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Annals of Wyoming * Annate of looming VOL. 8 JULY No. 1 CONTENTS Trip of Col. James McLaughlin, Indian Inspector, — to the Big Horn Hot Springs, Wyoming By John Small Diary Kept by W. A. Richards in Summer of 1873 Boundaries of the State Reserve By Clarence T. Johnson Wyoming Birds By Mrs. E. E. Waltman Why the Meadowlark Was Chosen as the State Bird of Wyoming By Hazel Harper Sample Pickett Washakie Studies in the Settlement and Economic Development of Wyoming By Clyde Meehan Owens Accessions Published Quarterly by the STATE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY Mrs. Cyrus Beard, Historian Cheyenne, Wyo. Annate of ^BBIpommg VOL. 8 JULY No. 1 CONTENTS Trip of Col. James McLaughlin, Indian Inspector, to the Big Horn Hot Springs, Wyoming By John Small Diary Kept by W. A. Richards in Summer of 1873 Boundaries of the State Reserve By Clarence T. Johnson Wyoming Birds —By Mrs. E. E. Waltman Why the Meadowlark Was Chosen as the State Bird of Wyoming By Hazel Harper Sample Pickett Washakie Studies in the Settlement and Economic Development of Wyoming By Clyde Meehan Owens Accessions Published Quarterly by the STATE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY Mr§. Cyrus Beard, Historian Cheyenne, Wyo, STATE HISTORICAL BOARD Acting Governor A. M. Clark Secretary of State A. M. Clark State Librarian Mrs. Clare E. Ausherman Secretary of Board Mrs. Cyrus Beard ADVISORY BOARD Judge E. H. Fourt Lander Dr. Grace R. Hebard Laramie Mrs. C. L. Vandevender Basin Mr. L. C. Bishop Douglas Mr. Phillip E. Winter _ Casper Mrs. R. A. Ferguson Wheatland Mr. Howard B. Lott Buffalo Miss Spaeth Gillette Mrs. P. J. Quealy Kemmerer Neither the State Historical Board, the State Historical Advisory Board nor 1he State Historian is responsible for any statements made or opinions expressed by contributors to the Annals of Wyoming. (Copyright applied for by State of Wyoming) : CHAPTER 96 STATE HISTORICAL BOARD Session Laws 1921 DUTIES OF HISTORIAN Section 6. It shall be the duty of the State Historian (a) To collect books, maps, charts, documents, manu- scripts, other papers and any obtainable material illustrative of the history of the State. (b) To procure from pioneers narratives of any exploits, perils and adventures. (c) To collect and compile data of the events which mark the progress of Wyoming from its earliest day to the present time, including the records of all of the Wyoming men and women, who served in the World War and the history of all war activities in the State. (d) To procure facts and statements relative to the his- tory, progress and decay of the Indian tribes and other early inhabitants within the State. (e) To collect by solicitation or purchase fossils, speci- mens, of ores arid minerals, objects of curiosity connected with the history of the State and all such books, maps, writings, charts and other material as will tend to facilitate historical, scientific and antiquarian research. (f) To file and carefully preserve in his office in +he Capitol at Cheyenne, all of the historical data collected or obtained by him, so arranged and classified as to be not only available for the purpose of compiling and publishing a History of Wyoming, but also that it may be readily accessible for the purpose of disseminating such historical or biographical in- formation as may be reasonably requested by the public. He shall also bind, catalogue and carefully preserve all unbound books, manuscripts, pamphlets, and especially newspaper files containing legal notices which may be donated to the State Historical Board. (g) To prepare for publication a biennial report of the collections and other matters relating to the transaction of the Board as may be useful to the public. (h) To travel from place to place, as the requirements of the work may dictate, and to take such steps, not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act, as may be required to obtain the data necessary to the carrying out of the purpose and objects herein set forth. 31 I- < h I Unnals! of looming VOL. 8 JULY No. 1 TRIP OF COL. JAMES McLAUGHLIN, INDIAN IN- SPECTOR, TO THE BIG HORN HOT SPRINGS, WYOMING I was instructed by Capt. R. H. Wilson, Acting; U. S. Indian Agent, to accompany Col. James McLaughlin, U. S. Indian In- spector, and three Shoshone and three Arapahoe Indians, with one interpreter for each tribe, to visit the Big Horn Springs and surrounding country. The Colonel's mission here was for the purpose of negotiating with the Indians for the purchase for the government of these springs. We left the Agency April 8th at 8 :30 a, m. The party was composed of Col. James McLaughlin, John Small, Dick Wash- akie, Bishop and Mo-yo-vo, Shoshones ; Guy Robinson, Shoshone interpreter ; Sharp Nose, Tallow and Lone Bear, Arapaohes ; and Henry Lee, Arapahoe interpreter. We travelled in an easterly direction and crossed Big Wind river fifteen miles from Fort Washakie. We camped at noon for dinner at Kasooth Arragoirs, a Mexican half breed, who has a fine farm. We broke camp at 1 :50 p. m. and travelled east over a very nice rolling country, crossing the Muddy at Camp Small at 5 :30 p. m., the distance from Big Wind river being eighteen miles. Here we camped for the night, While pitching our tent three of the horses started for home but were overtaken by the Indians and brought back. Dick Washakie was assigned as chief cook. After supper Col. McLaughlin had quite a pleasant talk with Chief Sharp Nose, who speaks very good Sioux but with a decided Arapahoe accent. The Colonel speaks Sioux fluently, so they had a very pleasant time. At 7 :30 o 'clock the next morning we broke camp and started for the foot of Owl Creek mountains. When passing the Gov- ernment Meadows, the Indians started a nice herd of antelope, but failed to shoot any. We reached camp in the mountains for dinner at 10:45 a. m. the distance traveled being fifteen miles. We named the place Camp Sharp Nose. Left dinner camp at 12 :30 p. m. Now we are climbing the mountains in earnest—very hard ascent and worst road I ever saw. (Steep is no name for it.) After we reached the top, we found on the northern slope the best prairie country I have seen in Wyoming. We entered Red 490 ANNALS OF WYOMING Canyon at 2 :30 p. m. The scenery, in passing through it, was grand. We reached the head of the canyon, eight miles from the mouth at 4 p. m. We then crossed the Red Canyon range which is full of deep gulches and reached camp on Owl Creek at 6 :30 p. m., having traveled twenty-two miles from Camp Sharp Nose, where we took dinner. April 10th we broke camp at 8 :30 a. m. and reached the Hot Springs at 9 :30 a. m., a distance of seven miles over a country with anything but good roads. We crossed the Big Horn river at the Springs. On arriving there, we were met by U. P. Davidson, who is building some houses to accommodate the visitors. He is seventy- three years of age—an old California Forty-niner. He was for- merly from Galesburg, 111., and was one of those mentioned in history, as the Jay Hawkers of '49. Bancroft's History, Vol. 11, gives a full account of this party of Forty-niners, who were a year in making the trip from Galesburg to the mines in California. They got lost in the mountains and suffered unknown hardships —a number of them dying of starvation, while some became in- sane. Mr. Davidson, in relating his history, was very interesting to us. Mr. A. J. Andrews, another resident at the Springs, kindly showed us the different springs, which are certainly wonderful. The basin or mouth of the main spring is circular in form and thirty feet across. It is a seething, boiling caldron, with a tem- perature of 132 degrees Fahrenheit and flows at the rate of 1,250,000 gallons every twenty-four hours. The depth of the Springs has never been ascertained. Al- though with a temperature of 132 degrees, it is not unpleasant to drink and with salt and pepper added tastes very much like chicken soup. Several bath houses have been erected by the invalids and bath tubs have been cut out of the formation that forms from the overflow. There is a sulphur hot spring and also a cold spring, in addition to the main spring, all flowing within a radius of 200 yards. The bottom of the river also shows numerous boiling springs. After we had taken a bath we examined the mountain of crystalized gypsum. It is a very strange formation. We brought some specimens home with us. At 4 p. m. we broke camp and followed the Big Horn river to a new town that is springing up named Thermopolis, or the Hot City. It is located about five miles from the Springs. We pitched our tent on the bank of the river and remained until Sunday morning, April 12th. We passed a very pleasant day Saturday in camp, although it snowed all day. We had many visitors, who came to see our Indians. ANNALS OF WYOMING 491 Our horses being well rested we started for home Sunday morning. The Indians with the wagon of provisions and camp outfit returned by what is known as the Red Canyon road, while Col. McLaughlin and myself returned by way of Owl Creek and crossed the mountains forty miles in a north westerly direction.
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