DOCSLIB.ORG

Lecture Name: Urethra and Peniile Diseases. by Dr.Salam Almosawi (F.I.B.M.S)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Lecture Name: Urethra and Peniile Diseases. by Dr.Salam Almosawi (F.I.B.M.S) Lecture name: Urethra and peniile diseases. By Dr.Salam almosawi (F.I.B.M.S) The male urethera: Anatomy: The male urethra is about 20 cm. in length and classify into 2 parts by the urogenital diaphragm these are : A)Posterior urethera : extend from the internal uretheral meatus to the inferior layer of the urogenital diaphragm and farther classified into : 1.Prostatic urethera: about 4 cm. in length and surround by the tissue of the prostate and has transitional urothelium. 2.Membranous urethera: about 1-2 cm. in length ,surrounded by the external urethral sphincter and also had transitional urothelium. B)Anterior urethra: extend from the inferior layer of the urogenital diaphragm to the external uretheral meatus.it is farther classified into: 1.Bulbous urethra: surrounded by the bulbs of the penis and has transitional urothelium. 2.Penile urethra: surrounded by the erectile corporal tissues and also had transitional urothelium. 3.Glandular urethra: surrounded by the glans penis and had squamous epithelium. FEMALE URETHRA The adult female urethra is about 4 cm long and 8 mm in diameter The epithelial lining of the female urethra is squamous in its distal portion and pseudostratified or transitional in the remainder. Blood supply of the male urethra: The prostatic and membranous urethra supplied by branches from : Inf. vesicle A., internal pudendal A. and middle rectal A. While the penis and anterior urethra are supplied by the internal pudendal arteries. Each artery divides into a deep artery of the penis (which supplies the corpora cavernosa), a dorsal artery of the penis, and the bulbourethral artery. These branches supply the corpus spongiosum, the glans penis, and the urethra. PENIS Gross Appearance The penis is composed of 2 corpora cavernosa and the corpus spongiosum, which contains the urethra, whose diameter is 8–9 mm. These corpora are capped distally by theglans. Each corpus is enclosed in a fascial sheath (tunica albuginea), and all are surrounded by a thick fibrous envelope known as Buck’s fascia. A covering of skin, devoid of fat, is loosely applied about these bodies. The prepuce forms a hood over the glans. Beneath the skin of the penis (and scrotum) and extending from the base of the glans to the urogenital diaphragm is Colles’ fascia, which is continuous with Scarpa’s fascia of the lower abdominal wall . Congenital anomalies of the urethra: URETHRAL STRICTURE Congenital urethral stricture is uncommon in infant boys. The fossa navicularis and membranous urethra are the 2 most common sites. POSTERIOR URETHRAL VALVES Posterior urethral valves, the most common obstructive urethral lesions in infants and newborns, occur only in males and are found at the distal prostatic urethra. The valves are mucosal folds that look like thin membranes; they may cause varying degrees of obstruction when the child attempts to void (Figure 40–2). Clinical Findings A. SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS Children with posterior urethral valves may present with mild, moderate, or severe symptoms of obstruction. They often have a poor, intermittent, dribbling urinary stream. Urinary infection and sepsis occur frequently. Severe obstruction may cause hydronephrosis which is apparent as a palpable abdominal mass. A palpable midline mass in the lower abdomen is typical of a distended bladder. In many patients, failure to thrive may be the only significant symptom, and examination may reveal nothing more than evidence of chronic illness. X-RAY FINDINGS Voiding cystourethrography is the best radiographic study available to establish the diagnosis of posterior urethral valve. Treatment Treatment consists of destruction of the valves, but the approach depends on the degree of obstruction and the general health of the child. ANTERIOR URETHRAL VALVES A rare congenital anomaly it is a urethral diverticulum rather than true valve and mostly occur in females. HYPOSPADIAS In hypospadias, the external urethral meatus opens on the ventral side of the penis proximal to the tip of the glans penis and usually associated with ventral penile curvature (chordee) and ventrally deficient skin of the prepuce(hooded prepuce) . Hypospadias results when fusion of the urethral folds is incomplete. Hypospadias occurs in 1 in every 300 male children. Estrogens and progestins given during pregnancy are known to increase the incidence. Although a familial pattern of hypospadias has been recognized, DIAGNOSIS Hypospadias is diagnosed by physical examination,first suspected by the ventrally deficient prepuce and proved by ventrally site of the external urethral meatus. Hypospadias with undescended testes may indicate a disorder of sexual differentiation, indicating need for Karyotyping. Treatment For psychological reasons, hypospadias should be repaired before the patient reaches school age; now because of the advances in anesthesia, correction of hypospadias best done with in the first year with better success rate. EPISPADIAS The incidence of complete epispadias is approximately 1 in 120,000 males and 1 in 450,000 females. The external urethral meatus is displaced dorsally. Urethral injuries: Urethral injuries are uncommon and occur most often in men, usually associated with pelvic fractures or straddle type fall. INJURIES TO THE POSTERIOR URETHRA: When pelvic fractures occur from blunt trauma, the membranous urethra is sheared from the prostatic apex at the prostatomembranous junction. Patients usually complain of lower abdominal pain and inability to urinate. Blood at the urethral meatus is the single most important sign of urethral injury. The presence of blood at the external urethral meatus indicates that immediate urethrography is necessary to establish the diagnosis. X-ray finding: Fractures of the bony pelvis are usually present. A urethrogram (using 20–30 mL of water-soluble contrast material) shows the site of extravasation at the prostatomembranous urethra. Treatment A. EMERGENCY MEASURES Shock and hemorrhage should be treated. B. SURGICAL MEASURES Urethral catheterization should be avoided. 1. Immediate management—Initial management should consist of suprapubic cystostomy to provide urinary drainage. 2. Delayed urethral reconstruction—Reconstruction of the urethra after prostatic disruption can be undertaken within 3 months 3. Immediate urethral realignment—Some surgeons prefer to realign the urethra immediately. The incidence of stricture, impotence, and incontinence appears to be higher than with immediate cystostomy and delayed reconstruction. However, several authors have reported success with immediate urethral realignment. INJURIES TO THE ANTERIOR URETHRA: The anterior urethra is the portion distal to the urogenital diaphragm. Straddle injury may cause laceration or contusion of the urethra. Self-instrumentation or iatrogenic instrumentation may cause partial disruption. Clinical Findings A. SYMPTOMS There is usually a history of a fall, and in some cases a history of instrumentation. There is local pain into the perineum and sometimes massive perineal hematoma. If voiding has occurred and extravasation is noted, sudden swelling in the area will be present. Bleeding from the urethra is usually present. Rectal examination reveals a normal prostate. The patient usually has a desire to void, but voiding should not be allowed until assessment of the urethra is complete. X-RAY FINDINGS A urethrogram, with instillation of 15–20 mL of water-soluble contrast material, demonstrates extravasation and the location of injury. Treatment 1. Urethral contusion—The patient with urethral contusion shows no evidence of extravasation, and the urethra remains intact. After urethrography, the patient is allowed to void; and if the voiding occurs normally, without pain or bleeding, no additional treatment is necessary. If bleeding persists, urethral catheter drainage can be done. 2. Urethral lacerations Percutaneous cystostomy or formal open cystostomy can be used in such injuries. URETHRAL STRICTURE Acquired urethral stricture is common in men but rare in women. Most acquired strictures are due to infection or trauma. Urethral strictures are fibrotic narrowings composed of dense collagen and fibroblasts. Fibrosis usually extends into the surrounding corpus spongiosum, causing spongiofibrosis. These narrowings restrict urine flow and cause dilation of the proximal urethra and prostatic ducts Clinical Findings A. SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS A decrease in urinary stream is the most common complaint. Spraying or double stream is often noted Induration in the area of the stricture may be palpable. X-RAY FINDINGS A urethrogram or voiding cystourethrogram (or both) will demonstrate the location and extent of the stricture. Treatment A. SPECIFIC MEASURES 1. Dilation—Dilation of urethral strictures is not usually curative, 2. Urethrotomy under endoscopic direct vision— Lysis of urethral strictures can be accomplished using a sharp knife attached to an endoscope. 3. Surgical reconstruction—If urethrotomy under direct vision fails, open surgical repair should be performed. PHIMOSIS Phimosis is a condition in which the contracted foreskin cannot be retracted over the glans. Chronic infection from poor local hygiene is its most common cause. Most cases occur in uncircumcised males. Edema, erythema, and tenderness of the prepuce and the presence of purulent discharge usually cause the patient to seek medical attention. The initial infection should be treated with broad-spectrumantimicrobial drugs. The dorsal foreskin can be slit if improved drainage is necessary. Circumcision, if indicated, should be
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Male Reproductive System 2
    Male Reproductive System 2 1. Excretory genital ducts 2. The ductus (vas) deferens and seminal vesicles 3. The prostate 4. The bulbourethral (Cowper’s) glands 5. The penis 6. The scrotum and spermatic cord SPLANCHNOLOGY Male reproductive system ° Male reproductive system, systema genitalia masculina: V a part of the human reproductive process ° Male reproductive organs, organa genitalia masculina: V internal genital organs: testicle, testis epididymis, epididymis ductus deferens, ductus (vas) deferens seminal vesicle, vesicula seminalis ejaculatory duct, ductus ejaculatorius prostate gland, prostata V external genital organs: penis, penis scrotum, scrotum bulbourethral glands, glandulae bulbourethrales Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 2 SPLANCHNOLOGY Ductus (vas) deferens ° Ductus (vas) deferens: V a straight thick-walled muscular tube V transports sperm cells from the epididymis V length 45-50 cm V diameter 2.5-3 mm ° Anatomical parts: V testicular part V funicular part V inguinal part – 4 cm V pelvic part ° Ampulla ductus deferentis: V length 3-4 cm; diameter 1 cm V ejaculatory duct, ductus ejaculatorius Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 3 SPLANCHNOLOGY Microscopic anatomy ° tunica mucosa – 5-6 longitudinal folds: V lamina epithelialis – bilayered columnar epithelium with stereocilia V lamina propria: dense connective tissue elastic fibers ° tunica muscularis – thick: V inner longitudinal layer – in the initial portion V circular layer V outer longitudinal layer ° tunica adventitia (serosa) Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 4 SPLANCHNOLOGY Seminal vesicle, vesicula seminalis ° Seminal vesicle, vesicula (glandula) seminalis: V a pair of simple tubular glands – two highly tortuous tubes V posterior to the urinary bladder V length 4-5 (15) cm V diameter 1 cm ° Macroscopic anatomy: V anterior and posterior part V excretory duct Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case of Seminal Vesicle / Prostatic Reflux Causing Intense Focal
    Hong Kong J Radiol. 2016;19:49-51 | DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1615333 CASE REPORT A Case of Seminal Vesicle / Prostatic Reflux Causing Intense Focal Fluorodeoxyglucose Uptake in the Prostate Gland WH Ma1, EYP Lee2, ASH Lai3, PL Khong2 1Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Radiology, Queen Mary Hospital; 2Department of Radiology, The University of Hong Kong; 3Department of Radiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong ABSTRACT We report an interesting case of benign persistent intense focal fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) activity in the prostate gland. A 66-year-old man with a history of prostatism and benign prostate hypertrophy presented with elevated prostate-specific antigen. Three prostatic biopsies obtained by transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) were negative for malignancy. Magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate revealed a hypointense signal at the right prostate base on T2-weighted images. FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (CT) was performed for further evaluation and demonstrated intense FDG activity, similar to urine, posterior to the prostate. Delayed CT scan showed serpiginous excretion of contrast into the seminal vesicles and peripheral zone of the prostate, corresponding to areas of intense and persistent FDG activity, compatible with seminal vesicle and prostatic reflux of urine resulting in intense FDG uptake. Awareness of this pathological entity that may be a complication of TRUS or due to chronic prostatitis may avoid misinterpretation, especially in the absence of administration of CT contrast to delineate
    [Show full text]
  • Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia DEFINITION OF
    Introduction Introduction enign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an increasingly B common condition in aged males. By the age of 60 years, more than 50% of men will have microscopic evidence of the disease, and more than 40% of men beyond this age will have lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) (Chute and Panser, 1993). LUTS are the most common problem that affects BPH patients, and include urinary frequency, urgency, weak stream, straining and nocturia (Trueman et al, 1999) (Wu et al, 2006). Although urologists normally attribute LUTS that are concomitant with BPH to urinary obstruction caused by enlarged prostate, some controversies still exist (Bosch et al, 2008). Several studies have shown that there are correlations between urinary symptoms and prostate volume, peak flow rate or residual urine volume (Madersbacher et al, 1997). However, others have found that prostate volume is not associated with LUTS, and objective parameters cannot predict the severity of symptoms in BPH patients (KEzzeldin et al, 1996) (Tubaroa and Vecchia, 2004). 1 Introduction Because most of these studies have been carried in Western countries, evidence in Oriental populations is still lacking. Almost 20 years ago, Barry and his collagues suggested that by using a simple questionnaire, which was later validated, physicians could quantify urine storage and voiding symptoms reported by patients with BPH or LUTS (Barry et al, 1995). The questionnaire also included a question about quality of life, which can also be called the “bothersome index” or “motivational index” question. That question asked, “If you were to spend the rest of your life with your urinary condition the way it is now, how would you feel about that?” From this was born the International Prostate Symptom Score (I-PSS), which became the gold standard outcome measurement for most clinical trials that assessed responses to interventions for the management of BPH (Becher et al, 2009).
    [Show full text]
  • Morphology and Histology of the Penis
    Morphology and histology of the penis Michelangelo Buonarotti: David, 1501. Ph.D, M.D. Dávid Lendvai Anatomy, Histology and Embryology Institute 2019. "See the problem is, God gave man a brain and another important organ, and only enough blood to run one at a time..." - R. W MALE GENITAL SYSTEM - SUMMERY male genital gland= testis •spermio/spermatogenesis •hormone production male genital tracts: epididymis vas deference (ductus deferens) ejaculatory duct •sperm transport 3 additional genital glands: 4 Penis: •secretion seminal vesicles •copulating organ prostate •male urethra Cowper-glands (bulbourethral gl.) •secretion PENIS Pars fixa (perineal) penis: Attached to the pubic bone Bulb and crura penis Pars libera (pendula) penis: Corpus + glans of penis resting ~ 10 cm Pars liberaPars erection ~ 16 cm Pars fixa penis Radix penis: Bulb of the penis: • pierced by the urethra • covered by the bulbospongiosus m. Crura penis: • fixed on the inf. ramus of the pubic bone inf. ramus of • covered by the ischiocavernosus m. the pubic bone Penis – connective tissue At the fixa p. and libera p. transition fundiforme lig. penis: superficial, to the linea alba, to the spf. abdominal fascia suspensorium lig. penis: deep, triangular, to the symphysis PENIS – ERECTILE BODIES 2 corpora cavernosa penis 1 corpus spongiosum penis (urethrae) → ends with the glans penis Libera partpendula=corpus penis + glans penis PENIS Ostium urethrae ext.: • at the glans penis •Vertical, fissure-like opening foreskin (Preputium): •glans > 2/3 covered during the ejaculation it's a reserve plate •fixed by the frenulum and around the coronal groove of the glans BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE PENIS int. pudendal A.
    [Show full text]
  • Ta2, Part Iii
    TERMINOLOGIA ANATOMICA Second Edition (2.06) International Anatomical Terminology FIPAT The Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology A programme of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) TA2, PART III Contents: Systemata visceralia Visceral systems Caput V: Systema digestorium Chapter 5: Digestive system Caput VI: Systema respiratorium Chapter 6: Respiratory system Caput VII: Cavitas thoracis Chapter 7: Thoracic cavity Caput VIII: Systema urinarium Chapter 8: Urinary system Caput IX: Systemata genitalia Chapter 9: Genital systems Caput X: Cavitas abdominopelvica Chapter 10: Abdominopelvic cavity Bibliographic Reference Citation: FIPAT. Terminologia Anatomica. 2nd ed. FIPAT.library.dal.ca. Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology, 2019 Published pending approval by the General Assembly at the next Congress of IFAA (2019) Creative Commons License: The publication of Terminologia Anatomica is under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0) license The individual terms in this terminology are within the public domain. Statements about terms being part of this international standard terminology should use the above bibliographic reference to cite this terminology. The unaltered PDF files of this terminology may be freely copied and distributed by users. IFAA member societies are authorized to publish translations of this terminology. Authors of other works that might be considered derivative should write to the Chair of FIPAT for permission to publish a derivative work. Caput V: SYSTEMA DIGESTORIUM Chapter 5: DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Latin term Latin synonym UK English US English English synonym Other 2772 Systemata visceralia Visceral systems Visceral systems Splanchnologia 2773 Systema digestorium Systema alimentarium Digestive system Digestive system Alimentary system Apparatus digestorius; Gastrointestinal system 2774 Stoma Ostium orale; Os Mouth Mouth 2775 Labia oris Lips Lips See Anatomia generalis (Ch.
    [Show full text]
  • T U B E R C U L O U S E P I D I D Y M I T I S a CLINICAL AMD AETIOLOGICAL STUDY by WALTER M. BORTHWICK
    / TUBERCULOUS EPIDIDYMITIS A CLINICAL AMD AETIOLOGICAL STUDY by WALTER M. BORTHWICK ProQuest Number: 13850421 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 13850421 Published by ProQuest LLC(2019). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 S C HEM A Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS CHAPTER 1. Introduction ........................... 1 2. The Normal Genitalia ............. 4 (a) Embryology .......................... 4 •(b) Anatomy ............................. 15 (c) Physiology .......................... 30 3. The Aetiology of Tuberculous Epididymitis. .. 36 (a) General Incidence .......... 36 (b) Age Incidence ................ 42 (c) Extra-Genital Tuberculous Lesions .... 48 (d) Injury .............................. 52 (e) Infection......................... 57 4. The Diagnostic Standards of Tuberculous Epididymitis. 60 5. The Local Lesion ........................... 67 (a) Incidence of Double Affection ........ 67 (b) Classification of Tuberculous Epididymitis ..................... 72 (1) Subacute and Chronic Epididymitis . 81 (2) Acute Epididymitis .......... 99 (c) Tuberculosis of the Testis ........... 108 (d) Tuberculosis of the Vas Deferens..115 CHAPTER Page 5. (Contd.) (e) Scrotal Pistulae in Association with Tuberculous Epididymitis......... 120 (f) Hydrocele and its Relation to Tuberculous Epididymitis......... 127 (g) Involvement of Inguinal Glands in cases of Tuberculous Epididymitis. ••• 129 6. Pelvic Coincidental Lesions.
    [Show full text]
  • Sertoli Cells
    Development of genital organs lecture for students of general medicine and dentistry Miloš Grim Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Summer semester 2016 / 2017 Genital systems (reproductive organs) Organa genitalia masculina et feminina internal + external organs Gonads – gametogenesis (spermatozoa, oocytes), endocrine function (testosteron, estrogenic hormones, progesterone), Gonadal ducts - transport of gametes, retention and nutrition of embryos penis and vagina - internal fertilization Accessory glandular structures - specific secrets The male and female genital organs originate from the same undifferentiated embryonic primordium Two sets of ducts are formed in the undifferentiated developmental stage: Mesonephric duct (Wolffian duct) – primordium of male gonadal ducts and Paramesonephric duct (Mullerian duct) - prmordium female gondal ducts. A choice between them is made accorging to karyotype Female phenotype develops spontaneously in the absence of chromosome Y (the absence of SRY gene expression) Male phenotype requires masculinization factors (SRY gene expression, testosterone activity) Genetic sex determination depends on the X and Y chromosomes. XX female katryotype develops female phenotype spontaneously XY male karyotype leads to male phenotype under the influence of expression of the SRY gene, which determines the development of testis. Developing testis produce ● Testosterone - stimulates development of the mesonephric duct and the external genitalia, ● AMH (anti-Müllerian-hormone) – stimulates regression of the paramesonephric duct, External genital organs develop from: genital eminence, genital folds, genital ridges and urogenital sinus SRY SOX9 SRY gene is expressed for a short time (about 6 to 8 weeks) in somatic precursor cells of the cell line of Sertoli cells. SRY gene induces SOX9 gene expression, which controls differentiation of the Sertoli cells.
    [Show full text]
  • Urethral Stricture JOHN P. BLANDY M.A., D.M., M.Ch., F.R.C.S
    Postgrad Med J: first published as 10.1136/pgmj.56.656.383 on 1 June 1980. Downloaded from Postgraduate Medical Journal (June 1980) 56, 383-418 Urethral stricture JOHN P. BLANDY M.A., D.M., M.Ch., F.R.C.S. The London and St Peter's Hospitals, The London Hospital Medical College, University of London THE earliest records of medicine are much concerned inflammation... Spasmodic stricture arises with the management of urethral strictures by means either from a contraction of the muscles sur- of catheters and sounds. In ancient India Susruta rounding the urethra, or from the urethra described the use of a reed catheter lubricated with itself... Inflammatory stricture ... is generally ghee*. In Greece, Socrates was known to joke about produced by the inflammation of gonorrhoea; the gleet of others, and poor Epicurus committed but there is another mode by which it is caused, suicide when he could no longer dilate his own and that is, the introduction of a bougie...' stricture. In Rome in the first century, Celsus (Castle, 1831). described the operation of external urethrotomy The treatment of stricture was essentially by means for a calculus impacted behind a stricture, and of intermittent urethrotomy became part of the canon of classical bouginage: copyright. medicine preserved by the Arabs only to be re- 'Bougies are made of either wax, catgut, or discovered in the Renaissance, when Ambroise silver: and they are usually numbered from 1 to Pare (1510-1590) devised an instrument for scraping 16 according to their dimension, so that the 'carnosities' from the urethra. Silver catheters surgeon may, on each occasion, know the armed with a concealed lancet were in use in 1795, size he is using, and the size last used' (Castle, and in 1817 Civiale of Paris devised a practical 1831).
    [Show full text]
  • Lecture Outline
    Biology 218 – Human Anatomy RIDDELL Chapter 27 Adapted form Tortora 10th ed. LECTURE OUTLINE A. Introduction (p. 835) 1. Sexual reproduction is the process by which organisms produce offspring by means of germ cells called gametes; when a male gamete unites with a female gamete during fertilization, the resulting cell contains one set of chromosomes from each parent. 2. The organs of the reproductive systems may be grouped by function: i. gonads produce gametes and secrete sex hormones a. testes produce sperm cells b. ovaries produce ova ii. ducts receive, store, and transport gametes iii. accessory sex glands produce substances that protect gametes and facilitate their movement iv. supporting structures assist delivery and joining of gametes and, in females, the growth of the fetus during pregnancy 3. Gynecology is the medical specialty concerned with diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the female reproductive system; although urology is the study of the urinary system, urologists also diagnose and treat diseases and disorders of the male reproductive system. B. Male Reproductive System (p. 836) 1. The male reproductive system includes: i. testes (male gonads), which produce sperm and secrete hormones ii. system of ducts, which stores and transports sperm to the exterior iii. accessory sex glands, which produce secretions that mix with sperm to form semen iv. supporting structures including the scrotum and penis 2. Scrotum: (p. 836) i. the scrotum is an outpouching of the abdominal wall consisting of loose skin and superficial fascia that hangs from the root of the penis ii. externally, it has a median ridge called a raphe which separates the pouch into two lateral portions iii.
    [Show full text]
  • Androgen Receptor Expression in the Human and Rat Urogenital Tract
    ANDROGEN RECEPTOR EXPRESSION IN THE HUMAN AND RAT UROGENITAL TRACT Androgeenreceptor expressie in de tractus urogenitalis van de rat en de mens PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam op gezag van de Rector Magnificus prof.dr. P.W.C. Akkermans, M.A. en volgens besluit van het College voor Promoties. De openbare verdediging zal plaatsvinden op woensdag 25 oktober 1995 om 11.45 UUT door Franciscus Maria Bentvelsen geboren te Den Hoorn (gemeente Schipluiden) PROMOTIECOMMISSIE Promotor: Prof. dr. F.H. Schroder Co-promotor: Dr. A.O. Brinkmann Overige leden: Prof. dr. S. W.I. Lamberts Dr. ir. l Trapman Dr. lA. Schalken Studies reported in this thesis were performed at the Departments of Endocrinology & Reproduction, and Urology of the Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands and at the Department of Internal Medicine of the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, the United States of America. The experimental work have been made possible by grants of the Ter Meulen Fund, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam and the Foundation for Urological Research, Rotterdam (Stichting Urologisch Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Rotterdam). The author gratefully acknowledges the financial support for this publication by Stichting Urologic 1973, Haarlem; Merck, Sharp & Dohme B.V., Haarlem; Abbott B.V., Amstelveen. ME VlBlLILIE ICJl'\I1El\jj JESSIE 1l1OJTJ[I[JS MIIUNlllJll l\Ii())l\I 1UNlliUS i())IF'IF'IDll (I would rather be a citizen of the world, than of one city) Erasmus Desiderius Roterodamus (ca. 1469-1536) Yoor Myriam Robbert, Barend en Falco Contents CONTENTS page Abbreviations 6 Chapter 1 Introduction and scope of the thesis 9 1.1 Introduction 1.1.
    [Show full text]
  • Histology of Accessory Male Genital Glands and Penis
    MED316 REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM AND DISORDERS HISTOLOGY OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Histology of accessory male genital glands and penis Dr. Sinan Özkavukcu Ankara University Faculty of Medicine Dept. of Histology – Embryology Lab Manager - Center for Assisted Reproduction Learning objectives • The histology and function of the… • Seminal vesicles (Vesicula seminalis) • Prostate Gland • Bulbouretral glands • Urethra • Penis • The main aspects of the ejaculate Seminal vesicles (Vesicula seminalis) • The seminal vesicles are paired, elongate, and highly folded tubular glands located on the posterior wall of the urinary bladder, parallel to the ampulla of the ductus deferens. • The short excretory duct from each seminal vesicle combines with the ampulla of the ductus deferens to form the ejaculatory duct. Seminal vesicles (Vesicula seminalis) • The wall of the seminal vesicles contains a mucosa, a layer of smooth muscle (thin external longitudinal and a thicker internal circular muscle layer), and a fibrous coat • The mucosa is thrown into numerous primary, secondary, and tertiary folds that increase the secretory surface area. Actually there is a single lumen. • The pseudostratified columnar epithelium contains tall, nonciliated columnar cells and short, round cells that rest on the basal lamina. • The short cells appear identical to those of the rest of the excurrent duct system. They are the stem cells from which the columnar cells are derived. • The columnar cells have the morphology of protein- secreting cells, with a well-developed rER and large secretory vacuoles in the apical cytoplasm. They may have short microvilli and stored lipofuscin pigment. Seminal vesicles (Vesicula seminalis) • The secretion o f the seminal vesicles is a whitish yellow, viscous material.
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomy of the Prostate Gland and Seminal Colículos of the Canine (Canis Lupus Familiaris)
    Review Article Anatomy Physiol Biochem Int J Volume 5 Issue 4 - March 2019 Copyright © All rights are reserved by Saldivia Paredes Manuel MV DOI: 10.19080/APBIJ.2019.05.555670 Anatomy of the Prostate Gland and Seminal Colículos of the Canine (Canis lupus familiaris) Saldivia Paredes Manuel MV* and Seguel Barria Francisca Universidad Santo Tomás, Unidad de Anatomía Veterinaria, Chile Submission: March 23, 2019; Published: April 03, 2019 *Corresponding author: Saldivia Paredes Manuel MV, Universidad Santo Tomás, unidad de Anatomía Veterinaria, sede Puerto Montt, Chile Abstract The prostate gland and the seminal colliculi are within the classification of the genital organs of Canis lupus familiaris, although it can also be classified within the urogenital system of the canine. The glands are characterized by having the peculiarity of making secretions and these are regulated mainly by hormonal control and autonomic nervous system; On the other hand, in reference to the seminal colliculi, it is understood that it has an intimate relationship with the urethra and with other nearby anatomical structures. The anatomical links between the prostate gland and the seminal colliculi are quite close, since in both cases the urethra is involved. First; the urethra pierces the prostate and secondly; from the urethral crest a seminal colliculus is born. The prostate gland and the seminal colliculi have a fundamental link with the process of ejaculation, since the prostate makes a prostatic fluid, which helps the activation of the sperm and the seminal colliculus is connected to the vas deferens that carry the sperm from the epididymis to the urethra. Through this study a bibliographic review was made based on the anatomy of the prostate gland and seminal colins of the canine, information that has a pedagogical purpose involving general functions, structures, positions and anatomical relationships that can be analyzed by veterinary medicine students who are studying the subject of anatomy, specifically, the anatomy of Canis lupus familiaris.
    [Show full text]