Chinax Course Notes – Modern History
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Social Welfare Under Chinese Socialism
SOCIAL WELFARE UNDER CHINESE SOCIALISM - A CASE STUDY OF THE MINISTRY OF CIVIL AFFAIRS by LINDA WONG LAI YEUK LIN Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the London School of Economics and Political Science University of London May, 1992 - 1 - UMI Number: U615173 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U615173 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 n + £ s ^ s F l O U o ABSTRACT All complex human societies make social provisions to ensure the wellbeing and security of their citizens and to facilitate social integration. As in other societies, China's formal welfare system is embedded in its social structure and its informal networks of self help and mutual aid. This thesis explores the development of one of China's major welfare bureaucracies - the Ministry of Civil Affairs and the local agencies which it supervises from 1949, with especial reference to the period between 1978 to 1988. The study begins by surveying the theories, both Western and socialist, that purport to explain the determinants of welfare. -
Information to Users
INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript Pas been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissenation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from anytype of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely. event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material bad to beremoved, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with smalloverlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back ofthe book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell &Howell Information Company 300North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. MI48106-1346 USA 313!761-47oo 800:521·0600 THE LIN BIAO INCIDENT: A STUDY OF EXTRA-INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS IN THE CULTURAL REVOLUTION A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN HISTORY AUGUST 1995 By Qiu Jin Dissertation Committee: Stephen Uhalley, Jr., Chairperson Harry Lamley Sharon Minichiello John Stephan Roger Ames UMI Number: 9604163 OMI Microform 9604163 Copyright 1995, by OMI Company. -
Lin Biao Riding the Tiger During the Cultural Revolution 1966-1971
FREDERICK C. TEIWES WARREN SUN The Tragedy of Lin Biao Riding the Tiger during the Cultural Revolution 1966-1971 Hong Kong University Press ~~*•.!!l.i)l,g,*!: • "' CONTENTS Preface and Acknowledgements page ix Abbreviations XVl Chapters 1. Introduction 1 2. Lin Biao: The Man and his Context 10 3. Lin Biao during the Active Phase of the Cultural Revolution, 1966-1968 56 4. Lin Biao during the Construction of the New Order, 1969-1971 103 5. Conclusion: Western Assumptions and Chinese Realities 161 Appendix: Lin Biao's Pre-Cultural Revolution Career, 1949-1965: A Critical Chronology 169 Select Bibliography 214 Index 231 Vll PHOTOGRAPHS Between pages 102 and 103 Lin Biao in 1937, as a commander of the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army. Lin Biao in Guangzhou, c. 1960, as Vice Chairman of the Military Affairs Committee. Lin Biao's family with Air ·Force Commander Wu Faxian, early Cultural Revolution period. Lin Biao and Mao Zedong during the Cultural Revolution period. Lin Biao with Mao and Zhou Enlai at Eleventh Plenum, August 1966. Lin Biao reading a speech to a mass reception of Red· Guards, Tiananmen, 31 August 1966. Mao, Zhou Enlai and Lin Biao during a Red Guard reception, 1966. Mao and Lin Biao on rostrum at Ninth Party Congress, April 1969. Lin Biao with the 'four generals', Lushan, September 1970. Mao receiving Edgar Snow, with Lin Biao and others. On the rostrum of Tiananmen during May Day celebrations, 1971, when the Mao-Lin relationship was under strain. Lin Biao's last public appearance, at a reception for Ceau~escu. -
ON the TEN MAJOR RELATIONSHIPS Excerpt from A
ON THE TEN MAJOR RELATIONSHIPS April 25, 1956 Excerpt from a speech by Mao Zedong at an enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. X. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHINA AND OTHER COUNTRIES We have put forward the slo- experience. They all know there gan of learning from other coun- are two aspects to everything, tries. I think we have been right. why do we mention only one? At present, the leaders of some There will always be two aspects, countries are chary and even even ten thousand years from afraid of advancing this slogan. It now. Each age, whether the fu- takes some courage to do so, ture or the present, has its own because theatrical pretensions two aspects, and each individual have to be discarded. has his own two aspects. In It must be admitted that every short, there are two aspects, not nation has its strong points. If just one. To say there is only one not, how can it survive? How can is to be aware of one aspect and it progress? On the other hand, to be ignorant of the other. every nation has its weak points. Some believe that socialism is just perfect, without a single flaw. How can that be true? It must be recognized that there are always two aspects, the strong points and the weak points. The secre- taries of our Party branches, the company commanders and pla- toon leaders of our army have all learned to jot down both aspects in their pocket notebooks, the weak points as well as the strong ones, when summing up their . -
The Chinese Communist Party's Relationship with the Khmer Rouge
WORKING PAPER #88 The Chinese Communist Party’s Relationship with the Khmer Rouge in the 1970s An Ideological Victory and a Strategic Failure By Wang Chenyi THE COLD WAR INTERNATIONAL HISTORY PROJECT WORKING PAPER SERIES Christian F. Ostermann and Charles Kraus, Series Editors This paper is one of a series of Working Papers published by the Cold War International History Project of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, D.C. Established in 1991 by a grant from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the Cold War International History Project (CWIHP) disseminates new information and perspectives on the history of the Cold War as it emerges from previously inaccessible sources from all sides of the post-World War II superpower rivalry. Among the activities undertaken by the Project to promote this aim are the Wilson Center's Digital Archive; a periodic Bulletin and other publications to disseminate new findings, views, and activities pertaining to Cold War history; a fellowship program for historians to conduct archival research and study Cold War history in the United States; and international scholarly meetings, conferences, and seminars. The CWIHP Working Paper series provides a speedy publication outlet for researchers who have gained access to newly-available archives and sources related to Cold War history and would like to share their results and analysis with a broad audience of academics, journalists, policymakers, and students. CWIHP especially welcomes submissions which use archival sources from outside of the United States; offer novel interpretations of well-known episodes in Cold War history; explore understudied events, issues, and personalities important to the Cold War; or improve understanding of the Cold War’s legacies and political relevance in the present day. -
Article 33 Report to the Stewards Council and Executive
Article 33 Report to the Stewards Council and Executive Board SOME LONGSHORING IN SHANGHAI Herb Mills Secretary- Treasurer ILWU Local 10 Report to the Stewards Council and Executive Board -- ILWU Local 10: Some Longshoring in Shanghai I HERB MILLS Secretary _. Treasurer .. -ILWU Local 10 I was one of ten American ~rade unionists invited by the All China Federation of Trade Unionists for a two week tour of their country. Our delegation was made up of members from the Teamsters, the United Auto Workers, the Building Trades, the Operating Engineers, the United Paper Workers, and Cal OSHA I flew with two others of the group from San Francisco to the Narita Airport outside of Tokyo on Thursday, Nov. 13. We departed at 1:40 PM on a Japan AircLines 747 and landed at Narita eleven hours later. By flying westward and crossing the International date line and with a twelve hour layover in Japan we "lost" a calendar day, which we "made up" when we flew home. I spent the morning of what had thus become the next day - Saturday, Nov. 15 - at a Buddhist temple and school in the City of Narita. And with our group then assembled, we departed that afternoon for Beijing, where we arrived at 10:00 PM. We were met by several officers of our hosting organiza tion and transported to the federation's "Guest House" for tea and orientation, for discussion, and for questions and answers. On Sunday, Nov. 16, we toured the city in the morning and then visited the Great Wall and the Ming Tombs. -
Chinese Communists and Rural Society, 1927-1934
Center for Chinese Studies • CHINA RESEARCH MONOGRAPHS UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY NUMBER THIRTEEN CHINESE COMMUNISTS AND RURAL SOCIETY, 1927-1934 PHILIP C. C. HUANG LYNDA SCHAEFER BELL KATHY LEMONS WALKER Chinese Communists and Rural Society, 1927-1934 A publication of the Center for Chinese Studies University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 Cover Colophon by Shih-hsiang Chen Center for Chinese Studies • CHINA RESEARCH MONOGRAPHS UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY NUMBER THIRTEEN CHINESE COMMUNISTS AND RURAL SOCIETY, 1927-1934 PHILIP C. C. HUANG LYNDA SCHAEFER BELL KATHY LEMONS WALKER Although the Center for Chinese Studies is responsible for the selection and acceptance of monographs in this series, respon sibility for the opinions expressed in them and for the accuracy of statements contained in them rests with their authors. © 1978 by the Regents of the Universit y of California ISBN 0-912966-18-1 Library of Congress Catalog Number 78-620018 Printed in the United States of America $5.00 Contents INTRODUCTION ......... ........... .. .. ..... Philip C. C. Huang INTELLECTUALS, LUMPENPROLETARIANS, WORKERS AND PEASANTS IN THE COMMUNIST MOVEMENT.................. 5 Philip C. C. Huang AGRICULTURAL LABORERS AND RURAL REVOLUTION . 29 Lynda Schaefer Bell THE PARTY AND PEASANT WOMEN 57 Kathy LeMons Walker A COMMENT ON THE WESTE RN LITERATURE. 83 Philip C. C. Huang REFERENCES . 99 GLOSSARY . .. .......... ................. .. .. 117 LIST OF MAPS I. Revolutionary Base Areas and Guerilla Zones in 1934 2 II. The Central Soviet Area in 1934 . 6 III. Xingguo and Surrounding Counties......... .. 10 1 The Jiangxi Period : an Introduction Philip C. C. Huang The Chinese Communist movement in its early years was primarily urban-based. -
University of London Ihesis
19 1562106X UNIVERSITY OF LONDON IHESIS DegreeT^D^ Year2o o\ Name of Author5&<Z <2 (NQ-To N , T. COPYRIGHT This is a thesis accepted for a Higher Degree of the University of London. It is an unpublished typescript and the copyright is held by the author. All persons consulting the thesis must read and abide by the Copyright Declaration below. COPYRIGHT DECLARATION I recognise that the copyright of the above-described thesis rests with the author and that no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without the prior written consent of the author. LOAN Theses may not be lent to individuals, but the University Library may lend a copy to approved libraries within the United Kingdom, for consultation solely on the premises of those libraries. Application should be made to: The Theses Section, University of London Library, Senate House, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HU. REPRODUCTON University of London theses may not be reproduced without explicit written permission from the University of London Library. Enquiries should be addressed to the Theses Section of the Library. Regulations concerning reproduction vary according to the date of acceptance of the thesis and are listed below as guidelines. A. Before 1962. Permission granted only upon the prior written consent of the author. (The University Library will provide addresses where possible). B. 1962 - 1974. In many cases the author has agreed to permit copying upon completion of a Copyright Declaration. C. 1975 - 1988. Most theses may be copied upon completion of a Copyright Declaration. D. 1989 onwards. Most theses may be copied. -
Analysis of the Characteristics of Connotation Evolution of Agricultural
The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available on Emerald Insight at: https://www.emerald.com/insight/2516-1652.htm Evolution of Analysis of the characteristics of agricultural connotation evolution of modernization agricultural modernization with Chinese characteristics in the 70 57 years since the founding of Received 8 May 2020 Revised 15 June 2020 New China Accepted 15 June 2020 Yongmu Jiang and Lu Yang School of Economics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, and Zhang Xiaolei School of Marxism, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China Abstract Purpose – With the development of social productive forces and the advancement of agricultural practices since the founding of New China, the connotation of agricultural modernization with Chinese characteristics has undergone a process from formation to continuous expansion and deepening. Design/methodology/approach – Its evolution can be roughly divided into four stages: the exploration stage, the formation stage, the establishment stage and the deepening stage. The historical evolution of the connotation of agricultural modernization with Chinese characteristics demonstrates four typical characteristics, namely increasingly scientific logical premise, continuously diversified orientations, increasingly improved core contents and progressively maturing strategies of development. Findings – The achievements of agricultural modernization have laid a solid foundation for China’s industrial modernization and the rapid development of the national economy. Meanwhile, the authors have identified through practical exploration a path of agricultural modernization with Chinese characteristics. In recent years, academic research on the connotation of agricultural modernization with Chinese characteristics has gradually heated up, and relevant achievements have emerged constantly. Originality/value – The Communist Party of China (hereinafter “CPC”) has placed considerable emphasis on agricultural issues and has been committed to promoting agricultural modernization since the founding of New China. -
THE SINO-SOVIET ALLIANCE and CHINA's ENTRY INTO the KOREAN WAR CHEN JIAN State University of New York at Geneseo Working Paper
THE SINO-SOVIET ALLIANCE AND CHINA’S ENTRY INTO THE KOREAN WAR CHEN JIAN State University of New York at Geneseo Working Paper No. 1 Cold War International History Project Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars Washington, D.C. June 1992 THE COLD WAR INTERNATIONAL HISTORY PROJECT WORKING PAPER SERIES CHRISTIAN F. OSTERMANN, Series Editor This paper is one of a series of Working Papers published by the Cold War International History Project of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, D.C. Established in 1991 by a grant from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the Cold War International History Project (CWIHP) disseminates new information and perspectives on the history of the Cold War as it emerges from previously inaccessible sources on “the other side” of the post-World War II superpower rivalry. The project supports the full and prompt release of historical materials by governments on all sides of the Cold War, and seeks to accelerate the process of integrating new sources, materials and perspectives from the former “Communist bloc” with the historiography of the Cold War which has been written over the past few decades largely by Western scholars reliant on Western archival sources. It also seeks to transcend barriers of language, geography, and regional specialization to create new links among scholars interested in Cold War history. Among the activities undertaken by the project to promote this aim are a periodic BULLETIN to disseminate new findings, views, and activities pertaining to Cold War history; a fellowship program for young historians from the former Communist bloc to conduct archival research and study Cold War history in the United States; international scholarly meetings, conferences, and seminars; and publications. -
The 20Th Party Congress of the Soviet Union
Parallel History Project on NATO and the Warsaw Pact The Cold War History of Sino-Soviet Relations June 2005 The 20th Party Congress of the Soviet Union and Mao Zedong’s Tortuous Path by Lin Yunhui* With regard to socialist development in China, Mao Zedong once said,“at the beginning of building a new state, we just copied the Soviet Union as there was no path to follow.” 1 He also said “during the first three years of recovery after Liberation, we were quite confused about development. Later on, when we drew up our first five-year plan, we were still not very clear about it, so we basically had to do what the Soviet Union did. But we were not satisfied and felt uneasy.2 “In On the Ten Major Relationships, published in April 1956, we began to set up our own line on development. The principles of development were the same as the Soviet Union’s but there were some differences in method. We had our own ideas.”3 “Our own line on development” must have directly originated from the exposure of Stalin’s mistakes at the 20th Party Congress of the Soviet Union. However, as circumstances changed, Mao’s view’s on the 20th Party Congress also changed a lot. This directly influenced the theory and practice of China’s own brand of socialism. Taking the Soviet Union as a Warning, Follow China’s Own Path According to Bo Yibo’s recollections, all that happened after Stalin’s death - including the exposure of Beria, the reversal of a series of unjust and wrong verdicts, the strengthening of agriculture, debates about the heavy industry centered policy, the change of attitude toward Yugoslavia and the rapid replacement of the successor chosen by Stalin - had made the Central Committee of the CPC aware of the problems in Stalin’s and Soviet Union’s experience. -
China's Developing Environmental Law: Policies, Practices and Legislation
Boston College International and Comparative Law Review Volume 6 | Issue 1 Article 4 12-1-1983 China’s Developing Environmental Law: Policies, Practices and Legislation Bruce L. Ottley Charles Valauskas Follow this and additional works at: http://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/iclr Part of the Environmental Law Commons, and the Legislation Commons Recommended Citation Bruce L. Ottley & hC arles Valauskas, China’s Developing Environmental Law: Policies, Practices and Legislation, 6 B.C. Int'l & Comp. L. Rev. 81 (1983), http://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/iclr/vol6/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in Boston College International and Comparative Law Review by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School. For more information, please contact [email protected]. China's Developing Environmental Law: Policies, Practices and Legislation by Bruce L. Ottley* and Charles C. Valauskas** I. INTRODUCTION InJuly 1979 the People's Republic of China took a major step toward creating a Western style legal system when it enacted seven new laws.! Since that time, the Chinese have given increasing attention to the role of law2 as a means of regulating conduct. The National People's Congress has adopted subsequent laws, regulations and procedures aimed at establishing a general legal system for the country and regulating foreign investment.3 Amid the rapid developments taking place in Chinese law, American lawyers, scholars and business people have focused most of their attention on the legal aspects of normalization of relations between the United States and China.