11Διεθνεσ Κρητολογικο Συνεδριο International
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Ellen Adams o th Representing the anthropomorphic form in the Minoan world Although the legendary figure of King Minos has cast a long shadow over Cre - tan studies, the concept of Minoan personal identity has received surprisingly lit - tle attention. I propose to redress this situation by reviewing questions of iden - 1ΔΙΕΘ1 ΝΕΣ tity and difference through a variety of evidence, ranging from frescoes to bur - ΚΡΗΤΟΛΟΓΙΚΟ ial practices and from seals to figurines. In recent years, wider social theory has ΣΥΝΕΔΡΙΟ been tackling the slippery notions of personhood and the body; building upon this, I aim to re-analyze how people are represented through art and burial and INTERNATIONAL also in association with artefacts in Late Bronze Age Knossos, ‘capital of Crete’. CRETOLOGICAL Particular facets of Minoan identity, notably gender, have previously been ex - CONGRESS plored, and scholars have sought the ‘missing ruler’ –the dominant male sover - eign– with limited success. I shall investigate how relationships between people are depicted in different media, such as the formation and representation of in - dividual versus group identities. Phenomenological studies have permeated land - scape archaeology, but they have been criticized for their inability to integrate the individual into his/her surroundings. An examination of the represented “one” and the “many” will explicitly address this problem. For example, both key indi - viduals and crowd scenes are depicted in the frescoes, representing idealized sin - gle persons/elite few and the social body. I shall focus on Knossian figured iconography (frescoes and sealings), figurines and burials, charting the changes between the Neopalatial and Final Palatial pe - riods. Some of this material is fragmentary –both fragments of originals, and re - constructed fragments of archaeologists’ imaginations– but there remains an ap - propriate range. I will analyze the two-way, dynamic relationships between au - dience and media, viewer and viewed, or agent and experienced, incorporating these various immobile and mobile, two- and three-dimensional sources. My ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΕΙΣ methodology will highlight the correlations and tensions between these patterns ΕΙΣΗΓΗΣΕΩΝ of data, which will best reveal the myriad facets of identity. Points of comparison in the database include: date, context, material/medi - abstracts um, absolute size (miniature or life-sized), relative size (scale), overlapping or free- standing figures, patterns in compositions of figures, background, dress, gesture, pose and attributes. In addition, how do representations of anthropomorphic fig - ures accord with mortuary practices? Is the treatment of the body in death a rep - resentation for the living? Regarding change through time, there is a shift from relatively invisible Neopalatial burial practices to major investment in this sphere, while fewer figured seals date to the Final Palatial period. Does this in - a1 dicate changes in personal identity and, if so, what? 1 Maria Emanuela Alberti o th Vessels in cooking fabric from Petras House I (LM IA) The focus of the present work are the vessels in cooking fabrics from Petras House I, dating to LM IA. At the moment, a general and systematic study of Minoan cook - ing ware is still missing. However, since many contributions on the evidence from 1ΔΙΕΘ1 ΝΕΣ various sites are available, the main technical, typological and functional char - ΚΡΗΤΟΛΟΓΙΚΟ acteristics of the class have been investigated, as well as major chronological and ΣΥΝΕΔΡΙΟ geographical distribution patterns. As for Petras in particular, the study of the ves - sels in cooking fabric from another Neopalatial structure, House II (LM IB), al - INTERNATIONAL ready completed, allowed a development of the established typology and some CRETOLOGICAL observations on chronological and regional factors. The analysis is now extend - CONGRESS ed to the assemblage from House I (LM IA) where the percentage of various types of cooking pot is different and where various kinds of trays and “trapezes” (prob - ably to be identified as pithos lids and/or drain-heads) are particularly abundant. Lucia Alberti Continuità e discontinuità nell’architettura funeraria di Cnosso fra Medio e Tardo Minoico Uno dei temi più controversi dell’archeologia egea è certamente la supposta presenza “micenea” a Cnosso nella fase successiva alle distruzioni del TM IB. La presunta di - scontinuità nell’ambito dei costumi funerari di Cnosso e dell’area immediatamente circostante nel TM II-IIIA1 è una delle argomentazioni spesso citate a favore di tale presenza continentale. In questa fase, infatti, nuovi tipi di tombe – monocamera, a fossa e a pozzo – con nuovi corredi caratterizzati da armi e vasi in bronzo sembra - ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΕΙΣ no apparire all’improvviso. Tali tipologie funerarie sono state positivamente messe ΕΙΣΗΓΗΣΕΩΝ a confronto con tombe continentali cronologicamente precedenti o contemporanee, ma la loro interpretazione come tombe di personaggi provenienti dal continente ri - abstracts sulta ancora oggi molto controversa e uno dei punti “sensibili” dell’archeologia egea. Uno degli aspetti non ancora del tutto approfondito e sul quale permangono una serie di incertezze è la presunta continuità o discontinuità delle tipologie architet - toniche in discussione. In queste sede verranno analizzate in particolare la tipolo - gia della tomba a tholos e quella della tomba a camera. È possibile parlare di continuità, anche solo ideale, fra le tholoi MM e quelle che compaiono a partire dal TM II? E per ciò che concerne la tomba a camera, quali sono gli elementi comuni e le differenze fra le tombe a camera MM-TM I e quelle che com - a1 paiono dal TM II in poi nell’area di Cnosso? In che misura tali tipologie architetto - niche possono essere considerate delle vere novità al momento della loro diffusio - ne nell’area intorno al Palazzo? 11 Eva Alram-Stern o th The network of the Kampos Group: Crete in context The Kampos Group is an Aegean cultural phenomenon dating to the end of Ear - ly Cycladic I. In its distribution and homogeneity it is a forerunner to the Early Bronze II cultural groups of the Aegean koine. However, its character differs con - 1ΔΙΕΘ1 ΝΕΣ siderably from this of the succeeding period by the emergence of culturally ho - ΚΡΗΤΟΛΟΓΙΚΟ mogenous coastal settlements around the Aegean Sea. This paper intends to high - ΣΥΝΕΔΡΙΟ light their similarities and local traits and to compare them with the well known sites at the Cretan north coast. INTERNATIONAL CRETOLOGICAL CONGRESS Tomas Alusik Rural aspects of Minoan Crete This paper will focus on the research of rural aspects of Minoan Crete, which were considered to be marginal since the beginning of last century. Since the first sys - tematic excavations in Crete, Minoan civilization has been interpreted mostly as a palatial civilization whose basic centres were large architectonic complexes with inner courtyard labeled “palaces” and similar, and smaller buildings labeled “vil - las”. These edifices had administrative, economic and religious functions. The re - search of such structures is still in progress and, especially on the basis of its re - sults, Minoan Crete is presented as a well-developed palatial civilization with a dense network of palaces and villas. Much less attention has been paid to other, less attractive or “minor” features of Minoan civilization, and the possible con - tribution of small rural sites to the better knowledge of Minoan Crete was rather underestimated. ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΕΙΣ Therefore, my attention will be centred on small rural or rustic sites, which ΕΙΣΗΓΗΣΕΩΝ formed the important economic hinterland of large settlements or palatial/villa centres. Since the World War II, up to several thousands of all kinds of prehistoric abstracts sites –including the numerous group of small rural sites characterized mostly by remains of one or several buildings and terrace walls– were discovered during sur - face survey projects. However, only a few of the sites in question were more close - ly described or surveyed. Only recently similar sites have been investigated in three regions. [SENSE? Moreover, in most cases [the] sites with a single building have been examined and only several/a few? of them have been excavated] What do you mean?. In this paper I will present several examples of such sites and, especially, try a1 to understand their particular functions and place within the settlement hierar - chy and pattern. Chronology, architectural typology (including topography) and social aspects belong, also, to the key points of this paper. Finally, the overall con - 1 text of the sites in question and their relations to large settlements and palatial cen - o tres should be cleared up. th Several appropriate model micro-regions will be designated within Crete (based on topography, number of sites and publications) and will be processed by detailed multistage analysis –including GIS studies and 3D-software reconstructions– in several different ways. A general picture and the contexts of Minoan rural sites in larger geographical units, even on the whole island, can be deduced eventual - 1ΔΙΕΘ1 ΝΕΣ ly, based on the results of these analyses. ΚΡΗΤΟΛΟΓΙΚΟ ΣΥΝΕΔΡΙΟ Maria Anastasiadou INTERNATIONAL CRETOLOGICAL Seals with centred-circles in the Aegean Bronze Age CONGRESS The paper presents a group of seals which, on account of their very similar shape, material, cutting technique and iconography, are seen as the product of one ‘work - shop’. Characteristic of these seals are round seal faces, the