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Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Educação Em Ciências E Matemática

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Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Educação Em Ciências E Matemática PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM EDUCAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS E MATEMÁTICA Ana Cristina Andrejew Ferreira O USO DO COMPUTADOR COMO RECURSO MEDIADOR NA DISCIPLINA DE MATEMÁTICA NO ENSINO MÉDIO Dissertação de mestrado Porto Alegre, 2004. 2 Ana Cristina Andrejew Ferreira O USO DO COMPUTADOR COMO RECURSO MEDIADOR NA DISCIPLINA DE MATEMÁTICA NO ENSINO MÉDIO Dissertação apresentada como Requisito Parcial à obtenção do grau de mestre, pelo programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação em Ciências e Matemática da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul Orientador: Dr. Lorí Viali Porto Alegre, 2004. Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação (CIP) F383u Ferreira, Ana Cristina Andrejew O uso do computador como recurso mediador na disciplina de matemática no ensino médio / Ana Cristina Andrejew Ferreira. - Porto Alegre, 2004. 126f. : il. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Fac. de Química, PUCRS, 2004. 1. Informática na Educação. 2. Matemática - Ensino. 3. Ensino através do Computador. 4. Métodos e Técnicas de Ensino. 5. Tecnologia Educacional. I. Título. CDD 371.39445 Bibliotecária Responsável: Deisi Hauenstein CRB-10/1479 4 Agradecimentos Aos meus familiares, que trouxeram inspiração, tranqüilidade, desejo de superação e vontade de vencer. Aos professores com os quais aprendi, especialmente meu orientador Dr. Lorí Viali, e aos amigos que auxiliaram e contribuíram para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho. 5 “Estamos saindo da civilização reta do estilo para entrar na dos teclados, planária, volumosa e descentrada. Isso nos mudará, corpos e almas, e isso transformará o tempo”. (Serres, p. 25) 6 Resumo O propósito deste trabalho é abordar o uso do computador como ferramenta auxiliar da aprendizagem Matemática no Ensino Médio. Para isto foi levantado o uso de softwares, tutoriais, sites , applets , portais e planilha no ensino de Matemática. Baseando-se neste levantamento foram selecionados a Planilha do Excel e o Software Winmat para trabalHar com um grupo de alunos do Colégio de Aplicação da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Os alunos desenvolveram as atividades com a ajuda de dois recursos (Planilha do Excel e o Software Winmat), baseados na Pedagogia Contemporânea. Após as atividades, os estudantes preencHeram um questionário sobre suas impressões com respeito ao uso do computador na aprendizagem da Matemática no Ensino Médio. Abstract The purpose of this work is to investigate the suitability of tHe computer as an auxilary tool to teach Mathematics at High School.THe objective was to research softwares, tutoriais, sites, applets and spreadsheets in MatHematics teaching. Basing on that research was selected the SpreadsHeet of Excel and the Software Winmat to work with a group of students of tHe School of Application of tHe Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. The students developed the assignment Helped by two resources (Spreadsheet of Excel and tHe Software Winmat), based on modern Pedagogy. In the end os tHe assigmenment, the students filled in a questionnaire about their impressions with regard the usefulness of computer associated to Mathematics teaching at High School. 8 Sumário 1. Introdução.......................................................................................................................................................... 11 1.1. Áreas envolvidas na dissertação ................................................................................................................. 11 1.2. EscolHa do tema.......................................................................................................................................... 13 1.3. O uso do Computador na Educação............................................................................................................ 15 2. Fundamentação Teórica..................................................................................................................................... 19 2.1. O Ensino da Matemática............................................................................................................................. 19 2.2. Informática na educação............................................................................................................................. 22 2.3. As dificuldades enfrentadas na escola quanto ao uso de computadores ..................................................... 24 2.4. Educação Matemática................................................................................................................................. 26 2.5. Conclusão ................................................................................................................................................... 33 3. Metodologia da Pesquisa................................................................................................................................... 35 3.1. A metodologia envolvida na análise dos recursos de software................................................................... 35 3.2. A metodologia utilizada na elaboração das atividades de Matemática....................................................... 37 3.3. Metodologia da dissertação ........................................................................................................................ 38 3.4. Conclusão ................................................................................................................................................... 39 4. Tipos de Concepções Pedagógicas .................................................................................................................... 41 4.1. Concepção Pedagógica Tradicional............................................................................................................ 41 4.2. Concepção Pedagógica Nova ..................................................................................................................... 43 4.3. Concepção Pedagógica Tecnicista.............................................................................................................. 44 4.4. Concepção Pedagógica Construtivista........................................................................................................ 45 4.5. Concepção Pedagógica Contemporânea..................................................................................................... 47 4.6. Conclusão ................................................................................................................................................... 49 5. Recursos de Software ........................................................................................................................................ 51 5.1. Recursos On-line ........................................................................................................................................ 52 5.1.1. Sites ......................................................................................................................................................... 53 5.1.2. Portais...................................................................................................................................................... 57 5.1.3. Applets e CGI .......................................................................................................................................... 59 5.1.4. Tutoriais................................................................................................................................................... 60 5.2. Recursos Offline ......................................................................................................................................... 61 5.2.1. Tutoriais................................................................................................................................................... 62 5.2.2. SAC, APP e PlanilHas.............................................................................................................................. 63 5.3. A EscolHa dos Aplicativos.......................................................................................................................... 70 5.4. Conclusão ................................................................................................................................................... 71 6. Utilização de Software no Ensino Médio .......................................................................................................... 75 6.1. O Laboratório de Informática ..................................................................................................................... 75 6.2. Atividades Propostas .................................................................................................................................. 77 6.3. Atividades Desenvolvidas pelos Alunos..................................................................................................... 79 6.4. Conclusão ................................................................................................................................................... 93 7. Análise dos Resultados...................................................................................................................................... 96 7.1. Questões referentes ao uso do software...................................................................................................... 97 7.2. Integração do aluno com o software........................................................................................................... 98 7.3. O raciocínio e a aprendizagem dos conceitos
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