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'The Men Behaved Splendidly,' Guy V Henry's Famous Cavalry Rides

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'The Men Behaved Splendidly,' Guy V Henry's Famous Cavalry Rides Nebraska History posts materials online for your personal use. Please remember that the contents of Nebraska History are copyrighted by the Nebraska State Historical Society (except for materials credited to other institutions). The NSHS retains its copyrights even to materials it posts on the web. For permission to re-use materials or for photo ordering information, please see: http://www.nebraskahistory.org/magazine/permission.htm Nebraska State Historical Society members receive four issues of Nebraska History and four issues of Nebraska History News annually. For membership information, see: http://nebraskahistory.org/admin/members/index.htm Article Title: “‘The Men Behaved Splendidly,’ Guy V Henry’s Famous Cavalry Rides” Full Citation: Thomas R Buecker, “‘The Men Behaved Splendidly,’ Guy V Henry’s Famous Cavalry Rides,” Nebraska History 78 (1997): 54-63. URL of article: http://www.nebraskahistory.org/publish/publicat/history/full-text/NH1997GuyHenry.pdf Date: 7/7/2010 Article Summary: Captain Guy V Henry commanded troops from Fort Robinson, Nebraska, on two winter marches, sixteen years apart: in 1874 and 1890. Cataloging Information: Names: George A Custer, John Gordon, H W Bingham, Thomas M Tolman, Alfred H Terry, Robert H Ottley, Columbus Delano, William W Belknap, Luther P Bradley, Edward O C Ord, William H Jordan, William L Carpenter, Raymond [a white frontiersman guide into the Hills], John H Bridgeman, Dr John A Ridgely, James B Fry, Richard I Dodge, Sitting Bull, Nelson A Miles, William O Wilson, Cyrus T Brady, Falling Stars, Guy V Henry Jr, Rain-in-the-Face Place Names: Fort Robinson; Fort Sully; Missouri River; Elkhorn River; Niobrara River; Cheyenne River; Black Hills; Spotted Tail Agency; Fort Laramie; Elk Creek; Red Cloud Agency; Camp Robinson; Camp Sheridan; White River; Wounded Knee Creek; Badlands; Ash Springs; Bear Butte; Drexel Mission; Chadron, Nebraska; Custer, South Dakota; Standing Rock Agency; Omaha Keywords: Minneconjou Lakota; Brule; Fort Laramie Treaty; Sioux; Gordon Party; Hunkpapa; Company D; Buffalo Soldiers; Ninth Cavalry; Army and Navy Journal; Cheyenne Daily Leader; Ghost Dancers; Cuny Table; Wounded Knee; Seventh Cavalry; Harper’s Weekly; Indian Fights and Fighters Photographs / Images: Major Guy V Henry on his horse “George,” Bellevue, Nebraska, 1890s; Map of 1874-1875 Ride; Richard I Dodge illustration of “Winter on the Plains—A Terrible Experience in the Teeth of a Norther,” published in Our Wild Indians, 1884; Officers of the Ninth Cavalry at Pine Ridge Agency, 1890-91 with Guy V Henry; Map of 1890 Ride; Troop K of the Ninth Cavalry at Pine Ridge Agency, 1890-91 " 'Guy V. Henry's ~amous (avail)! R~de§ By Thomas R. Buecker One great ride ina cavalryman's career to some enterprising whites the reward Custer, South Dakota), where traces of would stand as a fitting testament, but was worth the risk. The job of prevent­ gold had been found on French Creek. two such feats would seem without pre­ ing their illegal entry into the dangerous Anxious to commence prospecting, the cedent. However, one man, Guy V. yet tempting Sioux domain fell to the Gordon party made its last camp and Henry, Sr., a noted United States Army United States Army. The army under­ began construction of a substantial log officer during the Indian Wars period, took the task, ill-prepared as it was, to stockade.5 did just that. He commanded troops prevent a war that any white invasion of Evidently the Sioux who saw the party from Fort Robinson, Nebraska, on two the Hills would undoubtedly bring.3 crossing Cheyenne River reported them marches-separated by sixteen years­ To the military the assignment of to H. W. Bingham, the Indian agent for that became a celebrated part of west­ keeping miners out was a virtual impos­ the Cheyenne River Agency, some dis­ ern military lore. Those memorable epi­ sibility. With the vast open territory tance to the east on the Missouri River. sodes, along with his reputation as a around the Hills, bands of miners could Bingham quickly contacted Captain Rob­ "born soldier" and a "noble and genu­ slip in from several directions. Because ert H. Offley, post commander at Fort ine Christian gentleman," have long there were no nearby posts or canton­ Sully, seven miles below the agency, for been remembered. 1 The details of ments, any field deployment of troops troops to pursue and eject the intruders. Henry's rides seem to confirm these presented the army with huge logistical On December 5, Offley received orders high opinions. problems. The difficulty of pursuit and to act on Bingham's request. He sent In the fall of 1874 Capt. Guy V. Henry supply would only be compounded in Captain Thomas M. Tolman with twenty­ commanded Company D, Third Cavalry, the winter months. Cold weather did not one First Infantry soldiers, temporarily stationed at Camp Robinson near Red keep out small, daring groups of miners mounted, to chase the reported miners. Cloud Agency in northwest Nebraska. seeking the promised riches.4 Agent Bingham also accompanied the Rumors abounded that parties of miners In early October 1874 a small party of detachment. had entered the mysterious and forbid­ adventurers organized by John Gordon Department of Dakota commanding den Black Hills of Dakota Territory. Sev­ left Sioux City, Iowa, for the Black Hills. general Alfred H. Terry, from his head­ eral months previous a large army col­ The so-called "Gordon Party" consisted quarters in St. Paul, Minnesota, had res­ umn led by Lt. Col. George A. Custer of twenty-six men, one woman with a ervations about not sending cavalry on legally entered the Hills on a reconnais­ small boy, and six wagons. They incon­ the pursuit, but the only regularly sance expedition. Miners accompanying spicuously traveled westward along the mounted troops in the departinent were the expedition found gold, confirming a Elkhorn and Niobrara River valleys into companies of the Seventh Cavalry sta­ fact known to westemers for several de­ northwest Nebraska. Hoping to avoid tioned at posts far distant from Fort cades. Reports of their findings spurred any contact, the party then followed the Sully. The regiment had recently partici­ considerable interest, regardless of the White River into the Dakota Badlands. pated in the arrest of the Hunkpapa treaty forbidding whites to enter the As the party reached the Cheyenne . chief Rain-in-the-Face at the Standing Black Hills region. 2 River, it was spotted by Sioux Indians Rock Agency far to the north. Terry wor­ The 1868 Fort Laramie Treaty estab­ and again as it moved up Elk Creek. Un­ ried over the excitement and unrest his lished the bounds of the Great Sioux daunted by being discovered, the Gor­ capture stirred among Standing Rock In­ Reservation, which included the Black don party traveled north along the east­ dians, explaining "I am unwilling to Hills. The treaty also prohibited unau­ ern slope of the Hills to Bear Butte. Here weaken Custer just at present."6 thorized entry into the Hills; however, it entered the Hills proper and followed Meanwhile, on December 6 the small Custer's trail south to the interior. On force of mounted infantry left Fort Sully. Thomas R. Buecker is curator ofthe Nebraska December 23 the party reached the site It quickly moved west and actually fol­ State Historical Socif!/y's Fort Robinson Museum. of Custer's main camp (near present lowed the Gordon party thirty miles into 54 Guy V. Henry's Famous Cavalry Rides the Black Hills, "at times close behind."7 ley ordered Capt. Guy V. Henry, Third Point in 1861, he eventually com­ But Tolman's horses gave out, and he de­ Cavalry, at Camp Robinson to find the manded the Fortieth Massachusetts Vol­ cided it best to give up the pursuit and reported trespassers. A small but mobile unteer Infantry through much of the return to the post. The detachment was force under Henry's command was to Civil War. During the war he received in the field for eighteen days and rode proceed from Robinson to Camp repeated brevets for "gallantry and meri­ more than four hundred miles. While on Sheridan, the military post at Spotted torious service in action" and by war's the outbound march, Tolman had a con­ Tail, to pick up as its guide the Indian end held the rank of brigadier general ference with some "hostile" chiefs who who saw the party. Henry was then to of volunteers. He was later awarded the wanted to send their young men after the march to the Black Hills "to discover Medal of Honor for actions at the Battle miners. They promised to await word of and expel a party of miners reported as of Cold Harbor. After the war Henry be­ the success of his pursuit. General Terry having been on Elk Creek." II Capt. Will­ came a captain in the Third Cavalry and was openly chagrined over Tolman's ac­ iam H. Jordan, post commander at served in Arizona Territory against the tions in counseling with the Indians: Camp Robinson, was to assign one lieu­ Apaches. In 1871 the regiment moved to "Captain Tolman seems to have con­ tenant and enough enlisted men from the northern Plains, and Henry served at verted his expedition from one intended the Ninth Infantry to increase Henry's several stations in the Department of the to drive out those lawbreakers into one field strength to fifty men. Platte. On November 12, 1874, he and for their protection."8 By this time in his career, Guy Henry his company reported for duty at Camp After the detachment returned, agent was a respected and experienced troop Robinson near the turbulent Red Cloud Bingham telegraphed the commissioner commander.
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