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The Doctrinal Basis of Islamic Utterances Associated with Domestic Assaults

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The Doctrinal Basis of Islamic Utterances Associated with Domestic Assaults Walden University ScholarWorks Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection 2021 The Doctrinal Basis of Islamic Utterances Associated With Domestic Assaults William Andrew Arthur Gawthrop Walden University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations Part of the Islamic Studies Commons This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection at ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Walden University College of Social and Behavioral Sciences This is to certify that the doctoral dissertation by William A. A. Gawthrop has been found to be complete and satisfactory in all respects, and that any and all revisions required by the review committee have been made. Review Committee Dr. Lori Demeter, Committee Chairperson, Criminal Justice Faculty Dr. Tamara Mouras, Committee Member, Criminal Justice Faculty Dr. Gregory Koehle, University Reviewer, Criminal Justice Faculty Chief Academic Officer and Provost Sue Subocz, Ph.D. Walden University 2021 Abstract The Doctrinal Basis of Islamic Utterances Associated With Domestic Assaults by William A. A. Gawthrop MS, Strategic Intelligence, Joint Military Intelligence College, 2002 Diploma, Command and Staff, U.S. Marine Corps Institute, 1986 Diploma, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, 1983 BS, Sam Houston State University, 1975 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Criminal Justice Walden University May 2021 Abstract Between March 1977, and February 2020, there have been 78 instances of ideologically motivated murders and attempted murders in the United States. These instances were characterized as individual-based attacks against other individuals and treated as local crime. However, in each instance, there were indications of Islamic religious overtones characterized by Islamic religious utterances made by the attackers. The overall problem addressed in this study was the lack of research on the utterances associated with religiously based autonomous self-actualization resulting in homicides and assaults: jihad applied as street crime. The key research questions are: What are the utterances associated with Islamic-based assaults in the United States? What are the linguistic cues embedded in each utterance associated with Islamic-based assaults in the United States? What is the doctrinal basis for each linguistic cue associated with Islamic-based assaults in the United States? The theoretical framework was the social identity theory, and the conceptual theory and framework was the theory of jihad. This qualitative embedded case study explored utterances recorded in publicly accessible police, court, and other government documents and used NVivo analysis to identify religious themes motivating individuals to action. Results indicated that subjects had actionable understandings of their doctrine and its mandates while the criminal justice system did not. Findings from the study may promote positive social change by being used to expand criminal justice scholarship into Islam's doctrinal texts for the purpose of understanding the origins of conflict. Applications of this new knowledge may improve education, training, investigative practices, and procedures. The Doctrinal Basis of Islamic Utterances Associated With Domestic Assaults by William A. A. Gawthrop MS, Strategic Intelligence, Joint Military Intelligence College, 2002 Diploma, Command and Staff, U.S. Marine Corps Institute, 1986 Diploma, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, 1983 BS, Sam Houston State University, 1975 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Criminal Justice Walden University May 2021 Dedication To: The Intelligence Analyst Who Gives Warning and The Criminal Investigator Who Seeks The Truth of the Matter Acknowledgments Dr. Lori Demeter and Dr. Tamara Mouras: Thank you for stepping into the arena. Table of Contents List of Tables .................................................................................................................... vii List of Figures .................................................................................................................. viii Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study ....................................................................................1 Background ....................................................................................................................1 Problem Statement .........................................................................................................2 Purpose of the Study ......................................................................................................3 Research Questions ........................................................................................................4 Theoretical Framework ..................................................................................................5 Social Identity Theory............................................................................................. 5 Theory of Jihad ....................................................................................................... 6 Nature of the Study ........................................................................................................7 Definitions............................................................................................................... 9 Assumptions .................................................................................................................11 Scope ..........................................................................................................................11 Limitations ...................................................................................................................12 Significance..................................................................................................................12 Summary ......................................................................................................................12 Chapter 2: Literature Review .............................................................................................14 Introduction ..................................................................................................................14 Structure of Chapter 2 ........................................................................................... 16 Literature Search Strategy..................................................................................... 16 i Theoretical Framework: Social Identity Theory and the Theory of Jihad ...................17 Social Identity Theory........................................................................................... 17 Theory of Jihad ..................................................................................................... 20 Jihad Defined ........................................................................................................ 22 The Basis for Jihad................................................................................................ 23 The Evolution of Jihad .......................................................................................... 24 The Role of Jihad .................................................................................................. 24 The Purpose of Jihad ............................................................................................. 24 Harm Allowed ....................................................................................................... 25 The Baia Pledge .................................................................................................... 25 Incitement and Stimulation for Jihad .................................................................... 25 The Duty of Jihad.................................................................................................. 26 The Obligation to Fight ......................................................................................... 26 Collective Obligation ............................................................................................ 27 Individual Obligation ............................................................................................ 27 Responding to the Call to Jihad ............................................................................ 27 The Rewards of Jihad............................................................................................ 28 Not All Believers Are Equal ................................................................................. 28 Failure to Go Out for Jihad ................................................................................... 28 Training ................................................................................................................. 28 Who Is Qualified to Fight ..................................................................................... 29 Who Is to Be Fought ............................................................................................. 30 ii Who May Be Killed .............................................................................................. 30 Disposition
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