Animal Diversity Part 1

Animal Diversity part 1 Animal diversity, part 1 I. Plants vs. animals Textbook reference: Diversity 1 Brooker et al. Principles of Biology pp. 509-515 II. Protists I. List the key distinguishing III. Ancestry of animals features of animals, and compare with IV. Animal body plans plants Fig.5.20 I. A. Cell structure Plants Animals • Multicellular • Multicellular • Cell walls • No cell walls – Rigid – Flexible – Extracellular matrix • Cell wall ducts • Cell junctions – Plasmodesmata – Anchoring junctions – Tight junctions – Gap junctions 1 I. B. Mode of Nutrition Plants Animals • Source of organic • Source of organic compounds: compounds: – Autotrophs – Heterotrophs – Producers – Consumers – Synthesize everything from scratch • Immobile • Variety of modes of feeding I. C. Movement Plants Animals • Air currents • Muscle • Water currents • Nervous system • Phototropism • Vine tendrils • Protective response Fig. 25.2 I. D. Genomes and Symmetry Plants Animals • Radial symmetry in • Hox genes early life – Symmetry – Body axis • Most do not keep whole-body • Radial symmetry symmetry • Bilateral symmetry 2 I. E. Reproduction and Development Plants Animals • Typically sexual • Most have sexual reproduction reproduction – But many can also – Internal or external reproduce asexually fertilization – Internal or external development • Alternation of generations • Metamorphosis Fig. 27.1 Animal diversity, part 1 Which of the following is not a feature of Diversity 1 I. Plants vs. animals animal cells? A. Mitochondria II. Protists B. Nucleus C. Rough endoplasmic reticulum II/III. Describe D. Plasmodesmata the evidence III. Ancestry of animals for common ancestry of animals and a IV. Animal body plans type of protist 3 II. A. What are protists? Fig. 21.1 • Any eukaryote that is not an animal, plant, or fungus • Non-phyletic II. B. What are the common II. C. Three categories of protist characteristics of protists? • Protozoa • Fungus-like Protists • Live in moist environments • Algae • Most are microscopic III. A. Choanoflagellates – Protozoa –Unicellular colonial – Uses flagellum to generate water currents/to move – Fig. 25.2 Collar of tentacles trap bacteria, etc. Fig. 25.3 Animal diversity, part 1 III. B. Sponge Diversity 1 I. Plants vs. animals – Animal – Multicellular II. Protists – Uses flagellum of collar cells to IV. Distinguish move food into categories of III. Ancestry of animals central cavity animal on the basis of body plan IV. Animal body plans Fig. 25.3 4 IV. Body Plans: Ways to classify animals IV. A. Tissues • Tissues • A group of cells with similar structure and function, along with their surrounding matrix • Symmetry • Germ Layers • Metazoa = Animals • Embryonic Development – Multicellular animals – Parazoa—animals that don’t actually have tissues • Body Cavities – Eumetazoa—animals with tissues and organs • Segmentation IV. B. Symmetry • The existence of balanced proportions of the body on either side of a median plane • Parazoa often don’t have symmetry • Radiata—symmetry along any longitudinal plane through the axis – Tend to be spherical or tubular Parazoa Eumetazoa Eumetazoa • no tissues 2 tissue layers 3 tissue layers Bilateria—symmetry along vertical midline plane to have left/right halves. Symmetry Parazoa Eumetazoa Eumetazoa no symmetry radial bilateral symmetry symmetry 5 IV. C. Germ Layers Germ Layers • Layers formed by gastrulation • Radiata: diploblastic – Endoderm: forms lining of digestive cavity – Ectoderm: forms epidermis & nervous system • Bilateria: triploblastic – Endoderm – Mesoderm: forms organs between endo- and ectoderm – Ectoderm Fig. 25.5 IV. D. Embryonic Development • Developmental patterns of Bilateria – Protostomes • Blastopore becomes mouth • Determinate cleavage • Spiral cleavage – Deuterostomes • Blastopore becomes anus Radiata Bilateria • Indeterminate cleavage diploblastic triploblastic • Radial cleavage Fig. 25.6 Germ Layers Fig. 25.5 6 IV. E. Body Cavity Would you expect a protostome to produce identical twin offspring? Explain • Coelom: Fluid-filled body cavity lined by A. Yes mesoderm B. No – Used to describe differences in animal structure – Do not reveal evolutionary relationships • Coelomates • Pseudocoelomates • Acoelomates Body Cavity Body Cavity • Coelomates • Pseudocoelomates – True coelom – Fluid-filled cavity not completely For example lined by mesoderm – Annelids – Arthropods – Rotifers – Chordates – Nematodes Fig. 25.7 Fig. 25.7 Body Cavity IV. F. Segmentation • Acoelomates • A body plan divided into regions called – Mesenchyme- segments filled cavity • Can be highly repetitive – Flatworms • Can allow for specialization; appendages Fig. 25.7 7 Segmental variation Segmentation Fig. 25.7 8.

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