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World War II at Sea This Page Intentionally Left Blank World War II at Sea
World War II at Sea This page intentionally left blank World War II at Sea AN ENCYCLOPEDIA Volume I: A–K Dr. Spencer C. Tucker Editor Dr. Paul G. Pierpaoli Jr. Associate Editor Dr. Eric W. Osborne Assistant Editor Vincent P. O’Hara Assistant Editor Copyright 2012 by ABC-CLIO, LLC All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data World War II at sea : an encyclopedia / Spencer C. Tucker. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-59884-457-3 (hardcopy : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-1-59884-458-0 (ebook) 1. World War, 1939–1945—Naval operations— Encyclopedias. I. Tucker, Spencer, 1937– II. Title: World War Two at sea. D770.W66 2011 940.54'503—dc23 2011042142 ISBN: 978-1-59884-457-3 EISBN: 978-1-59884-458-0 15 14 13 12 11 1 2 3 4 5 This book is also available on the World Wide Web as an eBook. Visit www.abc-clio.com for details. ABC-CLIO, LLC 130 Cremona Drive, P.O. Box 1911 Santa Barbara, California 93116-1911 This book is printed on acid-free paper Manufactured in the United States of America To Malcolm “Kip” Muir Jr., scholar, gifted teacher, and friend. This page intentionally left blank Contents About the Editor ix Editorial Advisory Board xi List of Entries xiii Preface xxiii Overview xxv Entries A–Z 1 Chronology of Principal Events of World War II at Sea 823 Glossary of World War II Naval Terms 831 Bibliography 839 List of Editors and Contributors 865 Categorical Index 877 Index 889 vii This page intentionally left blank About the Editor Spencer C. -
Mission: History Studiorum Historiam Praemium Est
See story on page 5 Naval Order of the United States – San Francisco Co m m a n d e r y Mission: History Studiorum Historiam Praemium Est Volume 1, Issue 9 HHHHHH 4 October 1999 1944: With the World’s Eyes on Europe, U.S. Fights History’s Largest Sea Battle This Month’s Contents Ambush at Palawan Passage Page 7 Leyte Gulf Actions See Destruction Sibuyan Sea Air Attacks 7 Loss of Princeton 13 Battle of Surigao Strait 2 Of Japanese Navy as Fighting Force Main Event off Samar 3 In October 1944, the attention of American newspapers and radio was firmly fo- Halsey Abandons Kinkaid 3 Leyte Charts 2 cused on Europe, particularly on the German fortress at Metz, in northeast France. Battle of Trafalgar 5 General George S. Patton’s seemingly invincible Third Army had bounced off Metz Trafalgar Chart 16 without leaving a dent. Americans had grown to expect great things from Patton, so they sat by their radios and read the newspapers waiting for Metz to fall. In this vacuum of news from the Pacific, the greatest of all naval battles was fought. The Japanese Navy rolled the dice with everything they had on the line. Two hundred seventy-six war- ships ranging in size from destroyer to the world’s largest battleships took part in the Battle of Leyte Gulf. When it was over, the Jap navy had ceased to exist as a fighting force. There were no replacements in the pipeline and, in fact, there had never been a pipeline to begin with. -
Patrol Craft Sailors Association
PATROL CRAFT SAILORS ASSOCIATION COLLECTION & ARCHIVES List reflects both artifacts and research materials contained in the PCSA Collection and Archives by topic and/or ship number PATROL CRAFT SAILORS ASSOCIATION (PCSA) Media - General Media - Video Official Documents & Correspondence PCSA Endowment Fund PCSA Library Dedication PCSA Gallery Openings PCSA Newsletter Directories PCSA Reunion Directories Photographs-General Color/B & W Plaques & Commendations UNITED STATES NAVY (GENERAL) Media – General Flags & Pennants NATO Phonetic Alphabet History/Traditions/Lore Official Manuals/Posters/Publications Photographs-General (Color/B & W) Role of Women & Minorities (WWI to Present) Uniforms/Ratings/Insignia U.S. Navy Nurse Corps U.S. Navy WAVES U.S. Naval Historical Center U.S. Navy Memorial/Heritage Center WW I - EAGLE CLASS PATROL CRAFT Eagle Boat- General PE 2 PE 26 PE 35 PE 48 PE 54 PE 58 PE 59 PE 60 WORLD WAR II (GENERAL) Books & Other Publications Daily Life/Personal Stories & Related Maps & Charts Media – General Photographs-General (Color/B & W) The Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 The Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944 WII Bay County/Bay City U-Boats – General WORLD WAR II - PATROL CRAFT (GENERAL) Blueprints & Drawings Books & Other Publications Commissioning/Launching/Change of Command/Sponsors Communication & Navigation Mechanical & Technical Media - General Photographs-General (Color/B & W) KOREAN WAR Korean War – General Patrol Craft- General VIETNAM WAR Vietnam War - General Groups & Organizations - General Vietnam Veterans of America Brown Water Navy-General Maps/ Charts/Posters Books & Other Publications Photographs –General (Color/B& W) PBR/PCF/WPB - General Riverine Forces - General Coastal Surveillance Force/Task Force 115 River Force Patrol/Task Force 116 Mobile Riverine Force/Task Force 117 U.S. -
And Remembrance
AND REMEMBRANCE A DAUGHTER CONNECTS WITH HER FATHER’S WORLD WAR II SERVICE AT FREDERICKSBURG’S NATIONAL MUSEUM OF THE PACIFIC WAR text by KATHRYN JONES photographs by WILL VAN OVERBEEK 60 texashighways.com | AUGUST 2015 In A DARKENED ROOM, VETERANS WEARING World War II caps embroidered with command insignia peer down at a tabletop video screen. A map of the Philippine Islands flashes on. Blue ships, representing American ves- sels, head into the archipelago. They encounter a much larger group of red Japanese ships coming out of the San Bernardino Strait that connects the Samar and Philippine seas. Thus begins one of the most significant naval skirmishes of the war’s Pacific Theater, the Battle off Samar, in October 1944. More than 70 years later, I watch the battle unfold like a video game at the National Museum of the Pacific War in Fredericksburg. As the blue ships sail across the screen into harm’s way, the realization hits me. “My gosh, my father was on one of those!” I exclaim. The veterans look up with solemn faces and nod. I am like many visitors who come to the museum to dis- cover or relive personal stories of the past. In my case, I want to learn more about my father, Samuel Jones, who lives in Corpus Christi. He was just 17 when he left his rural Ala- bama home after the bombing of Pearl Harbor and enlisted in the U.S. Navy. After training in San Diego, the boy who had plowed peanut fields with mules was assigned to a heavy cruiser, the USS Portland, as a second gunner. -
A Global Forum for Naval Historical Scholarship
A Global Forum for Naval Historical Scholarship International Journal of Naval History December 2007 Volume 6 Number 3 Bradley Peniston, No Higher Honor: Saving the USS Samuel B. Roberts in the Persian Gulf, Annapolis MD : Naval Institute Press, 2006. 275 pp., photographs, figures, notes, bibliography and sources, index. Review by Jessica Salter Double BA (Hons), MA ________________________________________________________________________ Bradley Peniston’s, No Higher Honor: Saving the USS Samuel B. Roberts in the Persian Gulf, is a gripping tale of leadership, teamwork and survival by the captain and crew onboard the Samuel B. Roberts during the height of the Iran-Iraq conflict in the spring of 1988. The guided missile frigate was ordered to escort tankers in the Persian Gulf during Operation Earnest Will, the largest convoy operation since WWII. During a routine assignment on 14 April, the Samuel B. Roberts was hit by an Iranian mine. Peniston draws on hundreds of documents and interviews to report on the first warship since the Korean War to come alarmingly close to sinking in hostile action. Main ’s Bath Iron Works (BIW) launched the third Samuel B. Roberts (FFG 58) on 8 December 1984. The ship’s namesake was a WWII hero, Coxswain Samuel Booker Roberts Jr. who perished from a fatal wound to the back of the neck while diverting Japanese attention from his fellow Americans. The title of Peniston’s book, No Higher Honor was coined by Lt. Cdr. Robert Copeland, the commanding officer of the first Samuel B. Roberts in 1944. In Copeland’s report from the battle off Samar during WWII, “… the men zealously manned their stations wherever they might be, and found and worked with such calmness, courage, and efficiency that no higher honor could be conceived than to command such a group of men” (17). -
Semaphore Newsletter of the Sea Power Centre - Australia Issue 11, October 2004 60 Years On: Leyte Gulf 1944
SEMAPHORE NEWSLETTER OF THE SEA POWER CENTRE - AUSTRALIA ISSUE 11, OCTOBER 2004 60 YEARS ON: LEYTE GULF 1944 Following the initial Japanese advance in late 1941 and Warramunga; the infantry landing ships Westralia, early 1942, and the halting of the offensive in the Solomons Kanimbla and Manoora; the frigate Gascoyne; and the and New Guinea, the United States, supported by its allies, motor launch HDML 1074. The RAN was also represented began its trans-Pacific assault. This campaign followed two in Task Group 77.7, the Leyte Gulf Service Force of the lines of advance: the first, commanded by General Douglas Seventh Fleet, by the oiler Bishopdale, the provision ship MacArthur, along the northern coast of New Guinea, and Merkur and the ammunition ships Poyang and Yunnan. the second, commanded by Admiral Chester Nimitz, Every shell, spare part, and morsel of food required for this through the island chains of the central Pacific. By 1944 vast armada had to be carried in ships from either the US these two lines began to converge on the ‘Taiwan-Luzon- west coast or Australia. Fuel and lubricants were sourced China’ triangle. At a meeting on 26 July 1944 with his two from the USA and the West Indies. Ammunition arrived theatre commanders, US President Roosevelt decided that from the USA via Australia. A third of all fresh produce the next objective would be the Philippine Islands. came from the USA, the rest from Australia. This required a Although the liberation of the Philippines is generally seen massive fleet train to carry the necessary supplies. -
A Short History of the USS Fanshaw
Bangor Public Library Bangor Community: Digital Commons@bpl World War Regimental Histories World War Collections 1946 Straddled: A short history of the U.S.S. Fanshaw Bay United States Navy Follow this and additional works at: http://digicom.bpl.lib.me.us/ww_reg_his Recommended Citation United States Navy, "Straddled: A short history of the U.S.S. Fanshaw Bay" (1946). World War Regimental Histories. 145. http://digicom.bpl.lib.me.us/ww_reg_his/145 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the World War Collections at Bangor Community: Digital Commons@bpl. It has been accepted for inclusion in World War Regimental Histories by an authorized administrator of Bangor Community: Digital Commons@bpl. For more information, please contact [email protected]. / .1 __ ... ,.-" , I / I /-- 1 • ..')')I ' . .' . ., .~. ..... , . ' .. .. ~ \ ., , ) .. .. ... :. :: ~ :-: ;; .. "• It • • • •• \ . ., c: t• . ' ' : ' ' . ' . ~ ,. ~ ' f r ... .. .... : . t I ~ I ,,., ' '• .. '• ' ' ' ' ' . ' '• .. ' .. ' ' . ~ ~ ~~; ~~~~====~~~~~~~~~~F=~· ----~~--------~----~~==~~~J DEDI C ATION ~ HEREVER THE FANSHAW BAY SHALL SAIL AGAIN IN THE REMINISCENCES OF HER OLD CREW SHE WILL CARRY WITH HER THE MEMORY OF THOSE GALLANT MEN WHO HAVE ANSWERED THEIR LAST CALL TO FLIGHT QUARTERS. TO THE TWENTY-FOUR MEN KILLED IN ACTION AND TO THE FOURTEEN MISSING AIRMEN THIS HISTORY OF THE FANNIE BEE IS HUMBLY DEDICATED. ~ * ..., THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY WASHINGTON The President of the United States takes pleasure 1n preaentt.nr the PRESIDENTIAL UNIT CITATION to TASK UNIT SEVENTY-SEVEN POINT FOUR POINT THREE,comd.sting:of the U.S.S. FANSHAW BAY and VC-68; U.S.S. GAMBIER BAY a:nd VC""lO; U.S.S. 'KALININ BAY a:nd VC...S; U.S.S. -
Actions Above Words: a Biography of Vice Admiral Clifton “Ziggy” Sprague
Bellarmine University ScholarWorks@Bellarmine Undergraduate Theses Undergraduate Works 4-23-2021 Actions Above Words: A Biography of Vice Admiral Clifton “Ziggy” Sprague John Kirwan Bellarmine University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.bellarmine.edu/ugrad_theses Part of the Military History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Kirwan, John, "Actions Above Words: A Biography of Vice Admiral Clifton “Ziggy” Sprague" (2021). Undergraduate Theses. 65. https://scholarworks.bellarmine.edu/ugrad_theses/65 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Undergraduate Works at ScholarWorks@Bellarmine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@Bellarmine. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. 1 Actions Above Words: A Biography of Vice Admiral Clifton “Ziggy” Sprague John Kirwan Honors – 451 Thesis April 23, 2021 2 Table of Contents Introduction 3 Literature Review 4 Section 1: Early Life 7 Section 2: The Naval Academy and the First World War 10 Section 3: The Interwar and Aviation 15 Section 4: The Second World War 21 Section 5: The Battle Off Samar 27 Section 6: The End of the War and Post-War Life 31 Section 7: The Contribution of this Thesis 34 Bibliography 36 3 Introduction: Vice Admiral Clifton A.F. “Ziggy” Sprague. A name unfamiliar to many and yet celebrated by those that know it. A name which while just as decorated as his peers has been largely forgotten by the public eye. When considering those leaders who captured popular sentiment and held onto it, individuals like General George Patton, Supreme Commander and later President Dwight D. -
Mapping Debris Fields of Lost US Ships from the 1944 Battle of Leyte Gulf Midshipman 1/C Buinauskas, USN, Class of 2020; Advisor: Professor Peter L
Mapping Debris Fields of Lost US Ships from the 1944 Battle of Leyte Gulf Midshipman 1/C Buinauskas, USN, Class of 2020; Advisor: Professor Peter L. Guth Introduction Results In the aftermath of the Battle of Leyte Gulf, the Allied Forces lost one After creating the debris fields, I determined that the USS St. Lo sunk light carrier, two escort carriers, two destroyers, and one destroyer-escort. facing southwestward, since the ship stayed relatively intact and the Some of these ships’ wrecks were more intact, which made the ship bow of the wreck faced southwest at approximately 225° (Figure 1). whose wreck it was easily identifiable. An example of this is the The two furthest pieces of debris had a distance of 273.9 meters Casablanca-class Escort Carrier USS St. Lo, which was identifiable by a between them, with the furthest piece hitting the sea floor at 98.07 clear “63” painted on the hull. The other wrecks, however, consisted meters away from the ship. According to the general plans, the St. Lo merely of scrap metal and ship parts, none of which alone were enough was about 19 meters wide, so the debris field spread a significant to lead to identification. In these circumstances, the location, size, and distance from the ship itself (U.S. Naval Repair Base San Diego, parts of the wreck were all considered in identifying the ship it belonged 2019a). I then determined that the USS Johnston sunk facing to. This was the case for a pile of scrap metal off the coast of Samar, northwestward at about 300°, since the bow of the ship sank relatively which was recently identified as the Fletcher-class Destroyer USS Figure 1. -
Sna Awards Luncheon Friday October 22, 2021 11:30 Am
SNA AWARDS LUNCHEON FRIDAY OCTOBER 22, 2021 11:30 AM ANNUAL AWARDS SATURDAY OCTOBER 23, 2021 6:00 PM The Freedom of the Seas Awards honors those who embody the core principles of the American Surface FREEDOM Navy’s mission to protect and defend our oceans for the benefit of the free world. OF THE SEAS FREEDOM OF THE SEAS AWARD AWARDS The Freedom of the Seas Award goes to an accomplished individual who embodies the core principles of America’s Surface Navy to protect and defend our oceans for the benefit of the free world. VADM SAMUEL L. GRAVELY, JR. LEADERSHIP AWARD The VADM Samuel L. Gravely, Jr. award recognizes leaders who exemplify the trailblazing, courageous service of the late U.S. Surface Navy Vice Admiral. HUMANITARIAN SERVICE AWARD The Humanitarian Service award recognizes those who exemplify the exceptional bravery that is necessary to sail through troubled waters-in order to provide disaster relief, defend trade routes, and fight piracy as a means of upholding the core principle of America’s Surface Navy. GLOBAL TRADE AND COMMUNICATIONS AWARD The Global Trade and Communications award recognizes leaders in commercial shipping that embody the ideals of the Surface Navy in their utilization of the ocean for the benefit of the free world. 2 The Freedom of the Seas Awards are held in honor of the Battle of Leyte Gulf, the largest naval battle BATTLE OF of World War II. The battle was fought in waters near the Philippine islands October 23-26, 1944 LEYTE GULF between the combined forces of the United States and Austrailia and the Imperial Japanese Navy. -
THE BATTLE for LEYTE GULF 25 October 1944: Off the Central Philippines (Lt
THE BATTLE FOR LEYTE GULF 25 October 1944: Off the Central Philippines (Lt. Robb White, USNR, Public Relations, CinCPac) 0900 - Shells from Japanese Battleships have been falling closer and closer. The three destroyers of Taffy Two are drawn up in battle line astern of the six baby flattops. They look lonely and small with the geysers of the Japanese shells around them. The situation is very simple. Three groups of escort carriers, the baby flattops, are being attacked by a Japanese force of four battleships, eight heavy cruisers and about 10 destroyers. The carriers have no protection other than their aircraft and destroyer screen. The Japanese force is overhauling the center group of carriers at the rate of 7 miles an hour. The three groups of carriers are arranged roughly on a north-south line parallel to the Philippine Islands and are steaming southward, the Jap pursuing from the north. Taffy Three (Kaiser-built carriers Midway (St. Lo), Gambier Bay, Kitkun Bay, Fanshaw Bay, and White Plains) are to the north and are in range of the Jap force. Taffy Two, commanded by Rear Admiral Felix B. Stump (Kaiser carriers Natoma Bay, Manila Bay, Savo Island, Marcus Island, Ommaney Bay, and Kadashan Bay) are next in line and about 30 miles ahead of the Jap. Farthest away is Taffy One (converted oilers Sangamon, Suwanee, and Santee and the Kaiser carrier Petrof Bay). 0915 - The morning is clear, bright, with very little haze, scattered soft cumulus clouds and a calm sea. There is no possibility of escape or even concealment in rain clouds. -
USS Midway Museum Library Online Catalog 01/01/2020
USS Midway Museum Library Online Catalog 01/01/2020 Author Title Pub Date Object Name Stevenson, James P. $5 Billion Misunderstanding, The : The Collapse of the Navy's A-12 Stealth Bomber 2001 Book Program Ross, Donald K. 0755 : The Heroes of Pearl Harbor 1988 Paperback Winkowski, Fredric 100 Planes, 100 Years : The First Century of Aviation 1998 Book Shores, Christopher 100 Years of British Naval Aviation 2009 Book Myers, Donald E. 101 Sea Stories : Those Tales Marines, Sailors and Others Love to Tell 2005 Paperback Bishop, Chris (ed) 1400 Days : The Civil War Day by Day 1990 Book Daughan, George C. 1812 : The Navy's War 2011 Book Werstein, Irving 1914-1918 : World War I Told with Pictures 1964 Paperback Hydrographic Office, Secretary of Navy 1931 International Code of Signals (American Edition), Vol. I - Visual 1952 Book Hydrographic Office, Secretary of Navy 1931 International Code of Signals (American Edition), Vol. II - Radio 1952 Book United States Naval Academy 1937 : The Sixty-Three Year Fix 2000 Paperback Kershaw, Andrew (ed) 1939-1945 War Planes 1973 Paperback Groom, Winston 1942 : The Year That Tried Men's Souls 2005 Book Naval Air Systems Command 2.75 Inch Airborne Rocket Launchers 1996 Manual Naval Air Systems Command 20-MM Aircraft Gun MK12 Mod 4 1980 Manual Naval Air Systems Command 20-MM Barrel Erosion Gage Kit M10(T23) 1976 Manual Merry, John A. 200 Best Aviation Web Sites 1998 Book Robinson, C. Snelling (Charles Snelling) 200,000 Miles Aboard the Destroyer Cotten 2000 Book Powell, Dick 20th Century Fox Studio Classics : 75 years, Disc 1 : On the Avenue 2006 DVD Grable, Betty 20th Century Fox Studio Classics : 75 years, Disc 2 : Pin Up Girl 2005 DVD Miranda, Carmen 20th Century Fox Studio Classics : 75 years, Disc 3 : Something for the Boys 2008 DVD Cooper, Gary 20th Century Fox Studio Classics : 75 years, Disc 4 : You're in the Navy Now 2006 DVD Murdock.