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Off with Their Heads! OFF WITH THEIR HEADS! FAIRYTALES AND THE CULTURE OF CHILDHOOD Maria Tatar PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS PRINCETON. NEW JERSEY CONTENTS list of Illustrations xi Preface xv •I- Rewritten by Adults: The Inscription of Children's Literature 3 •II- "Teaching Them a Lesson": The Pedagogy of Fear in Fairy Tales 22 •HI* Just Desserts: Reward-and-Punishment Tales 51 •IV- Wilhelm Grimm / Maurice Sendak: Dear Mili and the Art of Dying Happily Ever After 70 • V Daughters of Eve: Fairy-Tale Heroines and Their Seven Sins 94 •VI- Tyranny at Home: "Catskin" and "Cinderella" 120 COHTEHTS • VIVII • Beauties and Beasts: From Blind Obedience to Love at First Sight 140 • VIII • "As Sweet as Love": Violence and the Fulfillment of Wishes 163 •IX* Table Matters: Cannibalism and Oral Greed 190 •X* Telling Differences: Parents vs. Children in "The Juniper Tree" 212 Epilogue: Reinvention through Intervention 229 Notes 239 Select Bibliography 273 Index 289 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS II 1. Hermann Vogel, "Hansel and Gretel" in the Grimms' JGnder- und Hausm&rchen, 1894. Widener library, Harvard University xix 2. Paul O. Zelinsky, "Hansel and Gretel." Private collection xx 3. Arthur Rackham, "Sleeping Beauty" in Fairy Tales of the Brothers Grimm, 1900. Private collection 6 4. Hermann Vogel, "Tales about Toads" in the Grimms' Kinder- und Hausm&rchen, 1894. Widener Library, Harvard University 24 5. Hermann Vogel, "Mary's Child" in the Grimms' Kinder- und Hausm&rchen, 1894. Widener Library, Harvard University 27 6. Isaac Watts, "Cradle Hymn," 1715. Widener Library, Harvard University 33 7. Heinrich Hoffmann, Der Struwwelpeter, 1845. Private collection 35 8. Paul Hey, "The Star Coins" in Die schonsten Kmderm&rchen der Bruder Grimm, 1947. 44 9. T. and J. Bewick, Emblems of Mortality, 1789. Widener Library, Harvard University 48 10. Hermann Vogel, "Mother Holle" in the Grimms' Kinder- und Hausm&rchen, 1894. Widener Library, Harvard University 55 11. Arthur Rackham, "Hans My Hedgehog" in Fairy Tales of iht Brothers Grimm, 1900. Houghton library, Harvard University 61 12. Henry Sharpe Horsley, The AJfectionate Parent's Gift, and the Good Child's Reward, 1828. Widener library, Harvard University 72 XU LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 13. Henry Sharpe Horsley, The Affectionate Parent's Gift, and the Good Child's Reward, 1828. Widener library, Harvard University 73 14. Drawings of nineteenth-century orthopedic devices designed by the German E. Vogt, reprinted in Katharina Rutschky, Schwarze Padagogik. 89 15. Select Rhymes for the Nursery, 1808. Widener Library, Harvard University 95 16. "Bluebeard" in Misch & Stock's Fairy Tales and Pantomime Stories. Cambridge Public library 97 17. Vilhelm Pederson and Lorenz Frolich, "The Swineherd." Private collection 102 18. Ludwig Richter, "Rage Roast" in Deutsches Mdrchenbuch, 1857. Private collection 117 19. George Soper, "The Maiden without Hands" in the Grimms' Fairy Tales, 1915. Widener library, Harvard University 124 20. Anonymous, "Beauty and the Beast." Private collection 145 21. Walter Crane, "The Frog Prince," 1871. Private collection 155 22. Walter Crane, "Beauty and the Beast," 1871. Private collection 156 23. Hermann Vogel, "Riffraff in the Grimms' Kinder- und Hausm&rchen, 1894. Widener Library, Harvard University 164 24. Albert Adamo, "The Magic Table, the Gold Donkey, and the Club in the Sack" in the Grimms' Kinder- und Hausm&rchen. Private collection 173 25. George Cruikshank, "The King of the Golden Mountain" in German Popular Stories, 1823. Private collection 176 26. Hermann Scherenberg, "The Jew in the Thombush" in Deutsches Bilderbogen, c. 1890. Private collection 179 27. William Hogarth, "The First Stage of Cruelty," 1751. Widener library, Harvard University 185 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS X1U 28. Ludwig Richter, "Little Thumbling" in Ludwig Bechstein, Deutsches Mdrchenbuch, 1857. Widener library, Harvard University 194 29. Ivan Bilibin, "Vasilisa the Beautiful" in Fairy Tales, 1902. Widener Library, Harvard University 200 30. Hermann Vogel, "The Juniper Tree" in the Grimms' Kinder- und Hausm&rchen, 1894. Widener Library, Harvard University 217.
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