Estudio Para El Uso De Bandas De Frecuencia En La Operación De

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Estudio Para El Uso De Bandas De Frecuencia En La Operación De ESTUDIO PARA EL USO DE BANDAS DE FRECUENCIA EN LA OPERACIÓN DE SISTEMAS DE AERONAVES NO TRIPULADAS PARA USOS COMERCIALES Y CVILES DE ACUERDO AL CUADRO NACIONAL DE ATRIBUCIÓN DE BANDAS DE FRECUENCIA CNABF 2014 EN COLOMBIA. JHON EDUAR BONILLA CABALLERO JUAN PABLO SAINEA MORENO UNIVERSIDAD DISTRITAL FRANCISCO JOSÉ DE CALDAS FACULTAD TECNOLÓGICA INGENIERIA EN TELECOMUNICACIONES BOGOTÁ 2016 ESTUDIO PARA EL USO DE BANDAS DE FRECUENCIA EN LA OPERACIÓN DE SISTEMAS DE AERONAVES NO TRIPULADAS PARA USOS COMERCIALES Y CI- VILES DE ACUERDO AL CUADRO NACIONAL DE ATRIBUCIÓN DE BANDAS DE FRECUENCIA CNABF 2014 EN COLOMBIA. Jhon Eduar Bonilla Caballero Juan Pablo Sainea Moreno Trabajo de grado para optar el título de Ingeniería en telecomunicaciones GIOVANI MANCILLA GAONA Profesor e Investigador de la Universidad Distrital UNIVERSIDAD DISTRITAL FRANCISCO JOSÉ DE CALDAS FACULTAD TECNOLÓGICA INGENIERIA EN TELECOMUNICACIONES BOGOTÁ 2016 Nota de aceptación ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ Giovani Mancilla Gaona ________________________ Jurado ________________________ Jurado A todas aquellas personas Que nos brindaron su apoyo, Ánimo y colaboración. En especial a Rafael Niño. AGRADECIMIENTOS Nos complace y llena de alegría culminar con la propuesta investigativa que se planteó para el presente trabajo de grado. Dicho trabajo, no hubiera sido posible sin la colaboración de nuestro tutor Giovani Mancilla, a quien agradecemos por alentar en los momentos más complicados del proceso y ayudarnos con ideas para la formulación del trabajo de grado; además de guiarnos durante todo su desarrollo. Queremos agradecer de manera especial a Rafael Niño funcionario de la ANE por sus aportes e interés, los cuales fueron de gran ayuda para despejar dudas y poder consolidar los resultados de la investigación. Por último, agradecemos aquellas personas quienes con su paciencia, colabora- ción y conocimientos brindaron lo necesario para no desistir en este proceso. RESUMEN En la actualidad se ha extendido a nivel mundial la comercialización y uso de Vehículos Aéreos No Tripulados – en adelante UAV por sus siglas en inglés (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)- para uso profesional, recreativo y experimental. Lo cual, ha representado un gran desafío para la regula- ción normativa de dichos dispositivos desde dos escenarios: la aeronáutica y el espectro radio- eléctrico. La primera, busca gestionar el uso del espacio aéreo tanto de aeronaves piloteadas co- mo de aeronaves tripuladas remotamente, mientras la segunda es el medio por el cual se trasmite la onda electromagnética utilizada en la comunicación de distintos dispositivos, entre ellos los UAV. Por esta razón, en Colombia existe una preocupación por generar recomendaciones nor- mativas para el uso de Vehículos Aéreos No Tripulados teniendo en cuanta las experiencias desarrolladas a nivel mundial, permitiendo establecer aspectos que favorezcan así el correcto funcionamiento de esta tecnología con los servicios ya establecidos. En consecuencia la presente investigación, indagó acerca de la normativa vigente a nivel nacio- nal e internacional en el uso de los UAV. Para tal efecto, se revisaron las bandas de frecuencia clasificadas en Colombia según el cuadro nacional de atribución de bandas –CNABF- publicadas por la Agencia Nacional del Espectro -ANE- y las frecuencias de uso no licenciado en contraste con la información recolectada a partir del estudio de mercado. De esta manera, se logró identifi- car cuatro frecuencias para uso comercial y la operación en Colombia de los UAV de acuerdo a la reglamentación vigente tanto de la ANE como de la Aeronáutica civil. Además se sugiriere que algunas recomendaciones para el uso de bandas de frecuencias no licenciadas en la opera- ción de los UAV. GLOSARIO Aeronave: Toda máquina que pueda sustentarse en la atmósfera por reacciones del aire que no sean las reacciones del mismo contra la superficie de la tierra. (OACI, 2011) Aeronave Autónoma: Aeronave no tripulada que no permite la intervención del piloto en la gestión del vuelo. (OACI, 2011) Aeronave no Tripulada: Aeronave destinada a volar sin piloto a bordo. (OACI, 2011) Aeronave Pilotada a Distancia: Aeronave que no lleva a bordo un piloto a los mandos. (OACI, 2011) ANE -Agencia Nacional del Espectro-: Realizar la planeación, atribución, vigilancia y control del Espectro Radioeléctrico en Colombia, así como brindar la asesoría técnica para la gestión eficiente del mismo y fomentar su conocimiento. (ANE, 2016) ATC: subsistema de comunicaciones -No retransmitida necesariamente a través de la UA-. (ITU, 2010) Espacio Aéreo: Es una porción de la atmósfera terrestre, tanto sobre tierra como sobre agua, regulada por un país en particular. Existen cuatro tipos de espacio aéreo: controlado, no contro- lado, espacio aéreo de uso especial, y otros. Contenido INTRODUCCIÓN .......................................................................................................................... 1 CAPITULO 1 .................................................................................................................................. 3 Problema...................................................................................................................................... 3 Objetivo general .......................................................................................................................... 3 Objetivos específicos................................................................................................................... 3 CAPITULO 2 .................................................................................................................................. 5 Marco conceptual ............................................................................................................................ 5 Conceptos básicos de los UAV ............................................................................................... 5 Clasificaciones de los UAV ..................................................................................................... 6 Uso de los UAV ....................................................................................................................... 9 Comunicaciones en UAVS .................................................................................................... 11 Generalidades del espectro radioeléctrico ................................................................................. 13 Bandas de uso no licenciado en Colombia ............................................................................ 14 Marco Jurídico reglamentación vigente en el área de UAV ......................................................... 15 Recomendaciones de UIT en UAV ........................................................................................... 15 Normativa vigente en países desarrollados Normatividad según la organización de aviación civil internacional ICAO para UAV.......................................................................................... 19 Marco regulatorio ...................................................................................................................... 21 Canada: .................................................................................................................................. 21 Reino Unido ........................................................................................................................... 22 Australia................................................................................................................................. 23 España .................................................................................................................................... 25 Normativa vigente en américa latina ......................................................................................... 25 Marco regulatorio ...................................................................................................................... 25 Argentina ............................................................................................................................... 25 México ................................................................................................................................... 26 Normatividad vigente en Colombia .......................................................................................... 26 Condiciones de aeronavegabilidad ........................................................................................ 30 CAPITULO 3 ................................................................................................................................ 33 Estudio de mercado a nivel global ............................................................................................ 33 ANÁLISIS DE RESULTADOS ............................................................................................... 35 CAPITULO 4 Conclusiones ........................................................................................................ 38 Recomendaciones ...................................................................................................................... 54 CAPITULO 5 ................................................................................................................................ 55 Bibliografía ................................................................................................................................... 55 Lista de tablas
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