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Home , Body of penis, Bulbourethral gland, Cremaster muscle, Dartos, Ejaculatory duct, Epididymis

The

The Part 1 Introduction  Functions  Production of gametes  Method for transfer of spermatozoa to ovum  Fertilization  Stable environment for protection and development of zygote Reproductive System  Primary sex organs  Testes and  Produce sex cells (gametes)  Secrete sex hormones  (males)  Estrogens and progesterone (females)  Accessory reproductive organs  Ducts   External genitalia Male Reproductive System  Testes  Ducts  Accessory glands   Hormonal function of the testis Prostatic Seminal Membranous vesicle urethra Ampulla of Urogenital ductus deferens diaphragm Ejaculatory Corpus cavernosum Corpus spongiosum Bulbourethral penis Bulb of penis Prepuce Ductus (vas) Testis External deferens urethral orifice

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 27.1 Testes  Reside in scrotum  Paired, located outside of body  Descend into scrotum through inguinal 

Urinary bladder Superficial inguinal ring (end of ) Testicular Ductus (vas) deferens Penis Autonomic Middle septum of scrotum fibers Pampiniform venous plexus External spermatic Epididymis (from peritoneum) Superficial fascia containing of testis Scrotum muscle Internal spermatic fascia

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 27.2 Testes  Septa divide the testis into lobules  Contain seminiferous  Site of production   Cells within tubules at various stages of development Spermatic cord

Blood vessels and

Ductus (vas) deferens Head of epididymis Testis Efferent ductule Seminiferous Lobule Straight tubule Septum Tunica albuginea Body of epididymis Tunica vaginalis Duct of epididymis Cavity of Tail of epididymis tunica vaginalis (a)

Figure 27.3a

(c) Interstitial cells Spermatogenic cells in tubule Areolar connective Myoid Sperm tissue cells

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 27.3c Ducts  Direct sperm cells out of body 1. Epididymis 2. Ductus (vas) deferens 3. 4. Urethra Spermatic cord

Blood vessels and nerves

Ductus (vas) deferens Head of epididymis Testis Efferent ductule Seminiferous tubule Rete testis Lobule Straight tubule Septum Tunica albuginea Body of epididymis Tunica vaginalis Duct of epididymis Cavity of Tail of epididymis tunica vaginalis (a)

Figure 27.3a Ureter Urinary bladder Peritoneum Seminal Membranous vesicle urethra Ampulla of Urogenital ductus deferens diaphragm Pubis Ejaculatory Corpus duct cavernosum Rectum Corpus Prostate spongiosum Bulbourethral Spongy urethra gland Epididymis Anus Bulb of penis Prepuce Ductus (vas) Testis External deferens Scrotum urethral orifice

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 27.1 Ducts  Epididymis  Final aspects of sperm development  Stored until  Duct contracts moving sperm into the ductus deferens Ducts  Ductus (vas) deferens  Passes through the inguinal canal into  Joins the duct of the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct  Propels sperm to the urethra   Cutting and ligating the ductus deferens  Nearly 100% effective form of Urinary bladder Superficial inguinal ring (end of inguinal canal) Spermatic cord Ductus (vas) deferens Penis Autonomic Middle septum of scrotum nerve fibers Pampiniform Cremaster muscle venous plexus External spermatic Epididymis fascia Tunica vaginalis (from peritoneum) Superficial fascia Tunica albuginea Scrotum containing dartos of testis muscle Internal spermatic Skin fascia

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 27.2 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Ducts  Ejaculatory duct  Right and left join in prostate gland  Join urethra

Ureter Urinary bladder Prostatic urethra Peritoneum Seminal Membranous vesicle urethra Ampulla of Urogenital ductus deferens diaphragm Pubis Ejaculatory Corpus duct cavernosum Rectum Corpus Prostate spongiosum Bulbourethral Spongy urethra gland Epididymis Anus Glans penis Bulb of penis Prepuce Ductus (vas) Testis External deferens Scrotum urethral orifice

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 27.1 Accessory Glands   Sperm + testicular fluid + accessory gland fluids  Fluids nourishes and activate sperm  Neutralizes acidity of urethra and  Glands   Prostate gland  Bubourethral glands

Accessory Glands  Seminal vesicles  Produce viscous alkaline seminal fluid  Fructose, coagulating enzyme  60-70% of the volume of semen  Duct of seminal vesicle joins the ductus deferens to form the ejaculatory duct Ureter Urinary bladder Prostatic urethra Peritoneum Seminal Membranous vesicle urethra Ampulla of Urogenital ductus deferens diaphragm Pubis Ejaculatory Corpus duct cavernosum Rectum Corpus Prostate spongiosum Bulbourethral Spongy urethra gland Epididymis Anus Glans penis Bulb of penis Prepuce Ductus (vas) Testis External deferens Scrotum urethral orifice

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 27.1 Accessory Glands  Prostate  Encircles part of the urethra inferior to the bladder  Secretes milky fluid  Enzymes play a role in the activation of sperm  Enters urethra during ejaculation  Diseases   Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)  Prostate

Accessory Glands  Bulbourethral glands  Inferior to the prostate  Secrete prior to ejaculation  Thick, clear mucus  Neutralizes traces of acidic in the urethra  Helps neutralize acidity of vagina  Lubricates the glans penis during intercourse

Ureter

Ampulla of ductus deferens

Seminal vesicle Urinary bladder Ejaculatory duct Prostate Prostatic urethra Orifices of and duct Bulb of penis Crus of penis Bulbourethral duct opening Ductus deferens Corpora cavernosa Epididymis Corpus spongiosum Shaft (body) of penis Testis Section of (b) Spongy urethra

Glans penis Prepuce () (a) External urethral orifice

Dorsal vessels Corpora cavernosa and nerves Urethra Skin Tunica albuginea of erectile bodies Deep (b) Corpus spongiosum

Figure 27.4 The Penis

 Structure  Root and shaft  End in the glans penis  Prepuce (foreskin)  Cuff of loose skin covering the glans   Surgical removal of the foreskin Ureter

Ampulla of ductus deferens

Seminal vesicle Urinary bladder Ejaculatory duct Prostate Prostatic urethra Orifices of prostatic ducts Bulbourethral gland and duct Membranous urethra Urogenital diaphragm Bulb of penis Root of penis Crus of penis Bulbourethral duct opening Ductus deferens Corpora cavernosa Epididymis Corpus spongiosum Shaft (body) of penis Testis Section of (b) Spongy urethra

Glans penis Prepuce (foreskin) (a) External urethral orifice

Dorsal vessels Corpora cavernosa and nerves Urethra Skin Tunica albuginea of erectile bodies Deep arteries (b) Corpus spongiosum

Figure 27.4 The Penis  Urethra   Erectile tissue fills with blood  Causes the penis to enlarge and become rigid  Parasympathetic reflex The Penis

 Ejaculation  Propulsion of semen from the male duct system  Sympathetic spinal reflex  Ducts and accessory glands contract and empty their contents  Bladder sphincter muscle constricts  Prevents the expulsion of urine  About 3 -5 ml of semen released  300 million sperm cells  Few survive  Counts below 20 million/ml = problems The Penis  Impotence  (ED)  Physical abnormalities  Psychological causes  Affects 50% of American men over 40 to some degree Hormonal Function of the Testes   Produced by interstitial cells  Functions  Development of male reproductive system  Completion of sperm maturation  Secondary  Body and muscle growth  Aggressive behavior 1

GnRH Anterior Via portal pituitary blood

8 7 2 Inhibin 2 LH FSH Interstitial 3 4 cells 6 Testosterone Somatic and Sustentacular psychological cell effects at Spermatogenic 5 other body cells sites

Seminiferous tubule Stimulates Inhibits

Figure 27.9