The Region 1850–1911

Institutions and Leadership in Town and Countryside

with a new introduction

James Hayes

.G_KYEGEVXKROSYOTJJOOO  63 Hong Kong University Press 14/F Hing Wai Centre 7 Tin Wan Praya Road Aberdeen Hong Kong www.hkupress.org

© Hong Kong University Press 2012

ISBN 978-988-8139-11-8

Or iginally published in hardback by Archon Books, The Shoe String Press Inc, and Wm Dawson & Sons Ltd in 1977.

This paperback edition fi rst published by Hong Kong University Press in 2012.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher.

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Printed and bound by Liang Yu Printing Factory Ltd., Hong Kong, China

.G_KYEGEVXKROSYOTJJO\  63 CONTENTS

List of Maps viii List of Plates ix Introduction to the Paperback Edition xi Preface 9* Introduction 11 Abbreviations 23 1. A General Account of the Hong Kong Region 25 2. The Community of 56 3. The Community of 85 4. : A Multilineage Settlement of Farmers 104 5. Pui O: A Linked group of Hakka and Punti Farming Villages 129 6. Ngau Tau Kok Village: A Newer, Specialist Settlement of Hakkas 151 7. City and Kowloon Street: The Community Institutions of a Yamen, Market, and Rural Subdistrict 163 8. Summary and Discussion 181 Postscript: The Nature of the Political Situation in 1898, and Its Relevance for Local Leadership Patterns 194 A Note on Weights and Measures 202 Notes 204 Glossary 243 Bibliography 249 Index 281

* The page numbering of the Preface (which starts on p. 9) and subsequent text follows that of the original edition.

.G_KYEGEVXKROSYOTJJ\OO  63 LIST OF MAPS

1. The Hong Kong Region 26 2. Cheung Chau in 1898: showing main streets and principal temples 57 3. Tai O and Its Villages in 1898 86 4. Lantau: showing the Pui O subdistrict and other places on the island in 1898 130 5. with Kowloon Street in 1898 165

.G_KYEGEVXKROSYOTJJ\OOO  63 LIST OF PLATES (after p. xxxii)

1. Shek Pik Wai, the site of the old village, abandoned for reasons of bad feng shui. 2. Fan Pui Village, Shek Pik. 3. Cowsheds and feng shui grove at Fan Pui Village. 4. Shui Hau Village with its fi elds, showing the extension to the South Lantau Road under construction. 5. House at Shui Hau Village. 6. Row of houses at Tong Fuk Village. 7. Hakka woman grass-cutter, with a full load, 1930s. 8. Puppet Show and Villagers near Kowloon City, early 1900s. 9. Chinese Stone breakers, Kowloon City around 1920. 10. Tai O town and surrounding area, 1968, with village rice fi elds in the foreground and the recently abandoned salt fi elds beyond. 11. Tai O Creek, showing the pile sheds of the local boat population, together with one of the two main streets of the town on its southern side. 12. The Po Chu Tam area of Tai O, with the temple. 13. “Chi Tsai” or “Little Paper”, issued during the land survey and demarcation of the New Territories, c 1900, with Land Court “chop”. 14. Reverse, giving details of the claimant and the plot in question.

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