DOCSLIB.ORG

The Reproductive System

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

The Reproductive System The Male Reproductive System Part 1 Introduction Functions Production of gametes Method for transfer of spermatozoa to ovum Fertilization Stable environment for protection and development of zygote Reproductive System Primary sex organs Testes and ovaries Produce sex cells (gametes) Secrete steroid sex hormones Androgens (males) Estrogens and progesterone (females) Accessory reproductive organs Ducts Glands External genitalia Male Reproductive System Testes Ducts Accessory glands Penis Hormonal function of the testis Ureter Urinary bladder Prostatic urethra Peritoneum Seminal Membranous vesicle urethra Ampulla of Urogenital ductus deferens diaphragm Pubis Ejaculatory Corpus duct cavernosum Rectum Corpus Prostate spongiosum Bulbourethral Spongy urethra gland Epididymis Anus Glans penis Bulb of penis Prepuce Ductus (vas) Testis External deferens Scrotum urethral orifice Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 27.1 Testes Reside in scrotum Paired, located outside of body Descend into scrotum through inguinal Cryptorchidism Urinary bladder Superficial inguinal ring (end of inguinal canal) Testicular artery Spermatic cord Ductus (vas) deferens Penis Autonomic Middle septum of scrotum nerve fibers Pampiniform Cremaster muscle venous plexus External spermatic Epididymis fascia Tunica vaginalis (from peritoneum) Superficial fascia Tunica albuginea containing dartos of testis Scrotum muscle Internal spermatic Skin fascia Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 27.2 Testes Septa divide the testis into lobules Contain seminiferous tubules Site of sperm production Spermatogenesis Cells within tubules at various stages of development Spermatic cord Blood vessels and nerves Ductus (vas) deferens Head of epididymis Testis Efferent ductule Seminiferous tubule Rete testis Lobule Straight tubule Septum Tunica albuginea Body of epididymis Tunica vaginalis Duct of epididymis Cavity of Tail of epididymis tunica vaginalis (a) Figure 27.3a Seminiferous tubule (c) Interstitial cells Spermatogenic cells in tubule Areolar epithelium connective Myoid Sperm tissue cells Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 27.3c Ducts Direct sperm cells out of body 1. Epididymis 2. Ductus (vas) deferens 3. Ejaculatory duct 4. Urethra Spermatic cord Blood vessels and nerves Ductus (vas) deferens Head of epididymis Testis Efferent ductule Seminiferous tubule Rete testis Lobule Straight tubule Septum Tunica albuginea Body of epididymis Tunica vaginalis Duct of epididymis Cavity of Tail of epididymis tunica vaginalis (a) Figure 27.3a Ureter Urinary bladder Prostatic urethra Peritoneum Seminal Membranous vesicle urethra Ampulla of Urogenital ductus deferens diaphragm Pubis Ejaculatory Corpus duct cavernosum Rectum Corpus Prostate spongiosum Bulbourethral Spongy urethra gland Epididymis Anus Glans penis Bulb of penis Prepuce Ductus (vas) Testis External deferens Scrotum urethral orifice Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 27.1 Ducts Epididymis Final aspects of sperm development Stored until ejaculation Duct contracts moving sperm into the ductus deferens Ducts Ductus (vas) deferens Passes through the inguinal canal into abdomen Joins the duct of the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct Propels sperm to the urethra Vasectomy Cutting and ligating the ductus deferens Nearly 100% effective form of birth control Urinary bladder Superficial inguinal ring (end of inguinal canal) Testicular artery Spermatic cord Ductus (vas) deferens Penis Autonomic Middle septum of scrotum nerve fibers Pampiniform Cremaster muscle venous plexus External spermatic Epididymis fascia Tunica vaginalis (from peritoneum) Superficial fascia Tunica albuginea Scrotum containing dartos of testis muscle Internal spermatic Skin fascia Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 27.2 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Ducts Ejaculatory duct Right and left join in prostate gland Join urethra Ureter Urinary bladder Prostatic urethra Peritoneum Seminal Membranous vesicle urethra Ampulla of Urogenital ductus deferens diaphragm Pubis Ejaculatory Corpus duct cavernosum Rectum Corpus Prostate spongiosum Bulbourethral Spongy urethra gland Epididymis Anus Glans penis Bulb of penis Prepuce Ductus (vas) Testis External deferens Scrotum urethral orifice Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 27.1 Accessory Glands Semen Sperm + testicular fluid + accessory gland fluids Fluids nourishes and activate sperm Neutralizes acidity of urethra and vagina Glands Seminal vesicles Prostate gland Bubourethral glands Accessory Glands Seminal vesicles Produce viscous alkaline seminal fluid Fructose, coagulating enzyme 60-70% of the volume of semen Duct of seminal vesicle joins the ductus deferens to form the ejaculatory duct Ureter Urinary bladder Prostatic urethra Peritoneum Seminal Membranous vesicle urethra Ampulla of Urogenital ductus deferens diaphragm Pubis Ejaculatory Corpus duct cavernosum Rectum Corpus Prostate spongiosum Bulbourethral Spongy urethra gland Epididymis Anus Glans penis Bulb of penis Prepuce Ductus (vas) Testis External deferens Scrotum urethral orifice Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 27.1 Accessory Glands Prostate Encircles part of the urethra inferior to the bladder Secretes milky fluid Enzymes play a role in the activation of sperm Enters urethra during ejaculation Diseases Prostatitis Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) Prostate cancer Accessory Glands Bulbourethral glands Inferior to the prostate Secrete prior to ejaculation Thick, clear mucus Neutralizes traces of acidic urine in the urethra Helps neutralize acidity of vagina Lubricates the glans penis during intercourse Ureter Ampulla of ductus deferens Seminal vesicle Urinary bladder Ejaculatory duct Prostate Prostatic urethra Orifices of prostatic ducts Bulbourethral gland and duct Membranous urethra Urogenital diaphragm Bulb of penis Root of penis Crus of penis Bulbourethral duct opening Ductus deferens Corpora cavernosa Epididymis Corpus spongiosum Shaft (body) of penis Testis Section of (b) Spongy urethra Glans penis Prepuce (foreskin) (a) External urethral orifice Dorsal vessels Corpora cavernosa and nerves Urethra Skin Tunica albuginea of erectile bodies Deep arteries (b) Corpus spongiosum Figure 27.4 The Penis Structure Root and shaft End in the glans penis Prepuce (foreskin) Cuff of loose skin covering the glans Circumcision Surgical removal of the foreskin Ureter Ampulla of ductus deferens Seminal vesicle Urinary bladder Ejaculatory duct Prostate Prostatic urethra Orifices of prostatic ducts Bulbourethral gland and duct Membranous urethra Urogenital diaphragm Bulb of penis Root of penis Crus of penis Bulbourethral duct opening Ductus deferens Corpora cavernosa Epididymis Corpus spongiosum Shaft (body) of penis Testis Section of (b) Spongy urethra Glans penis Prepuce (foreskin) (a) External urethral orifice Dorsal vessels Corpora cavernosa and nerves Urethra Skin Tunica albuginea of erectile bodies Deep arteries (b) Corpus spongiosum Figure 27.4 The Penis Urethra Erection Erectile tissue fills with blood Causes the penis to enlarge and become rigid Parasympathetic reflex The Penis Ejaculation Propulsion of semen from the male duct system Sympathetic spinal reflex Ducts and accessory glands contract and empty their contents Bladder sphincter muscle constricts Prevents the expulsion of urine About 3 -5 ml of semen released 300 million sperm cells Few survive Counts below 20 million/ml = fertility problems The Penis Impotence Erectile dysfunction (ED) Physical abnormalities Psychological causes Affects 50% of American men over 40 to some degree Hormonal Function of the Testes Testosterone Produced by interstitial cells Functions Development of male reproductive system Completion of sperm maturation Secondary sexual characteristics Body hair Bone and muscle growth Aggressive behavior 1 GnRH Anterior Via portal pituitary blood 8 7 2 Inhibin 2 LH FSH Interstitial 3 4 cells 6 Testosterone Somatic and Sustentacular psychological cell effects at Spermatogenic 5 other body cells sites Seminiferous tubule Stimulates Inhibits Figure 27.9 .
Recommended publications
  • Reference Sheet 1

    Reference Sheet 1

    MALE SEXUAL SYSTEM 8 7 8 OJ 7 .£l"00\.....• ;:; ::>0\~ <Il '"~IQ)I"->. ~cru::>s ~ 6 5 bladder penis prostate gland 4 scrotum seminal vesicle testicle urethra vas deferens FEMALE SEXUAL SYSTEM 2 1 8 " \ 5 ... - ... j 4 labia \ ""\ bladderFallopian"k. "'"f"";".'''¥'&.tube\'WIT / I cervixt r r' \ \ clitorisurethrauterus 7 \ ~~ ;~f4f~ ~:iJ 3 ovaryvagina / ~ 2 / \ \\"- 9 6 adapted from F.L.A.S.H. Reproductive System Reference Sheet 3: GLOSSARY Anus – The opening in the buttocks from which bowel movements come when a person goes to the bathroom. It is part of the digestive system; it gets rid of body wastes. Buttocks – The medical word for a person’s “bottom” or “rear end.” Cervix – The opening of the uterus into the vagina. Circumcision – An operation to remove the foreskin from the penis. Cowper’s Glands – Glands on either side of the urethra that make a discharge which lines the urethra when a man gets an erection, making it less acid-like to protect the sperm. Clitoris – The part of the female genitals that’s full of nerves and becomes erect. It has a glans and a shaft like the penis, but only its glans is on the out side of the body, and it’s much smaller. Discharge – Liquid. Urine and semen are kinds of discharge, but the word is usually used to describe either the normal wetness of the vagina or the abnormal wetness that may come from an infection in the penis or vagina. Duct – Tube, the fallopian tubes may be called oviducts, because they are the path for an ovum.
  • Te2, Part Iii

    Te2, Part Iii

    TERMINOLOGIA EMBRYOLOGICA Second Edition International Embryological Terminology FIPAT The Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology A programme of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) TE2, PART III Contents Caput V: Organogenesis Chapter 5: Organogenesis (continued) Systema respiratorium Respiratory system Systema urinarium Urinary system Systemata genitalia Genital systems Coeloma Coelom Glandulae endocrinae Endocrine glands Systema cardiovasculare Cardiovascular system Systema lymphoideum Lymphoid system Bibliographic Reference Citation: FIPAT. Terminologia Embryologica. 2nd ed. FIPAT.library.dal.ca. Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology, February 2017 Published pending approval by the General Assembly at the next Congress of IFAA (2019) Creative Commons License: The publication of Terminologia Embryologica is under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0) license The individual terms in this terminology are within the public domain. Statements about terms being part of this international standard terminology should use the above bibliographic reference to cite this terminology. The unaltered PDF files of this terminology may be freely copied and distributed by users. IFAA member societies are authorized to publish translations of this terminology. Authors of other works that might be considered derivative should write to the Chair of FIPAT for permission to publish a derivative work. Caput V: ORGANOGENESIS Chapter 5: ORGANOGENESIS
  • A Handy Guide to the Male and Female Reproductive Tracts

    A Handy Guide to the Male and Female Reproductive Tracts

    BASICS OF LIFE BY LES SELLNOW eproduction in all species borders on the miraculous. at the reproductive organs of both the mare and the stallion How else can one describe a process where two infini- and discuss just how they function in their effort to produce Rtesimal entities, one from the male, the other from the another “miracle.” Once again, sources are too numerous to female, join forces to produce living, breathing offspring? mention, other than to say that much of the basic informa- Reproductive capability or success varies by species. Mice tion on reproduction available today stems from research at and rabbits, for example, are prolific producers of offspring. such institutions as Colorado State University, Texas A&M Horses, on the other hand, fall into a category where it is University, and the University of Minnesota. There are many much more chancy. others involved in reproductive research, but much of the in- When horses ran wild, this wasn’t a serious problem. There formation utilized in this article emanated from those three were so many of them that their numbers continued to ex- institutions. pand even though birth rate often was dictated by the avail- ability of food and water. Once the horse was domesticated, The Mare however, organized reproduction became the order of the We’ll begin with the mare because her role in the repro- day. Stables that depend on selling the offspring of stallions ductive process is more complicated than that of the stallion. and mares have an economic stake in breeding success. Yet, Basically, the mare serves four functions: the process continues to be less than perfect, with success 1) She produces eggs or ova; rates hovering in the 65-70% range, and sometimes lower.
  • MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Male Reproduc�Ve System

    MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Male ReproducVe System

    Human Anatomy Unit 3 MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Male Reproducve System • Gonads = testes – primary organ responsible for sperm producon – development/ maintenance of secondary sex characteriscs • Gametes = sperm Male Reproducve System Anatomy of the Testes • Tunica albuginea • Seminiferous tubules – highly coiled – sealed by the blood tess barrier – Site of sperm producon • located in tescular lobules Anatomy of the Testes Histology of the Testes • Intersal cells of Leydig – Intersal endocrinocytes – Located between seminiferous tubules – testosterone • Sertoli cells – Nursing cells or sustentacular cells – form the blood tess barrier – support sperm development Development of Sperm • Sperm formed by two processes – meiosis • Cell division resulng in cells with genecally varied cells with only one complete set of DNA (remember…our cells have two complete sets!) – spermatogenesis • morphological changes as sperm develop in tubule system • 64 days in humans – Can survive 3 days in female reproducve tract Development of Sperm The Long and Winding Road… • Seminiferous tubules • Rete tess • Epididymis • Vas deferens • Ejaculatory duct • Prostac urethra • Membranous urethra • Penile urethra The Epididymis • Sperm “swim school” • Comma shaped organ that arches over the posterior and lateral side of the tess • Stores spermatozoa unl ejaculaon or absorpon • Sperm stored for up to 2 weeks Vas Deferens • Extends from the epididymis • Passes posterior to the urinary bladder • Meets the spermac blood vessels to become the spermac cord • Enters
  • 1 Male Checklist Male Reproductive System Components of the Male

    1 Male Checklist Male Reproductive System Components of the Male

    Male Checklist Male Reproductive System Components of the male Testes; accessory glands and ducts; the penis; and reproductive system the scrotum. Functions of the male The male reproductive system produces sperm cells that reproductive system can be transferred to the female, resulting in fertilization and the formation of a new individual. It also produces sex hormones responsible for the normal development of the adult male body and sexual behavior. Penis The penis functions as the common outlet for semen (sperm cells and glandular secretions) and urine. The penis is also the male copulatory organ, containing tissue that can fill with blood resulting in erection of the penis. Prepuce A fold of skin over the distal end of the penis. Circumcision is the surgical removal of the prepuce. Corpus spongiosum A spongy body consisting of erectile tissue. It surrounds the urethra. Sexual excitement can cause erectile tissue to fill with blood. As a result, the penis becomes erect. Glans penis The expanded, distal end of the corpus spongiosum. It is also called the head of the penis. Bulb of the penis The proximal end of the corpus spongiosum. Bulbospongiosus muscle One of two skeletal muscles surrounding the bulb of the penis. At the end of urination, contraction of the bulbospongiosus muscles forces any remaining urine out of the urethra. During ejaculation, contractions of the bulbospongiosus muscles ejects semen from the penis. Contraction of the bulbospongiosus muscles compresses the corpus spongiosum, helping to maintain an erection. Corpus cavernosum One of two spongy bodies consisting of erectile tissue that (pl., corpora cavernosa) form the sides and front of the penis.
  • GERONTOLOGICAL NURSE PRACTITIONER Review and Resource M Anual

    GERONTOLOGICAL NURSE PRACTITIONER Review and Resource M Anual

    13 Male Reproductive System Disorders Vaunette Fay, PhD, RN, FNP-BC, GNP-BC GERIATRIC APPRoACH Normal Changes of Aging Male Reproductive System • Decreased testosterone level leads to increased estrogen-to-androgen ratio • Testicular atrophy • Decreased sperm motility; fertility reduced but extant • Increased incidence of gynecomastia Sexual function • Slowed arousal—increased time to achieve erection • Erection less firm, shorter lasting • Delayed ejaculation and decreased forcefulness at ejaculation • Longer interval to achieving subsequent erection Prostate • By fourth decade of life, stromal fibrous elements and glandular tissue hypertrophy, stimulated by dihydrotestosterone (DHT, the active androgen within the prostate); hyperplastic nodules enlarge in size, ultimately leading to urethral obstruction 398 GERONTOLOGICAL NURSE PRACTITIONER Review and Resource M anual Clinical Implications History • Many men are overly sensitive about complaints of the male genitourinary system; men are often not inclined to initiate discussion, seek help; important to take active role in screening with an approach that is open, trustworthy, and nonjudgmental • Sexual function remains important to many men, even at ages over 80 • Lack of an available partner, poor health, erectile dysfunction, medication adverse effects, and lack of desire are the main reasons men do not continue to have sex • Acute and chronic alcohol use can lead to impotence in men • Nocturia is reported in 66% of patients over 65 – Due to impaired ability to concentrate urine, reduced
  • Anterior Abdominal Wall (Continue)

    Anterior Abdominal Wall (Continue)

    Anterior rami (T7 – L1) . T7-T11 called intercostal nerves. T12 called subcostal nerve. L1 through lumber plexus i.e. ilio inguinal & ilio hypogastric nerves T7……. Epigastrum T10……Umblicus L1…Above inguinal ligament & symphysis pubis. Arterial: Upper mid line: superior epigastric artery (internal thoracic artery). Lower mid line: inferior epigastric artery (external iliac artery). Flanks: supplied by branches from intercostal artery, lumbar artery & deep circumflex iliac artery. Venous: all venous blood collected into a plexus of veins that radiate from umbilicus toward: : Above : to lateral thoracic vein then to axillary vein. Below : to superficial epigastric & greater saphenous veins then to femoral vein. Lymphatic Of Anterior abdominal Wall: Above umbilicus : drain into anterior axillary lymph nodes. Below umbilicus: drain in to superficial inguinal nodes 1)External oblique muscle. 2) Internal oblique muscle. 3) Transversus abdominis 4)Rectus abdominis. 5) Pyramidalis. Origin: The outer surface of lower 8 ribs then directed forward & downward to its insertion. Upper four slip interdigitate with seratus anterior muscle. Lower four slip interdigitate with latissimus dorsi muscle . Insertions: As a flat aponeurosis into: * Xiphoid process. * Linea alba * Pubic crest. * Pubic tubercle. * Anterior half of iliac crest . Internal Oblique Muscle: Origin : * Lumber fascia * Anterior 2/3 of iliac crest. * Lateral 2/3 of inguinal ligament. Insertion: The fibers passes upward & foreword & inserted to lower 3 ribs & their costal cartilages, xiphoid process, linea alba & symphysis pubis. Conjoint Tendon: Form from lower tendon of internal oblique joined to similar tendon from transversus abdominis . Its is attached medially to linea alba ,pubic crest & pectineal line but has a lateral free border. The spermatic cord, as it passes below this muscle, it gains a muscular cover called " Cremaster muscle " which composed of muscle & fascia.
  • Male Reproductive System 2

    Male Reproductive System 2

    Male Reproductive System 2 1. Excretory genital ducts 2. The ductus (vas) deferens and seminal vesicles 3. The prostate 4. The bulbourethral (Cowper’s) glands 5. The penis 6. The scrotum and spermatic cord SPLANCHNOLOGY Male reproductive system ° Male reproductive system, systema genitalia masculina: V a part of the human reproductive process ° Male reproductive organs, organa genitalia masculina: V internal genital organs: testicle, testis epididymis, epididymis ductus deferens, ductus (vas) deferens seminal vesicle, vesicula seminalis ejaculatory duct, ductus ejaculatorius prostate gland, prostata V external genital organs: penis, penis scrotum, scrotum bulbourethral glands, glandulae bulbourethrales Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 2 SPLANCHNOLOGY Ductus (vas) deferens ° Ductus (vas) deferens: V a straight thick-walled muscular tube V transports sperm cells from the epididymis V length 45-50 cm V diameter 2.5-3 mm ° Anatomical parts: V testicular part V funicular part V inguinal part – 4 cm V pelvic part ° Ampulla ductus deferentis: V length 3-4 cm; diameter 1 cm V ejaculatory duct, ductus ejaculatorius Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 3 SPLANCHNOLOGY Microscopic anatomy ° tunica mucosa – 5-6 longitudinal folds: V lamina epithelialis – bilayered columnar epithelium with stereocilia V lamina propria: dense connective tissue elastic fibers ° tunica muscularis – thick: V inner longitudinal layer – in the initial portion V circular layer V outer longitudinal layer ° tunica adventitia (serosa) Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 4 SPLANCHNOLOGY Seminal vesicle, vesicula seminalis ° Seminal vesicle, vesicula (glandula) seminalis: V a pair of simple tubular glands – two highly tortuous tubes V posterior to the urinary bladder V length 4-5 (15) cm V diameter 1 cm ° Macroscopic anatomy: V anterior and posterior part V excretory duct Prof.
  • Vocabulario De Morfoloxía, Anatomía E Citoloxía Veterinaria

    Vocabulario De Morfoloxía, Anatomía E Citoloxía Veterinaria

    Vocabulario de Morfoloxía, anatomía e citoloxía veterinaria (galego-español-inglés) Servizo de Normalización Lingüística Universidade de Santiago de Compostela COLECCIÓN VOCABULARIOS TEMÁTICOS N.º 4 SERVIZO DE NORMALIZACIÓN LINGÜÍSTICA Vocabulario de Morfoloxía, anatomía e citoloxía veterinaria (galego-español-inglés) 2008 UNIVERSIDADE DE SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA VOCABULARIO de morfoloxía, anatomía e citoloxía veterinaria : (galego-español- inglés) / coordinador Xusto A. Rodríguez Río, Servizo de Normalización Lingüística ; autores Matilde Lombardero Fernández ... [et al.]. – Santiago de Compostela : Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Servizo de Publicacións e Intercambio Científico, 2008. – 369 p. ; 21 cm. – (Vocabularios temáticos ; 4). - D.L. C 2458-2008. – ISBN 978-84-9887-018-3 1.Medicina �������������������������������������������������������������������������veterinaria-Diccionarios�������������������������������������������������. 2.Galego (Lingua)-Glosarios, vocabularios, etc. políglotas. I.Lombardero Fernández, Matilde. II.Rodríguez Rio, Xusto A. coord. III. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Servizo de Normalización Lingüística, coord. IV.Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Servizo de Publicacións e Intercambio Científico, ed. V.Serie. 591.4(038)=699=60=20 Coordinador Xusto A. Rodríguez Río (Área de Terminoloxía. Servizo de Normalización Lingüística. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela) Autoras/res Matilde Lombardero Fernández (doutora en Veterinaria e profesora do Departamento de Anatomía e Produción Animal.
  • The Human Foreskin the Foreskin Is Not an Optional Extra for a Man’S Body, Or an Accident

    The Human Foreskin the Foreskin Is Not an Optional Extra for a Man’S Body, Or an Accident

    The Human Foreskin The foreskin is not an optional extra for a man’s body, or an accident. It is an integral, functioning, important component of a man’s penis. An eye does not function properly without an eyelid – and nor does a penis without its foreskin. Among other things, the foreskin provides: Protection The foreskin fully covers the glans (head) of the flaccid penis, thereby protecting it from damage and harsh rubbing against abrasive agents (underwear, etc.) and maintaining its sensitivity Sexual Sensitivity The foreskin provides direct sexual pleasure in its own right, as it contains the highest concentration of nerve endings on the penis Lubrication The foreskin, with its unique mucous membrane, permanently lubricates the glans, thus improving sensitivity and aiding smoother intercourse Skin-Gliding During Erection The foreskin facilitates the gliding movement of the skin of the penis up and down the penile shaft and over the glans during erection and sexual activity Varied Sexual Sensation The foreskin facilitates direct stimulation of the glans during sexual activity by its interactive contact with the sensitive glans Immunological Defense The foreskin helps clean and protect the glans via the secretion of anti-bacterial agents What circumcision takes away The foreskin is at the heart of male sexuality. Circumcision almost always results in a diminution of sexual sensitivity; largely because removing the foreskin cuts away the most nerve-rich part of the penis (up to 80% of the penis’s nerve endings reside in the foreskin) [1]. The following anatomy is amputated with circumcision: The Taylor “ridged band” (sometimes called the “frenar band”), the primary erogenous zone of the male body.
  • Morphology of the Male Reproductive Tract in the Water Scavenger Beetle Tropisternus Collaris Fabricius, 1775 (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)

    Morphology of the Male Reproductive Tract in the Water Scavenger Beetle Tropisternus Collaris Fabricius, 1775 (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)

    Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 65(2):e20210012, 2021 Morphology of the male reproductive tract in the water scavenger beetle Tropisternus collaris Fabricius, 1775 (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) Vinícius Albano Araújo1* , Igor Luiz Araújo Munhoz2, José Eduardo Serrão3 1Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade (NUPEM), Macaé, RJ, Brasil. 2Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil. 3Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Viçosa, MG, Brasil. ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Members of the Hydrophilidae, one of the largest families of aquatic insects, are potential models for the Received 07 February 2021 biomonitoring of freshwater habitats and global climate change. In this study, we describe the morphology of Accepted 19 April 2021 the male reproductive tract in the water scavenger beetle Tropisternus collaris. The reproductive tract in sexually Available online 12 May 2021 mature males comprised a pair of testes, each with at least 30 follicles, vasa efferentia, vasa deferentia, seminal Associate Editor: Marcela Monné vesicles, two pairs of accessory glands (a bean-shaped pair and a tubular pair with a forked end), and an ejaculatory duct. Characters such as the number of testicular follicles and accessory glands, as well as their shape, origin, and type of secretion, differ between Coleoptera taxa and have potential to help elucidate reproductive strategies and Keywords: the evolutionary history of the group. Accessory glands Hydrophilid Polyphaga Reproductive system Introduction Coleoptera is the most diverse group of insects in the current fauna, The evolutionary history of Coleoptera diversity (Lawrence et al., with about 400,000 described species and still thousands of new species 1995; Lawrence, 2016) has been grounded in phylogenies with waiting to be discovered (Slipinski et al., 2011; Kundrata et al., 2019).
  • The Male Body

    The Male Body

    Fact Sheet The Male Body What is the male What is the epididymis? reproductive system? The epididymis is a thin highly coiled tube (duct) A man’s fertility and sexual characteristics depend that lies at the back of each testis and connects on the normal functioning of the male reproductive the seminiferous tubules in the testis to another system. A number of individual organs act single tube called the vas deferens. together to make up the male reproductive 1 system; some are visible, such as the penis and the 6 scrotum, whereas some are hidden within the body. The brain also has an important role in controlling 7 12 reproductive function. 2 8 1 11 What are the testes? 3 6 The testes (testis: singular) are a pair of egg 9 7 12 shaped glands that sit in the scrotum next to the 2 8 base of the penis on the outside of the body. In 4 10 11 adult men, each testis is normally between 15 and 3 35 mL in volume. The testes are needed for the 5 male reproductive system to function normally. 9 The testes have two related but separate roles: 4 10 • to make sperm 5 1 Bladder • to make testosterone. 2 Vas deferens The testes develop inside the abdomen in the 3 Urethra male fetus and then move down (descend) into the scrotum before or just after birth. The descent 4 Penis of the testes is important for fertility as a cooler 5 Scrotum temperature is needed to make sperm and for 16 BladderSeminal vesicle normal testicular function.