The Need for Enemies
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PARAMILITARIES Kill Suspected Supporters of the FARC
UniTeD SelF-DeFenSe FoRCeS oF ColoMBiA (AUC) PARAMiliTARY TRooPS, lA GABARRA, noRTe De SAnTAnDeR, DeCeMBeR 10, 2004 PARAMiliTARieS kill suspected supporters of the FARC. By 1983, locals reported DEATh TO KIDNAPPERs cases of army troops and MAS fighters working together to assas- sinate civilians and burn farms.5 After the 1959 Cuban revolution, the U.S. became alarmed power and wealth, to the point that by 2004 the autodefensas had this model of counterinsurgency proved attractive to the Colom- that Marxist revolts would break out elsewhere in latin Ameri- taken over much of the country. bian state. on a 1985 visit to Puerto Boyacá, President Belisario Be- ca. in 1962, an Army special warfare team arrived in Colombia to As they expanded their control across Colombia, paramil- tancur reportedly declared, “every inhabitant of Magdalena Medio help design a counterinsurgency strategy for the Colombian armed itary militias forcibly displaced over a million persons from the has risen up to become a defender of peace, next to our army, next to forces. even though the FARC and other insurgent groups had not land.3 By official numbers, as of 2011, the autodefensas are estimat- our police… Continue on, people of Puerto Boyacá!”6 yet appeared on the scene, U.S. advisers recommended that a force ed to have killed at least 140,000 civilians including hundreds of Soon, landowners, drug traffickers, and security forces set made up of civilians be used “to perform counteragent and coun- trade unionists, teachers, human rights defenders, rural organiz- up local autodefensas across Colombia. in 1987, the Minister of terpropaganda functions and, as necessary, execute paramilitary, ers, politicians, and journalists who they labelled as sympathetic government César gaviria testified to the existence of 140 ac- sabotage, and/or terrorist activities against known communist pro- to the guerrillas.3 tive right-wing militias in the country.7 Many sported macabre ponents. -
COLOMBIA the Ties That Bind: Colombia and Military-Paramilitary Links
February 2000 Vol. 12 No. 1 (B) COLOMBIA The Ties That Bind: Colombia and Military-Paramilitary Links TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................................................................2 COLOMBIA AND MILITARY-PARAMILITARY LINKS .......................................................................................................................6 THIRD BRIGADE .....................................................................................................................................................6 FOURTH BRIGADE................................................................................................................................................10 THIRTEENTH BRIGADE.......................................................................................................................................19 SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS Human Rights Watch here presents detailed, abundant, and compelling evidence of continuing close ties between the Colombian Army and paramilitary groups responsible for gross human rights violations. This information was compiled by Colombian government investigators and Human Rights Watch. Several of our sources, including eyewitnesses, requested anonymity because their lives have been under threat as a result of their testimony. Far from moving decisively to sever ties to paramilitaries, Human Rights Watch=s evidence strongly suggests that Colombia=s military high command has yet to take the necessary steps to accomplish -
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Case Log October 2000 - April 2002
Description of document: Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Case Log October 2000 - April 2002 Requested date: 2002 Release date: 2003 Posted date: 08-February-2021 Source of document: Information and Privacy Coordinator Central Intelligence Agency Washington, DC 20505 Fax: 703-613-3007 Filing a FOIA Records Request Online The governmentattic.org web site (“the site”) is a First Amendment free speech web site and is noncommercial and free to the public. The site and materials made available on the site, such as this file, are for reference only. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals have made every effort to make this information as complete and as accurate as possible, however, there may be mistakes and omissions, both typographical and in content. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused, or alleged to have been caused, directly or indirectly, by the information provided on the governmentattic.org web site or in this file. The public records published on the site were obtained from government agencies using proper legal channels. Each document is identified as to the source. Any concerns about the contents of the site should be directed to the agency originating the document in question. GovernmentAttic.org is not responsible for the contents of documents published on the website. 1 O ct 2000_30 April 2002 Creation Date Requester Last Name Case Subject 36802.28679 STRANEY TECHNOLOGICAL GROWTH OF INDIA; HONG KONG; CHINA AND WTO 36802.2992 CRAWFORD EIGHT DIFFERENT REQUESTS FOR REPORTS REGARDING CIA EMPLOYEES OR AGENTS 36802.43927 MONTAN EDWARD GRADY PARTIN 36802.44378 TAVAKOLI-NOURI STEPHEN FLACK GUNTHER 36810.54721 BISHOP SCIENCE OF IDENTITY FOUNDATION 36810.55028 KHEMANEY TI LEAF PRODUCTIONS, LTD. -
Ending Colombia's FARC Conflict: Dealing the Right Card
ENDING COLOMBIA’S FARC CONFLICT: DEALING THE RIGHT CARD Latin America Report N°30 – 26 March 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY............................................................................................................. i I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 II. FARC STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES................................................................... 2 A. ADAPTIVE CAPACITY ...................................................................................................................4 B. AN ORGANISATION UNDER STRESS ..............................................................................................5 1. Strategy and tactics ......................................................................................................................5 2. Combatant strength and firepower...............................................................................................7 3. Politics, recruitment, indoctrination.............................................................................................8 4. Withdrawal and survival ..............................................................................................................9 5. Urban warfare ............................................................................................................................11 6. War economy .............................................................................................................................12 -
Break the Spell Or More of the Same?
Break the spell or more of the same? 1 Colombian Platform for Human Rights, Democracy and Development Secretaría Técnica Corporación Cactus Correo electrónico: [email protected] Carrera 25 Nº 51-37, oficina 301 Tels.: (571) 345 83 40 - (571) 345 83 29 Comité Editorial: Corporación Cactus, Colectivo de Abogados José Alvear Restrepo (Cajar), Instituto Latinoamericano de Servicios Legales Alternativos (ILSA) Edición: Carlos Enrique Angarita Foto carátula: Jesús Abad Colorado Fernanda Pineda Palencia Caricaturas: Vladdo: Cortesía Revista Semana – Publicaciones Semana S.A. Antonio Caballero: Revista Semana – Publicaciones Semana S.A. Chócolo: Cortesía del autor Preparación editorial: Marta Rojas Traducción: Luke Holland Diseño: Paola Escobar Versión impresa en español: Ediciones Antropos Bogotá, Colombia, Noviembre de 2009 Los artículos que aparecen en este libro son responsabilidad de sus autores. Se permite la reproducción parcial o total de esta obra, en cualquier formato, mecánico o digital, siempre y cuando no se modifique su contenido, se res- pete su autoría y se mantenga esta nota. 2 Break the spell or more of the same? 3 ho IND 6 Presentation PART 4: COMMODIFICATION OF THE TERRITORY PART 1: CONTEXT 126 Rural and food issues under the Uribe government Juan Carlos Morales González 11 The Democratic Security Policy in its regional context: old affinities with the North, new contradictions with the Southr 139 The human right to water, environmental crisis Consuelo Ahumada and social mobilisation INDEX Rafael Colmenares Faccini 19 The bankers get rich while misery spreads Jorge Iván González 149 Commodifying public goods: deepening exclusion and poverty An analysis of waste management policy 24 In time of crisis, the bank doesn’t serve during the Álvaro Uribe government Juan Diego Restrepo E. -
Ending Colombia's FARC Conflict
ENDING COLOMBIA’S FARC CONFLICT: DEALING THE RIGHT CARD Latin America Report N°30 – 26 March 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY............................................................................................................. i I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 II. FARC STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES................................................................... 2 A. ADAPTIVE CAPACITY ...................................................................................................................4 B. AN ORGANISATION UNDER STRESS ..............................................................................................5 1. Strategy and tactics ......................................................................................................................5 2. Combatant strength and firepower...............................................................................................7 3. Politics, recruitment, indoctrination.............................................................................................8 4. Withdrawal and survival ..............................................................................................................9 5. Urban warfare ............................................................................................................................11 6. War economy .............................................................................................................................12 -
Colombia: the U.S
UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE Simulation on Colombia: The U.S. Response to the Changing Nature of International Conflict This simulation provides participants with a profound understanding of the political agendas, options, and dynamics at play within the US. foreign policy apparatus when prospects of foreign intervention by the U.S. military are under consideration. Participants grapple with a scenario of increasing political and economic crisis in Colombia, and debate the decisions that U.S. policy- makers must consider in defining an appropriate American response to help bring stability to that country. Simulation participants role-play officials from the Executive and Legislative branches of the U.S. Government, members of human rights organizations, and journalists representing various U.S. media. In representing their particular positions in these challenging negotiations, participants will have ample opportunity to consider the broader implications of the scenario on U.S. foreign policy and international conflict in general. Simulation on Colombia: The U.S. Response to the Changing Nature of International Conflict Simulation on Colombia: The U.S. Response to the Changing Nature of International Conflict Table of Contents Introduction ...................................................................................... 4 Materials............................................................................................ 5 Scenario ............................................................................................ 6 -
Colombia Country Assessment/Bulletins
COLOMBIA COUNTRY ASSESSMENT October 2001 Country Information and Policy Unit CONTENTS 1. SCOPE OF DOCUMENT 1.1 - 1.5 2. GEOGRAPHY 2.1 - 2.2 3. HISTORY 3.1 – 3.38 Recent history 3.1 - 3.28 Current political situation 3.29 - 3.38 4. INSTRUMENTS OF THE STATE 4.1 – 4.60 Political System 4.1 Security 4.2 - 4.19 Armed forces 4.3 - 4.18 Military service 4.12 - 4.18 Police 4.19 - 4.28 DAS 4.29 - 4.30 The Judiciary 4.33 - 4.41 The Prison System 4.42 - 4.44 Key Social Issues 4.45 - 4.76 The Drugs Trade 4.45 - 4.57 Extortion 4.58 - 4.61 4.62 - 4.76 Kidnapping 5. HUMAN RIGHTS 5A: HUMAN RIGHTS: GENERAL ASSESSMENT A.1 – A.176 Introduction A.1 - A.3 Paramilitary, Guerrilla and other groups A.4 - A.32 FARC A.4 - A. 17 Demilitarized Zone around San Vicente del Caguan A.18 - A.31 ELN A.32 - A.48 EPL A.49 Paramilitaries A.50 - A.75 The security forces A.76 - A.96 Human rights defenders A.97 - A.111 The role of the government and the international community A.112 - A.123 The peace talks A.124 - A.161 Plan Colombia A.162 - A.176 5B: HUMAN RIGHTS: SPECIFIC GROUPS B.1 - B.35 Women B.1 - B.3 Homosexuals B.4 - B.5 Religious freedom B.9 - B.11 Healthcare system B.11 - B.29 People with disabilities B.30 Ethnic minority groups B.31 - B.46 Race B.32 - B.34 Indigenous People B.35 - B.38 Children B.39 - B.46 5C: HUMAN RIGHTS: OTHER ISSUES C.1 - C.43 Freedom of political association C.1 - C.16 Union Patriotica (UP) C.6- C.13 Other Parties C.14 - C.16 Freedom of speech and press C.17 - C.23 Freedom of assembly C.24 - C.28 Freedom of the individual C.29 - C.31 Freedom of travel/internal flight C.32 - C.34 Internal flight C.35 - C.45 Persecution within the terms of the 1951 UN Convention C.46 ANNEX A: POLITICAL, GUERRILLA & SELF-DEFENCE UNITS (PARAMILITARY) ANNEX B: ACRONYMS ANNEX C: BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. -
OEA/Ser.G CP/ACTA 1632/08 Corr. 1 4 Y 5 Marzo 2008 ACTA DE LA
CONSEJO PERMANENTE OEA/Ser.G CP/ACTA 1632/08 corr. 1 4 y 5 marzo 2008 ACTA DE LA SESIÓN EXTRAORDINARIA DEL CONSEJO PERMANENTE DE LA ORGANIZACIÓN CELEBRADA LOS 4 Y 5 DE MARZO DE 2008 Aprobada en la sesión del 14 de abril de 2008 ÍNDICE Página Nómina de los Representantes que asistieron a la sesión del 4 de marzo de 2008 .......................................................................................................................................... 1 Aprobación del proyecto de orden del día .......................................................................................................... 3 La incursión en territorio del Ecuador de la fuerza pública colombiana para enfrentarse con integrantes de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC)............................................................................................................................................ 3 [Receso] La incursión en territorio del Ecuador de la fuerza pública colombiana para enfrentarse con integrantes de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC) (continuación) ................................................................................................................. 41 [Receso] Nómina de los Representantes que asistieron a la sesión del 5 de marzo de 2008 ........................................................................................................................................ 57 Convocatoria de la Reunión de Consulta de Ministros de Relaciones Exteriores y nombramiento de una Comisión ........................................................................... -
Talking About Peace
Talking about Peace The Role of Language in the Resolution of the Conflict in Colombia Maja Lie Opdahl Master Thesis Department of Political Science UNIVERSITY OF OSLO Spring 2018 Word count: 55.040 II "Discourses are the product of power by which hegemonic interpretations are seemingly naturalized and internalized, but also resisted and contested, within the social realm" (Dunn and Neumann, 2016, p.13). III ã Opdahl 2018 Talking about Peace: The Role of Language in the Resolution of the Conflict in Colombia Maja Lie Opdahl http://www.duo.uio.no Print: Grafisk Senter IV V Abstract How was it possible that Colombian politicians found a solution to the conflict in 2016, but which nevertheless was rejected by the people? In this thesis, I analyse the process which ended in a historical peace agreement between the Colombian government and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia – The People’s Army (FARC-EP) in 2016. The ambition is to understand how the national government has moved discursively from fighting a war on ‘terrorism’ to promoting a political solution to an ‘internal armed conflict’. Theoretically, the thesis draws on poststructuralist discourse analysis to uncover how different constructions of identity (Self/Other) has translated into different national frameworks for peace. The basic premise is that actors interpret the world through language, and that language simultaneously creates, transforms and reproduces versions of the world. Discourses can be seen as structures of meaning that inform how we understand materiality and in simple terms, allow us to make sense of the world. In the extension, discourses produce a bandwidth of possible action and thought that we deem natural or unnatural, legitimate or illegitimate upon the confrontation of a problem. -
El Despojo De Tierras Por Paramilitares En Colombia
1 EL DESPOJO DE TIERRAS POR PARAMILITARES EN COLOMBIA Alejandro Reyes Posada, Sociólogo Liliana Duica Amaya, Ciencia Política Wilber Aníbal Pedraza, Ingeniero de Sistemas Presentación Este trabajo presenta una visión de conjunto sobre el proceso de expulsión de la población campesina y el despojo de tierras rurales en Colombia entre los años 1997, cuando fueron creadas las Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia – AUC-, y 2007, cuando había concluido su desmonte y desmovilización en el gobierno del presidente Álvaro Uribe Vélez (2002-2010). La primera parte enfatiza la identificación de los dominios territoriales, por municipios, y sus principales impactos en el desplazamiento de población y el abandono de tierras. La segunda parte describe en mayor detalle lo ocurrido en once departamentos seleccionados, con base en entrevistas a funcionarios responsables de los temas, investigadores y líderes sociales, consulta documental y revisión de las bases de datos sistemáticas de las que dispone el país sobre la materia. Bajo la apariencia de un fenómeno masivo y sistemático de expulsión de población y despojo de tierras se esconde una gran diversidad de situaciones regionales y locales, de gran complejidad, en la cual incidieron factores como la composición y conducta de los grupos dirigentes anteriores, el ascenso de narcotraficantes a las capas dirigentes, la captura de los estados regionales por los señores de la guerra, la influencia de las guerrillas en la población rural, la complicidad o tolerancia de las fuerzas armadas y del gobierno en la consolidación y posterior desmonte de los grupos paramilitares, y las reacciones de la justicia, que condujeron a resultados diferentes de región a región. -
WOLA Colombia Monitor
WOLA Colombia Monitor JULY 2002 A WOLA BRIEFING SERIES Produced by the Washington Office on Colombia Cracks Down Latin America, the Colombia Monitor n May 26, Alvaro Uribe Vélez earned the Colombian presidency in a re- combines timely analysis sounding first-round victory. This edition of the Colombia Monitor provides of policy dynamics in Obackground on the history of Colombian elections, a review of this year’s Washington with on-the- March congressional and May presidential elections, and an assessment of the chal- ground monitoring of lenges awaiting, and concerns about, the Uribe administration, which assumes office on the impact of U.S. policy August 7. It also outlines the unfolding debate about Colombia in Washington, particu- in the Andean region. The larly around the emergency supplemental appropriations bill that will, among other intent of this briefing things, alter the U.S. mission in Colombia to include involvement in series is to broaden and counterinsurgency operations. inform the public and policy debates about how to strengthen Democracy and Elections in Colombian History democracy, human rights, The Conservative and Liberal parties are pillars of Colombian political history. Their and prospects for peace. nineteenth-century origins are some of the oldest in Latin America and one scholar has called them the “functional equivalent of subcultures.”1 Until the late 1950s, the parties did This issue provides an more than represent social cleavages in Colombia: they were the social cleavage. Indeed, the analysis of the Colombian infamous la violencia (“the violence”), a civil war lasting from the 1940s until the 1960s, presidential election and largely stemmed from land disputes and the “hereditary hatreds” of familial party loyalties.