Masarykova Univerzita Informační Technologie Pro

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Masarykova Univerzita Informační Technologie Pro MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA 5 c FAKULTA INFORMATIKY m INFORMAČNÍ TECHNOLOGIE PRO MODELOVÁNÍ A SIMULACE DIPLOMOVÁ PRÁCA Brno, 2013 Bc. KAMIL DUREC 5 c m PREHLÁSENIE Prehlasujem, že táto práca je mojím pôvodným autorským dielom, ktoré som vypracoval samostatne. Všetky zdroje, pramene a literatúru, ktoré som pri vypracovaní použil alebo z nich čerpal, v práci riadne citujem s uvedením úplného odkazu na príslušný zdroj. Bc. Kamil Durec Vedúci práce: prof. RNDr. Jiří Hřebíček, CSc. ZHRNUTIE Cieľom mojej diplomovej práce je prieskum v oblasti súčasného stavu informačných a komunikačných technológií určených na modelovanie a simulácie procesov v praxi. Z prieskumu bude vybraná vhodná ICT, ktorá bude podrobne preskúmaná a popísané jej vlastnosti. Určením vhodného problému, bude predvedený postup jeho riešenia za pomoci vybratej ICT a pomocou počítačovej simulácie analýza vlastností získaného riešenia. KĽÚČOVÉ SLOVÁ simulácia, modelovanie, systém počítačovej algebry, computer algebra system, CAS, Maple, MapleSim, robotická ruka Obsah 1 Úvod ...................................................................................................................................... 5 2 Teória simulácie a modelovania ............................................................................................ 6 2.1. Experiment ......................................................................................................................... 7 2.2. Model ................................................................................................................................. 8 2.3. Simulácia ............................................................................................................................ 9 2.4. Dôvody pre simuláciu ....................................................................................................... 11 2.5. Oblasti použitia simulácie v praxi ..................................................................................... 12 2.5.1. Príklady aplikovania simulácie .................................................................................. 13 3 Systém počítačovej algebry ................................................................................................. 14 3.1. Výber dostupného CAS softvéru ...................................................................................... 15 4 Maple systém ...................................................................................................................... 23 4.1. Základy o Maple systéme ................................................................................................. 23 4.2. Novinky v Maple 16 .......................................................................................................... 24 5 MapleSim ............................................................................................................................ 25 5.1. Úvod do MapleSim ........................................................................................................... 25 5.1.1. Vlastnosti MapleSim.................................................................................................. 25 5.2. Novinky v MapleSim 6 ...................................................................................................... 26 5.2.1. Modelica – rozšírená podpora .................................................................................. 26 5.2.2. Efektívne testovanie a experimentovanie ................................................................ 27 5.2.3. Doplnky konektivity ................................................................................................... 28 5.2.4. Dodatočné funkcionality a zlepšenia ........................................................................ 28 5.3. Fyzikálne modelovanie v MapleSim ................................................................................. 30 5.3.1. Topologické vyjadrenie systému ............................................................................... 30 5.3.2. Formulácia a zjednodušenie matematického modelu .............................................. 30 5.3.3. Riešenie pokročilých diferenciálnych algebrických rovníc ........................................ 30 5.3.4. Akauzálne a kauzálne modelovanie .......................................................................... 31 1 5.4. Užívateľské prostredie MapleSim 6 ................................................................................. 33 5.4.1. Popis jednotlivých častí užívateľského prostredia .................................................... 34 6 Ukážkové príklady simulácie v MapleSim 6 ........................................................................ 36 6.1. Kľukový mechanizmus ...................................................................................................... 36 6.1.1. Základné kyvadlo ....................................................................................................... 36 6.1.2. Postup modelovania kľukového mechanizmu .......................................................... 38 6.2. Základné mechanické rameno ......................................................................................... 43 6.2.1. Nastavenia komponentu Ramp ................................................................................. 45 6.2.2. Simulácia základného mechanického ramena .......................................................... 46 7 Robotická ruka .................................................................................................................... 47 7.1. Komponenty modelu a schémy ich prepojenia ............................................................... 48 7.1.1. Prehľad subsystémov robotickej ruky ....................................................................... 51 7.2. Dizajn modelu so základnou grafikou .............................................................................. 56 7.2.1. CAD grafika ................................................................................................................ 57 7.3. Dizajn modelu s použitím CAD grafiky ............................................................................. 58 7.4. Simulácia pohybu robotickej ruky .................................................................................... 59 7.5. Modelica kód .................................................................................................................... 62 8 Záver .................................................................................................................................... 63 9 Zoznam bibliografických odkazov ....................................................................................... 65 2 Zoznam obrázkov obr. 1 Metodika riešenia vedecko-technických úloh [3] ............................................................... 6 obr. 2 Kauzálny model blokového diagramu [10] ....................................................................... 31 obr. 3 Akauzálny model blokového diagramu [10] ..................................................................... 32 obr. 4 Jednoduchý model s premennými „through“ a „across“ [10] ......................................... 32 obr. 5 Uživateľské prostredie MapleSim 6 .................................................................................. 33 obr. 6 Spojené komponenty základného kyvadla ....................................................................... 37 obr. 7 Grafy simulácie základného kyvadla ................................................................................. 37 obr. 8 3D vizualizácia základného kyvadla .................................................................................. 38 obr. 9 Kľukový mechanizmus [14] ............................................................................................... 38 obr. 10 Schéma prepojených komponentov kľukového mechanizmu ....................................... 39 obr. 11 Použité subsystémy v komponentoch kľukového mechanizmu..................................... 40 obr. 12 Grafy kľukového mechanizmu ........................................................................................ 41 obr. 13 Grafy kľukového mechanizmu 2 ..................................................................................... 41 obr. 14 Porovnanie grafov kľukového mechanizmu ................................................................... 42 obr. 15 3D zobrazene kľukového mechanizmu, vrátanie zobrazenej stopy pohybu .................. 42 obr. 16 Prepojené komponenty základného mechanického ramena ......................................... 43 obr. 17 Komponenty mechanického ramena zoradené v subsystémoch ................................... 44 obr. 18 Komponent Ramp ........................................................................................................... 45 obr. 19 Rovnica komponentu Ramp [15] .................................................................................... 45 obr. 20 3D zobrazenie základného mechanického ramena s trajektóriou pohybu .................... 46 obr. 21 Grafy uhlov základného mechanického ramena ............................................................ 46 obr. 22 Nákres robotickej ruky [16] ............................................................................................ 48 obr. 23 Kompletná schéma modelu robotickej ruky bez použitia subsystémov ........................ 49 obr. 24 Schéma modelu robotickej ruky s použitím subsystémov ............................................. 50 obr. 25 subsystém pohybXZ ........................................................................................................
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