter Space, dated June 8, 1962, between the Academy of Sciences of the USSR and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration in the USA, as well as the First Memorandum of Understanding dated March 20 and May 24, 1963. 2. In anticipation of the availability of meteorological satellite data for exchange by early 1965, it is agreed to establish, in the third quarter of 1964, a duplex twenty-four hour communications link between Moscow and Washington, for transmission of meteorological information. Assuming there are no technical difficulties of any kind, it is agreed that each side will use its own terminal equipment and apparatus and that the telegraph signals will be sent in accordance with International Telegraph Code 2, The communications link and the terminal, equipment and apparatus will conform to CCITT standards, and will be operated according to an agreed schedule of transmission of photo, facsimile, and telegraph signals. 3o It was agreed that the link would be routed via the following points — Moscow-Warsaw-Berlin-Frankfurt-London- Washington,, 4. The principle of equal sharing of costs will be achieved through a method of settlement whereby the sides will pay full costs of the communications link between Washington and Moscow for periods of one month. The American side will pay for the first month after establishment of the link after which the responsibility for payment of costs will be assumed by the parties alternately for each one month period. 5« After the link has been determined to be operating satisfactorily, the parties, in a manner to be determined by corresp ondenee,, will invite to a meeting the WMO, weather services operating in the territories through which the communications link passes, and any other weather services interested in acquiring access to the communication link on a receive-only basis. Each such weather service will make a proportional contribution to the total expenses of the communications link. MORE -2- 6. This special Protocol may be terminated by either party on 60 days notice.

FOR NASA: FOR THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR:

/s/ Hugh Lo Dryden /s/ Ae Blagonravov Hugh L. Dryden A.Blagonravov

/s/ John 17. Tovmsend /s/ A. Badalov John 17. Towns end A. Badalov

Geneva, Switzerland June 6, 1964 UN/TED NATIONS Distr. GENERAL GENERAL A/5730 ASSEMBLY 10 November 1964 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

Nineteenth session

CONVERSION TO PEACEFUL NEEDS OF THE RESOURCES RELEASED BY DISARMAMENT* "by the Secretary-general

1, In resolution 1931 (XVIII) of 11 December 1963, the General Assembly requested the Economic and Social Council to consider all pertinent aspects of the question of the conversion of the resources released by disarmament to peaceful uses, including the possibility of establishing an gdjiocr group for the purpose of accelerating activities in this field of study. It also endorsed the intentions and plans of the Secretary-General set forth in his work programme and requested him to present a further report on this matter at the nineteenth session. 2. The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development adopted the ""recommendation entitled "Elaboration of trsde aspects of the economic programme of disarmament" (annex A.VI.10 to the Final Act) in which it deemed it necessary that due attention be paid to the trade aspects of this programme. 3» On 11 August 1964, the Economic and Social Council adopted resolution 1026 (XXXVIl), in which it, inter^alia, expressed its appreciation to the Secretary-General for his report on this matter and to Governments for furnishing the Information requested of them, stated that the activities of the United Nations family should be continued and accelerated as much as possible, welcomed the arrangements that had been recently made to co-ordinate these activities and recognized that at a later time the establishment of the new ad^ hoc group referred to in General Assembly resolution 1931 (XVIII) might be advantageous. The text of the Secretary-General's report has been issued as document E/3398/Rev.l.

* Item 33 of the provisional agenda. 64-21010 A/5730 English Page 2

An account of the discussion in the Council vill be found in chapter II of the Council's animal report.—'

I/ Official Records of the General Assembly> Nineteenth Session^ Supplement^ No. 3 (A/5603). UN/TED NATIONS Distr. GENERAL GENERAL A/ 5824 3 December 1964 ASSEMBLY ENGLISH ORIGINAL: SPANISH

Nineteenth session

LETTER DATED 2 DECEMBER 1964 FROM THE DEPUTY PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVE OF MEXICO TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL.

As you are aware, the General Assembly at its last regular session adopted resolution 1911 (XVIIl). In that resolution it noted with satisfaction the initiative for the denuclearization of Latin America taken in the joint declaration of 29 April 1963, which was circulated to Member States,—' and in paragraph 2 it expressed the hope that the States of Latin America would initiate studies, as they deemed appropriate, and by the means and through the channels which they deemed suitable, concerning the measures that should be agreed upon with a view to achieving the aims of the said declaration. A Preliminary Meeting on the Denuclearization of Latin America was held in the Mexican capital from 2J to 27 November 1964. That Meeting adopted a resolution concerning the transmission of its Final Act to the United Nations. I take pleasure in submitting to you the Final Act in question, together with a covering letter signed by the Chairman of the above-mentioned Preliminary Meeting, so that it may be circulated to Member States as a document cf the current General Assembly. (Signed) Francisco CUEYAS CANCINO Deputy Permanent Representative of Mexico to the United Nations Charge d'Affaires, a-i..

I/ Official Records of the General Assembly, Nineteenth Session, Annexes., agenda item 74, document A/5415/Rev.1. 64-26729 A- A/5824 English Page 2

PRELIMINARY MEETING ON THE DENUCLEARIZATION OF LATIN AMERICA

Mexico City, 27 November 1964

Sir, The Preliminary Meeting on the Denuclearization of Latin America, at its closing meeting held today, adopted a resolution entitled "Transmission of the Final Act to the United Nations", in which it resolved: "To ask the Chairman of the Meeting to transmit the text of this Final Act to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, with the request that it should "be circulated as a General Assembly document for the information of the Members of the United Nations, in connexion with paragraph 2 of resolution 1911 (XVIIl)." In accordance with the above-mentioned resolution, I have the honour to transmit to you five copies of the Final Act in question. Accept, Sir, the assurances of my highest consideration.

(Signed) Alfonso GARCIA ROBLES Ambassador Chairman of the Preliminary Meeting on the Denuclearization of Latin America Five enclosures

U Thant Secretary-General of the United Nations New York English 3

PRELIMINARY MEETING ON THE DENUCLEARIZATION OF LATIN AMERICA Distr. GENERAL

REUPRAL/6 27 November 196^

FINAL ACT OF THE PRELIMINARY MEETING ON THE DENUCLEARIZATION OF LATIN AMERICA

held at Mexico City i'rom 23 to 27 November

FINAL ACT

The Preliminary Meeting on the Denuclearization of Latin America was held at Mexico City from 23 to 27 November 1964, in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 2 of resolution 1911 (XVIIl) of the United Nations General Assembly and in response to the invitation extended "by the Government of Mexico. The seventeen Latin American Republics which, together with the membership of their respective delegations, are listed below, and which all voted in favour of the above-mentioned resolution at the eighteenth session of the General Assembly, were represented at the Meeting as follows:

Argentina Representative: Ambassador Silvano Santander. Alternate representative: Mr. Fidel Gonzalez Paz. Bolivia Representative: Ambassador Roberto Querejazu Calvo. Brazil Representative: Ambassador Jose' Sette Camara. Alternate representative: Mr. Octavio Luiz de Berenguer Cesar. Advisor: Mr. Marcos Castrioto de Azambuja. Chile Representative: Ambassador Alberto Sepialveda Contreras. Alternate representative: Mr. Aurelio Fernandez Garcia-Huidobro. Colombia Representative: Mr. Carlos Escallon Villa. Costa Rica Representative: Ambassador Fernanda Earrenechea .C. A/532J+ English Page h

Dominican Republic Representative: Ambassador Jose Antonio Fernandez Caminero. Ecuador Representative: Ambassador Leopoldo Benites Vinueza. El Salvador Representative: Ambassador Rafael Eguizabal Tobias. Haiti Representative: Ambassador Julio Jean Pierre-Audain. Honduras Representative: Ambassador Federico Poujol. Alternate representative: Mrs. Clotilde Aguilar de Colmant. Alternate representative: Mr. Manuel Camero. Mexico Representative: Ambassador Alfonso Garcia Robles. Alternate representative: Ambassador Ismael Moreno Pino. Advisor: Mr. Jesils Cabrera Munoz-Ledo. Advisor: Mr. Angel Lopez Padilla. Advisor: Dr. Carlos Graef Fernandez. Nicaragua Representative: Ambassador Alejandro Arguello Montiel. Panama Representative: Mr. Jose" B. Calvo. Paraguay Representative: Ambassador J. Natalicio Gonzalez. Alternate representative: Mr. Alberto Preda Llamosas. Peru Representative; Ambassador Alvaro Rey de Castro. Uruguay Observer: Mr. Anibal Abadie-Aicardi.

The Meeting1s deliberations were conducted in accordance with the rules of procedure of the United Nations General Assembly. The MeetingTs agenda consisted of the two following items: 1. Measures that should be agreed upon with a view to achieving the purposes of the denuclearization of latin America as set 'forth in the Declaration of 29 April 19^5 and reiterated In resolution 1911 (XVIII) of the United Nations General Assembly. 2. Preliminary examination of the principal considerations involved in the conclusion of a contractual instrument on the denuclearization of Latin America. A/5321). English Page 5

At the opening meeting., the following officers -were appointed "by acclamation: Chairman: Ambassador Alfonso Garcia Robles, Representative of Mexico. Vice-Chairmen: Ambassador Jose* Sette Camara, Representative of Brazil. Ambassador Rafael Eguiza"bal Tobias, Representative of El Salvador.

Ambassador Carlos Peon del Valle served as General Secretary of the Meeting, to which office he had been appointed earlier by the Government of Mexico. Mr.. Donaciano Gonzalez served as Deputy Secretary and Mr. Antonio Gonzalez de Leon, Mr. Sergio Gonzalez G^lvez and Mr. Jose' Luis Vallarta as Assistant Secretaries. As a result of its discussions, the Preliminary Meeting unanimously adopted the following resolutions:

I Reaffirmation of the proposed denuclearization of Latin America

The Preliminary Meeting on the Denuclearization of Latin America, Considering That the growing spread of nuclear weapons tends to increase international tension and the risk of world war, That for the purposes of the Meeting "denuclearization" shall mean the absence of nuclear weapons and nuclear launching devices, That the peaceful use of nuclear energy is very important for economic and scientific development, Decides 1. To reaffirm the aims set forth in the joint Declaration of 29 April 1963 and ratified in resolution 1911 (XVIIl) of the United Nations General Assembly on the denuclearization of Latin America; 2. To stress the advisability of promoting international co-operation for the peaceful use of nuclear energy, especially for the benefit of the developing countries. A/53214. English Page 6

Establishment of a Preparatory Commission for the Denuclearization of Latin America

The Preliminary Meeting on the Denuclearization of Latin America Decides 1. To establish a Preparatory Commission for the Denuclearization of Latin America, which shall have its headquarters in Mexico and be composed of the seventeen Latin American Republics which have participated in the Meeting and those which subsequently accede to this resolution. The Commission shall elect its Chairman and the other officers which it deems appropriate} and shall adopt its own rules of procedure; 2. To instruct the Preparatory Commission to prepare a preliminary draft of a multilateral treaty for the denuclearization of Latin America and, to this end, to undertake the preparatory studies and measures which it considers appropriate. The Commission shall constitute from its membership the working groups which it deems necessary and which shall perform their functions either at the headquarters of the Commission or elsewhere, as appropriate, and a. committee to co-ordinate their work, to be called the "Co-ordinating Committee". At the beginning of its work, the Commission shall consider the ideas expressed during the discussions at the Preliminary Meeting and reported in its records. In fulfilling its mandate, the Commission shall act in the light of the principles of the Charter of the United Nations and of regional agreements; 3« To recommend that the Preparatory Commission should give priority in its work to the following matters: (a) the definition of the geographical boundaries of the area to which the treaty should apply; (b) the methods of verification, inspection and control that should be adopted to ensure the faithful fulfilment of the obligations contracted under the treaty; A/ 5824 English Page 7

('c) action designed to secure the collaboration in the Commission*s work of the Latin American Republics that were not represented at the Preliminary Meeting; (d) action designed to ensure that the extra-continental or continental States which, in addition to the Latin American Republics, exercise de .jure or de facto international responsibility for territories situated within the boundaries of the geographical area to which the treaty applies, agree to contract the same obligations with regard to those territories as the above-mentioned Republics contract with regard to their ownj (e) action designed to obtain from the nuclear Powers a commitment to the effect that they will strictly respect the legal instrument on the denuclearization of Latin America as regards all its aspects and consequencesj 4. To fix Monday, 15 March 1965, as the date of the first meeting of the Preparatory Commission in Mexico Cityj 5. To request the Governments of the seventeen Latin American Republics which have participated in the Preliminary Meeting to designate their respective representatives to the Preparatory Commission sufficiently in advance of the date specified in the preceding paragraph; 6. To request the Government of Mexico to appoint the General Secretary of the Preparatory Commission and to provide suitable premises and the necessary staff for the secretariat of the Commission.

Ill Tribute to President Adolfo Lopez Mateos

The Preliminary Meeting on the Denuclearization of Latin America, Considering That His Excellency don Adolfo Lopez Mateos, President of the United Mexican States, in carrying out an international policy of peace aimed at the fulfilment of the highest human ideals, has been a dynamic and enthusiastic champion of the proposals for the denuclearization of Latin America, That the personal initiative displayed in his letter of 21 March 19°"3 led to the joint Declaration of 29 April of that year, which is one of the basic documents setting forth the ideal of freeing Latin America from the scourge of nuclear war, English Page 8

That, through his Government's efforts, this Preliminary Meeting on the Denuclearization of Latin America has "been held in an atmosphere of cordiality, freedom and true Americanism, Decides to place on record its tribute to the eminent American citizen, His Excellency don Adolfo Lopez Mateos, President of the United Mexican States.

IV Vote of thanks

The Preliminary Meeting on the Denuclearization of Latin America, Considering The exceptional efficiency and flawless organization with which the relevant services of the Mexican Government have ensured the progress of its work and the full achievement of its objectives, Decides to address a vote of thanks to the said Government, with a special word of praise for Ambassadors Alfonso Garcia Robles and Carlos Pedn del Valle and their colleagues for their invaluable services.

Transmission of the Final Act to the International Atomic Energy Agency and the Inter-American Nuclear Energy Commission

The Preliminary Meeting on the Denuclearization of Latin America Decides to request the General Secretary of the Meeting to transmit the text of this Final Act to the Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency and to the Executive Secretary of the Inter-American Huclear Energy Commission, in connexion with resolution I, paragraph 2.

VI Transmission of the Final Act to the United Mations

The Preliminary Meeting on the Denuclearization of Latin America Decides to ask the Chairman of the Meeting to transmit to the Secretary- General of the United Nations the text of this Final Act, with the request that he English

sliculi have it distributed as a General Assembly document for the information of Members of the United Nations in connexion with resolution 1911 (XVTIl), paragraph 2. •

* *

This Final Act was unanimously adopted "by the Preliminary Meeting on the Denuclearization of Latin America at its closing meeting on Friday, 27 November the first anniversary of the adoption of resolution 1911 (XVIIl).