AHA 2010 Freedom of Expression and the Rights of Women
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Leaving Islam for Christianity: Asylum Seeker Converts
Chapter 17 Leaving Islam for Christianity: Asylum Seeker Converts Nora Stene 1 Introduction This chapter presents a case study from Norway, and explores why and how some asylum seekers leave one religion for another: more specifically Islam for Christianity. The context of their conversion is migration and the difficult situ- ation of asylum seekers. The chapter also highlights perspectives and method- ologies especially relevant to this field of study. There are no available official statistics on the number of asylum seeker converts in Norway. However, the Norwegian Immigration Appeals Board (une) estimates that between 2001 and 2015 approximately 950 individuals converted from Islam to Christianity – listing fear of religious persecution as support for their asylum appeals. The great majority of them were from Iran or Afghanistan, but une data has registered smaller numbers of converts from a total of 23 different countries (details in Stene 2016, personal communication une 2017). It should be noted that in order to be considered a convert by the une there must be an announcement of faith, baptism, and attachment to a local Christian congregation (une 2016). The actual number of converts may also be higher than the figure given above, as asylum seekers may not mention conversion in their applications –or appeals. The une has observed that conversions/baptisms usually take place during the appeal-process, after an initial asylum application has been rejected. In this period a number of asylum seekers have contact with Christian congregations (une 2016). Clearly critical to certain kinds of active proselytisation among asylum seekers, the une, human rights- and church umbrella-organisations have issued guidelines to protect asylum seekers from what has been termed “unwanted attention” from missionaries (details in Stene 2016:207). -
Arabs and Muslims in the Media After 9/11: Representational Strategies for a “Postrace” Era
Arabs and Muslims in the Media after 9/11: Representational Strategies for a “Postrace” Era Evelyn Alsultany American Quarterly, Volume 65, Number 1, March 2013, pp. 161-169 (Article) Published by The Johns Hopkins University Press DOI: 10.1353/aq.2013.0008 For additional information about this article http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/aq/summary/v065/65.1.alsultany.html Access provided by University of Michigan @ Ann Arbor (21 Oct 2013 10:05 GMT) Arabs, Muslims, and “Post-race” Representations after 9/11 | 161 Arabs and Muslims in the Media after 9/11: Representational Strategies for a “Postrace” Era Evelyn Alsultany fter 9/11 a strange thing happened: there was an increase in sym- pathetic portrayals of Arabs and Muslims on US television. If a TV Adrama or Hollywood film represented an Arab or Muslim as a terror- ist, then the story line usually included a “positive” representation of an Arab or Muslim to offset the negative depiction. Dozens of TV dramas portrayed Arab and Muslim Americans as the unjust target of hate crimes or as patriotic US citizens. President George W. Bush was sure to distinguish between Arab and Muslim “friends” and “enemies,” stating “the enemy of America is not our many Muslim friends; it is not our many Arab friends. Our enemy is a radical network of terrorists, and every government that supports them.”1 News reporters interviewed Arab and Muslim Americans, seemingly eager to include their perspectives on the terrorist attacks, careful to point out their experiences with hate crimes. Yet at the same time that sympathetic portrayals of Arab and Muslim Americans proliferated on US commercial television in the weeks, months, and years after 9/11, hate crimes, workplace discrimination, bias incidents, and airline discrimination targeting Arab and Muslim Americans increased exponentially. -
Transnational Media Events
TRANSNATIONAL MEDIATRANSNATIONAL EVENTS In September 2005, a newspaper in Denmark published 12 cartoons depicting Mohammed, the holy Prophet of Islam. Soon after publication, these pictures became part of various events, political projects and diplomatic action. All over the world, the cartoons – or interpretations of them – were connected to dis- cursive struggles that pre-existed their drawing and publication. The cartoon event thus extended well beyond its immediate dramatic phase of spring 2006, both into the past and the future, and became at least a small landmark case of post-9/11 global media history. TRANSNATIONAL MEDIA EVENTS In this book, a community of international media researchers collects some of the lessons learned and questions provoked and offered by media coverage of The MOHAMMED CARTOONS and the the Mohammed cartoons in 16 countries, ranging from Denmark, Egypt and Argentina to Pakistan and Canada. The book looks at the coverage of the car- IMAGINED CLASH of CIVILIZATIONS toons and related incidents through a number of conceptual lenses: political spin, free speech theory, communication rights, the role of visuals and images in global communication, Orientalism and its counter-discourses, media’s rela- tions to immigration policy, and issues of integration. Through this approach, the book aims at a nuanced understanding of the cartoon controversy itself as well as at more general insights into the role of the media in contemporary transnational and transcultural relations. Elisabeth Eide, Risto Kunelius & Angela Phillips -
Religion–State Relations
Religion–State Relations International IDEA Constitution-Building Primer 8 Religion–State Relations International IDEA Constitution-Building Primer 8 Dawood Ahmed © 2017 International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA) Second edition First published in 2014 by International IDEA International IDEA publications are independent of specific national or political interests. Views expressed in this publication do not necessarily represent the views of International IDEA, its Board or its Council members. The electronic version of this publication is available under a Creative Commons Attribute-NonCommercial- ShareAlike 3.0 (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0) licence. You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the publication as well as to remix and adapt it, provided it is only for non-commercial purposes, that you appropriately attribute the publication, and that you distribute it under an identical licence. For more information on this licence visit the Creative Commons website: <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/> International IDEA Strömsborg SE–103 34 Stockholm Sweden Telephone: +46 8 698 37 00 Email: [email protected] Website: <http://www.idea.int> Cover design: International IDEA Cover illustration: © 123RF, <http://www.123rf.com> Produced using Booktype: <https://booktype.pro> ISBN: 978-91-7671-113-2 Contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 3 Advantages and risks ............................................................................................... -
Report on Exploratory Study Into Honor Violence Measurement Methods
The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice and prepared the following final report: Document Title: Report on Exploratory Study into Honor Violence Measurement Methods Author(s): Cynthia Helba, Ph.D., Matthew Bernstein, Mariel Leonard, Erin Bauer Document No.: 248879 Date Received: May 2015 Award Number: N/A This report has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this federally funded grant report available electronically. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Report on Exploratory Study into Honor Violence Measurement Methods Authors Cynthia Helba, Ph.D. Matthew Bernstein Mariel Leonard Erin Bauer November 26, 2014 U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics Prepared by: 810 Seventh Street, NW Westat Washington, DC 20531 An Employee-Owned Research Corporation® 1600 Research Boulevard Rockville, Maryland 20850-3129 (301) 251-1500 This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Table of Contents Chapter Page 1 Introduction and Overview ............................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Summary of Findings ........................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Defining Honor Violence .................................................................... 1-2 1.3 Demographics of Honor Violence Victims ...................................... 1-5 1.4 Future of Honor Violence ................................................................... 1-6 2 Review of the Literature ................................................................................... -
Afghanistan: the Situation of Christian Converts
+*-/ !"#)$./) # .$/0/$*)*!#-$./$)*)1 -/. 7 April 2021 © Landinfo 2021 The material in this report is covered by copyright law. Any reproduction or publication of this report or any extract thereof other than as permitted by current Norwegian copyright law requires the explicit written consent of Landinfo. For information on all of the reports published by Landinfo, please contact: Landinfo Country of Origin Information Centre Storgata 33 A P.O. Box 2098 Vika NO-0125 Oslo Tel.: (+47) 23 30 94 70 Ema il: [email protected] www.landinfo.no *0/ )$)!*ҁ. - +*-/. The Norwegian Country of Origin Information Centre, Landinfo, is an independent body within the Norwegian Immigration Authorities. Landinfo provides country of origin information (COI) to the Norwegian Directorate of Immigration (Utlendingsdirektoratet – UDI), the Immigration Appeals Board (Utlendingsnemnda – UNE) and the Norwegian Ministry of Justice and Public Security. Reports produced by Landinfo are based on information from carefully selected sources. The informa tion is collected a nd analysed in accordance with common methodology for processing COI and Landinfo’s internal guidelines on source and information analysis. To ensure balanced reports, efforts are made to obtain information from a wide range of sources. Many of our reports draw on findings and interviews conducted on fact-finding missions. All sources used are referenced. Sources hesitant to provide information to be cited in a public report have retained anonymity. The reports do not provide exhaustive overviews of topics or themes but cover aspects relevant for the processing of asylum and residency cases. Country of Origin Information presented in Landinfo’s reports does not contain policy recommendations nor does it reflect official Norwegian views. -
Charged with Beheading Wife, NY Man to Claim Abuse
Format Dynamics :: CleanPrint :: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/40978985/ns/us_news/# Page 1 of 3 advertisement > Charged with beheading wife, NY man to claim abuse While behind bars, Hassan, 45, has been laying the groundwork for a battered-spouse defense, reaching out to reporters and others to say he acted in self-defense after suffering years of physical and emotional trauma. The claims would be part of the defense case, Hassan's attorney, Jeremy Schwartz, said Friday. Jury selection is scheduled to begin Monday. Experts predicted the strategy would be a HO / AP FILE - This undated file photo provided by Bridges TV shows Muzzammil Hassan and his wife Aasiya Zubair Hassan of Orchard Park, N.Y., at the the Muslim-oriented television the couple ran. tough sell. Hassan's wife was smaller than him Jury selection in the second-degree murder trial of Muzzammil Hassan, accused of beheading Aasiya Zubair Hassan in 2009 after she filed for a divorce, is set to begin Monday, Jan. 10, 2011 in Erie County Court in Buffalo, N.Y. (AP Photo/Bridges TV, File) NO SALES and had alleged years of abuse by her husband in a divorce affidavit signed six days By CAROLYN THOMPSON before she died. "The nature of the homicide demonstrates such rage and anger toward his wife that it will updated 1/8/2011 3:13:16 PM ET advertisement ORCHARD PARK, N.Y.— It has been nearly two years since Muzzammil Hassan directed police officers in this serene Buffalo suburb to the decapitated remains of his estranged wife inside the Muslim-oriented television station the couple ran. -
— Upcoming Events —
MONTH IN REVIEW so they set up a Republic to protect individual liberties from the passions of the majority at the moment. They worried about the “Jehoshaphat king of Judah returned to his home in Jerusalem excesses of democracy. in peace. Then Jehu son of Hanani the seer went out to confront “James Madison, the primary Framer of the U.S. Constitu- him and said to King Jehoshaphat, ‘Do you help the wicked and tion, noted: ‘Democracies have been spectacles of turbulence and love those who hate the LORD? Because of this, the LORD’s conflict.’ His views were shared by the other Founders. That is wrath is on you. However, some good is found in you, for you why the U.S. Constitution was designed to restrict a democratic have removed the Asherah poles from the land and have decided majority from limiting freedom of speech, press, religion and so to seek God.’ forth. “Jehoshaphat lived in Jerusalem, and once again he went out “The Constitution is a document of liberty, not of democ- among the people from Beer-sheba to the hill country of Ephraim racy. and brought them back to the LORD God of their ancestors. He “The Bush administration has placed itself in a difficult po- appointed judges in all the fortified cities of the land of Judah, sition by advocating democracy rather than liberty as its global city by city. Then he said to the judges, ‘Consider what you are mission. The democratic elections in Iraq and Palestine may well doing, for you do not judge for man, but for the LORD, who is result in subjugation of women, containment of basic freedoms of with you in the matter of judgment. -
Exploring Honour and Shame for South Asian British Muslim Men and Women
EXPLORING HONOUR AND SHAME FOR SOUTH ASIAN BRITISH MUSLIM MEN AND WOMEN A thesis submitted to The University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Humanities 2017 NASREEN MANSOOR School of Environment, Education and Development LIST OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES 9 LIST OF TABLES 9 LIST OF GLOSSARY 11 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 13 ABSTRACT 14 DECLARATION 15 COPYRIGHT STATEMENT 16 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 17 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Chapter Overview 18 1.2 Researcher’s Personal Experience of Honour and Shame 18 1.3 Researcher’s Professional Experience of Working with Honour and 21 Shame Issues 1.4 Researcher’s Academic Interest in Honour and Shame 22 1.5 Reasons for the South Asian Diaspora Selection 22 1.6 Setting the Study into Context Nationally and Internationally 24 1.7 Honour and Shame as a Worldwide Issue 24 1.8 Honour Based Crimes and Killings 26 1.9 Honour and Shame as a UK Issue 27 1.10 Precis of Honour and Shame 29 1.11 Research Process 29 1.12 Research Questions, Aims and Objectives 32 1.13 Researcher Insider/Outsider Positionality and Reflexivity 32 1.14 Reflexivity 40 1.15 Summary 41 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Chapter Overview 42 2 2.2 Literature Review Aim 42 2.3 Literature Review Process 42 2.4 Honour 45 2.4.1 The Definition of Honour 45 2.4.2 Islam and Honour 46 2.4.3 South Asian Culture and Honour 47 2.4.4 Gender and Honour 48 2.4.5 Individual Honour 51 2.4.6 Collective Honour 52 2.4.7 Internal Honour 54 2.4.8 External Honour 54 2.5 Shame 55 2.5.1 The Definition of Shame 55 2.5.2 Islam and Shame -
Andrea Reed's Thesis
MUHAMMAD AS REPRESENTATIVE FORM: A VISUAL RHETORICAL ANALYSIS OF THE DANISH CARTOON CONTROVERSY By ANDREA REED A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of Communication May 2009 Winston-Salem, North Carolina Approved By: Alessandra Beasley Von Burg, Ph.D., Advisor _________________________________ Examinating Committee: Margaret D. Zulick, Ph.D. ___________________________________ Peter Furia, Ph.D. ___________________________________ ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Alessandra Beasley Von Burg for her indispensible guidance with this project. This thesis would not have been possible without her expertise in the area of rhetoric and on topics related to European affairs, not to mention her patience. I sincerely thank Dr. Margaret Zulick and Dr. Peter Furia for graciously agreeing to sit on my panel and reflect upon my thesis. I also must thank Dr. Allan Louden and Dr. Ananda Mitra who both served as Director of the graduate program during my time at Wake Forest. I would also like to thank my other professors who have been great teachers and inspirational thinkers, Dr. Michael Hyde, Dr. Steve Giles, and Dr. Peter Brunette and the rest of the Department of Communication. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES ……………..…………………………………………………... iv ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………………………. v INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………….... 1 CHAPTER 1 ………………………………………………………………………..... 4 Review of the Literature ……………………………………………………... 5 Visual Rhetoric as Ideographs: the Representative Form ………………….. 15 Rhetoric and Social Controversy ………………………………………….... 19 Methodology ………………………………………………………………... 23 CHAPTER 2 ………………………………………………………………………... 27 The Muhammad Cartoons as Visual Ideographs ………………………….... 29 The Re-Appropriation of the Prophet Muhammad………………………….. 42 CHAPTER 3 ……………………………………………………………………….. -
When Caricature Meets Resistance
Chapter 9 When Caricature Meets Resistance Eva Beate Strømsted Self-censorship? Yes. There wasn’t much of it before, but today it [the satire] is drenched in self-censorship. I feel it affects almost everything I draw now. Earlier I just made a drawing with my opinion, and it got published. But now I think: ‘Okay, if I make it this way, it will not get published.’ Eventually I make a drawing that will be accepted (Cartoonist 3). According to Freedberg (1991), humans have always worshiped and feared images, giving pictures powerful and magical influence, ruining and censoring them. With regards to the art of cartoons, its aesthetics have been seen as a strong political weapon. It is especially within the last decade’s dramatic developments that the thoughts of the Norwegian cartoonist in the above quote must be located. In Paris 7 January 2015, two Islamists, Saïd and Chérif Kouachi, connected to Al-Qaida’s branch in Yemen, forced their way into the office of the French satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo. Armed with assault rifles and other weapons, they killed 12 people and injured 11 others, all because of Charlie Hebdo’s drawings of Muhammad (Samuelsen 2015). However, the magazine has always published cartoons insulting whomever, often in a completely disrespectful manner, and the assassinations at Charlie Hebdo must be seen as an extension of the cartoon controversy that started ten years earlier. In 2005, Flemming Rose, the culture editor of the Danish newspaper, Jyllands- Posten, wanted to contribute to the debate about criticism of Islam and self-censorship among European artists. -
En Rammeanalyse Av Karikatursaken I Norge
En rammeanalyse av karikatursaken i Norge Freweini Katerina Weldeghebriel Masteroppgave i religionshistorie | Institutt for kulturstudier og orientalske språk | Universitetet i Oslo | høsten 2008 Forord Tusen takk til min veileder Torkel Brekke, for god veileding og for å ha trodd på oppgaven min. Jeg vil også takke min biveileder Oddbjørn Leirvik for gode råd. En stor takk til Vebjørn Selbekk, Per Edgar Kokkvold, Raymond Johansen, Shoaib Sultan, Vebjørn Horsfjord og Basim Ghozlan, som villig stilte opp til intervju. Takk til de vitenskapelige ansatte på religionshistorie, hvis dører det bare er å banke på. Jeg vil også takke Njål Høstmælingen for god tilbakemelding på mine forespørsler. Gjennom mitt siste år som masterstudent, har jeg vært så heldig å være tilknyttet forskningsprogrammet ”Kulturell kompleksitet i det nye Norge” (Culcom). Tusen takk for faglig, sosial og økonomisk støtte. Tusen takk til Fredrikke Horn-Hanssen for all hjelp og et godt vennskap. En stor takk rettes også til Cecilie Ødegård og Asla Maria Bø, for gjennomlesning og korrekturlesning. Jeg vil også takke medstudenter på religionshistorie, og spesielt Therese Bogstad for gode og hjelpsomme samtaler. Takk til Baby Johannessen for gode samtaler. Tusen takk til Henrik, for all din støtte, oppmuntring og tålmodighet. Til slutt vil jeg takke min mor, min aller beste støttespiller! ii Innhold Forord........................................................................................................................................ii Innhold .....................................................................................................................................iii