DOCSLIB.ORG

HISTORY of the 9Th Bombardment Group (VH)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
HISTORY of the 9Th Bombardment Group (VH) Page i Prologue HISTORY of the 9th Bombardment Group (VH) 1st, 5th, And 99th Squadrons as a B-29 Superfortress Unit In World War II In Training at McCook AAF, Nebraska and In Combat as a Unit of the 313th Bombardment Wing On Tinian Island In The Marianas under the XXI Bomber Command of the 20th Air Force United States Army Air Forces Page ii 9th Bombardment Group (VH) History Lawrence S. Smith Historian, 9th Bomb Group Association Published 1995 by The 9th Bomb Group Association 296 Mercer Road Princeton, N.J. 08540 Library of Congress #95-070747 Cross References: 1. World War II 2. Strategic Air Warfare in World War II 3. Strategic Air Offensive Against Japan 4. The B-29 Superfortress 5. The Aerial Mining Campaign Against Japan 6. The Use of the Atomic Bombs Cover painting by Aviation Artist, Jack R. Crescenzi Painting commissioned by William L. Wienert, 5th Sqdn. Page iii Figure iii. 9th Bomb Group Emblem 9th BOMBARDMENT GROUP This emblem was approved in 1924. The motto SEMPER PARATUS is Always Ready. The emblem’s official significance The shield contains the old colors of the Air Service (vert and sable), parted by a wavy line representing the Rio Grade and with a gold band containing four black crosses represent- ing the four World War I offensives in 1918 in which the 1st and 99th Sqadrons of the group were involved. The crest, consisting of a rattlesnake entwined about a prickly pear cactus, recalls the group’s 1st Squadron’s combat service in Mexico in 1916-17. Page iv Figure 0iv-a. 1st Bomb Squadron Figure 0iv-b. 5th Bomb Squadron 1st Bombardment Squadron 5th Bombardment Squadron This emblem was approved in 1931. Its official This emblem was approved in 1924. significance: The caveman represents the beginning No written statement of its significance which is symbolical of this being the first squad- was recorded. When it was approved it ron of the Air Service. The caveman’s posture rep- was for the 5th as an observation squad- resents observation (which the squadron was ron; hence, it seems reasonable to assume origiginally so designated) and is symbolical of that the owl, moon, and telescope all sym- man’s eternal look forward with hope and desire to bolize that mission. and that the five stars future accomplish-ments. The five rays of the sun represent the unit's numerical designation. represent the five campaigns during World War I and the crosses the confirmed air-to-air combat vic- tories in that war. Figure 0iv-c. 99th BombSquadron 99th Bombardment Squadron This emblem was approved in 1924. No written statement of its significance was recorded. It seems to assume that the charging buffalo represents the spirit of the squadron. Page v Figure 00v. Map of the Western Pacific region Western Pacific Area Page vi Figure 0vi. Tinian Marianas - 1945 Page vii Contents EMBLEMS .............................................................................................................III & IV MAP OF THE WESTERN PACIFIC ................................................................................... V MAP OF TINIAN ISLAND.............................................................................................. VI FOREWORD ................................................................................................................... IX DEDICATION ................................................................................................................. XI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .............................................................................................. XIII PREFACE: PRE-B-29 HISTORY OF 9TH GP. & 1ST, 5TH, & 99TH SQDNS. ..................XV CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION: BACKGROUND AND ANALYSIS ....................................... 1 CHAPTER 2. CHRONOLOGY OF RELEVANT MAJOR EVENTS ....................................... 13 CHAPTER 3. GROUP COMMANDER’S REMINISCENCES ................................................ 17 CHAPTER 4. PERSONNEL ............................................................................................. 35 CHAPTER 5. AIR CREWS .............................................................................................. 73 CHAPTER 6. MISSION PROCEDURES & AN ILLUSTRATIVE SORTIE ........................... 113 CHAPTER 7. MISSION DESCRIPTIONS & DATA .......................................................... 131 CHAPTER 8. MISSION PARTICIPANTS ......................................................................... 145 CHAPTER 9. THE B-29 SUPERFORTRESS ................................................................... 165 CHAPTER 10. AIRCRAFT AND NOSE ART ................................................................. 169 CHAPTER 11. PRESIDENTIAL UNIT CITATIONS ......................................................... 193 CHAPTER 12. CASUALTIES AND MEMORIALS ........................................................... 195 CHAPTER 13. REUNIONS ........................................................................................... 205 CHAPTER 14. ANECDOTES ......................................................................................... 211 POSTSCRIPT: 9TH GROUP SINCE WORLD WAR II ..................................................... 325 APPENDICES: A. BIBLIOGRAPHY .............................................................................................. 327 B. GLOSSARY ...................................................................................................... 328 C. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES .............................................................................. 331 D. AIR-SEA RESCUE REPORTS ............................................................................. 355 Page viii Page ix Foreword This history is a segment of the history of World War II. It is focused on the 9th Bombardment Group (VH) as a B-29 unit in the strategic air campaign against Japan in that war. But it also includes descriptions of the context in which this group’s personnel, equipment, and combat operations functioned, both historically and, to some degree, in relation to other military forces in that war. This history has been written primarily for the remembrances of, and tribute to, the 2900 plus men who served in the 9th Group between April l944 and September 1945. It is also for the interest of the families of their generation and of future generations, to help them to know about and appreciate the trials, tribulations, tragedies, and triumphs that these men of the 9th experienced, and their contributions to the victory over Japan in World War II. Page x Page xi Dedication This history is dedicated to the memory of those who gave their lives in the service of our country who were members of: •Our 9th Group. •The Marine and Army Divisions which captured Tinian Island, the Marine Divisions which captured Iwo Jima, and the Navy Seabees and Army Engineers who built our air base on North Tinian and the vital emergency airfield on Iwo Jima. •The VIIth Fighter Command based on Iwo Jima whose P-51 pilots accompa- nied man;y of our daylight missions over Japan and helped us deal with the Japanese fighters attacxking our bombers. Note: To honor the Fifth Marine Division—and through them all the Ma- rines—for their key role in the capture of Iwo Jima, the B-29 depicted on the back cover was given the name and insignia, The Spearhead of that division. (This B-29 was assigned to Captain David Rogan’s crew of the 1st Squadron.) Page xii Page xiii Acknowledgements This history has been written as a combined effort of many members of the 9th Group. The central figure has been the Group Historian, Lawrence S. Smith. Maurice I. Ashland was his right-hand man and dedicated helper throughout. Herbert W. Hobler made major contributions to the whole process. Henry C. Huglin wrote Chapters 1, Introduction, Historical Background and Analysis and 3, Group Commander’s Reminiscences. He also researched and drafted the Foreword, Dedication, Preface, Postscript, and the other chapters, except: 4, Personnel; 5, Air Crews ; 10, Aircraft and Nose Art; and 14, Anecdotes. Erwin Vernon, who has maintained the active roster and list of deceased, has prepared the personnel listing in Chapter 4. Robert Hunt drafted articles for the personnel chapter, while continuing to locate new members. Francis Gulling researched the aircraft histories for Chapter 10. Chaplain Richard P. Chambers “Creative Remembering,” which was read by him at the Tucson reunion, comprises a major part of Chapter 10, Casualties and Memorials. The anecdotes in Chapter 14 and many photos, including aircraft nose art, have been compiled from contributions from many group, and some family, members Bonnie Chiravalle provided expert computer services, including coordinating and input- ting all sources into a composite book, augmented by Virginia Smith and Deborah Vanasek. Other contributors were: • The Air Force Historical Research Agency, Maxwell AFB, Alabama, for the valu- able information from the microfilm files of the 9th Group wartime records and the group’s and squadrons’ emblems and histories pre-and post-World War II • Andrew J. Chakires, Ventura, CA, editing and word processing biographies •William R. Barnhart, Sun City, AZ, photographic printing • Donald Dacier, Hudson, MA, word processing Anecdotes Chapter • Cathy Holmes, Albuquerque, NM, setup and word processing Mission Participants Chapter • Alwlyn T. Lloyd, Bellevue, WA, B-29 photos • Chester Marshall, editor of The Global Twentieth series, permission for reproduc- tion of the submissions by members of the 9th Group published in that series • Kenneth Nicoles,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Smithsonian and the Enola Gay: the Crew
    AFA’s Enola Gay Controversy Archive Collection www.airforcemag.com The Smithsonian and the Enola Gay From the Air Force Association’s Enola Gay Controversy archive collection Online at www.airforcemag.com The Crew The Commander Paul Warfield Tibbets was born in Quincy, Ill., Feb. 23, 1915. He joined the Army in 1937, became an aviation cadet, and earned his wings and commission in 1938. In the early years of World War II, Tibbets was an outstanding B-17 pilot and squadron commander in Europe. He was chosen to be a test pilot for the B-29, then in development. In September 1944, Lt. Col. Tibbets was picked to organize and train a unit to deliver the atomic bomb. He was promoted to colonel in January 1945. In May 1945, Tibbets took his unit, the 509th Composite Group, to Tinian, from where it flew the atomic bomb missions against Japan in August. After the war, Tibbets stayed in the Air Force. One of his assignments was heading the bomber requirements branch at the Pentagon during the development of the B-47 jet bomber. He retired as a brigadier general in 1966. In civilian life, he rose to chairman of the board of Executive Jet Aviation in Columbus, Ohio, retiring from that post in 1986. At the dedication of the National Air and Space Museum’s Udvar- Hazy Center in December 2003, the 88-year-old Tibbets stood in front of the restored Enola Gay, shaking hands and receiving the high regard of visitors. (Col. Paul Tibbets in front of the Enola Gay—US Air Force photo) The Enola Gay Crew Airplane Crew Col.
    [Show full text]
  • The Reich Wreckers: an Analysis of the 306Th Bomb Group During World War II 5B
    AU/ACSC/514-15/1998-04 AIR COMMAND AND STAFF COLLEGE AIR UNIVERSITY THE REICH WRECKERS: AN ANALYSIS OF THE 306TH BOMB GROUP DURING WORLD WAR II by Charles J. Westgate III, Major, USAF A Research Report Submitted to the Faculty In Partial Fulfillment of the Graduation Requirements Advisor: Dr. Richard R. Muller Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama April 1998 REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burder for this collection of information is estibated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burder to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED (FROM - TO) 01-04-1998 Thesis xx-xx-1998 to xx-xx-1998 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER The Reich Wreckers: An Analysis of the 306th Bomb Group During World War II 5b. GRANT NUMBER Unclassified 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d.
    [Show full text]
  • Bendheim Senior Thesis Department of History, Columbia University
    INCENDIARY WARS: The Transformation of United States Air Force Bombing Policy in the WWII Pacific Theater Gilad Bendheim Senior Thesis Department of History, Columbia University Faculty Advisor: Professor Mark Mazower Second Reader: Professor Alan Brinkley INCENDIARY WARS 1 Note to the Reader: For the purposes of this essay, I have tried to adhere to a few conventions to make the reading easier. When referring specifically to a country’s aerial military organization, I capitalize the name Air Force. Otherwise, when simply discussing the concept in the abstract, I write it as the lower case air force. In accordance with military standards, I also capitalize the entire name of all code names for operations (OPERATION MATTERHORN or MATTERHORN). Air Force’s names are written out (Twentieth Air Force), the bomber commands are written in Roman numerals (XX Bomber Command, or simply XX), while combat groups are given Arabic numerals (305th Bomber Group). As the story shifts to the Mariana Islands, Twentieth Air Force and XXI Bomber Command are used interchangeably. Throughout, the acronyms USAAF and AAF are used to refer to the United States Army Air Force, while the abbreviation of Air Force as “AF” is used only in relation to a numbered Air Force (e.g. Eighth AF). Table of Contents: Introduction 3 Part I: The (Practical) Prophets 15 Part II: Early Operations Against Japan 43 Part III: The Road to MEETINGHOUSE 70 Appendix 107 Bibliography 108 INCENDIARY WARS 2 Introduction Curtis LeMay sat awake with his trademark cigar hanging loosely from his pursed ever-scowling lips (a symptom of his Bell’s Palsy, not his demeanor), with two things on his mind.
    [Show full text]
  • Inscribed 6 (2).Pdf
    Inscribed6 CONTENTS 1 1. AVIATION 33 2. MILITARY 59 3. NAVAL 67 4. ROYALTY, POLITICIANS, AND OTHER PUBLIC FIGURES 180 5. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 195 6. HIGH LATITUDES, INCLUDING THE POLES 206 7. MOUNTAINEERING 211 8. SPACE EXPLORATION 214 9. GENERAL TRAVEL SECTION 1. AVIATION including books from the libraries of Douglas Bader and “Laddie” Lucas. 1. [AITKEN (Group Captain Sir Max)]. LARIOS (Captain José, Duke of Lerma). Combat over Spain. Memoirs of a Nationalist Fighter Pilot 1936–1939. Portrait frontispiece, illustrations. First edition. 8vo., cloth, pictorial dust jacket. London, Neville Spearman. nd (1966). £80 A presentation copy, inscribed on the half title page ‘To Group Captain Sir Max AitkenDFC. DSO. Let us pray that the high ideals we fought for, with such fervent enthusiasm and sacrifice, may never be allowed to perish or be forgotten. With my warmest regards. Pepito Lerma. May 1968’. From the dust jacket: ‘“Combat over Spain” is one of the few first-hand accounts of the Spanish Civil War, and is the only one published in England to be written from the Nationalist point of view’. Lerma was a bomber and fighter pilot for the duration of the war, flying 278 missions. Aitken, the son of Lord Beaverbrook, joined the RAFVR in 1935, and flew Blenheims and Hurricanes, shooting down 14 enemy aircraft. Dust jacket just creased at the head and tail of the spine. A formidable Vic formation – Bader, Deere, Malan. 2. [BADER (Group Captain Douglas)]. DEERE (Group Captain Alan C.) DOWDING Air Chief Marshal, Lord), foreword. Nine Lives. Portrait frontispiece, illustrations. First edition.
    [Show full text]
  • Postal History Journal
    Postal History Journal NUMBER 164 JUNE 2016 P OSTAL H ISTORY J OURNAL, N O. 164, J UNE 2016 The Traveling Post Offi ces of Bolivia * Post Offi ces & Ranches of Alberta’s Porcupine Hills * 1792 Report of Mails Sent * Carried by the SS Sirius * Illustrated Letter Stationery of New York City Postal History Journal Published by the Postal History Society APS Affiliate No. 44 issued February, June, October. Annual dues $35 U.S., $40 Canada & Mexico $50 rest of world (or $15 for electronic journal, special to non U.S. members only) P.O. Box 482, East Schodack NY 12063, U.S.A. www.postalhistorysociety.org For this journal, the editors have been awarded the American Philatelic Congress Diane D. Boehret Award 2004 & 2014; gold medal & Prix d’Honneur, Canada’s 7th National Philatelic Literature Exhibition 2005; Grand Award Colopex 2005; Reserve Grand Stampshow 2015; gold medals Napex 2009, Colopex 2007, Chicagopex 2014, 2015, APS Stampshow 2009, 2015. NUMBER 164 ISSN 0032-5341 JUNE 2016 Editors: Diane DeBlois & Robert Dalton Harris, P.O. Box 477, West Sand Lake NY 12196, U.S.A. <[email protected]> Editorial Board: Yamil H. Kouri; Roger P. Quinby; Harlan F. Stone; Stephen S. Washburne; & U.S. Associate Editor: Kenneth Grant, E11960 Kessler Rd., Baraboo WI 53913 <kenneth. [email protected]> Foreign Associate Editor: Joseph J. Geraci, P.O. Box 4129, Merrifield VA 22116, U.S.A. <[email protected]> Advertising Manager: Michael Mead <[email protected] CONTENTS © Copyright Postal History Society 2016 RESEARCH FEATURES The TRAVELING POST OFFICES of BOLIVIA: The Antofagasta & Bolivia Railway, Inception & Consolidation 1873-1907 by Barry Hobbs ..................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Cosmos Club: a Self-Guided Tour of the Mansion
    Founded 1878 The Cosmos Club - A Self-Guided Tour of the Mansion – 2121 Massachusetts Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20008 Founders’ Objectives: “The advancement of its members in science, literature, and art,” and also “their mutual improvement by social intercourse.” he Cosmos Club was founded in 1878 in the home of John Wesley Powell, soldier and explorer, ethnologist and T Director of the Geological Survey. Powell’s vision was that the Club would be a center of good fellowship, one that embraced the sciences and the arts, where members could meet socially and exchange ideas, where vitality would grow from the mixture of disciplines, and a library would provide a refuge for thought and learning. www.cosmosclub.org Welcome to The Townsend Mansion This brochure is designed to guide you on a walking tour of the public rooms of the Clubhouse. Whether member or guest, please enjoy the beauty surrounding you and our hospitality. You stand within an historic mansion, replete with fine and decorative arts belonging to the Cosmos Club. The Townsend Mansion is the fifth home of the Cosmos Club. Within the Clubhouse, Presidents, members of Congress, ambassadors, Nobel Laureates, Pulitzer Prize winners, scientists, writers, and other distinguished individuals have expanded their minds, solved world problems, and discovered new ways to make contributions to humankind, just as the founders envisioned in 1878. The history of the Cosmos Club is present in every room, not as homage to the past, but as a celebration of its continuum serving as a reminder of its origins, its genius, and its distinction. ❖❖❖ A place for conscious, animated discussion A place for quiet, contemplation and research A place to free the mind through relaxation, music, art, and conviviality Or exercise the mind and match wits A place of discovery A haven of friendship… The Cosmos Club A Brief History The Townsend Mansion, home of the Cosmos Club since 1952, was originally built in 1873 by Judge Curtis J.
    [Show full text]
  • William Allen White Newspaper Editor ( 1868 - 1944 )
    William Allen White Newspaper editor ( 1868 - 1944 ) William Allen White was a renowned newspaper editor, politician, and author. Between the two world wars, White, known as the “Sage of Emporia,” became the iconic middle-American spokesman for millions throughout the United States. Born in Emporia, Kansas, White attended the College of Emporia and the University of Kansas. In 1892 he started work at The Kansas City Star as an editorial writer and a year later married Sallie Lindsay. In 1895, White purchased his hometown newspaper, the Emporia Gazette for $3,000. He burst on to the national scene with an August 16, 1896 editorial entitled “What’s the Matter With Kansas?” White developed a friendship with President THEODORE ROOSEVELT in the1890s that lasted until Roosevelt’s death in 1919. The two would be instrumental in forming the Progressive (Bull-Moose) Party in 1912 in opposition to the forces surrounding incumbent Republican president WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT. Later, White supported much of the New Deal, but opposed FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT in his first three Presidential elec- tions. White died before voting in the 1944 election. Courtesy of Kenneth Neill Despite differences with FDR, White agreed to Roosevelt’s request to help generate public support for the Allies before America’s entrance into World War II. White was fundamental in the formation of the Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies, sometimes known asthe White Committee. He spent much of his last three years involved with the committee. He won a 1923 Pulitzer Prize for an editorial he wrote after being arrest- ed in a dispute over free speech following objections to the way Kan- sas treated the workers who participated in the railroad strike of 1922.
    [Show full text]
  • Ops Block Battle of Britain: Ops Block
    Large print guide BATTLE OF BRITAIN Ops Block Battle of Britain: Ops Block This Operations Block (Ops Block) was the most important building on the airfield during the Battle of Britain in 1940. From here, Duxford’s fighter squadrons were directed into battle against the Luftwaffe. Inside, you will meet the people who worked in these rooms and helped to win the battle. Begin your visit in the cinema. Step into the cinema to watch a short film about the Battle of Britain. Duration: approximately 4 minutes DUXFORD ROOM Duxford’s Role The Battle of Britain was the first time that the Second World War was experienced by the British population. During the battle, Duxford supported the defence of London. Several squadrons flew out of this airfield. They were part of Fighter Command, which was responsible for defending Britain from the air. To coordinate defence, the Royal Air Force (RAF) divided Britain into geographical ‘groups’, subdivided into ‘sectors.’ Each sector had an airfield known as a ‘sector station’ with an Operations Room (Ops Room) that controlled its aircraft. Information about the location and number of enemy aircraft was communicated directly to each Ops Room. This innovative system became known as the Dowding System, named after its creator, Air Chief Marshal Sir Hugh Dowding, the head of Fighter Command. The Dowding System’s success was vital to winning the Battle of Britain. Fighter Command Group Layout August 1940 Duxford was located within ‘G’ sector, which was part of 12 Group. This group was primarily responsible for defending the industrial Midlands and the north of England, but also assisted with the defence of the southeast as required.
    [Show full text]
  • Planning of Nuclear Power Systems
    ASKO VUORINEN Planning of Nuclear Power Systems To Save the Planet Ekoenergo Oy August, 2011 The nuclear power could generate 27 % of electricity by 2050 and 34 % by 2075. Nuclear electricity generation can make the biggest change in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and it would be possible to limit the global temperature increase to 2 degrees Celsius by the year 2100. 1 Copyright © 2011 Ekoenergo Oy Lokirinne 8 A 25, 02320 Espoo, Finland Telephone (+358) 440451022 The book is available for internet orders www.optimalpowersystems.com Email (for orders and customer service enquires): [email protected] All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, scanning or otherwise, except under terms of copyright, without the permission in writing of the Publisher. Requests to the publisher should be addressed to Ekoenergo Oy, Lokirinne 8 A 25, 02320 Espoo, Finland or emailed to [email protected]. Comments to the author can be sent directly to [email protected]. Cover page: the Planet and Atoms. Created by my son Architect Teo-Tuomas Vuorinen 2 Table of Contents PREFACE ....................................................................................................................................................................... 13 .ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The US Army Air Forces in WWII
    DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE HEADQUARTERS UNITED STATES AIR FORCE Air Force Historical Studies Office 28 June 2011 Errata Sheet for the Air Force History and Museum Program publication: With Courage: the United States Army Air Forces in WWII, 1994, by Bernard C. Nalty, John F. Shiner, and George M. Watson. Page 215 Correct: Second Lieutenant Lloyd D. Hughes To: Second Lieutenant Lloyd H. Hughes Page 218 Correct Lieutenant Hughes To: Second Lieutenant Lloyd H. Hughes Page 357 Correct Hughes, Lloyd D., 215, 218 To: Hughes, Lloyd H., 215, 218 Foreword In the last decade of the twentieth century, the United States Air Force commemorates two significant benchmarks in its heritage. The first is the occasion for the publication of this book, a tribute to the men and women who served in the U.S. Army Air Forces during World War 11. The four years between 1991 and 1995 mark the fiftieth anniversary cycle of events in which the nation raised and trained an air armada and com- mitted it to operations on a scale unknown to that time. With Courage: U.S.Army Air Forces in World War ZZ retells the story of sacrifice, valor, and achievements in air campaigns against tough, determined adversaries. It describes the development of a uniquely American doctrine for the application of air power against an opponent's key industries and centers of national life, a doctrine whose legacy today is the Global Reach - Global Power strategic planning framework of the modern U.S. Air Force. The narrative integrates aspects of strategic intelligence, logistics, technology, and leadership to offer a full yet concise account of the contributions of American air power to victory in that war.
    [Show full text]
  • SENATE 415 Him
    1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 415 him. His sincE:rity I admit. His patriot­ ENROLLED BILL SIGNED· to the Committee of the WhC'1P. House on the ism, of course, as that of every other state of the Union. Mr. KIRWAN, from the Committee on Mr. NICHOLS: Select Committee to Investi­ Member, is not questioned. I am not Enrolled Bills, reported that that com- gate Air Accidents. House Resolution 125. :finding fault. This is' not personal. I am . mittee had examined and found truly Resolution creating a Select COmmittee to )ust trying to get on the record the fact enrolled a bill of the House of the follow­ Investigate Air Accidents; without amend­ that these men had behind them a record ing title, which was thereupon signed by ment (Rept. No. 1592). Referred to the Com­ of lawlessness and violence and the use the Speaker: mittee of the Whole Hous& on the state of of force to stop production. the Union. H. R. 5095. An act to set aside certain lands Mr. VOORHIS of California. As Ire­ Mr. FULMER: Committee on Agric-glture. in Oklahoma for the Cheyenne-Arapaho H. R. 6359. A bill granting relief to certain call, it was Mr. Frankensteen who was Tribes of Indians; and to carry out certain agricultural producers in stricken areas who in California at the time of the North obligations to certain enrolled Indians under suffered crop failures in 1941 because of ad­ American strike, and he certainly stood tribal agreement. verse weather conditions, insect pests, or other behind the President in the action he ADJOURNMENT uncontrollable natural causes; with amend­ took there and kept production going.
    [Show full text]
  • Ampacity and Other Design Considerations for Medium Voltage Cables Used in Renewable Energy Applications
    JICABLE15_0001.docx Ampacity and other design considerations for medium voltage cables used in renewable energy applications Earle C. (Rusty) BASCOM, III (1), Richard W. ALLEN Jr. (2) 1 - Electrical Consulting Engineers, P.C., Schenectady, New York, USA, [email protected] 2 - Consultant, Northboro, Massachusetts, USA, [email protected] Renewable energy systems often include underground distribution cables to connect solar panels or wind turbines to collector stations where there is a step up in voltage for transmission to the nearest utility system. The general approach is to utilize medium voltage distribution cables. Many of these systems are designed and installed by developers that are seeking to minimize the project cost so that the payback period of the systems can be realized sooner, making the economics of these systems more attractive to regulators, utilities and other entities. There have been many instances of these cable systems failing after being placed in service due to issues related to thermal overload. The cause of these problems is based on applying traditional utility distribution cable system practices to the environments and operating scenarios associated with many of the renewable energy sites that have alternate characteristics. Factors to consider include: Common cable installation practices for renewable energy projects Geographic environments for renewable projects Route thermal survey and trench design and backfill characteristics Load and loss factors and circuit loading diversity as affects ratings Selection differences between utility distribution cables and renewable energy cables Economic factors Common project ownership Generating characteristics of wind and solar farms Cable system ampacity The combination of these factors and their proper consideration impacts longevity of the cable system and can result in rapid thermal degradation within a few years, affecting the availability and reliability of the renewable energy source that normally would have an expected life of decades.
    [Show full text]