PEKING REVIEW, Peking (37), Chino Post Office Registrotion No, 2-922 Printed in the People's Republic of Chino

PEKI 1 lonuory l, lm

(l]I IHE PL TEll trl[J0[ REL[Il0llSHlPS

4 prll 2t, 1956 l-portant Speech by A Chairman Hua Kuo-feng Advonce From Victory to Victory -- 1977 New Yeor's Doy editoriol by "Renmin Riboo," 4L "Jiefongjun "Hongqi" ond Boo" Vol. 20, No. 1 Jonuory lg'f, PEKING .1,

REVIEW Published in English, French, Spanish, Japanese and German editions ,A 4. [^.fu

CO NTE NTS

THE WEEK

: Eighty-Third Anniversory of Choirmon Moo Tsetung's Bi*hdoy Morked. '

Choirmon Huo Receives Representotives Attending Notionol Leorn-From-Tochoi Conference

ARTICLES AND DOCUMENTS On the Ten Mojor Relotionships - Moo Tsetung 10 Eternol Glory to Choirmon Moo Tsetung - Full-length colour documentory on mournrng the deoth of the greot leqder ond teocher Choirmon Moo Tsetung 26

Photo Exhibition "Choirmon Moo Will Live For Ever in Our Heorts" 27 \ Speech ot the Second Notionol Conlerence on Leorning From fochoi in Agri' Centrol Committee of the Com- culture - Huo Kuo-feng, Choirmon of the munist Porty of Chino 31 Advonce From Victory to Vittory New Yeor'5 Doy editoriol by Renmi,n -1977 Ribao, Hongqi ond Jiefangiun Boo 45 . ROUND THE WORLD 48

Egypt ond Syrio: Estoblishing o Unified Politicol Leodership

OPEC: Decision to Roise Oil Price

Published every Fridqy by PEKING REVIEW, Peking (37), Chino Post Office Registrotion No, 2-922 Printed in the People's Republic of Chino

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Eighty-Third lnniuersary ol Ghairman ilao Tsetung's Birthday ilarked

ECEMBER 26, 1976 was the 83rd anniver- rejected the suggestion. This fully revealed the sary of the birthday of our great leader deep-seated hatred this bunch of anti-Party and teacher Chairman Mao Tsetung. Renmin elements had for the veteran proletarian rev- .Riboo and all the other Peking papers gave top olutionaries." frontpage prominence to a huge picture of Renmin Ribco also published the poem In Chairman Mao that day. Chairman Mao's Memory of Chairman Moo written by Comrade brilliant work On the Ten Major Relationshi.ps Kuo Mo-jo on December 24, L976. All the Pe- (Aprit 25, 1956) and.photos showing his revolu- king papers also carried articles. in memory of tionary activities . were also printed in .every Chairman Mao. paper. To mark the 83rd anniversary of Chairman Afso published in Rezrnin Ribao the same Mao's birthday, a full-length colour documen- day were two poems written by Comrade Chu tary Eternal Glorg to the Great Leailer and, Teh in February l97B Happg to Read Tuo Teacher Chairman Mao Tsetung was released Poems bg Chairman Moo. An accompanying all over the country beginning December 24 editor's note said: "Comrade Chu Teh's two and there was a photo exhibition "Chairman poems brim over with high qsteem and warm Mao Will Live For Ever in Our Hearts" in love for the great leader Chairman Mao and Peking. (See p. 26 and p. 27.) show revolutionary pride and confidence.in the On December 24, representatives attending victory of the cause of communism. After they the Seeond National Conference on Learning had been published in issues No. 2 and No. 3 From Tachai in Agricuiture held in Peking took of the journal Poetry in 1976, Comrade Teng part in construction work for the Chairman Mao Ying-chao recommended them to Renrnin Ribao Memorial Hall in Tien An Men Square to pay for publication. But, the reactionary literary honour to Chairman Mao's memory. Started scoundrel Yao Wen-yuan in the 'gang of four' about a month ago, work on this gigantic project who controlled the mass media, truculently is now going ahead swiftly.

Ghairman Hua teceiyes Representatiyes lttending ilational Learn-From-Tachai Gonlerenoe

IfUA Kuo-feng, Chairman of the Central Chen Yung-kuei, Wu Kuei-hsien, Saifudin, Kuo rr Committee of the Communist Party of Mo-jo, Hsu Hsiang-chien, Chen Yun, Tan China and Premier of the State Couneil; Yeh Chen-Iin, Li Ching-chuan, Ulanfu, Teng Ying- Chien-ying, Vice-Chairman of the C.P.C. Central chao, Chou Chien-jen, Hsu Teh-heng, Hu Chueh- Committee; and other leading comrades of the wen, Li Su-wen, Yao Lien-wei, Wang Chen, Yu Pgrty and state Li Hsien-nien, Chen Hsi-lien, Chiu-li, Ku Mu and Sun Chien received all the Chi Teng-kuei, 'ffang Tung-hsing, Wu Teh, representatives attending the Second National

January 11 1977 Chairman IIua and Vice-Chairman Yeh at the Second National Conference on Learnlng: Froin Tachai in Agriculture.

Conference on Learning From Tachai in Iearn-from-Tachai units, the Tachai Production Alriculture in the Great HalI of the People on Brigade and the Taching Oilfield and other the evening of December 27, 1976- units concerned, as well as delegates to other conferences being held in Peking. AIso present at the reception were Su Yu, leading member of the Military Commission of After 18 days of intense work, the secorid the C.P.C. Central Committee; Shen Yen-ping, national learri-from-Tachai eonference, con- Vice-Chairman of the National Committee of vened by the Party Central Committee on the the Chinese People's Political Consultative Con- proposal of Chairman Hua, successfully accom- ference; and Chiang Hua, President of the plished its tasks and achieved tremendous Supreme People's Court success. ' The more than 6,000 people who had the The representatives who were to leave honour o.f,being received included leading com- Peking soon for their respective work posts were rades of the Party committees of various prov- tremendously inspired when they were received inces, munieipalities and autonomous regions, by the wise leader Chairman Hua and other secretaries of prefecturbl and county Party com- central leading comrades. When Chairman mittees, and representatives from advanced Hua and other central leading comrades

8 Peking Retsieu, No. 1 walked into the hall, there was a thunderous an importani speech at a plenary session of and prolonged applause. Everyone repeatedly the conference on the evening of December 25. shouted: "Salute to Chairman Hua!" "Salute In his speech, Chairman Hua leviewed the to the Party Central Committee!" "Carry out militant course traversed by the Party in 1976 Chairman Mao's behests and obey Chairman '"Rally and put forward the fighting tasks for 1977. He Hua's orders!" most closely round the said: 1976 is a most extraordinary year in the Party Central Committee headed by Chairman history of our Party and of the d.ictatolship of Hua!" "Get the whole Party mobilized. go all the proletariat in China. It is a year in which out to develop agriculture and strive to build the whole Party, the whole army and the people Tachai-type counties throughout the country!" of all nationalities throughout the country have and "Thoroughly repudiate the 'gang of four' stood rigorous tests, a year in which we have and bring about a new upsurge in building won a great historic victory. Nineteen seventy- Taehai-type counties throughout the country!" seven will be a year in rvhieh we shall smash the Beaming with smiles, Chairman Hua and "gang of four" completely and go towards great other central leading comrades happily applaud- order, a year of united struggle and triumphant photograph ed the representatives and had a advance. He pointed out that the people of the taken with them. whole country will surely carry out Chairman The same evening, Chairman Hua and Vice- Mao's behests and carry the cause of the pro- Chairman Yeh and other leading comrades letarian revolution bequeathed to them by of the Party and state also received the repre- Chairman Mao through to the end. (For fuil sentatives of educated young people who have text of the speech see p. 31.) settled in the countryside and who were attend- The plenary session was held in the Great ing the confeience, and had a photo taken with Hall of the People and presided over by Vice- them. Chairman Yeh Chien-ying of the C.P.C. Central " These young people expressed the cleter- Committee. Other Party and state leaders at- mination that they would, under the leadership tended the meeting. of the Party Central Committee headed by Chairman Hua's important speech drerv Chairman pbnetratingly Hua, expose and relent- round after round of hearty applause. An Iessly criticize the "gang of four" and make atmosphere of unity and victory prevailed new to the movement contributions of building throughout the meeting hall. Jubilant and in Tachai-type counties all over They the countr5r. high spirits, all present were fully confident pledged earnestly study Marx, to works by of winning still greater victories. Engels, Lenin and Stalin and by .Chairman Mao, firmly take the road of integrating with Chairman Hua and Vice-Chairman Yeh and the workers and peasants and settle in the coun- other Party and state leaders attended another tryside so as to temper themselves into worthy plenary session on the evening of.December 20. Yung-kuei, successors to the proletarian revolutionary cause At the meeting that day, Chen and carry the cause of the proletarian revolution Member of the Political Bureau of the C.P.C. in Chind pioneered by Chairman Mao through Central Committee and Vice-Premier of the to the end. State Council, delivered the report "Thoroughly Criticize the 'Gang of Four' and Bring About The conference was declared. closed after a New Upsurge in the Movement to Build the receptions. Tachai-Type Counties All Over the Country." Chairman Hua and the Party Central Com- (The report will appear in full in a later issue. great was mittee attached importance to this learn- - Ed.) Comrade Chen Yung-kuei's report from-Tachai conference. Chairman Hua made greeted by warm applause.

January 1, 1977 0n the Ten Major Relationships

Moo Tsetung

April 25, 1956 f N recent months the Political Bureau of put an end to the rule of imperialism, feudal- I the Central Committee has heard reports ism and bureaucrat-capitalism and to win on the work of 34 industrial, agricul- victory for the people's democratic revolu- tural, transport, commercial, financial and tion. We are now following the same policy other departments under the central authori- in order to carry on the socialist revolution ties and from these reports has identified a and build a socialist country. Nevertheless, number of problems concerning socialist con- there are some problems in our work that struction and socialist transformation. In all, need discussion. Particularly worthy of they boil down to ten problems, or ten major attention is the fact that in the Soviet Union relationships. certain defects and errors that occurred in It is to focus on one basic policy that the course of their building socialism have these ten problems are being raised, the basic iately come to light. Do you want to follow policy of mobilizing all positive factors, in- the detours they have made? It was by ternal and external, to serve the cause of drawing lessons from their experience that socialism. In the past we followed this policy we were able to avoid certain detours in the of mobilizing all positive factors in order to past, and there is all the more reason for us to do so now. What are the internal and external posi- Comrade Mao Tsetung made this speeeh at an tive factors? Internally, the workers and the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist peasants are the basic force. The middie Party. In the speech, bearing in mind lessons forces are forces that can be won over. The drawn from the Soviet Union, he summed up reactionary forces are a negative factor, but China's experience, expounded ten major relation- even so we should do our work well and turn ships in social.ist revolution and socialist construc- this negative factor as far as possible into a tion and set forth basic ideas about the general line positive one. Internationally, aII the forces of building socialism wiih greater, faster, better and more economical results, a line suited to the con- that can be united with must be united, the ditions of our country. forces that are not neutral can be neutralized t0 PekW Reoiew, No. 7 through our efforts, and even the reactionary or indirect, and strive to build China into a forces can be split and made use of. In short, powerful socialist country. we should mobilize all forces, whether direct I will now discuss the ten problems.

l. The Relotionship Between Heovy lndustry on the One Hond ond Light lndustry ond Agricuiture On the Other

The emphasis in our country's construc- materials necessary for the development of tion is on heavy industry. The production of industry. Our daily necessities are in fairly the means of production must be given prior- good supply and our prices and currency are ity, that's settled. But it definitely does not stable. follow that the production of the means of The problem now facing us is that of grain, subsistence, especially can be neglect- continuing to adjust properly the ration be- ed. IVithout enough food and other daily ne- tween investment in heavy industry on the c€ssities, it would be impossible to provide one hand and in agricultu::e and light indus- for the workers in the first place, and then try on the other in order to bring about a what sense would it make to talk about devel- greater development of the latter. Does this oping heavy industry? Therefore, the rela- mean that heavy industry is no longer pri- tionship between heavy industry on the one mary? It stiil is, it still claims the emphasis hand and light industry and agriculture on in our investment. But the proportion for the other must be properly handled. agriculture and light industry must be somewhat increased. In dealing with this relationship we have not made mistakes of principle. We have What will be the results of this increase? done better than the Soviet Union and a First, the daily needs of the people will be number of East European countries. The better satisfied; second, the accumulation of prolonged failure of the Soviet Union to capital will be,speeded up so that we can reach the highest preOctober Revolution develop heavy industry with greater and level in grain ou@ut, the grave problems betler results. Heavy industry can also ac- arising from the glaring disequilibrium be- cumulate capital but, given our present tween the development of heavy industry economic conditions, light industry and agri- and that of light industry in some East Euro- culture can accumulate more and faster. pean countries - such problems do not exist Here the question arises: Is your desire in our country. Their lopsided stress on to develop heavy industry genuine or feigned, heavy industry to the neglect of agriculture strong or weak? If your desire is feigned or and liglt industry results in a shortage of weak, then you will hit agriculture and light goods on the market and an unstable cur- industry and invest less in thgm. If your rency. 'We, on the other hand, attach more desire is genuine or strong" then you will importance to agriculture and light industry. attach importance to agriculture and light We have a1l along attended to and developed industry so that there will be more grain and agriculture and have to a considerable de- more raw materials for iight industry and a gree ensured the supply of grain and raw greater accumulation of capital. And there

Jonuarg 7,7977 11 will be more funds in the future to invest in indugtry, or at least will put it on a less solid heavy industry. foundation, and when the overall account is added up a few decades hence. it will not There are approaches our now trvo to prove to have paid. The second approach will development of heavy industry: One is to lead to a greater and faster development of develop agriculture and light industry less, heavy industry and. since it ensures the live- and the other is to develop them more. In lihood of the people, it wiil lay a more solid the long run, the first approach will lead to a foundation for the development of heavy smaller and slower development of heavy industry.

ll. The Relotionship Between lndustry in the Coostol Regions ond lndustry in the lnterior

In the past our industry was concen- itv and technical forces of coastal industry. trated in the coastal regions. By coastal re- If we have only five years, not to say ten, we gions we mean Liaoning, Hopei, Peking, should still work hard to develop industries Tientsin, eastern Honan, Shantung, Anhwei, in the coastal regions for four years and evac- Kiangsu, Shanghai, Chekiang, Fukien, uate them when war breaks out in the fifth. Kwangtung and Kwangsi. About 70 per cent According to available information, in light of all our industry, both light and heavy, is industry the construction of a plant and its to be found in the coastal regions anC only accumulation of capital generally proceed 30 per cent in the interior. This irrational quite rapidly. After the whole plant goes situation is a product of history. The coastal into production, it can earll enough in four industrial base must be put to full use, but to years to build three new factories, or two, even out the distribution of industry in the or one or at least half of one, in addition to course of its development we must strive to recouping its capital outlay. Why shouldn't promote industry in ttre interior. We have we do such profitable things? To think that not made any major mistakes on the rela- the atom bomb is already overhead and about tionship between the two. However, in re to fall on us in a matter of seconds is a cal- cent years we have underestimated coastal culation at variance with reality, and it industiy to some extent and have not given would be wrong to take a negative attitude great enough attention to its development. towards coastal industry on this account. This must change. It does not follow that all new factories In the past, fighting was going on in are to be built in the coastal regions. Without Korea and the international situation was doubt, the greater part of the new industry quite tense; this could not but affect our atti- should be located in the interior so that tude towards coastal industry. Now, it seems industry may gradually become evenly dis- unlikely that there will be a new war of tributed; moreover, this will help our prep- aggression against China or another world arations against war. But a number of new war in the near future, and there will prob- factories and mines, even some large ones, ably be a period of peace for a decade or may also be built in the coastal regions. As for more. It would therefore be wrong if we the expansion and reconstruction of the ligilt still fail to make full use of the plant capac- and heavy industries already in the coastal

12 Pekinq Reuieu, No. 7 ::egions, we have done a fair amount of wrl:k To adopt a negative attitude would be to in the past and will do much more in the hinder the latter's speedy growth. So it is future. likewise a question of whether the desire to Making goocl use of and developing the develop industry in the interior is genuine or capacities of the old industries in the coastal not. If it is genuine and not fei6ped, we must regions will put us in a stronger position to more actively use and promote industry, es- promote and support industry in tbe interior. pecially light industry, in the coastal regions.

lll. The Relotionship Betrveen Economic Construction And Defence Construction

National defence is indispensable. Our 1950, we already raised the question of defence capabilities have now attained a cer- streamlining the state apparatus and re- tain level. As a result of the w'ar to resist ducing miiitary and administrative expendi- U.S. aggression and aid Korea and of several tures and considered this measure to be one years of training and consolidation, our arm- of the three prerequisites for achieving a fun- ed forces have grown morle powerful and are damental turn for the better in our financial norv stronger than was the Soviet Red Army and economic situation. In the period of the before the Second World War; also, there First Five-Year Plan, military and adminis- have been improvernents in armaments. Our trative expenditures accounted for 30 per defence industry is being built up. Ever since cent of total expenditures in ttre state budget. Pan Ku separated heaven and earth, we have This proportion is 4uch too high. In the never been able to make planes and cars, and period of the Second !'ive-Year Plan, we now we are beginning to make them. must reduce it to around 20 per cent so that more funds can be released for building more We do not have the atom bomb yet. But more nachines. neither did we have planes and artillery in factories and turning out After a time, we shall not only have plenty of the past- We defeated the Japanese imperial- planes and artillery'but probably have our ists and Chiang Kai-shek with millet plus own atom bombs as well. rifles. We are stronger than before and will be still stronger in the future. We wiil not Here again the question arises: Is your only have more planes and artillery but we desire for the atom bomb genuine and very will also have atom bombs. If we are not to keen? Or is it only lukewarm and not so be builied in the present-day world, we can- very keen? If your desire is genuine and not do without the bomb. Then what is to very keen,'then you will reduce the propor" be done about it? One reliable way is to cut tion of military and administrative expendi- military and administrative expenditures tures and spend more on economic construc- down to appropriate proportions and increase tion. If your desire is not genuine or not so expenditures on economic constructit-rn. Only very keen. you will stay in the old rut. This with the faster grow'th of economic construc- is a matter of strategic principle, and I hope tion can there be more progress in defence the Military Commission will discuss it. construction. lVould it be all right to demobilize all At the Third Plenary Session of the our troops now? No, it would not. For Seventh Central Committee of our Party in enemies are still around, and we are being

Januarg 7, 1977 13 bullied and encircled by them. We must purpose we must first of all strengthen our sbengthen our national defence, and for that work in economic constmction.

lV. The Relotionship Between the Stote, the Units Of Production ond the Producers

The relationship betu,een the state on siasm for labour. When at the end of last the one hand and factories and agricultural year the Central Committee called for a fight co-operatives on the other and the relation- against Right conservatism, the masses of the ship between factories and agricultural co- workers warmly responded and, what was operatives'on the one hand and the produc- exceptional, overfulfiiled the plan for the ers on the other should both be handled first quarter of the year by workihg all out well. To this end we should consider not for three months. We must strive to en- just one side, but must consider all three, the courage this zeal for hard work and at the state, the collective and the individual, or, same time pay still greater attention to as we used to say, "take into consideration solving the pressing problems in their work both the army and the people" and "take into and everyday life. consideration both the public and the private Here.I would like to touch on the ques- interest." In view of the experience of the tion of the independence the factories Soviet Union as well as our own, we must of under unified leadership. It's not right, I'm see to it that from now on this problem is afraid, place everything hands of solved much better. to in the the central or the provincial and municipal Take the workers for example. As their authorities without leaving the factories any labour productivity rises, there should be a po\,eer of their own, any room for indepen- gradual improvement their working con- in dent action, atry benefits. We don't have ditions and collective welfare. We have al- much experience on how to share power and ways advocated plain living and hard work returns properly among the central authori- and opposed putting personal material bene- ties, the provincial and municipal.authorities fits above everything else; at the same time we have always advocated concern for the and the factories, and we should study the livelihood of the masses and opposed bureau- subject. In principle, centralization and cracy, which is callous to their well-being. independence forming a unity of opposites, With the growth of our economy as a whole, there must be both centralization and inde- wages should be appropriatel-v adjusted. We pendence. For instance, we are now having have recently decided to increase wages to a meeting, which is centralization; after the some extent, mainly the wages of those at meeting, some of us will go for a walk, some the lower levels, the wages of the'workers, in will read books, some will go to eat, which order to narrow the wage gap between them is independence. If we don't adjourn the and the upper levels. Generally speaking, meeting and give everyone some indepen- our wages are not high, but compared with dence but iet it go on and on, wouldn't it be the past the life of our workers has greatly the death of us all? This is true of individ- improved because, among other things, more uals, and no less true of factories and other people are employed and prices remain low units of production. Every unit of production and stable. Under the regime of the proie- must enjoy independence as the correlative tariat, our workers have unfailingly d.rsplay- of centralization if it is to develop more ed high political eonsciousness and enthu- vigorously,

14 PekW Reoieu, No. 1 Now about the peasants. Our relations been relatively low. In the exchange of in- with the peasants have always been good, dustrial and agricultural products we follow but rve made a mistake on the question of a policy of narrowing the price scissors, a grain. In 1954 floods caused a decrease in policy of exchanging equal or roughly equal production in some parts of our country, values. The state buys agricultural products and yet we purchased 7,000 million more at standard prices while the peasants suffer catties of grain. A decrease in production no loss, and, what is more, our purchase and an increase in purchasing this made prices are gradually being raised. In supp)y- grain the topic on almost everyone's- lips in ing the peasants with manufactured goods many places last spring, and nearly every we follow a policy of larger sales at a small househoid taiked about the state marketing profit and of stabilizing or appropriately re- of grain. The peasants were disgruntled, and ducing their prices; in supplying grain to the there were a lot of complaints both inside and peasants in grain-deficient areas we general- outside the Party. Although quite a few Iy subsidize such sales to a certain extent. people indulged in deliberate exaggeration Even so, mistakes of one kind or another will and exploited the opportunity to attack us, it occur if \r,e are not carefui. In view of the cannot be said that we had no shortcoming. grave mistakes made by the Soviet Union Inadequate investigation and failure to size on this question, we must take greater care up the situation resulted in the purchase of and handle the relationship between the state 7,000 million more catties; that was a short- and the peasants well. coming. After discovering it, we purchased Similarly, the relationship between the 7,000 million less catties in 1955 and intro- co-operative and the peasants should be well duced a system of tixed quotas for grain handled. What proportion of the earnings cf production, purchasing and inarketing and, a co-operative should go to the state, to the what's more, there was a good harvest. With co-operative and to the peasants respectively a decrease in purchasing and an increase in and in what form should be determined prop- production, the peasants had over 20,000 mil- erly. The amount that goes to the co-opera- lion more catties of grain on their hands. Thus tive is used directly to sbrve the peasants. even those peasants who had complaints be- Production expenses need no explanation, fore said, "The Communist Party is really management expenses'are also necessary, the good." This lesson the whole Party must accumulation fund is for expanded reproduc- bear in mind. tion and the public welfare fund is for the peasants' well-being. However, together with has measures The Soviet Union taken the peasants, we should work out equitahle which squeeze the peasants very hard. It ratios among these items. We must strictly takes away too much from the peasants at economize on production and management too low a price through its system of so-called expenses. The accumulation fund and the obligatory sales and other measures. This public welfare fund must also be kept with- methoci of capital accumulation has seriously in limits, and one shouldn't expect a1l good dampened the peasants' enthusiasm for pro- things to be done in a single year. duction. You want the hen io lay more eggs i and yet you don't feed it, you want the horse Ex"ept in case of extraordinary natural disasters, we must 'see given in- to run fast. and yet you don't let it graze. to it that, creased agricultural production, 90 per cenf What kind of logic is this! of the co-operative members get some in- Our policies towards the peasants differ crease in their income and the other 10 per from those of the Soviet Union and take into cent break even each year, and if the latter's account the interests of both the state and income should fall, ways must be found to tlre peasants. Our agricultural tax has always solve the problem in good time.

January ti ruzr 75 h &" k In short, consideration must be given to give consideration to only one side, which- rL. both sides, not to just one,.whether are may and s they ever it be, is harrnful to socialism ti.r the state and the factory, the state and the to the dictatorship of the proletariat. This ;!i ' worker. the factory and the worker, the state is a big question which concerns 600 million lr:' F and the co-operative, the state and the peas- people, and it calls for repeated education in * ant, or the co-operative and the peasant. To the whole Party and the whole nation. f k, F {

V. The Relotionship Between the Centrol Authorities And the Locol Authorities

The relationship between the central au- for them. Once a miniBtry is set up, it wants thorities and the local authorities constitutes to have a revolution and so it issues orders. another contradiction. To resolve this con- Since the various ministries don't think it tradiction, our attention should now be fo- proper to issue them to the Party committees cused on how to enlarge the powers of the and people's councils at the provincial level, local authorities to some extent, give them they es.tablish direct contact with the relevant greater independence and let them do more, departments and bureaus in the provinces all on the premise that the'unified leader- and municipalities and give them orders I ship of the central authorities is to be every day. These orders are all supposed to I strengthened. This will be advantageous to come from the central authorities, even . our task of building a powerful socialist though neither the Centrai Committee of the country. Our territory is so vast, our popu- Party nor the State Council knows anything ; lation is so large and the conditions are so about them, and they put a great strain on complex that it is far better to have the ini- the local authorities. There is such a flood of tiative come from both the' central and the statistical forms that they become a scourge. local authorities than frona one source alone. This state of affairs must be changed. the We must ncit follow the example of We should encourage the style of work Soviet Uniorr in concentrating'everything in in which the local authorities are consulted hands of the the central authorities, shackling on the matters to be taken up. It is the prac- the the local authorities and denying them tice of the Central Committee of the Party to right of independent action. consult the local authorities; it never hastily The central authorities want to develop issues orders withodt prior consultation: We industry, and so do the local authorities. Even hope that the various ministries and depart- industries directly under the central authori- ments under the central authorities qiaiil pay ties need assistance from the local authori- due attention to this and will first confer ties. And all the more so for agriculture and with the localities on all matters concerning commerce. In short, if we are to promote, them and not issue any order without full socialist construction, we must bring the ini- consultation. tiative of the local authorities into play. If The central departments fall into two central we are to strengthen the authorities, categories. Those in the first category exer- we must attend to the interests of the locali- cise leadership right down to the enterprises, ties. but their administrative offices and enter- At present scores of hands are reaching prises in the localities are also subject to out to the localities, making things difficult supervision by the local authorities. Those in

16 Peki.rW Rersiero, No. 7 the second have the task of laying down There is also the relationship between guiding principles and mapping out work different local authorities, and here I refer plans, while the local authorities assume the chiefly to the relationship between the high- responsibility and put them into operation. er and lower local authorities. Since the provinces For a large country iike ours and a big and municipalities have their own Party like ours the proper handling of the complaints about the central departments, relationship between the central and local can it be that the prefectures, counties, authorities is a matter of vital importance. districts and townships have no complaints Some capitalist countries pay great attention about the provinces and municipalities? . The to this too. Although their social system is central authorities should take care to give fundamentally different from ours, the ex- scope to the initiative of the provinces and perience of their growth is nevertheless municipalilies, and in their turn the latter worth studying. Take our own experience, should do the same for the prefec- the system of the greater administrative area tures, counties, districts and townships; instituted in the early days of our Republic in neither case should the lower levels was a necessity at that time, and yet it had be put in a strait-jacket. Of course comrades shortcomings which were later exploiied to at the lower levels must be informed a certain extent by the Kao Kang-Jao Shu- of the matters on which centralization is shih anti-Party alliance. It was subsequently necessary and they must not act as they decided to-abolish the greater administrative please. In short, centralization must be en- areas and put the various provinces directly forced where it is possible and necessary, under the central authorities; that was a cor- otherwise it should not be imposed at all. The rect *,decision. But neither was the outcome provinces, municipalities, prefectures, coun- so sitisfactory when matters went to the ties, districts and townships should all en- length of depriving the localities of their nec- joy their own proper independence and essary independence. According to our Con- rights and should fight for them. To fight stitution, the legislative powers are all vested for such rights in the interest of the whole in the central authorities. But the local au- nation and not of a local department cannot thorities may work out rules, regulations and be called localism or an undue assertion of measures in the light of their specific condi- independence. tions and the needs of their work, provided The relationship between different prov- that the policies of the central authorities are inces and municipalities is also a kind of noJ prohibited vjolated, and this is in no way relationship between different :local authori- by the Constitution. We unity want both ties and it should be pioperly handled too. and paiticularity. To build a powerful so- It is our consistent principle to advocate con- cialist country it is imperative to have a sideration for the genBral interest and mu- strong and unified central leadership and tual help and mutual accommodation. unified planning and discipline throughout the country; disruption of this indispensable Our experience is still insufficient and unity is impermissible. At- the same time, it immature on the question of handling the is essential to hring the initiative of the local relationship between the central and local authorities into full play and let each locality authorities and that between different local enjoy the particularity suited to its local con- authorities. We hope that you will consider ditions- This particularity is not the Kao and discuss it in earnest and sum up your Kang type of particularity but one that is experience from time ,to time so as to en- necessary for the interest of the whole and hance achievements and overcome short- for the strengthening of natioiral unity. comings.

January 1, 1977 17 Vl. The Relotionship Between the Hon Notionslity ond The Minority Notionolities

Comparatively speaking, our policy on sultant influences in a short time even among tbe relationship between the Han nationality the working people. So we have to make and the minority nationalities is sound and extensive and sust1ined efforts to educate bas won the favour of the minority national- both the cadres and the masses in our pru- ities. We put the emphasis on opposing Han letarian nationality poliey and make a point chauvinism. Local-nationality chauvinism of frequently reviewing the relationship be- must be opposed too, but generally that is tween the Han nationality and the minorily not where our emphasis lies. nationalities. One glrch review was made two The population of the minority nationali- years ago and there should be another one ties in our country is small, but the area they now. If the relationship is found to be abnor- inhabit is large. The Han people comprise mal, then we must deal with it in real earnest 94 per cent of the population, an overwhelm- and not just in words. ing majority. practised If they Han chauvin- We need to make a thorough study of ism and discriminated against the minority what systems of economic management and peoples, that would be very bad. And who finance will best suit the minority nationality has more land? The minority nationalities, areas. who occupy 50 to 60 per cent of the territory. We say China is a country vast in territory, We must sincerely and actively help the rich in resources and large in population; as a minority nationalities to develop their icon- matter of fact it is the Han nationality whose omy and culture. In the Soviet Union the population is large and the minority nation- relationship between the Russian nationality alities whose territory is vast and whose 16 and the minority nationalities is very abnor- sources are rich, or at least in all probability mal; we should draw a lesson from this. The their resources under the soil are rich. air in the atmosphere, the forests on the earth The minority nationalities have all con- and the riches under the soil are all impor- tributed to the making of China's history. tant factors needed for the building of social- The huge Han population is the result of the ism, but no material factor can be exploited intermingling of many nationalities over a and utilized without the human factor. We long time. All through the ages, the reaction- must foster good relations between the Han ary rulers, chiefly from the Han nationality, nationality and the minority nationalities and sowed feelings ol estrangement among otrr strengthen the'unity of all the nationalities various nationalities and bullied the minority in the common sndqavour to build our great peoples. It is not easy to eliminate the re socialist motherland.

Vll. The. Relotionship Between Porty ond Non-Porty

Which is better, to have just one party true in the past and may well be so for the or several? As we see it now, it's perhaps future; it means long-term coexistence and better to have several parties. This has been mutual supervision

18 Pekfury. Retsieu, No. 7 In our country the many demoeratie par- this is also true of the attitude of the dem* ties, consisting primarily of the national ocratic parties on many questions. They bourgeoisie and its intellectuals, emerged are in opposition, and yet not in opposition, during the resistance to Japan and the strug- often proceeding from being in opposition to gle against Chiang Kai-shek, and they con- not being in opposition. tinue to exist to this day. In this respect, The Communist Party and the democrat- China is different from the Soviet Union. ic parties are all products of history. What We have purposely let the denroeratic parties emerges in history disappears in history. remain, giving them opportunities to gx- Therefore, the Communist Party will disap- press their views'and adopting a policy of pear one day, and so will the democratic par- both unity and stargglrt6'$0'atds them. We ties. Is this disappearance so unpleasant? In unite with all those democratic personages my opinion, it will be very pleasant. I think who offer us their eriticis-rns with good in- it is just fine that one day we will be able tentions. We should go oE activating the en- to do away with the Communist Party and thusiasm of such people from ttre Kuomin- the dictatorship of the proletariat. Our task tang army and governrnent as Wei Li-huang is to hasten their e:united front said, the Common Programme was just per- work so as to improve our relations with fect, and yet when the Draft Constitution them and should m,ake every possible effort eame out, their hands all went up in favour. to mobilize their enthusiasm for the cause of Things often turn into their opposite, and socialism.

Januarg 7,7977 19 Vlll. The Relotionship Between Revolution ond Counter-Revolution

lVhat kind of a factor are counter-revolu- if we did not kill off such local despots as tionariis? They are a negative factor, a the "Tyrant of the East" and the "Tyrant of destructive factor, they are forces opposed to the West." But for that c4m,paign of sup' the positive factors. Is it possible for coun- pression, the people wouid not have approved ter-revolutionaries to change? The die-hards our present policy of lenigncy. Nop that will undoubtedly never change. However, some people have heard that Stalin wrongly given the conditions in our country, most of put a number of people to death, they jump the counter-revolutionaries will eventually to the conclusion that we too were wrong in change to a greater or*lesser extent. Thanks putting to death tfrat group of counter- to the correct policy we adopted, many have revolutionaries. No,' that's not true. It is of been transformed into persons no longer op- irnmediate significance today to affirm that posed to the revolution, and a few harie even it was absolutely right to execute those done some good. counter-revolutionaries. The following points should be affirmed: Second, it should be affirmed that First, it should be affirmed that the sup- counter-revolutionaries still exist, though pression of counter-revolutionaries in lgbl- their number has greatly diminished. After 52 was necessary. There is a view that this the Hu Feng case surfaced, it was necessary camrpaign needn't have been launched. This to ferret out counter-rbvolutionaries. The is wrong. effort to clear out those who remain hidden go be aflirmed that there Cpunter-revolutionaries may be dealt must on. It should with in these ways: execution, imprisonment, are still a small number of counter-revolu- supervision and leaving at large. Execution tionaries who are carrying out counter- * everybody knows what that means. By revolutionary sabotage of one kind or imprisonmerit we mean putting counter- another. For example, they kill cattle, burn reyolutionaries in jail and reforming them grain, wreck factories, steal information and through labour. By supervision we mean put up reactionary posters. Consequently, it leaving them in society to be reformed under is wrong to say that counter-revolutionaries the.supervision of the masses. By leaving at have been completely eliminated and that we large we mean that generally no arrest is can therefore lay our heads on our pillows mdde in those cases where it is marginal a4d just drop off to sleep. As long as class whether to make an arrest, or that those ar- struggle exists in China and in the world, restgd are set free for good behaviour. It is we should never relax our vigilance. Never- essential that different counter-revolution- theless, it would be equally wrong to assert aiies should bei dealt with differently on the that there are still large numbers of counter- rnerits ef each\case. revolutionaries. Now let's take execution in particular. Third, fronr, now on there shduld be True, we executed a number of people dur- fewer arrests and executions in the suppres- ing.the abovemrentioned campaign to sup- sion of counter-revolutionaries in society at - press counter-revolutionaries. But what sort large. They are the r rortal and immediate of peopte were they? They were counter- enemies of the people and are deepiy hated revolutionaries who owed the masses many by them, and therefore a small ntrmber blood debts and were bitterly hated b5r them. should be exeeuted. But most of them shouid In a great revolution embracing 600 million be handed ovbr to the agricultural co-opera- people, the masses would not be abie to rise tives and made to do farm work under su-

20 Pekinb Reuieu, No. 7 l't

p$ision and be .reformed thro:rgh labour. these counter-revolutionaries won't (1) raise All the same; we cannot announce that there production, (2) raise the country's scientific tbill be no more executions, and we must not level, (3) help do away with the iour pests, dholish the death penalty. (4) strengthen national defence, or (5) help recover Taiwan. It will only earn ybu the Fourth, in clearing out counter-revolu- reputation: of killing captives, and killing tionaries in Party and government organs, captives has always given one a bad name. schools ahd army units, we must adhere to Another point is that counter-revolutionaries the policy staited in Yenan of none "killing inside Party and government organs are dif- and arresting . few." Confirmed counter- ferent from those in society at large. The revolutionaries are to be screened by the latter lord it over the masses while the. organizations concerned, and public the former are somewhat rremoved from the security bureaus are not to make any arrest, masses, and therefore make enemies in gen- the proeuratorial organs are not tp start any . eral but seldom enemies in particular. What legal proceedings and the law courts are not harm, is there in not killing any 6f them?. to put anyone on trial. WelI over 90 Those who are physically fit for manual out'of every hundred counter-revolutionaries labour should be reformed through labour, should be dealt with in this This is way. and those who are not should be provided what we mean by "arresting few." As for for. Counter-revolutionaries att worthless, executions, kill none. they are verrnin, but once in your hands, you Whai kind of people are those we doh't can make them perfonn some kind of service execute? We don't execute people like Hu for the people. Feng, Pan Han-nien, Jao Shu-shih, or even But shall we enact a law stipulating that captured war criminals such as Emperor Pu no counter-revolutionary in Party and Yi and Kang Tse. We don't have them government organs is to be executed? Ours executed, not because their crimes don't is a policy for internal observance which deserve capital punishment but because such need not be made public, and all we need-do executions would yield no advantage. If one is carry it out as far as possible in practice. such criminal is executed, a second and a Supposing someone should throw a bomb into third will be compared with hirn in their this building, killing everybody herei or half crimes and then many heads wiil begin to or onerthird the people present, what roll. This is my first point. Second, people .of woul$ you say to execute or not to execute may be wrongly exeeuted. Once a head is him? Certainly -he must be executed. chopped off, history shows it can't be restored, nor can it grow again as chives do, Adopting the policy of killing norte when after being cut. If you cut off a head by eliminating counter-revolutionaries from mristake, there is no way to rectify the Party and government organs in no way mistake, even if you want to. The third point prevents us from being strict with ther:l. is that you will have destroyed a source of Instead, it serves as a safeguard against ir- evidence. Ysu need evidence in order to retrievable mistakes, and if misiakes are suppress counter-revolutionaries. Often one made, it gives us an opportunity to correct counter-revolutiortary serves as a living them. In this way many people will be put witness against another, .and there are cases: at ease and distrust among comrades inside where you may want to consult him. If you the Party avoided. If eounter-revolutionaries have got rid of him, you may not be able to are not executed, they have to be fed. All get evidence any more. And this will be to counter-rgvolutionaries should be given a the advantage of counter-revolution and not way out through earning a living,. so that of revolution. The fourth point is that kilting they can start anew. This will;.be good, for

January 1, 1977 21 the cause of the people and be well received government orgaru, schools and army units. abroad. We must draw a clear distinction between lbe suppressi6n of counter-revolutiona- ourselves and the enemy. If the enemy is ries still calls for hard work. We must not allowed to worrnr his way into our ranks and re1ax. In future not only must the suppres- even into our organs oJ leadership, w€ know sion of eounter-revolutionaries in society only too well hotrr serious a threat this will be @ntinue, but we must also uncover all the to the gause of socialisrr and to the dicta- hidden counter-revolutionaries in Party and torship of the proletariat.

lX. The Relotionship Between Right ond Wrong

A clear distinction must be made be- barred from the revolution those who had tween right and wrong, whether inside or committed errors, drawing no distinction be- outside the Party. How to deal with peopie tween the making of mistakes and counter- who have made mistakes is an important revoliition,'and went so far as to kill a num,- question. The correct attitude towards them ber of people who were guilty only of mis- shouid be to adopt'a policy of "learning from takes. We mrust take this lesson to heart. It past mistakes to avoid future ones and curing is bad either to bar people outside the Party the sickness :to save the patient" and.to help from the revolution or to prohibit erring them to correct their mistakes and to allow comrades inside the Party from making them to go on taking part in the revolution. amends. In those days when the dogmatists headed With regard to comrades who have err- by Wang Ming were in the saddle, our Party ed, some people say we must observe them erred on this question, picking up the bad and see if they are going to correct their aspect of Stalin's style of work. In society mistakes. just them the dogmatisfs rejected the middle forces, I would say observing while inside the Party they did not allow will not do, we must help them correct their people to correct their mistakes and take part mistakes. That is to say, first we must in the revolution. observe and seiond we must give help. Everybody needs help; those who have not The True Story oJ Ah Q is a fine story. done wrong need it and those who have need I would recommend comrades who have read it still more. Probably no one is free from it before to reread it and those who haven't mistakes, ohly some make more and some to read it carefully. In this story Lu Hsun less, and once they do they need help. It writes mainly about a peasant who is back- is passive just to observe; conditions must ward and poiitically unawakened. He de- be created to help those who have erred to votes a whole chapter, "Barred From the mend their ways. A clear distinEtion must be Revolution," to describing how a bogus drawn between right and wrong, for inner- foreign devil bars Ah Q from the revolution. Party controversies over principle are a Actually, all Ah Q understands by revolution reflecJion inside the Party of the class is helping himself to h few things just like struggle in soeiety, and no equivocation is some others. But even this kind of revolution to be tolerated. It is normal, in accordance is denied him by the bogus foreign devil. It with the merits of the case, to mete out ap" seems to me that in this respect some people propriate and well-grounded eriticism to are quite like that bogus foreign devil. They comrades who have erred, and even to con-

22 Pelcittg Revieus, No. 1 fI ,'.?'-

-.!!i'.L 't . a' duct necqssa+?ss,.:Py++?56eiTF +!afu1.$eA; this is fuI, for those who fif" people gUt$y of to help them,to cbrreet fristriLkes., ' To deny mistakes wjll mole often than not e!i$- W :ivfiat' them rhelp-air&r tr'\i'ors;, to gloat ower finding t[remselves.-_rn a -fi:c Kqg firig started out to lift _ a rock,to hurlrgt- others their: mislakes, is,seetarianism. - : i" 'unly to find himself b-ei5r$,knoc.ked"il down. to For revolution, it is always better Treating with good will those who have erred have more people. Except for a few who will win general approval and unite people. cling to their nristakes and fail to mend their A hetpful attitude or a hostile attitude ways after nepeated admonition, the majority towards comrades who have erred this is of those who have ,erred can correct their a criterion for judging whether one- is well- mistakes. Peopie who have had typhoid be intentioned sr ill-intentioned. corne immune to it; similarly, people who have made mistakes will make fewer enes The policy of "learning from' past provided they are good at drawing lessons. mistakes to avoid future ones and curing the On the other hand, sinee it is easier for those sickness to save the patient" is a poiicy for ',rho have not erred to become cocky, they uniting the whole Party. We mmst stick to are prone to make mistakes. Let us be care this policy.

X. The Relotiqnship Between Chino ond Other Countries

We have put forward the slogan of learn- the future or the present,. has its own two ing from other cnuntries. I think we have aspects, and each individual has.his own two been right. At present, the leaders of some aspects. In short, there are two aspects, not countries are char5r, and even afraid, of adjust one. To say there is only one is to be vancing this slogan. It takes some cgurage to aware of one aspect and to be ignorant of the do that'; in other words, theatrical airs have other. to be discarded. Our policy is to learn frona the strong It must be admitted that every nation points of all nations and all counf,ries, learn has its strong points. If not, how can it sur- all that is genuinely good in the political, vive? How can it progress? On the other economic, scientific and technological fields hand, every nation has its weak points. Some and in literature and art. But we must learn believe that socialism is just perfect, without with an analytical and cnitical €y€, not a single flaw. How can that be true? It must btindly, and we mustn't copy everything in- be recognized that there are. always twt) discriminately and transplant mechanically. aspects, the strong points and the weak Naturally, we mustn't pick up their short- points. The secretaries of our Party branch- comings and weak points. es, the company commanders and platoon We same attitude in leaders of our .arrny have all learnt to jot should adopt the down both aspects in their pocket notebooks, learning from the extrrerience of the Soviet the weak points as well as the strong ones, Union and other socialist countries. Some of when summing up thqir work experiencd. our people were not clear about this before I They all know there are two aspects to and even picked up their weaknesses. While everything. Why do we mention only one? they were swelling with pride over what There will always be two aspects, even ten they had picked up, it was already being dir thousand years from now. Each age, whether carded in those countries; as a result, they

Januory 1,1977 23 i*

h4fl t9 do a somersault Iike the Monkey Sun victory of the Tito type, and in 1949 and 1950 !!fu*uirg. ['or instancg, there were ieople the pressure on us was very great indeed. rto rored:us of making a mistake of prin- Even so, we rrnintain the estimate of 30 per r{Fti fo setting up alMinistry of Culture and cent for his mistakes and ?0 per cent for his r:. .-3 I trreau of Cinen:ratography rather than a achievements. This is only fair. Eitishry of Cinematography and a Bureau f' In the social sciences and Marxism- d Culturd', as was the case in the Soviet in tu Ireninism, we must'eontinue IIEhr. 'They did irot anticipate that shortly to study Stalin 'F- ''dhii*ards diligently wherever be is What we .:f the Soviet Union would make a right. ;t*: must study is all that is universally true and rJ efig. and set up e lVlinistry of Culture as r*-- we must make sure that this study is linked si relad done. Some people never take the l: with Chinese reality. It would lead to a mess Sr trouble to analyse, they sinr,ply follow the if every single sentence, even of Mim's, were H "vrind." Tgday, when the north wind is i.i followed. Our theoiy is'an integration of the Slr blowing; they join the "north wind" schopl; universal truth Marxism-Leninism with [3 tomorrow, when ttrere is a west wind, they of tlir the concrete practige of the Chinese revolu- F.- switch to the "west wind" school; afterwards F tion. At one time some people in tb€ ParqF E when the north wind blows again, they n went in for dogmatism, and this came under E' iwitch back to the "north wind" school. They ;_ our criticism. Nevertheless, dogmatism is hold no independent opinion of their own t- still in evidence today. It stiii'exists in F' and often go from one extreme to the other. i"- academic circles and in economic circles too. In the Soviet Union, those who once ex- In the natural sciences v/e are rather F tolled Stalin to the skies have now in one i backward, and here we should make a special swoop consigned him io purgatory. Here in effort to learn from foreign countries. And China some people are following their yet must learn critically, not blindly. In example. It is the opinion of the Central rve technology think at first we have to follow Con:,:nrittee that Stalin's mistakes amount I others in most cases, and it is better for us to oniy 30 per cent of the whole and to do so, since at present we! are lacking in his achievements to ?0 per cent, and that all technology and know little aboirt it. things considered Stalin was nonetheless a However, in those cases where we already great We wrote the Historical |Vlarxist. "On have clear knowledge, we must not follow Experien0e of the Dictatorship of the Prole- tariat" on the basis of this evaluation. This assessment of 30 per cent for mistakes and We must firmly reject dnd criticizl ail ?0 per cent for achievements is just about the' decadent. bourgeois systems, ideologies right. Stalin ilid a number of wrong things and ways of life of foreign countries. But in connection with China. T'he "Left" adven- this should in no way prevent us from learn- turism pursued by Wang Ming in the latter ing the advanced sciences and technologies part of the Second Revolutionary Civil War of capitalist countries and whatev€r is scien- period and his Right opportunisrnin the early tific in the management of their enterprises. days of the War of Resistanee Against Japan In the industrially developed countries they can both be traced to Stalin. At the time of run their eilterprises with fewer people and the War of Liberation, Stalin first wouldn't gneater efficiency and. they know how to do let us press on with the revolution, maintain- business. All this shsuld be learnt well in ing that if civil war flared up, the Chinese accordance with our own principles so that natibn ran the risk of destroying itself. Then our work can be improved. Nowadays, those when fightiag did erupt, he took us half who make English their study no Ionger seriously, half sceptically. When we won work hard at it, and research papers are no the war, Stalin suspected that ours was a longer translated into English, French, Ger-

24 PekbW Retsieut, No, 7 man or Japanese for exchange with other Revolution. As a result, many people in the countries. This too is a kind of blind prej- Soviet Qnion are conceited and very arrogant. udice. Neither the indiscriminate rejection of everything foreign, whether scientific, . Our two weaknesses are also strong points. technological or cultural, nor the indiscrim- As I have said elsewhere, we are first and second By I inate imitation of everything foreign as "poor" "blank." "poor" mean we do not have much industry and our mentioned above, has anyttring in common agriculture is underdeveloped. with the Marxist attitude, and they in no By "blank" mean we are like a blank sheet paper way benefit our cause. I of and our cultural and scientific level is not In my opinion, China has two weakness- high. From the standpoint of potentialitn es, which are at the same time two strong this is not bad. The poor want revolution points. whereas it is difficult for the rich to want revolution. Countries with a high scientific First, in the past China was a colonial and tectpological level are overblown with and serni-colonial country, not an imperialist arrogance. We are like a biank sheet of power, aild was always bullied by others. Its paper, which is good for writing on. industry and agriculture are not developed and its scientific and technological level is Being "tr)oor" and "blank" is therefore low, and except for its vast territory, rich re all to our good. Even when one day our sources, large popula-tion, long history, The couqtry becomes strong and prosperous, we Dream of the Red, Clwmbar in literature, and must still adhere to the revolutionary stand, so on, China is inferior to other countries in remain modest and prudent, learn from other many respects, and go has no reason.to feel countries and not allow ourselves to become conceited. However,. theie are people who, swollen with conceit. We must not only learn having been slaves too long, feel inferior in frona other countries during the period of our everything and don't stand iip straight in the First Five-Year Plan, but must go on doing so after the completion scores five-year Bf,epence of foreigners. They are just like of of Chia Kuei in the opera The Famen Temple plans. We rnust be ready to learn even ten who, when asked to take a seat, refuses to do thousand years from now. Is there anything so, giving the excuse that he is used to stand- bad about that? ing in attendance. Here we need to bestir I have taken up ten topics altogether. ourselv€s, enhance our national confidence These ten relationships are all contradictions. and encourage the spirit typified by "Scorn The world consists of contradictions. \Mith- U.S. imperialism," which was fostered dur- out contradictions the world would cease to ing the rnovement to resist U.S. aggression exist. Otir task is to handle these contradic- and aid Korea. tions.correctly. As to whether or not these Seeond, our revolution came late. contradietions can in practice be resolved en- Although the 1911 Revolution which bver- tirely to our satisfaction, we must be pre threw the Ching em,peror preceded the pared for either possibility; furthermore, in Russian revolution, there was no Communist the course of resolving these contradictions Farty at that time and the revolution failed. we are bound to come up against new ones, The victory of the people's revolution came new problems. But as we have often said, in 1949, more than 30 years after the while the road ahead is tortuous, the future October Revolution. On this,account too, we is bright. We must cio our best to mobilize are not in a position to feel conceited. The all positive factors, both inside'and outside Soviet Union differs from our country in the Party, both at home and abroad, both that, firstly, tsarist Bussia was an imperialist direct and indirect, and build China into a power and, secondly, it had the Octpber powerful socialist country.

January 1, 1977 25 Eternol Glory to Choirmon Moo Isetung

Full-length colour documentory on mourning - the deoth of the greot leoder ond teocher Choirmon Moo Tsetung illltlllltltlttltltlililil]tlltilllllliltltlttltlttttlllilllttlttiltilttltlttttttttlilil1ttlilililillllltlt f N solemn commemoration of the 83rd anniver- rending and solemn funeral music reverberates r sary of the birthday of the great leader and in the air. The national flag is flown at haU- teacher Chairman Mao Tselung, which fell on mast all dver the country. When the "Message December 26, 1976, the full-length colour to the Whole Party, the Whole Army and the documentary Etemal Glory to the Great Leailer People of All Nationalities, Throughout the anil Teacher Choirman Mao Tsetung began Country" from the Central Committee of the December 24 Peking other showing on in and Communist Party of China, the Standing Com- cities across the country. mittee of the National People's Congress, the This historic film records the scenes between State Council and the Military Cdmmission of September 9 and 18, 1976 of the people of China the C.P.C. Central Committee announces the and the rest of the world mourning with im- extremely sad news of the death of Chairman mense grief the death of Chairman Mao Mao, hundreds of millions of armymen and Tsetung, the great leader of our Party, our army people are plunged into the deepest grief, some and the people qf all nationalities in our country weeping and others sobbing their hearts out. and the great teacher of the international pro- People of various nationalities hotd solemn letariat and oppressed nations and oppressed memorial ceremonies that have their own people. Using shots from old films showing national characteristics. Wearing white flowers great revolutionary Chairman Mao's activities, and blaik armbarids and in tears, they male the documentary sings the praises of his mag- wreaths and arrange memorial halls. nificent contributions and eulogizes invincible Mao Tsetung Thought. It also feqtures the firm Chairman Mao Tsetung was the glorious determination oI the Chinese armymen and founder and wise leader of the Communist civilians in their hundreds of millions to turn Party of China, the Chinese People's Liberation grief into strength, carry out Chairman Mao's Army and the People's Republic of China and behests and carry the proletarian revolutionary the greatest Marxist of the eontemporary era. cause through to the end. His death was an inestimable loss to our Party, The film begins by taking the viewers back our army and the people of all nationalities in to September 9 last year and the days of deep our country, to the international proletariat and sorrow that followed. The scudding clouds, the the revolutionary people the world over and tbwering mountains and the stormy sea seen on to the international . communist movement. the screerr show the whole world shaken by the Mourning activities in the capital city of Peking sad news of Chairman Mao's death. Chairman and the rest of China and in various parts of Mao's portraits are draped in black. The heart- the world demonstrate the profound feelings of

26 Peking Reuiew, No. 7 the Chinese people, the international proletariat Kuo-feng and carry through to the end the pro- and friends in the five continents have for letarian r.evolutionary cause in China pioneered Chairman Mao Tsetung. by Chairman Mao. The documentary shows the solemn Among,the mourners paying.their respects memorial ceremony in the Great Hall of the to the remains of Chairman Mao are many People in Peking from September 11 to 17. visiting representatives of frhternal Parties, Filled with immense'grief, Comrade Hua Kuo- friends from various countries and ambassadors, feng and other Party and state leaders pay their diplomatic envoys, experts and students from foreign countries in Peking. respects to the remains of Chairman Mao and stand vigil beside his catafalque. Grieved In those days of deep mourning, solemn beyond control, groups of workers, peasants, memorial ceremonies were held all over the P.L.A. commanders and fighters, revolutionary country. In the Taching Oilfield and the Tachai cadres, revolutionary intellectuals, Red Guards, Production Brigade, on Chenpao Island .and Litile Red Guards and city inhabitants walk Inner Mongolia's grasslands, in Tibet and Sin- into the memorial hall with heavy steps to phy kiang; as well as in the former revolutionary their respects to the body of Chairman Mao and centres and places of historic signif.icance such in bid farewell to him who was dearest to them. as the former residence of Chairman Mao They pledge to rally closely round the Party Shaoshan in Hunan Province, the site of the Central Committee headed by Comrade Hua (Conti.nueil on p. 30.)

Photo Erhibition "Chairman Mao Will Live Foi Ever in Our Hearts" A PHOTO exhibition, "Chairman Mao Will Also on di3play are photos showing Chair- A Live tr'or Ever in Our Heaits," opened in man Mao together wrth Premier Chou, with Peking on December 25. Chairman Chu Teh of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, and with photos The 229 on display deal with the Chairman Hua and other leading comrades of life of our great leader Chairman Mao, the the central authorities.. mouirring of his death by the people in Peking and all over the cormtr5r, the cornerstone-laying To rrsurp Party and state power, the anti- ceremony lor the Chairman Mao Memorial Hall Party "gang. of fou-r" did their utmost to use news photos play themselves up and fran- and the activities organized by the people of to tically oppose the great Ieader Chairman Mao, all nationalities throughout the country to ex- the esteemed and beltived Premier Chou, and press their determination to carry out Chairman Chairman Hua and other leading comrades in Mao's behests and turn grief into strength. the central authorities. Only after the "gang of The photos of Chairman Mao's life show four" was smashed and with the kind attention the brilliant image of Chairman Mao who dedi- of the Party Central Committee headed by cated his whole life to the Chinese revolution Chairman Hua ean these precious photos bg put display. and the world revolution and recapture his great on activities in various historical periods of the The 19?6 National Photo Exhibition opened revolution. in Peking on the same day.

January 1, L977 27 The great leador and teacher Chairman Mao Tsetuns - (19b9).

Chairman Mao and Pre- mier Chou ot the 24th Sesslon of lhe Central Peo- DIe's Government Councll (r9$,. Risht: Chairman Mao and Cortr- rade Kang Sheng (tirst lrom right), Comrade Chen Yl (third lrom rlsht) alo.d Comrade IIo tunSl (secondl, f?am rlght) at Pehing Air- nort (1963). Belou rtght: Chairman Mao and Com- rade Tung Pi-wir on ihe rosirum atop Tlen Au Men Gate on October 1, fS49.

Below: Chairman Mao, Chairman Chu Teh of the Standing Commlttee of the Natioral People's Congress &nd ' Premier Chou on the rostrum at ihe First Na- tional Gimes (1959). F r (Contiurcil p. ZZ.) r frwn and has a heart-to-heart talk with ttrc viXagers; I Part5r's First National Congress in Shanghai, from the rostrum atop Tien An Mea Gate he the Chingkang Mountains, waves to the crowds during the Great Cuftural t -Y€nan, Juichin, Tsunyi and people recall the long and tortuous road Revolution . . . Chairman Mao left his fmt- traversed by the people of various nationalities prints all over the vast expanse of China and under the leadership of Chairman Mao and was 'of one heart with the people in their honour the memory of his immortal contribu_ hundreds of millions. tions. Most heart-stirring are the sc€nes of F The film also shows the people in various historic significance showing Chairman Mao at l pa.rts of the world mourning Chairman Mao. the grand inauguration ceremony of the Peo- F Codntless telegrams and letters of condolences ple's Republic of China in 1949 and at the pour into Peking. First Session of the First National People's t From Asia and Afriea to Latin America, from Europe and North America Congress in 1954. The film records his pro- t to Oceania, the revolutionary people pay tribute clamation of the founding of New China in to Chairman Mao with deep sorrow. Many a firm and forceful voice: "The Central People's I foreign friends hold forums or report meetings Government has been set up." His speech at punctuated I and many foreign newspapers and magazines the N.P.C. was by thunderous part a r publish i.n succession a large number of articles, applause, of which is heard: "Ours is just cause; A just cause is invulnerable to any all extolling Chairman Mao's magnificent con- t tributions. enemy. (Warm applause.) The force at the l f core leading .our cause forward is the Chinese I The filrn shows the seene at three o'clock Communist Party. (Warm, applause.) The I on the afternoon of September t8 when the theoretical basis guiding our thinking is Marx- people of the whole eountry stand in silent ism-Leninism. (Warun applause.) We are fully confident that we can overcome all difficutties tribute amid the sound of sirens. Simultaneously 'country with the one million-strong mass memorial and hardships, and build our into a meeting in Peking's fien An Men Square, great socialist republic. (War-rn applause.) .!Ne memorial ''rneetings are held in all places at and are marching forward. We are now engaged in above the! county level. There is a recording of a great and most glorious cause, never under- the memorial speech delivered by Comrade Hua taken by our forefathers. Our goal must be I(uo-fqng.. In a steady and forceful voice, he attained. (Applause.) Our goal can certainly calls on the. whole Party, the whole army and be attained.' (Apptause.)'t the peopJe of the whole country to grief "turn Chairman Mao'slwoild-shaking speech ex- into strength, carry on cause behind the left pressed the common aspirations of the Chirtese by Chairman Mao, Marxism, and not 'practise people and fired them with immense confidence revisionismi unite, and donft split; be open and and. courage. With Chairman Mao's brilliant aboveboard, and don't intrigue and conspire,' thought, with the great, glorious and correct and, under the leadership of the Party Central Communist Party of China and with Chairman Committee, carry through to the end the cause Hua selected by Chairman. Mao himself as his of the proletarian revolution in China whictr reliable sucressor, we will surely be able to Chairman Mao pioneered." carry throrrgh to the end the proletarian revolu- This historic documentary recaptures many tionary cause in China pi,oneered by.,Chairman scenes of Chairman Mao's great revolutionary Mao and turn his great prediction into reality. activities. In high spirits, Chairman Mao in- The film ends with'a red sun rising over spects cotton and wheat fields and a tea planta- the horizon, symbolizing that invincible Mao tion and chats with commune members; he goes Tsetung Thought will shine for ever and Chair- among factory workers; he cordially receives man Mao is the never-setting red ggn_, !4.,.qqr, representatives of rvorkers, peasants and sol- hearts. Chairman Mao will alwayt'lfvff, i diers; he returns to his home village Shaoshan hearts. '':: 30 i"l PekiW Reoieu, No. 7 $peech at the $ocond Jlational Conferonce 0n learning trotn Tachai h lgriculture

Hug Kuo-fe3,lE

Cheirrn*n ef the eentral Comrniftee of the Communist Party of €hina

December 25, 7976

In his speech, Chairman Hua reviews the f[ghting course our Party has travened in 1970 end outliaBr the fighting tasks lor 1977. He pointe out: 1976 b a most extraordinary yeer in the history of our Party and of the dictator*i? oil the proletartat $ China. It is a year in whieh the whole Party, the whble army and the people of all nationalities throughout the country have ttosd rlgiurous tests, a yeaf in which we have won a great historie victory. Tho internal and international situation at present is exeellent. It is our bellef that 1977 will be a year in which we shall smash the "geng of four" courplotoly and go towards gXeat order, a year of united struggle and triumphant advance. The people of the whole country must carry out Chairmen Mao's behepts, take upon our shouf{ers the cause of proletarian revolution boqueathed to us by him and carry it through to the end. TYe are determined to win victory. We can certainly win victory. Let us, the 800 mit- lion people and the more than 30 million Party members, unite and wage a common stluggle to win still greater victories! ffe puts forward the fdfbyigg main fighting tasks for 197?: First, deepen the great mass movemsnt to exposc qitd criticize the "gqng of four." This is the central task for 1977. Second, st$ergthen Party building. It is necessary to carry out a inovement of education ia i&rxfut ideology thioughout the Party, eentring on the strengthening of the Party's unlfied leadership and democratic centralism and the pr-omotion of its fine style of work, so as to build up our Party well. Third, deepen the mass movement to learn from Tachai in agriculture and to learu frqn Taehin$ rn rndustry and strivo to push the national economy forward. Fourth, make further efforts to bring about a new high tide in the mass movement tq study works by Marx, Engels, Lenin and,Etalin and Chair- man Mao's works.

January 7, 1977 31 whole Party, the whole army and the people of all nationalities throughout the country should study this brilliant work 'conscientiously and in a thoroughgoing way. In 1956, bearing in mind lessons drawn from the Soviet Union, Chairman Mao summed up in this work China's experience, expounded ten major relationships in socialist revolution and soeialist construction and set forth basic ideas about the general line of building socialism with greater, faster, better and more economical results, a line suited to the conditions of our country. The basic policy Chairrnan Mao advanced in the work is: "We must do our best to mobilize all positive factors, both inside and outside the Party, both at home and abroad, both direct and indirect, and build China into a powerful socialist bountry." We have followed this r' i basic policy at the present conference and we should do so in all spheres of our work. I believe that after the conference a new upsurge wiU swiftly come ,rnto being throughout the countryside in the great rev. olutionary mass movement further to expose and criticize the of four" and.learn Comrades! "gang from Tachai in agriiulture and build Tachai- Our conference is drawing to a close. type counties all over the country. This is I an important matter having a vital bearin$ The conference has been going on very on the overall situation. It"will greatly hasten well. Comrade Chen Yung-kuei has made a the.vigorou.s development of the work of our very good report on behalf of the Party Cen- Party and country in every field. tral Committee. Many comrades have spoken .at the conference. Everybody is in high Comrades! spirits and rnorale and fully confident of victory. The conference is one of mobilizing Nineteen seventy-six will soon be.over the 700 million peasants to expose and crit- and 19?7 ls fast approaching. Comrades are tUe situation of the country i.cize the Wang:g5rng-Chiang-Yao "gang of all'interesteil in four" thoroughly, of promoting in depth the and the tasks ahead. Here I would like to movement to learn from Tachai'in agricul- revitw briefly the fighting course we have ture and to build Tachai-type counties traversed in 1976 and outline our figihting throughout the country and of unifying our tasks for l9?7. understanding and action with Mao Tsetung. Nineteen seventy-six is a most extraor- Thought. It is a conference of unity and' dinary year in the history of our Party and victory. of the dictatorshipr of the proletariat in At this conference, we have con- China. It is a year in which the whole Par- scientiously studied Chairman Mao's brilliant ty, the whole army and the people of all wor,k On, the Ten Major Retationships. The nationalities throughout the country have

32 Pektng Reuietn, No. 1 stood rigorous tests, a year in which we have seriously from drought, wateriogging, low won a great historic victory. This year, the temperature. early frost and other adversi- proletariat has waged a fierce, momentous ties, there were also violent earthquakes of struggle against the bourgeoisie and magnitude 7 and upwards in the Lungling, crushed the anti-Party :"gang of four" Tangshan and Sungpan areas on six occa- of Wang Hung-weh, Chang Chun-chiao, sions. Particularly the Tangshan earthquake Chiang Ching and Yao Wen-5ruan. As a re- inflicted a loss of lives and property that was sult, a major retrogression and split has been rarely seerr :in history. The Party Central averted in China and we can continue to push Committee took prompt and effective the proletarian revolutionary cause forward measures to help the people in the;F'tricken in the direction pointed out by Chairman areas restore production and rebuild their Mao. homes and to lead the masses in the heroic struggle to overcome the difficulties caused The historic decisive battle 19?6 be- of by the earthquakes. tween our. Party and the Wang-Chang- Chiang-Yao "gang of four" was fought amid It was at this time that the "gang of tremendous difficulties that confronted our four," the Wang-Chang-Chiang-Yao anti- Party after the death of Chairman Mao. It Party clique, perversely exploited the grave was therefore a battle of particular gravity. difficulty confronting the Party and the people and tried to usurp the supreme Party and This year saw the passing our most of state leadership, which was their long- esteemed and beloved great leader and cherished ar+bition. Before Chairman Mao's teacher Chairman Mao Tsetung, the great death, they went against a series of directives founder of our Party, our army and our Peo- issued by Chairman Mao and the Party Cen- ple's Republic, who had led our Farty and tral Committee, sang another tune in the people in vaiiant struggles for more than half criticism of Teng Hsiarping and thus caused a century, and the passing of Chairman Mao's great ideological and political confusion and long-tested and elose eomrades-in-arms our enormousi economic losses. After Chairman esteemed and beloved Prerrier Chou En-lai Mao's death, t\inking their chance had and Chairman Chu Teh of the Standing come, they quickened their pace to usurp the Committee of the National People's Congress. supreme and Vice-Chairman of the Party Central Commiti Party and state leadership mounted tee Kang Sheng and Vice{hairman of the unprecedentedly wild attacks in an attempt the N.P.C. Standing Committee Tung Pi-wu died to knock down the Party and people. Should last year. The successive passing in so short their scheme have succeeded, a time of so many great proletarian revolu- that would.'have led to a great retrogression tionaries who enjoyed high prestige among and split in our Party and country and the people, undoubtedly brought enormous touched off a major civil war, they would difficulties to the leadership of our Party have directly capitulated to imperialism and Central C;ommittee. The death of Chairman social-imperialism, relying on the aggres- Mao in particular is an immeasurable loss to sor's bayonet to prop up their puppet throne, the whole Party, the whole army and the and there would have been both internal people of all our nationalities, and our grief strife and foreign aggression. At that time defies description we were faced with the very immediate This year also witnessed serious natural danger of capitalist restoration, a danger of disasters in our country. In a vast land like our Party turning revisionist and our coun- r, ours, there are always some areas hit by try changing its political colour. For a time natural disasters each year. But in this year, rolling dark clouds hung over China. Such not only did a number of areas suffer quite a grave situation had never arisen since the

Januarg 7, 1977 33 founding of our People's Republic and was "If the Rightists stage an anti-Communist rarely seen in the history of our Party. coup d'etat in China, I am sure they will know no peace either and their rule will most At that time class enemies at home and probably be short-lived because it will not jubilant people, abroad were while our our be tolerated by the revolutionaries, who rep- comrades and our foreign friends and com- resent the interests of the people making gnawed and rades were by deep anxiety up more than 90 per cent of the population." concern over the destiny of our Party and The fact {.hat the "gang of four" collapsed Everybody saying himself In state. was to : rapidly before they could succeed in the plot the past with Chairman Mao at the helm, we for a Rightist anti-Communist coup d'etat defied whatever difficulty or hazard before fully testifies tc Chairman Mao's wise judg- us; now that Chairman Mao has passed away, ment. are we able to withstand the frenzied attacks of the Wang-Chang-Chiang-Yao gang? What Filled with pride of victory, the Chinese will become of China's future? Will it be a people declare to the whole world: We have bright China or a dark China? Such anxiety stood the severe test. Llnder the guidance of and concern were fully understandable. Chairman Mao's rerrolutionary line, our I{owever, the people are the makers of Party has won, the proletariat has won, the lristory and they have answered the question. people have won, the bright socialist China In the acute and complex struggle betweerr has won! the two lines in 1976, particularly the de- The struggle of our Party against the cisive battle in October, our Party Central Wang-Chang-Chiang-Yao anti-Party clique Committee adopted resolute measures and is another major struggle between the tu'o plot smashed at one bkrw the of the "gang Iines in the annals of our Farty. The Wang- four" usurp Pafty and state power. of to Chang-Chian61-Yao anti-Party ciique is a Under the leadership of the Party, our heroic bunch of ultra-Rightists and their counter- people, our heroic army and vast numbers revolutionary revisionist line is an ultra- of our Party members and cadres displayed Right line. They are ultra-Rightists because a high level of political conscicusness and they practise revisionism, create splits and great as firm unity in this struggle. As soon engage in intrigues and conspiracies under the Party Central Comm,ittee gave the order, the cioak of Marxism, trying by hook or by the broad masses rose in response and swung crook to usurp the supreme leadership of the into action, and the issue was settled without Party and the state, subvert the dictatorship firing a single shot or shedding a drop of of the proletariat and restore capitaiism. On blood. Armymen and people throughout the the question of who are our enemies and who country were all cheers and the situation was are our friends, which is of the first im- very stable. Take Shanghai for example. portance for the revolution, they have de- For years the "gang of four" had taken great liberately turned things upside down as to pains to build up their influence there and the relations betrveen ourselves and the felt sure ttrat their rul.e was quite secure. enemy in the historical period of socialism. But tire r,vorking class and the peopie of other decking themselves out as . "Leftists" and sections in Shanghai had suffered much from "revolutionaries" while regarding as the oppression and bullying by the "gang of targets of their "revolution" the revolution- four" and long harboured intense iratred for ary leading cacires of the Party, government their perverse activities. The hate and in- and army at all levels who uphold Marxism. dignation nursed in their bosom burst out Thev have thus adulterated the \rery essence with the speed and momentum of a volcanic of Chairrnan Mao's great theory of continu- eruption. Shanghai has become the burying ing the revoluiiorr under the dictatorship of ground of the gang. Chairman Mao said: the proletariat. s4 PekinA Reui.ew, No. 7 The great leader Chairman Mao summed on the broad masses of the people to triumph up the positive and the negative experience over capitalist-roaderc in the Pruty. of our country and that of the international Clinging communist movement and, by using the to the stand of the landlords and bourgeoisie, Marxist-Leninist theory of the unity of op- the the "gang of four" did all they could with posites, made a penetrating analysis of class to distort and tarnper Chairman great relations in the period of socialism and put Mao's theory ol continuing the revolution forward the great theory of continuing the under the dictatorship of the proletariat directed the revolution under the dictatorship of the pro- and had all along spearhead against our Party, letariat. For the first time in the history of of their attack against the dictatorship of the proletariat, the development of Marxism, he pointed out against the great Chin$e People's Libera- clear-cut terms that, after the socialist in tion Army and against the leading cadres the ownership of the means transformation of who adhere to Marxism- In the last few of production has in the main been completed years, people always had the following and in the entire historical period of socialist queries in mind: Why do they invariably society. there.. are still classes, class contra- stand opposed to the great leader Chairman dictions and clasS struggle, there is the Mao and so unbridledly tamper with Marx- struggle between the socialist road and the ism-Leninism-Mao Tsetung Thought, with- capitalist road, and there is the danger of hold cir distort Chairman Mao's directives and capitalist restoration. It is therefore essential interfere with or sabotage Chairman Mao's to continue the revolution. Chairman Mao strategic plans? Why is it that they are bent t4ught us: "You are making the socialist on overthrowing our esteemed and beloved revolution, and yet don't know where the Premier Chou En-lai and other proletarian bourgeoisie is. It is right in the Communist revolutionaries of the older generation and Party - those in power taking the capitalist would be satisfied with nothing short of their road. The capitalist-roaders are still on the destruction? Why is it that they are so capitalist road." He also put forward the hostile to the great Chinese People's Libera- basic principles "Practise Marxism, and not tion Army which has made magnificent con- revisionism; unite, and don't split; be open tributions over the decades and stop at no- and aboveboard, and don't intrigue and thing to oppose and disrupt the army in an conspire," which are our fundamental criteria attempt to demolish this Great \Ifall of ours? for identifying capitalist-roaders in the Party. Why do they bitterly hate and ruthlessly Chairman Mao's great theory has provided attack the large number of leading comrades government the solution to the most important issue of of the Party, and army at the central and local levels, the backbone of our our time, the issue of combating and preventing revisionism, consolidating the dictator- Party leadership, who have followed Chair- man Mao making revolution over the dec- ship of the proletariat and preventing capital- in peo- ist restoration, and has greatly enriched and ades, are most loyal and devoted to the developed Marxism-Leninism. The Great ple and keep firmly to the socialist road? Why Proletarian Cultural Revolution is a great do they so unscrupulously suppress and per- example of the application of the great secute those young comrades who dare to theory of continuing the revolution under the uphold principle and to resist and oppose dictatorship of the prgletariai. Under the them? Why do they want to finish off with personal leadership of Chairman Mao, the a single blow the new and old eadres who Cultural Revolution has won great victories in have committed mistakes, including those smashing the two bourgeois headquarters of who have committed serious mistakes but are Liu Shao-chi and Lin Piao and provided the willing to mend their ways, and why do they Party with rich experience in directly relying not apply. the principle of learning from past

Januarg 1, 7977 mistakes to avoid future ones and curing the tionaries of today -- that is the road thel. rlc*ness to save the patient? Why do they have kept to throughout. Wang Hung-wen, incite bourgeois factionalism, instigate the on the other harrd, is a typical representative use of force in struggle and provoke an all- of the new-born bourgeoisie. The "gang of round civil war', create splits within the four" is in fact a sinister gang of these new ranks of the working class and among the and old-time counter-revolutionaries. The people, set new cadres against the old and social basis of this gang is the landlords, rich bring untold distress and sufferings to the peasants, counter-revolutionaries, bad ele- masses? Why do they try to sow dissension ments and new and old bourgeoisie. They among the nationalities, to create splits formed a systeln of their own, a party with- -among them and to disrupt the unity of the in the Party, all for the interests of the gang big farnily of the Chinese nation? Why do itself and for the purpose of usurping Party they always rely on such new-born counter- power; it was an independent counter-rev- revolutionaries as Weng Shen-ho and Chang olutionary underground kingdom. They are Tieh-sheng and on those bad elements who typical representatives of the bourgeoisie and are time-servers with wild ambitions and the Chiang Kai-shek Kuomintang inside our who are engaged in beating, smashing and Party. After stripping them of their disguises looting, steal state property and endanger the and going into their past records, we are no peace and order of society? Why do they longer surprised to find that they hate the arrogantly trample on the masses of workers, revolution so intensely and oppose {:ommu- poor and lower-middle peasants, revolution- nism and the people so frantically. Our ary intellectuals and other people, lord it struggle against them is a continuation of prolonged over them, turn a blind eye to their sufferings the struggle waged againsr the and not even care whether they live or die? Kuornintang reactionaries by the Chinese Why do they try to undermine Chairman Communist Party and the masses of the rev- Mao's revolutionary line and policies in olutionary people under its leadership, a foreign affairs, worship things foreign, fawn continuation of the class struggle t'etween prol.etariat upon foreigners, maintain illicit foreign rela- the and the bourgeoisie and a tions and capitulate to imperialism? Wty continuation of the struggle between Marx- do they try to overthrow all, completely deny ism and revisionism. The smashing of the our tremendous achievements in the socialist "gang of four" is another great example of revolution and construction, denigrate our the application of Chairman Mao's great Party and the dictatorship of the proletariat, theory of continuing the revolution under the make havoc of socialist cultural and econom- dictatorship of the proletariat. It is a great ic undertakings and sabotage the revolution new victory for the Great Froletarian Cul- and production? The oniy possibie answer tural Revolution and for our struggle against is: They are ultra-Rightists, out-and-out the capitalist-roaders in the Party who are capitalist-roaders and the most ferocious still on the capitalist road. counter-revolutionaries. What ! "Leftists" I feel deeply that the great victory we What They could have "radicals"! not have been able to achieve in smashing the pursued a line farther to the Right! "gang of four" should be attributed to our The infamous records of Chang Chun- great leader Chairmap Mao's wise decision. chiao, Chiang Ching and Yao Wen-yuan show Before his death, Chairman Mao not only that they were linked u,ith the Chiang Kai- criticized the "gang of four" repeatedly and shek Kuomintang reactionaries in a thousand severely, but made strategic arrangements and one ways. From being counter-revolu- for tiealing with this gang. He significantly tionaries of the past to being counter-revolu- told the story of how Liu Pang saw through

36 Peking Reuieu, No. 1 Empress Lu's intention tc usurp power*, and tinue to press forward. Our tasks aheacl are said: "Chiang Ching has wild ambitions" and both glorious and arduous. There will be "After I die, she u,ill make trouble." Thus, all sorts of difficulties on our road of ad- in very sharp and explicit terms, he alerted vance, particularly those resulting from pro- us against the plot of the "garrg of four" to longed interference and sabotage by the usurp the supreme Party and state leader- "gang of four" in the political, ideological, ship. The arrangements of personnel Chair- organizational, economic and other spheres. man Mao made before his death forestalled Nevertheless we are fully confident that we even more effectively the piot of the "gang can surmount them all. We must unswerv- of four" for a counter-revolutionary restora- ingly follow Chairman Mao's' proletarian tion" The "gang of four" rvas smashed pre- revolutionary line and his various principles cisely in accordance with Chairman Mao's and polieies, remain modest, prudent and arrangements and his behests. free from arrogance and rashness and in the The great victory we have been able to coming year grasp class struggle as the key achieve in smashing the "gang of four" link and exert ourselves to win still greater should be attributed to great Mao Tsetung victories. Thought and Chairman Mao's proletarian What are the main fighting tasks for the revolutionary line and to our great Party, whoie Party, the whole army and the people army and people. Chairman Mao's great of all nationalities throughout the country theory of continuing the revolution under in 1977? the dictatorship of the proletariat has armed our whole Party, army and people. The First, deepen the great mass movem€nt Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution in- to expose and criticize the "gang of four." itiated and led by Chairman Mao himself has This is the central task for 1977. tempered and educated the whole Party, To expose and criticize the "gang of army and people. Without such education four" is a great poiitical revolution. In the and tempering political the high conscious- past two months and more, there has been ness and revolutionary enthusiasm displayed an upsurge in this mass movement which has rnasses by the of workers, peasants and unfolded itself in all parts of the country. soldiers the struggle in to smash the "gang We should do stitl better next year. We must of four" would be inconceivabie. great The have a firm, clear-cut stand, bo1dly arouse victory in smashing the "gang of four" fully the masses, build up a revolutionary momen- demonstrates that our Party deserves to be tum and wage a people's war to expose and called a Party founded fostered and by criticize the "gang of four" thoroughly and Chairman Mao himself, army de- that our intensively in the political, ideological and or- serves to be called an armv founded and ganizational spheres. The current campaign fostered by Chairman Mao himself, and that is focused on exposing and criticizing the plot our people deserve to be called a people of the of four" to usurp Party and armed with Mao Tsetung Thought. Our "gang state power. The next step is to expose and Party has a great future, our country has a great future. criticize the counter-revolutionary features and criminal past of the "gang of four," to Comrades! expose and criticize the ultra-Right essence We have won a great historrc victory in of its counter-revolutionary revisionist line 197t. But we must not be complacent and the manifestations of this line in every amidst the cheers of victory. We should con- aspect, and to refute the gang theoretically from the angle of philosophy, political econ- + See "Chiang Ching and Empress Lu" in omy and scientific socialism. Through ex- our issue No. 52, 19?6. posure and criticism we must eradicate the

.)anuary 1, 1977 37 pernicious influences of the "gan€ of four" contradictions of differing nature and handle on all fronts. them correcttry and carry out Party policy in .earnest. Our contradiction with the "gang time, with the mass media For a long of four" is one between ourselves and the their the of four" spread under control, "gang enemy. We must have a clear understanding revi*ioniet'fallecies, trampled on a host .of of this. Those who followed the "gang of fundamental prineiples of Marxism at the four" and rnade mtstakes must be treated on and tampered with or distorted Chair- will the merits of each case. Among them only proletarian line man Mao's revolutionary few participated in their conspiracy,.while various prineiples and 'policies. a and his the great majority erred because they had Metaphysics ran wild and idealism went ram- come under the influence of the gang ideo- pant. The gang represented many correct Iogically. Even those who participated in things as incorrect and vice versa, reversed the conspiracy did so to a greater or lesser right and wrong, confounded black and extent. Whatever the extent, they are wel- white, and did cause confusion in people's once they make a clean breast of their thinking. It is imperative in the course of come part in the conspiracy before the Party and struggle to study Marxism-Leninism-Mao the peopie and draw clear line between Tsciung Thought conscientiously and let a themselves and the of four." The the masses themselves distinguish Marxism "gang target attack should confined the from revisionism and the correct line from of be to of four" and the handful of their un- the incorrect line. In industry, agriculture, "gang repentant swoin followers. those corrunerce, education, military affairs, gov- As for who erred under the gang's ideological in- ernment and Perty, it is essential to take the fluence, it is all the more necessary to stress Party's basic line forrnulated by Chairman the need to educate them, help. them distin- Mao as the guide, sum up through earnest guish between the correct and incorrect lines investigations and study the positive and the and recognize the contents, harmful conse- negative experience in the past as well as in quences and causes their errors and the the Great Froletarian Cultural Revolution, of ways of rectifying them. Towards the erring get clear ahout the speeific line of work and comrades, we should adopt the poiicy: the specific principles, policies and methods t'First we must observe and second we must in each field and constantly improve and per- give help" and "tr earn from past mistakes to fect them the course practice so that in of avoid future ones and cure the sickness to work these fields can advanee the in all save the patient." This is Chairman Mao's faster along Chairman Mao's revolutionary consistent policy and a fine tradition evolved line. It is essential to defend and develop during the reictification movement in Yenan*. the victories of the Great Proletarian CuI- tural Revolution and continue to do a good * The Yenan rectification movement was a job in the revolution in the fields of educa- great movement Iaunched under Chairman Mao Tsetung's leadership in 7942. At the beginning of tion, literature and art, public health and this movement, Chairman Mao made several reports science and technology and do our work weII including Recttlg the Partg's StAle of Work and for the educated youth going to the country- Oppose Stereotqped Party Writing. In these reports, he analysed the petty-bourgeois ideolQgy and style side, encourage new socialist things, restrict which, masquerading as Marxism-Lehinism, were bourgeois right and make sure that the task prevalent in the Party, and which chiefly manifested of consolidating the dictatorship of the pro- themselves in subjectivist and secfarian tendencies, their foim of expression being stereotyped Party letariat is earried out in the graSs-roots writing. He called for a Party-wide movement of units. Marxist-Leninist education to rgctify style of work in accordance with the ideological principles of In the struggle to expose and criticize Marxism-Leninism. The movement resulted in the four," is draw strengtheninb the unity of the whole Party on the "gang of it necessary to basis of Marxism and laying the ideological founda- a strict distinction between the two types of tion for the country-wide victory.

38 Peking Reoiew, No. 7 This policy and this tradition were seriously question of Party building; they will under- undermined by the "gang of four" for a long stand the fundamental principle that the time and we must r.evive them effectively Party is founded for public interests, that the in the course of our struggle. We must unite interests of the Party and the people are wiih all those that can be united, including above everything else and that ganging up those'*'hr: once \^rrongly opposed us, to fight for private interests is not allowed; they will together against the enemy. understand the Party rule that forbids the Second, strengthen Party buiiding. It is formation of any faction or secret group necessary to carry out a movement of educa- within the Party; they will understand the tion in Marxist' ideology throughout the importance of unified Party leadership and Farty, centring on the strengthening of the Party discipline and the harm of anarchisrn; Party's unified ieadership and democratic they will understand that Party members centralisrn and the promot'ion of its fine style must uphold the proletarian Party spirit and of work, so as to build up our Party well. oppose bourgeois factionalism; they will understand that Party cadres are all servants The Party is the force at the cr:re that leads everything. In complete betrayal of * The five requirements Chairman Mao the basic principles of "three do's and three advanced for worthy suceessors to the revolutionary don'ts," the "gang of four" practised revi- cause of the proletariat are as follows: sionism, created splits and engaged in in- They must be genuine' Marxist-Leninists and trigues and conspir:acies to undermine and not revisionists like Khrushchov wearing the cloak of Marxism-L€n!.nisrn. disintegrate the Par1y, and ganged up to pursue their selfish interests and They must be revolutionaries who whole- usurp Party heartedly serve the overwhelming majority of the power. In the few places and units where people of China and the whole world, and must they maintained tight control and did much not be like Khrushchov who serves both the interests of the handful of members ol the privileged damage, unified Party leadership rvas im- bourgeois stratum in his own country and those paired, ali principies of Party life were of foreign imperialism and reaction. trampled underfoot and the Party's fine style They must be proletarian statesmen capabl€ of work was sabotaged. New Party members of uniting and working together with the overwhelming majority. Not only must they unite were recrltited in violation of the provisions with those who agree with them, they must also in the Party Constitution, cadres were pro- be good at uniting with those who disagree and even with those who formerly opposed them and rnoted in disregard of the requirements,t five have since been proved wrong in practice. But put forward by Chairman Mao, and even bad they must especially watch out for careerists and elements were drawn into the Party and conspirators like Khrushchov and prevent such smuggled into leading bodies. bad elements from usurping the leadership of the Under the Party and the state at any level. protection of the "gang of four," some bra- They must be models in applying the Party's zenly asked for ieading positions and grabbed democratic centralism, must master the methiid o{ power at every opportunity. They would leadership based on the principle of "from the stoop to anything for the selfish interests of messes, to the masses," and must cultivate a democratic style and be good at listening to the themselves or their gang. This evil bourgeois masses. They must not be despotic like Khrushchov trend was highly corrosive to our Party,s and violate the Party's democratie centralism, make organism and corruptive of the minds of our surprise attacks on comrades or act arbitrarily and dictatorially. Party members; it was most harmful to the Party's fighting power and its relations with They must be modest and prudent and guard against arogance and impetuosity; they must be the rnasses. We must car.ry out extensive imbued with the spirit of self-criticism and have education among the Party members so that the courage to correct mistakes and shortc<;mings they will truly realize the seriousness of the in their work. They nrust never cover up their errors like Khrushchov, and claim the credit caused all harm by the "gang of four" on the ior themselves and shift all the blame on others.

Ja'nuarg 1, 1977 39 of the people and must in no case ask the the democratic Iife inside the Party and Party and the people for higher posts and among the people in accordance with the power; they will understand that Party mem- democratic centralist principles, let people air bers must abide by the basic principles of their views, let people criticize, ali.ow the "three do's and three don'ts" and meet the minority to reserve their differing views and five basic requirements set in the Party strive to create a political situation in which Constitution. We must repudiate the prac- there are both centralism and democracy, tice of the "gang of four" of banding together both discipline and freedom, both unity of to.seek selfish interests and usurp Party. wiII and personal ease of mind and liveliness. power and must thoroughly discredit it so It is highly necessary to carry out a that like a rat scurrying across the street Marxist ideological education movement with everyone yelling: "Beat it! Beat it!" it throughout the Party in the struggle to crit- will.be deprived of its influence and find no icize the "gang of four." Plans have been market in the Party. made at this conference for Party consolida- At the same time it is necessary to main- tion and rectification in the countryside. The tain a correct attitude towards the Great Central Committee is going to Iaunch a Proletarian Cultural Revolution, towards the movement of Party consolidation and rectifi- masses and towards oneself. It is necessary cation throughout the Party at an opportune to educate those comrades whose attitude is moment next year. On the basis of ideo- not correct. logical education which is our point of In drawing the lesson from Chang Kuo- emphasis, we should conscientiously.'reso- tao's* attempt to split the Party, Chairman lutely and carefully solve the problem of Mao pointed out: "We must affirm anew the varying degrees of impurity in ideology, discipline of the Party, namely: (1) The in- organization and the style of work inside the dividual is subordinate to the organization; Party resulting from sabotage by the "gang (2) the minority is subordinate to the of four," purify the ranks of our Party, majority; (3) the lower level is subordinate restore and carry forward the Party's fine to the higher level; and (4) the entire mem- style of work which entails integrating bership is subordinate to the Central Com- theory with practice, forging close links with mittee." Today, in drawing the Iesson the masses and practising criticism and self- from the attempt of the "gang of four" to criticism, and build the Party organizations usurp Party power by forming a small clique, at all levels into vigorous vanguard organiza- we, too, must affirm the four democratic tions capable of leading the proletariat and centralist principles of organization and dis- * Chang Kuo-tao was a renegade from the cipline and ask all Party organizations and Chinese revolution. Speculating on the revolution, he joined the Chinese Communist Party in his every Party member strictly to observe these youth. In the Party he committed grave crimes. principles in their action and wage resolute Most notoriously, in 1935 he opposed the Red Army's northward march, established his own struggles against all words and deeds that bogus central committee, and engaged in openly run courtter to these principles. traitorous actil,ities against the Party and the Central Committee. Clinging to his reactionary The "gang of four" also spared no effort stand, he rejected the Party's education and proved to undermine the democratic life inside the ' incorrigible. He escaped by himself from the revolutionary base area in 1938 and joined the Kuo- Party and suppress any criticism directed at mintang secret police. thus turning himself into a them; they ran a "steel plant" and a "cap shameless renegade and secret agent. ** factory"** to attack the revolutionary cadres These are figurative descriptions of how the "gang of four" attacked and persecuted the revolu- and revolutionary masses. We must improve tionary cadres and masses.

40 Peking Rersiero, No. 7 the revolutionary masses in the fight against do a good job in transport and communica- the class enemy. tions and in heavy industries that produce While strengthening Party building, we fuel, electricity, petrochemicals, iron and should strengthen the building of revolution- steel and other raw and semi-finished ary committees at various levels in keeping materials, so as to ensure the smooth opera- with the developing situation. At an appro- tion of industry as a whole. We must launch priate time next year, people's congresses a big drive to increase production and prac- should be held in the provinces, municipali- tise economy, step up technical innovations, ties and autonomous regions and, after full tap production potential, lower costs, im- discussion and democratic consul{ation, com- prove the quality of products, raise labour rades who meet the five requirements for productivity, increase accumulation, give full worthy successors set forth by Chairman scope to the production capacity of the Mao, maintain close iinks with the masses existing enterprises and bring about an up- and have their genuine support should be surge in grasping revolution and promoting elected into revolutionary committees, lead- production. We must see to it that our na- ing bodies composed of the old, the middle- tional economy will take a sure step forward aged and the young, which should be enabled in the coming year so as to prepare for a to play a more active role under the cen- big growth of the national economy in the tralized leadership of the Party. last three yeais of the 5th Five-Year Plan period. Third, deepen the mass movements In agriculture, Iearn from Tachai and In in- The tasks of learning from Tachai in dustry, learn from Taehing and strive to push agriculture and building more Tachai-type the national economy forward. counties and of agricultural mechanization have been discussed and present Revolution means liberating the produc- set at the conference, and tive forces. The great revolution which has the whole Party must make smashed the "gang of four" has done away serious efforts to fulfil them. The Centrai with a bane which disrupted the productive Committee has decided to hold a national forces and obstructed their growth. The conference on learning from Taching in in- revolutionary enthusiasm of the worker and dustry" before next May Day to disseminate peasant masses long suppressed by the "gang Taching's experience in adhering to Chair- of four" is bursting forth. And prospects man Mao's Iine in running socialist enter- are very bright for a rapid development of prises and implementing the Charter of the our national economy.. We must implement Anshan Iron and Steel Company in an ail- in real earnest the strategic coricept "Be round way and to mobilize the whole Party prepared against war, be prepared against and the working class to strive to build more natural disasters, and do everything for the Taching-type enterprises. Chairman Mao people" and the principle "Take agriculture held up Tachai and Taching as two red as the foundation and industry as the lead- banners, but the "garrg of four" vainly ing factor," bring into full piay the initiative attempted to cut them down. We must hold of both the central and the local authoritibsi them high. Learning from Tachai and mobilize the masses, make determined and Taching means persevering in taking class maximum efforts first to run agriculfure well struggle as the key link and thoroughly ex- and also to run light industry well and or- posing and repudiating the "gang of four.l' ganize the market well,' Meanwhile we must It means implementing Chairrnan Mao's

January 7, 197'7 41 instruction Management itself is a matter peasants and other working people. As early of socialist education, building leading bodies as 195? Chairman Mao pointed out that only that adhere to Chairman Mao's revolution- when the social productive forces were fairly ary line and maintain a militant unity so adequately developed, could our socialist that leadership is truly in the hands of the economic system and political system be con- Marxists and the workers and poor and sidered to have acquired their own fairly Iower-middle peasants. It means doing ideo- adequate material foundation. In his Report logical and political work conscientiously on the Work of the Government to the 4th and effectively, strengthening the revolu- National People's Congress in 19?5, Premier n tionary unity of the working class and the Chou En-lai reiterated. the grand plan Chair- poor and lower-middle peasants and revolu- man Mao mapped out for our country to ac- tionizing our ranks. It means launching mass complish the comprehensive modernization of movements energetically, bringing into full agriculture, industry, national defence and play the enthusiasm, wisdom and creative- science and technology and brin! our na- ness of the cadres and masses, unfolding so- tional economy to the front ranks in the cialist emulation campaigns and building world before the end of the century and socialism in a big way. Whether in industry pointed out that the decade between 1976 agriculture, or in or in any other economic and 1985 would be decisive for the realiza- undertakings, must policy we follow the of tion of this plan. Now a year has passed. It building our country and running all our is chiefly owing to interference and disrup- enterprises diligently and thriftily, rely on tion by the "gang of fouf' that the achieve- masses, rules the systematize rational ment of our national economy this year is and regulations, and improve and strengthen not as great as it should be. The people of socialist economic management. We should the whole country now ferventiy hope that people encoutrage to raise their culturai and after the overthrow of the "gang of four," technical levels for the sake of the revolu- our national economy will grow rapidly and tion and to acquire proficiency in their work they are determined to make up as soon as so as to be both and Leading red expert. .possible for the loss of time caused by the cadres at levels must persistently take all gang. The work in 1977 has a vital bearing part in collective productive labour and eat, on the situation of the subsequent eight live and work together with the workers and years. We must exert ourselrres, maintain peasants. We must pay attention to the well- independence, kee$ the initiative in our own masses and raise the living being of the hands and rely on our own efforts and strive standard of the people step by step on the to make outstanding achievements in aI1 basis of increased produgtion. fields. is one of the fundamental tasks for It Fourth, make further efforts to bring the dictatorship of the proletariat to develop about a new high tide in the mass movernent the socialist economy energetically. On con- to study works by Marx, Enge1s, Lenin and dition that the socialist orientation is adhered Stalin and Chairman Mao's works. to and proletarian politics is put in command, the more and the faster production develops, "Y[e need Marxism in our struggle." the better. By labelling this as the "theory Whether in thoroughly exposing and criticiz- of productive fofces," the "gang of four!' ing the "ga.rg of fourrl' or in successfutrly distorted Marxism and vilified the workers, building the Party, or in pushing the na-

4Z Peking Reoieto, No. 7 tional economy forward, we must study theoretical work well in order to clear up conscientiously and well works by Marx, the political and ideological confusion caused Engels, Lenin and Stalin and Chairman by the "gang of four." Efforts must be made Mao's works and the theory of the dictator- to train through struggle a backbone force ship of the proletariat, and use Marxism- for the Party's theoretical work, and truly Leninism-Mao Tsetung Thought to guide our organize and build a'.powerful Marxist struggle and command our work. theoretical contingent. It is necessary to conscientiously and Immediately after smashing the "gang of effectively organize and guide the worker-peasant-soldier masses and four," the Central Committee adopted the 'cad.res the decision on the publication of the Selected in their theoretical study and, IVorks of Mao Tsetung and the preparation first of all, responsible cadres at various for the publicaticn of the Cotlected Works of Ievels must take the lead and study well. It is necessary, to conduct good Mao Tsel.ntng.. Now, I am happy to announce. theoreticallrop- aganda here to you comrades a piece of good news: in newspapers, make a success of theoretical journals Volume V of the Selected. Works of Mao and strive to raise their Tsetung, which the whole Party, the whole levels. Party schools'at various levels must army and the people of all nationalities have be run well andeducation in theory strength- been looking forward to, will come off the ened. "May'7" cadre schools must be run press in the first half of next year. This wiII well. Worker-peasant-soldier activists in be a great event in the political life of our theoretical study and professional theoretical workers must so people as well as in the annals of the develop- be organized that they can ment of Marxism. Volume V of the Selected further temper themselves and play their Works Mao Tsetung will be of an ex- role in the forefront of the struggle to crit- o! 'of tremely great significance for guiding the icize the "gang four." We must revive thorough criticism of the "gang of four," the our Party's fine style of study and of writing building of our Party and the socialist which was vulgarized and debased by the revolution and socialist construction of our "gang of four." First secretaries of the Party country and will exert most profound in- committees of all the provinces; munic- fluence internationally. Its publication will ipalities and autonomous tegions and top leaders be warmly welcomed by the Chinese people of central departments of the Party, government and the revolutionary people throughout the the and the: arrny must attach world. enough importanee to theo*etical work and must personally attend to it. With the lively I5r the course of conscientiously studying and rich practical experience provided.by works by,Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin and the Chinese revolution and the world revolu. Chairman Mao's works and penetratingly tion, with Marxism-Leninism-Mao Tsetung criticizing the "gang of four," our whole Thought as the guide and. with the attention Party, from the Central Committee down to of the whole Party, our Party's theoretieal \ocal Party organizations, from departments work'will certainly yield good results. in charge of ideologicalwork to all other departments, must effectively grasp theoretical work. Otherwise, a big Party like ours' The internal situation at present is ex- would not be able to guide such complex cellent. Ouq great leader and teacher Chair- struggles; For the present too, we must do man Mao said: "Great disorder,across the

Jgnuary 1,1977 43 land leads to great order." By disorder cialism, enhance the great uoity of the peo- Chairman Mao meant disorder among the ple of all nationalities throughout the enemy. What the "gang of four" did was country, wholeheartedly rely on the working to create disorder in the Party, in the army class and the poor and lower-middle peas- and among the people. Now that we have ants, unite with other working people and thrown the "gang of four" into disorder and the large number of intellectuals, further

{d toppled them in revolution, we will certainly develop the revolutionary united front led be able, in the course of the acute struggle by the working class, based on the worker- between the two classes, to achieve stability peasant alliance and embracing the patriotic and unity in our country, consolidate the democratic parties, patriotic personages, pa- dictatorship of the proletariat and bring triotic overseas Chinese and compatriots in about great order across the land. This ac- Hongkong and Macao, consolidate the dic- cords with the general trend of events and tatorship of the proletariat in China, work the aspirations of the people; it is a strategic hard to build a powerful socialist country, policy decision taken by our Party Central and strive to make a greater contribution Committee in conformity with the funda- to humanity. We are determined to ac- mental interests and common wishes of the complish the sacred cause of liberating people throughout the country. Taiwan and reunifying our motherland. We principles of It is our belief that 1977 will be a year are determined to uphold the the in which we shall smash the "gang of four" proletarian internationalism, carry out policies , foreign completely and go towards great order, a revolutionary line and in year of united struggle and triumphant affairs formulated by Chairman Mao, advance. strengthen our unity with the. international proletariat and the oppressed nations and The current international situation is oppressed people of the world, strengthen excellent too. Our victories have the support our unity with the third world countries and the genuine Marxist-Leninist Parties and of unite with all countries suffering from im- organizations and the revolutionary people perialist and social-imperialist aggression, countries. We have friends over in ali all subversion, intervention, control and bully- the world. The imperialists, and the social- ing, so as to oppose the hegemonism of the imperialists in particular, pinned their hopes two superpowers the Soviet Union and on the possibility violent turmoil in - of a the United States. China after the passing of Chairman Mao; their hopes have now come to naught. They We are determined to carry out Chair- also dreamt of the emergence of a certain man Mao's behests, take upon our shoulders force that wouid alter the revolutionary line the cause of proletarian revolution bequeath- and orientation Chairman Mao had defined ed to us by him and carry it through to the for us; their dream has now been exploded end. too. We are determined to win victory. We Both internally and internationally, we can certainly win victory. Let us, the shall unswervingly forge ahead along the 800 million people and the more than course charted by Chairman Mao. We are 30 million Party members, unite and wage determined to adhere to the Party's basic a common struggle to wih stiil greater line -for the entire historical period of so- victories!

44 Peki,w Reoieu, No. 7 I

AdYance From Victory to Victory

1977 Nev Yeor's Doy editoriol by "Renmin Riboo," - "Hongqi" ond "Jiefongjun Boo"

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jubilation, FTI.I.ED with pride of victory and Marxist theory and the historical experience r people throughout China are ushering in of the Chinese revolution show that a pro- the new year amidst the struggle to thoroughly letarian politi.cal party must have its own out- expose and repudiate the "gang of four." standing leader in order to unify the will and strength of the party, the class and the entire Nineteen seventy-six was an extraordinary people, overcome difficulties and danger, seize year during which we won a great historic vic- and consolidate political power and wage suc- tory. In that year we lost our great leader cessful struggles. Our Party went through ten and teacher Chairman Mao Tsetung and our major two-line struggles in the past, and at esteemed and beloved Premier Chou En-lai and every crucial moment when the revolution was Chairman Chu Teh of the Standing Committee at stake, Chairman Mao always led us in over- of the National People's Congress. Our country coming the crisis, triumphing over splits and was hit by earthquakes and other serious nat- piloting the ship of the revolution to safety, and ural'disasters. At a time when our Party was riding the waves forward. When the Party and confronted with tremendous difficulties, the state were in critical danger of turning revision- Party Central Committee headed by Comrade ist and changing political colour after Chairman Hua Kuo-feng led us in smashing at one blow Mao passed away, Comrade Hua Kuo-feng led the plot of the Wang-Chang-Chiang-Yao anti- our Party in saving the critical situation, smash- Party clique to usurp Party and state power. This ing the of four" and successfully waging gigantic, soul-stirring class struggle averted a "gang great major setback in the Chinese revolution, a major another major two-line struggle. In this retrogression in Chinese history and a major struggle, Chairman Hua Kuo-feng has won the disaster for the Chinese people. Our victory is support and love of the whole Party, the whole a great victory for Mao Tsetung Thought; a army and the people of all nationalities through- great victory for Chairman Mao's proletarian out the eountry, and his leading position in revolutionary line. The whole Party, the whole the whole Party has been established. This army and the people of all nationalities all over is the most reliable guarantee for carrying out the country are elated and proud to have another Chairriran Mao's behests, upholding Chairman wise leader of their own in Chairman Hua Mao's revolutionary line and carrying through Kuo-feng. Eliminating the "four pests" has to the end the proletarian revolutionary cause brought about a great liberation for the people, pioneered by the great leader Chairman Mao their minds and the productive forces. Our and the esteemed and beloved Premier Chou motherland is a vast panorama of brightness and the other revolutionaries of the older gen- and prosperity. The far-reaching significance eraticn. The people of the whole country and of the great victory of smashing the "gang of the revolutionary people throughout the world four" is becoming more and more evident. rejoice to see that, with the guidance of invin-

Januarg 1,1977 45 :

cible Marxism-Leninism-Mao Tsetung Thought, ing to great order 'across the land. The whole with a wise leader such as Chairman Hua ,gnd Party, the whole army and the people of all with the broad masses of the Party memders, nationalities throughout the country must dili- the people's army and the people rallying most gently study well Chairman Mao's On the Ten closely round Chairman Hua and the Party Major Relationships and Chairman Hua's im- Central. Committee, our Party has a great portant speech, propagate and implement them future, our country has a great future. effectively. Chairman Hua has issued the call: "In the Major Relationships was recently published in coming year grasp class struggle as the key link accordance with the decision taken by the and-exert ourselves to g.in still greater victories.'1 Central Committee. This important work of Thoroughly exposing and criticizing the "gang of Chairman Mao's, which defends and develops four" is our central task for the whole year. Marxist philosophy, politicat economy and This gang completely betrayed the three basic principles scientific socialisrn, is a great historieal docu- "Practise Marxism, and not revisionism; unite, and don't open ment. Chairman Mao said: "VYe must do our split; be and above best to mobilize all positive factors, both inside board, and don't intrigue and conspire" and usurp supreme and outside the Party, both at home and abroad, tried to Party and state leader- both direct and indirect, and buitd China into ship. The contradiction between us and them is one between ourselves and the enemy. Our a powerful socialist country." This is a basic struggle against policy that we must adhere to in all our work. them is a life-and-d.eath struggle between the classes. We must be In his impostant'spegch at the recent Second two not Nation'al Conference on Learning From Tachai kind-hearted towards this counter-revolutionary in Agriculture, Chairman flua summed up our sinister gang but must struggle resolutely against struggle against the "gang of four" and ex- them. A great deal of hard and careful work pounded and defended Chairman Mao's great remains to be done to.expose and criticiz6 them theory of continuing the revolution under the penetratingly and thoroughly and eradicate dictatorship of the proletariat. In line with their poisonous influenee politically, ideologic- Chairman Mao's thesis that "great disorder ally and organizationally. Chairman Hua has aCross the land leads to great order," Chairman said: "In industry, agriculture, commerce,.edu- Hua rirade the strategic policy decision "ln cation, military affairs, government and Party, - 'Iine the course of the acute struggle between the it is essential to take the Party's basic two classes, to achieve stability and unity .in formulated by Chairman Mao as the guide, sum our countr5r, consolidatb the dietatorship of the up through earnest investigations and study the proletariat and bring about great order across positive and negative experience in the past as the land," - and set forth the tasks for the new well as in the Great Proletarian Cultural Rev- year: To deepen the great mass movement to olution, get clear about the specific line of work expose and criticize the "gang of four"; to and the speciflc principles, policies and methods str'engthen Party building and carry out in the in each field and constantly improve and per- whole Farty an education .movement in fect them in the course of practice so that the Marxist ideology; to deepen the mass move- work in all these fields can advance faster along ments In agric'rlture, learn from'Tdchai, and In Chairman Mao's revolutionary line." To put industry, Iearn from Taching and strive to push all this into practice effectively, w€ must all the ndtlonal economy forward; and make the more work hard and make painstaking further efforts to bring about a new high tide efforts. We should fully mobilize the masses, in the mass movement to study works by Marx, and unite with all the forces that can be united Engels, Lenin and Stalin and Chairman Mao's and carry this great political revolution through works.- These are the four fighting tasks lead- to the end.

46 Peking Reoiew, No. 7 \r \r

Class struggle is the motive force propel- giving preferentiaL treatment to armymen's ling society ahead. If oniy we expose and re- families, and strengthen the unity between the pudiate the "gang of four" thoroughly, become army and the government and between the elear about the -itL6blo$ical and political line, army and the people. We are convinced that and' mobilize the positive factors in all fields, we will win'one new victory after another for we will certainly be able to do an even better our socialist revolution and socialist construc- job in all our work. At present, in the whole tion as a result of the common efforts by the country both the higher and lower levels are whole Party, the whole army and the people concerting their efforts and are united as one of all nationalities all over the country. We under the leadership of the Party Central Com- are certainly able to create a completely new mittee headed by Chgirman Hua, and a new situation in which there are political liveliness upsurge in socialist revolution and socialist and econoirlic prosperity, and in which a construction is rising vigorously. The situa- h-undred schools of thought contend and a hund- tion is steadily improving, and will develop red flowers blossom in science and culture, and faster and better than people can now antic- the people's livelihood steadily improves on the ipate. We rriust conscientiously study works basis of the development of production. We will by Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin and Chairman eertainly be able to achieve the magnificent goal Mao's works, strive to grasp dialectical and of accomplishing the comprehensive moderniza- historical materialism and oppose idealism and tion of agriculture, industry, national defence metaphysics. We should strengthen unified and science and technology and build China and centralized leadership of the Party arfd into a powerful socialist country before the end strengthen ideological building and organiza- of the century. tional building of the Party so that Party or- celebrate Year's l)ay, we ex- ganizations at all levels can give full play to As we New press deep our.compatriots in Tai- their.fighting role as the vanguard of the pro- concern for letariat- We should wholeheartedly rely on wan Province who aie our own flesh and blood. the working class and the poor and lower- We are determined to accomplish the sacred middle peasants, unite with the other labouring cause of liberating Taiwan and reunifying our people and the masses of intellectuals and motherland. further develop the revolutionary united front We will 'unswervingly the rev- led by the working class, based on the worker- olutionary lind and policies""ro'on iSforei8n affairs peasant alliance patriotie and embracing the formulated by Chairman Mao -himself, uphold parties, demoicratic patriotic personage\s, pa- proletarian internationalism, strengthen our triotiL overseas Chinese and compatriots in unity with the international proletariat and the Hongkong and Macao, consolidate and strength- oppressed nations and oppressed people of the en the dictatorship of the proletariat, defend world, strengthen our unity with the third and develop the victories the Great of Cultural world countries and unite with all countries Revcllution and foster and enhance socialist suffering from imperialist and social-imperial- new CorTrrades things. on the agricultural, in- ist aggression, subversion, interyention, control dustrial and other fronts great must foster and bullying, so as to oppoee the hegemonism and lofty aspirations and work energetically of the 'two superpowers the Soviet Union for socialism in a down-to-earth We - way. and the United States. should strengthen army and ,militia building, adhere to the instruction "The whole nation Let us hold aloft the great red banner of should learn from the People's Liberation Army; Marxisrn-Leninism-Mao Tsetung Thought and, the Liberation Army should learn from the under the leadership of the Party Central people of the whole country," do a good job Committee headed by Chairrnan l{ua, wage a in supporting the. government and cherishing united struggle and advance from victory to the people and 'in supporting the army and victory I

Januarg 1, 1977 47 ference in Doha, capital of ]L B ROUND Qatar. H tE TH E WORLD The communique said the de- * cision was.approved by 11 OPEC i fr EGYPT AND SYRIA turn home and their rights to member states and that Saudi *. self-determination, sovereigntY Arabia and the United Arab ; Estoblishing o Unified and independence." Emirates insisted on increasing Politicol Leodership Presidents expressed their prices by 5 per cent in 1977' ,L The two .L Syrian President Hafez Al- support for the struggle it tfre It said the conference unani- -t, + Assad visited Egypt for four Arab people under Israeli oc- mously agreed to the ProPosal days in mid-December. Both countries con- co- n cupation. 'all for full co-operation and A declaration on the estab- sidered as illegal Israel's ordination between OPEC mem- ; measures to alter the demogra- and other develoPing * lishment of a unified political ber states W Ieadershif between Egypt and phic and geographic nature of countries in establishing the l^ qt Syria, a decree for the imple- the occupied Arab territories new world economic order. tk- and reserved the right to de 1\ mentation of the declaration and It added that the conference mand restoration of their or- t a joint communique were issued approved the measures taken bY iginal nature. I at'the end of his visit. the OPEC Special Fund for suP- IL The declaration The two leaders emphasized porting the development says that the Plans = Governments of Egypt and Syria the importance of Arab soli- of developing countries. The have resolved to set up a uni- darity and reiterated their de- conference also decided that the fied political leadership which termination to take effective OPEC member states would will lay down as early as pos- action in this respect. suppiy another 800 million U.S. sible the base necessary for The communique also called dollars to the fund for integrated strengthening and developing for convening the Geneva con- programme for commodities, unitarian relations between the ference on the Middle East by which had been recommended two countries. the end of next March at the by the 4th U.N. Conference of in The decree for implementa- Iatest, with the participation of Trade and Development tion of the declaration stipulates the Palestine Liberation Organ- Nairobi. ization as an independent party setting up six joint committees Speaking at the opening cere- on an equai footing with other to study and lay down adequate mony, Emir of Qatar Sheikh participants. rules for eonsolidating and Khalifa bin Hamad al-Thani developing union ties between OPEC strongly denounced the transna- the two countries. tional monopolies for forcing Decision to Roise joint down the price of oil and plun- In the communique, the Oil Price two Presidents stressed the ne- dering the oil resources of de- The 48th Ministerial Con- cessity for "establishing a just veloping countries. Hb said the ference of the Organization of and durable peace in the Middle continuatign of world inflation Petroleum Exporting Countries East" and underlined that is redueing purchasing "such (OPEC) has decided to increase .the peace never power of the OPEC countries' a could be estab- the price of oil by 10 per cent oil incomes. lished and last without the with- as from January l,1977 and by drawal of the Israeli forces from 5 per cent rnore as from July He stressed that a just and all the occupied Arab temitories l, L977. This was stated in a reasonable balance should be and the restoration of the Arab press communique issued at the set between oil prices and prices Palestinian people's right to re- end of the December 15-17 con- of industrial goods.