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Latin American Security: Canadian and International Perspectives Edited by Monique Greenwood Santos and Stephen J CENTRE FOR MILITARY AND STRATEGIC STUDIES Calgary Papers in Military and Strategic Studies Occasional Paper Number 9, 2013 Latin American Security: Canadian and International Perspectives edited by Monique Greenwood Santos and Stephen J. Randall CENTRE FOR MILITARY AND STRATEGIC STUDIES The Centre for Military and Strategic Studies at the University of Calgary promotes excellence in military and strategic studies. Its members work in areas including military history, Canadian defence policy, and international strategic and security issues. Calgary Papers in Military and Strategic Studies presents their research to the public. ABSTRACT: The papers and presentations in this volume were part of an international conference on Latin American and Caribbean basin security issues hosted by the Latin American Research Centre at the University of Calgary in May, 2013. Focusing on Canadian security policies in the region, the conference went beyond traditional notions of security and focused on a range of human security issues: the impact of insecurity on violence against women, the role of illegal armed groups, organized crime, guerrilla insurgencies, youth gangs, and the impact which armed conflict has on the physical environment. The findings of this conference suggest that, with increased private sector investment in the region combined, growing trade ties have implications for the image of Canada in the region and neces- sitate a close and effective working relationship between government and the private sector to ensure that international standards pertaining to the environment and human rights are observed. CENTRE FOR MILITARY AND STRATEGIC STUDIES CENTRE FOR MILITARY AND STRATEGIC STUDIES MacKimmie Library Tower 701 University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Tel. 403.220.4038 / Fax 403.282.0594 www.cmss.ucalgary.ca / [email protected] Calgary Papers in Military and Strategic Studies ISSN 1911-7981 (print) ISSN 1911-799X (online) Editor DR. JOhN FERRIS Managing Editor: Nancy Pearson Mackie Cover: Chilean Navy AS332 Super Puma helicopter. IStock. Latin American Security: Canadian and International Perspectives Occasional Paper Number 9, 2013 ISBN 978-1-55238-767-2 (print) ISBN 978-1-55238-768-9 (online) Centre for Military and Strategic Studies MacKimmie Library Tower 701 University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Tel: 403.220.4030 / Fax: 403.282.0594 www.cmss.ucalgary.ca / [email protected] Copyright © Centre for Military and Strategic Studies, 2013 Permission policies are outlined on our website: http://cmss.ucalgary.ca/publications/calgarypapers Calgary Papers Volume 1 (2007): Canada in Kandahar Volume 2 (2007): Canadian Defence Policy Volume 1 (2008): Strategic Studies Volume 2 (2008): Military Studies and History Volume 3 (2008): Civil Military Coordination: Challenges and Opportunities in Afghanistan Occasional Papers Number 1 (2008) Lock Stock and Icebergs? Defining Canadian Sovereignty from Mackenzie King to Stephen Harper Adam Lajeunesse Number 2 (2008) Equipment Procurement in Canada and the Civil Military Relationship: Past and Present Dr. Aaron Plamondon Number 3 (2009) Censorship, the Canadian News Media and Afghanistan: A Historical Comparison with Case Studies Dr. Robert Bergen Number 4 (2011) Canadian Arctic Sovereignty and Security: Historical Perspectives edited by P. Whitney Lackenbauer Number 5 (2012) Inuit Art and the Quest for Canada’s Arctic Sovereignty Patrick Lennox Number 6 (2012) New Perspectives on Canada in the Second World War edited by Christine E. Leppard & Abraham M. Roof Number 7 (2013) America’s Pivot to the Pacific: Selective Primacy, Operational Access, and China’s A2/AD Challenge David S. McDonough Number 8 (2013) Islamic Inspired Home-Grown Terrorism: What We Know and What it Means Moving Forward Michael Zekulin Latin American Research Centre and the Centre for Military and Strategic Studies Calgary Papers in Military and Strategic Studies Occasional Paper Number #9, 2013 Latin American Security: Canadian and International Perspectives Edited by Monique Greenwood Santos and Stephen J. Randall Contents Preface............................................................................................................. v Introduction stephen.j..randall......................................................................................... 1 I: CAnAdian Policy PerspeCtIveS A: diplomatic and Military engagement Building.Security,.Peace,.and.Prosperity.in.Colombia:.. The.Role.of.Canada. ambassador.tim.martin...............................................................................13 The.Canadian.Military.and.Latin.American.Security.Challenges.. major-general.d..michael.day................................................................... 23 B: Canadian Private Sector engagement Introduction. stephen.j..randall....................................................................................... 27 Challenges.of.Security.Management. john.noyes......................................................................................................31 Petrominerales:.Security.Management.Programs.in.Colombia. gary.finley.................................................................................................... 35 II: regIonal SeCurIty, History, And trendS Those.Elusive.Common.Interests.and.Objectives:.. The.Evolution.of.the.Inter-American.Security.System. hal.klepak..................................................................................................... 43 Challenges.of.Collective.Action.in.the.Hemisphere. frank.o..mora................................................................................................67 The.Persistent.Multidimensional.Security.Dilemma.in.the.. Caribbean.and.Requirements.for.Emergence:.Trapped.Between. Dependence.and.Development.-.A.Strategic.Deficiency. brigadier-general.anthony.wj.phillips-spencer................................... 71 Multidimensional.Security.Perspective. ambassador.adam.blackwell.....................................................................81 The.Future.of.Inter-American.Relations.. peter.hakim................................................................................................... 89 iii III: CIvil-MilitAry relatIonS And SeCurIty Policy Challenges.to.Institutionalizing.Civil-Military.Relations.in.. the.New.Democracies.of.Latin.America. thomas.c..bruneau....................................................................................... 99 Militarization.of.Public.Security.in.Latin.America:.. Where.Are.the.Police?. lucía.dammert.............................................................................................115 The.Armed.Forces:.An.Analysis.of.the.Role.of.the.Forces.in.. the.Distinction.Between.“Defence”.and.“Security”. hector.luis.saint-pierre............................................................................133 translated.from.portuguese.by.monique.greenwood.santos Multidimensional.Security,.“Ungoverned.Areas”.and.. Non-State.Actors. bernardo.pérez.salazar............................................................................147 Iv: InSurgencieS And orgAnIzed Crime The.Background.and.Current.Negotiations.with.FARC. alfonso.lópez.caballero...........................................................................169 Corruptive.Destabilizing.Influences.of.Powerful.Organized.. Crime.Groups.on.Weak.Security.Institutions.in.Latin.America:.. An.Intelligence.Perspective.on.Mexico.and.Colombia. greg.purdy....................................................................................................173 Organized.Crime,.Institutions,.and.Security.in.Central.America. josé.miguel.cruz..........................................................................................187 (In)Security.in.Latin.America:.Three.Policy.Options. pablo.policzer.and.elizabeth.pando-burciaga.................................... 207 v: Mexico: Human And NatIonal SeCurIty The.Anti-Femicide.Movement.in.Ciudad.Juárez,.Mexico. zulma.y..méndez......................................................................................... 223 The.National.Security.Policies.of.the.Felipe.Calderón.. Administration:.Toward.a.Human.Security.Dimension?. maría-cristina.rosas................................................................................ 233 Contributors...............................................................................................247 iv Preface This.publication.includes.a.selection.of.presentations.from.the.May.2013. Latin.American.Security.Conference.hosted.by.the.Latin.American.Research. Centre.at.the.University.of.Calgary,.jointly.with.the.Centre.for.Military.and. Strategic.Studies,. the. School. of. Public. Policy. and. the. Canadian. Defence. and.Foreign.Affairs.Institute..We.are.very.grateful.for.their.collaboration. and.support,.as.we.are.for.the.very.generous.support.of.the.Social.Sciences. and.Humanities.Research.Council.and.the.Defence.Engagement.Program. of.the.Department.of.National.Defence..Foreign.Affairs.and.International. Trade.Canada.very.kindly.arranged.for.Canadian.Ambassador.to.Colombia. Tim.Martin.to.deliver.the.opening.keynote.address..Several.corporations. provided.critical.financial.support.for.the.conference,.including.Agrium,. Enbridge. International,. UBS. Bank. Canada,. and. Rainmaker.. Enbridge. International,.Petrominerales,.Nexen,.CKR.Global,.Goldcorp,.Grantierra,. NortonRose,.and.Yamana.Gold.also.facilitated.the.participation.of.panelists. from.their.firms. We. were. fortunate. to. have. had. the. participation.
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