DOCSLIB.ORG

GULIZIO-DISSERTATION.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
GULIZIO-DISSERTATION.Pdf Copyright by Joann Gulizio 2011 The Dissertation Committee for Joann Gulizio Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Mycenaean Religion at Knossos Committee: Cynthia W. Shelmerdine, Co-Supervisor Thomas G. Palaima, Co-Supervisor Sara Kimball Paula Perlman Kim Shelton Mycenaean Religion at Knossos by Joann Gulizio, B.A.; B.A.; M.A. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin August 2011 Dedication For Joan Keinigstein, my role model and guardian angel, whose late night conversations with me on all things religious first sparked my interest in the discipline Acknowledgements It is difficult to find the right words to express my sincerest gratitude to all of the people who have helped me over the years through the process of researching and writing this dissertation. First and foremost, I would like to thank my advisor and mentor, Cynthia Shelmerdine, whose constant support and guidance, combined with her critical analysis and methodical yet construction criticism of my research, has made me a better scholar; Tom Palaima, my co-advisor, who first taught me Linear B and reinvigorated my interest in Mycenaean religion via the textual evidence; Sara Kimball, whose expertise in Near Eastern cultures has offered a unique perspective and valuable external comparanda; Paula Perlman, for her insightful and thought-provoking comments and her indispensable knowledge of post-Bronze Age Crete; Kim Shelton, for sharing her extensive understanding of Mycenaean religious beliefs and practices. I would also like to extend my gratitude to many fellow UT graduate students: Tim Stover and Amy Dill, for seeing me through the bad times and being the source of so many good times; my good friends, Dimitri Nakassi and Sarah James, who have so often helped me both academically and personally over the years; Amanda Krauss and Jess Miner, my non-Bronze Age friends, who (despite this initial shortcoming) have been a constant source of support and encouragement. And thanks to all the PASPians for creating a unique environment for the study of the Bronze Age among a vibrant and intellectual group of young scholars. In particular, I would like to offer a special thanks to Susan Lupack, Stephie Nikoloudis, Nicole Hirschfeld, Alicia Carter and Peter van Alfen. v Lastly, I would like to thank the many members of my family for their love and support. In particular, thanks to my father, James Gulizio, whose genuine interest in my academic development has gotten me to this place; to my mother, Barbara Gulizio, whose emotional support and unconditional love have been the greatest comfort to me; to my siblings, Barbara Furman, Jimmy Gulizio and Marilyn Simone, who have always been there for me whenever I needed them; to my cousin and best friend Christie Keinigstein, who has the unique ability to turn my tears into laughter. And finally, I would like to thank my husband, Kevin Pluta – the greatest joy of all for me is that we got to do all of this together. vi Mycenaean Religion at Knossos Joann Gulizio, Ph.D. The University of Texas at Austin, 2011 Co-Supervisor: Cynthia W. Shelmerdine Co-Supervisor: Thomas G. Palaima This dissertation examines the archaeological and textual evidence for religion at the site of Knossos during the Mycenaean phases of administration (LM II-LM IIIB1). Several methodological issues in the nature of the evidence are addressed. The Linear B documents, due to their economic nature, offer limited information about religion. Moreover, the tablets from Knossos belong to at least two different phases of administration. The archaeological evidence for the different phases of cult use is often difficult to assess given the continued use of the palace over an extended period of time. To address these issues, the evidence from Knossos is divided into two temporal phases so that the textual evidence can be closely examined alongside its contemporary archaeological evidence for cult. This process has allowed for a more accurate view of the religion at Knossos in the Late Bronze Age. An evolution in the religious beliefs and practices are evident in the material culture. The presence of Indo-European divinities into the Knossian pantheon by the newly-installed Greek-speaking elite population is apparent from the outset, while previous Minoan style shrines continue to be used. In the later phase, numerous Minoan vii divinities are included in ritual offerings, while some Greek divinities are now given local epithets. Also at this time, Minoan shrine types gradually go out of use, whereas bench sanctuaries (a shrine type common to both Minoans and Mycenaeans) become the norm. The overall nature of Mycenaean religious assemblages at Knossos represents a unique blend of both Minoan and Mycenaean religious beliefs and practices. viii Table of Contents List of Tables ....................................................................................................... xiii List of Figures ........................................................................................................xv Chapter 1: Methodology .........................................................................................1 I. The Nature of the Problem .....................................................................1 A. Defining „Religion‟ .......................................................................2 B. Circularity in the Study of Ancient Religion ................................4 C. Minoan vs. Mycenaean Religion ..................................................7 D. Mycenaean vs. Greek Religion ...................................................11 E. The Nature of the Evidence ........................................................13 II. Methodology for Reconstructing Religion ..........................................17 III. Approach to Reconstructing Mycenaean Religion at Knossos ............24 A. Regional Approach .....................................................................25 B. Temporal Approach ....................................................................27 C. Evidentiary Approach .................................................................29 D. Combining Approaches ..............................................................31 Chapter 2: Overview of Minoan and Mycenaean Religions .................................32 I. Introduction ..........................................................................................32 II. Minoan Religion ..................................................................................33 A. Cult Symbols ...............................................................................34 1. Horns of Consecration .......................................................35 2. Double Axes.......................................................................37 3. Anthropomorphic Cult Figures ..........................................39 4. Animals ..............................................................................41 B. Cult Installations and Equipment ................................................44 C. Cult Locales ................................................................................47 1. Pillar Crypts .......................................................................47 2. Lustral Basins.....................................................................51 ix 3. Tripartite Shrines ...............................................................55 4. Bench Sanctuaries ..............................................................61 D. Summary of Minoan Religion ....................................................64 III. Mycenaean Religion ............................................................................66 A. Cult Symbols ...............................................................................67 1. Figurines ............................................................................67 2. Figures................................................................................69 B. Cult Installations and Equipment ................................................71 C. Cult Locales ................................................................................73 1. The Cult Center at Mycenae ..............................................73 2. Methana..............................................................................84 3. Room 93 at Pylos ...............................................................90 4. Room XXXII in House G at Asine ....................................91 5. Shrines from the Unterburg at Tiryns ................................92 D. Summary of Mycenaean Religion ..............................................95 Chapter 3: The Date of the Knossos Tablets ........................................................97 I. Introduction ..........................................................................................97 II. The Debate Concerning the Date of the Knossos Tablets ...................99 III. Approach to Interpreting the Knossos Tablet Evidence ....................108 Chapter 4: Evidence for Religion at Knossos in Phase I (LM II – beginning of LM IIIA1) ..........................................................................................................112 I. Introduction ........................................................................................112 II. Textual Evidence ...............................................................................112
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mindaugas STROCKIS a NEW INTERPRETATION of THE
    BALTISTICA VII PRIEDAS 2011 243–253 Mindaugas STROCKIS Vilnius University A NEW INTERPRETATION OF THE SYLLABLE TONES IN DORIC GREEK A thorough understanding of ancient Greek accentuation, especially of the nature of the Greek syllable tones, can contribute to our knowledge of the accentuation of other Indo-European languages, among them the Baltic languages, at least by furnishing some useful typological examples. We possess a fairly good knowledge of ancient Greek accentuation, but most of it is confined to the classical form of Greek, that is, Attic. The accentuation of the Doric dialect is scantily attested, and its relationship to the Attic is not quite clear. The amount of evidence that we have about Doric accentuation is just such as to make the problem interesting: not enough for obvious and decisive conclusions, but neither so little that one must abandon any attempt at interpretation altogether. The evidence about the accentuation of literary Doric that was gathered by classical scholarship from the papyri of Alcman, Pindar, and Theocritus, as well as from the descriptions of ancient grammarians, was summarised by Ahrens in 1843, and little, if any, new information was added since that time. Ahrens’ data can be summarised as follows: Acute in the last syllable where Attic has non-final accentuation: Doric φρᾱτήρ : Attic φρᾱ́τηρ. Acute in the names in -ᾱν (< -ᾱων), instead of Attic circumflex: Doric Ποτιδᾱ́ν : Attic Ποσειδῶν (< -δᾱ́ων); Ἀλκμᾱ́ν. Acute in monosyllabic nouns, where Attic has circumflex: Doric σκώρ : Attic σκῶρ, Doric γλαύξ : Attic γλαῦξ. No ‘short diphthongs’; all final -αι and -οι are ‘long’: nom. pl.
    [Show full text]
  • Minoan Religion
    MINOAN RELIGION Ritual, Image, and Symbol NANNO MARINATOS MINOAN RELIGION STUDIES IN COMPARATIVE RELIGION Frederick M. Denny, Editor The Holy Book in Comparative Perspective Arjuna in the Mahabharata: Edited by Frederick M. Denny and Where Krishna Is, There Is Victory Rodney L. Taylor By Ruth Cecily Katz Dr. Strangegod: Ethics, Wealth, and Salvation: On the Symbolic Meaning of Nuclear Weapons A Study in Buddhist Social Ethics By Ira Chernus Edited by Russell F. Sizemore and Donald K. Swearer Native American Religious Action: A Performance Approach to Religion By Ritual Criticism: Sam Gill Case Studies in Its Practice, Essays on Its Theory By Ronald L. Grimes The Confucian Way of Contemplation: Okada Takehiko and the Tradition of The Dragons of Tiananmen: Quiet-Sitting Beijing as a Sacred City By By Rodney L. Taylor Jeffrey F. Meyer Human Rights and the Conflict of Cultures: The Other Sides of Paradise: Western and Islamic Perspectives Explorations into the Religious Meanings on Religious Liberty of Domestic Space in Islam By David Little, John Kelsay, By Juan Eduardo Campo and Abdulaziz A. Sachedina Sacred Masks: Deceptions and Revelations By Henry Pernet The Munshidin of Egypt: Their World and Their Song The Third Disestablishment: By Earle H. Waugh Regional Difference in Religion and Personal Autonomy 77u' Buddhist Revival in Sri Lanka: By Phillip E. Hammond Religious Tradition, Reinterpretation and Response Minoan Religion: Ritual, Image, and Symbol By By George D. Bond Nanno Marinatos A History of the Jews of Arabia: From Ancient Times to Their Eclipse Under Islam By Gordon Darnell Newby MINOAN RELIGION Ritual, Image, and Symbol NANNO MARINATOS University of South Carolina Press Copyright © 1993 University of South Carolina Published in Columbia, South Carolina, by the University of South Carolina Press Manufactured in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Marinatos, Nanno.
    [Show full text]
  • The Silent Race Author(S): Standish O'grady Source: the Irish Review (Dublin), Vol
    Irish Review (Dublin) The Silent Race Author(s): Standish O'Grady Source: The Irish Review (Dublin), Vol. 1, No. 7 (Sep., 1911), pp. 313-321 Published by: Irish Review (Dublin) Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/30062738 . Accessed: 14/06/2014 05:40 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Irish Review (Dublin) is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Irish Review (Dublin). http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 185.44.77.128 on Sat, 14 Jun 2014 05:40:03 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions THE IRISH REVIEW 4 C~MIONTHLY MIAGAZINE OF IRISH LITERATURE, e4RT & SCIENCE SEPTEMBER 911 The Silent Race By STANDISH O' uRADY WHEN Byron was brooding over the possibility of an insurgent and re-surgent Greece, he thought especially of the Dorians, whether any true Dorian blood still ran there to answer the call of the captains, and thought there did. " On Suli's steep and Parga's shore Exists the remnant of a line Such as the Doric mothers bore: And here perhaps some seed is sown The Heracleidan blood might own." "Heracleidan," for the Doric-Spartan Chiefs claimed descent from Heracles.
    [Show full text]
  • Mycenaean Seminar List
    THE MYCENAEAN SEMINAR 1954–2017 Olga Krzyszkowska and Andrew Shapland This list gives titles of individual seminars (and related events) with links and references to their publication in BICS. Initially discussions and some summaries were printed in the Seminar minutes, which were privately circulated (only from 21st January 1959 were minutes headed ‘Mycenaean Seminar’). The first published summaries appeared in BICS 13 (1966), soon superseding the minutes. Some seminars/public lectures were published as full-length articles (page references to these are given in bold). Summaries were usually, but not always, published in the subsequent year’s BICS and some never appeared at all. However, from 1993–94 onwards summaries of all Seminars and virtually all public lectures relating to Aegean prehistory held at the Institute were published in BICS. The summaries for 2014–15 were the last to appear in the print edition of BICS, which has now become thematic. The summaries for 2015–16 and 2016–17 are published in an online supplement to BICS available at the Humanities Digital Library. 1953–1954 The first meeting was on 27 January 1954, and there were four subsequent meetings that academic year. Minutes were kept from the second meeting onwards. 1954–55 Papers were given by J. Chadwick, P. B. S. Andrews, R. D. Barnett, O. Gurney, F. Stubbings, L. R. Palmer, T. B. L. Webster and M. Ventris. 1955–56 M. Ventris ‘Pylos Ta series’ S. Piggott ‘Mycenaeans and the West’ R. A. Higgins ‘Archaeological basis for the Ta tablets’ (BICS 3: 39–44) G. L. Huxley ‘Mycenaean history and the Homeric Catalogue of Ships’ (BICS 3: 19–30) M.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Anatolian Origin of Ancient Greek Σίδη
    GRAECO-LATINA BRUNENSIA 19, 2014, 2 KRZYSZTOF TOMASZ WITCZAK (UNIVERSITY OF ŁÓDŹ) MAŁGORZATA ZADKA (UNIVERSITY OF WROCŁAW) ON THE ANATOLIAN ORIGIN OF ANCIENT GREEK ΣΊΔΗ The comparison of Greek words for ‘pomegranate, Punica granatum L.’ (Gk. σίδᾱ, σίδη, σίβδᾱ, σίβδη, ξίμβᾱ f.) with Hittite GIŠšaddu(wa)- ‘a kind of fruit-tree’ indi- cates a possible borrowing of the Greek forms from an Anatolian source. Key words: Greek botanical terminology, pomegranate, borrowings, Anatolian languages. In this article we want to continue the analysis initiated in our article An- cient Greek σίδη as a Borrowing from a Pre-Greek Substratum (WITCZAK – ZADKA 2014: 113–126). The Greek word σίδη f. ‘pomegranate’ is attested in many dialectal forms, which differ a lot from each other what cause some difficulties in determining the possible origin of σίδη. The phonetic struc- ture of the word without a doubt is not of Hellenic origin and it is rather a loan word. It also seems to be related to some Anatolian forms, but this similarity corresponds to a lack of the exact attested words for ‘pomegran- ate’ in Anatolian languages. 1. A Semitic hypothesis No Semitic explanation of Gk. σίδη is possible. The Semitic term for ‘pomegranate’, *rimān-, is perfectly attested in Assyrian armânu, Akka- dian lurmu, Hebrew rimmōn, Arabic rummān ‘id.’1, see also Egyptian (NK) 1 A Semitic name appears in the codex Parisinus Graecus 2419 (26, 18): ποϊρουμάν · ἡ ῥοιά ‘pomegranate’ (DELATTE 1930: 84) < Arabic rummān ‘id.’. This Byzantine 132 KRZYSZTOF TOMASZ WITCZAK, MAŁGORZATA ZADKA rrm.t ‘a kind of fruit’, Coptic erman, herman ‘pomegranate’ (supposedly from Afro-Asiatic *riman- ‘fruit’, esp.
    [Show full text]
  • Mortuary Variability in Early Iron Age Cretan Burials
    MORTUARY VARIABILITY IN EARLY IRON AGE CRETAN BURIALS Melissa Suzanne Eaby A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Classics. Chapel Hill 2007 Approved by: Donald C. Haggis Carla M. Antonaccio Jodi Magness G. Kenneth Sams Nicola Terrenato UMI Number: 3262626 Copyright 2007 by Eaby, Melissa Suzanne All rights reserved. UMI Microform 3262626 Copyright 2007 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346 © 2007 Melissa Suzanne Eaby ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT MELISSA SUZANNE EABY: Mortuary Variability in Early Iron Age Cretan Burials (Under the direction of Donald C. Haggis) The Early Iron Age (c. 1200-700 B.C.) on Crete is a period of transition, comprising the years after the final collapse of the palatial system in Late Minoan IIIB up to the development of the polis, or city-state, by or during the Archaic period. Over the course of this period, significant changes occurred in settlement patterns, settlement forms, ritual contexts, and most strikingly, in burial practices. Early Iron Age burial practices varied extensively throughout the island, not only from region to region, but also often at a single site; for example, at least 12 distinct tomb types existed on Crete during this time, and both inhumation and cremation were used, as well as single and multiple burial.
    [Show full text]
  • Ancient Greek Architecture
    Greek Art in Sicily Greek ancient temples in Sicily Temple plans Doric order 1. Tympanum, 2. Acroterium, 3. Sima 4. Cornice 5. Mutules 7. Freize 8. Triglyph 9. Metope 10. Regula 11. Gutta 12. Taenia 13. Architrave 14. Capital 15. Abacus 16. Echinus 17. Column 18. Fluting 19. Stylobate Ionic order Ionic order: 1 - entablature, 2 - column, 3 - cornice, 4 - frieze, 5 - architrave or epistyle, 6 - capital (composed of abacus and volutes), 7 - shaft, 8 - base, 9 - stylobate, 10 - krepis. Corinthian order Valley of the Temples • The Valle dei Templi is an archaeological site in Agrigento (ancient Greek Akragas), Sicily, southern Italy. It is one of the most outstanding examples of Greater Greece art and architecture, and is one of the main attractions of Sicily as well as a national momument of Italy. The area was included in the UNESCO Heritage Site list in 1997. Much of the excavation and restoration of the temples was due to the efforts of archaeologist Domenico Antonio Lo Faso Pietrasanta (1783– 1863), who was the Duke of Serradifalco from 1809 through 1812. • The Valley includes remains of seven temples, all in Doric style. The temples are: • Temple of Juno, built in the 5th century BC and burnt in 406 BC by the Carthaginians. It was usually used for the celebration of weddings. • Temple of Concordia, whose name comes from a Latin inscription found nearby, and which was also built in the 5th century BC. Turned into a church in the 6th century AD, it is now one of the best preserved in the Valley.
    [Show full text]
  • 267 a Aburi , 173 Adad, Storm God , 194 Aegean Archaeology , 139
    Index A Androgyny , 35 Aburi , 173 Anemospilia , 254, 255 Adad, storm god , 194 Animacy and hidden persons , 102–103 Aegean archaeology , 139 Animals, Minoan religion , 216–217 Aegean Sea , 198 Animated objects , 91 Agency, by animated nonhuman beings , 89 Animated pottery , 99–101 Agricola, Mikael (Bishop) , 78 Animism , 50, 213–214 Alacahöyük royal tomb , 193 and archaeology , 88–90 Alexander Keiller Museum (Avebury) , to monumentality , 4–8 57, 59 object personhood Altered state of consciousness (ASC) , functional , 93–94 36, 255–256, 259 human relationship , 90–93 Amber Route , 198 object animacy, nature of , 94–97 American Indian traditions , 110, 113 Animistic ontology, at Paquimé , 98 “Beneath World” , 113 Anquandah, James , 26, 28 “This World” of terrestrial surface , 113 Anthropocracy , 209 “Upper World” of sky , 113 Anthropomorphic (cone) fi gurines , 26, 30 American Southwest, shell trumpets in , Anthropomorphic vessel , 212–213 93–94 Antler pins , 17 American Southwestern groups, ethnographic Archaeological paradigms , 89 record of Archaeological record, animism using , object personhood 90–97 functional , 93–94 Archaeology human relationship , 90–93 Aegean , 139 object animacy, nature of , 94–97 and animism , 88–90 Amlash, Iran , 195 Dewil valley , 140–142, 152–153 Amulet , 197 of Koma Land , 26–28 Ancestors , 57 and Paganisms, in Britain , 50–54 fragmentary , 25, 39–42 of sacred journeys , 111–112 fi gurines , 29–39 of spirituality , 72, 73 Koma Land, archaeology of , 26–28 “Archaeology of Pilgrimage” , 111 ritual posture and practices , 38–39 Architectural symbolism , 13–15 Pagan attachments to , 61 Ark of the Covenant , 20 Ancestral ‘Bulsa-type’ population ASC. See Altered state of consciousness (ASC) (Koma Land) , 28 Asherat , 192 Ancestral veneration , 26 Ashleypark, county Tipperary , 9 Ancient Greek world , 134 Astarte , 196 K.
    [Show full text]
  • Fyrom - a Country with a Borrowed
    FYROM - A COUNTRY WITH A BORROWED IDENTITY George C. Papavizas A dispute is going on between Greece and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) on the name "Macedonia," which FYROM is using since 1991 when it broke away from the crumbling state of Yugoslavia. The dispute goes deeper than the use of the name. It is an attempt by FYROM to discredit the ancient Macedonians’ ethnicity, break the connection between present-day Greek Macedonians and the Macedonians of antiquity, and establish a connection between FYROM’s Slavs and Albanians with ancient Macedonia. The historically, linguistically and archaeologically incorrect challenge is that Macedonia was never part of Greece and the Macedonians were barbarians who spoke a language incomprehensible to the other Greeks. It is true that ancient Macedonia was not part of Greece before 338 B.C. It is also true that Athens, Sparta, Corinth, Molossia, Epirus, Aetolia, Akarnania and all the other city-states did not belong to Greece because Greece did not exist as a single, united state. The Hellenic nation before the battle of Chaeronia (338 B.C) existed as hundreds of Hellenic tribes, subtribes and families speaking more than 200 dialects of the Greek language (Templar 2003). King Philip II, a leading statesman in the Greek world, was the first who attempted, by conquest or alliances, to unite the Greek city-states into a single country, Greece. Philip organized the "Greek Community" (to koinon ton Ellenon) in which the Greek states were bound by oath to keep peace among themselves. "He [Philip]brought into being the combination of a newly created Greek state, self-standing and self-governing, and a Macedonian state which was unrivaled in military power" (Hammond, 1997, p.
    [Show full text]
  • Archaeology & History Tours 2021
    Archaeology & History Tours 2021 Fascinating journeys into history, prehistory and the ancient world Welcome... The year 2020 put everyone’s travel plans on hold, so I open this welcome message Wonderful Holidays, with a most heartfelt “thank you” to all of our customers for the loyalty and trust you have given us, from rescheduling your booking to simply sending kind and thoughtful Historic Wonders messages. And a huge thank you also to our brilliant expert tour directors, whose online ‘Armchair Archaeology Tours’ have kept us all engaged in the fascinating world of archaeological Created and led by archaeologists, travel without any of us leaving home. historians and expert guides History is hidden everywhere, underlying the character and identity of places and peoples, and forming the story of humankind, with a universal relevance for us all. This is why archaeological travel is so fascinating and why, at Hidden History, we remain dedicated to providing superb tours exploring the world’s ancient and historic sites. Throughout history, the nature of travel has continually changed, and now more acutely than ever we must all adapt to an evolving future of responsible, safe, worthwhile travel. The past is a foreign country: At Hidden History we are constantly creating new tours and new ways of enjoying them, whilst ensuring we maintain the excellent quality, value for money and personal service they do things differently there we have become known for. The immortal first line to L. P. Hartley’s ‘The Go-Between’ (1953) I hope you will enjoy looking through our 2021 brochure, whether you are itching to get wistfully condenses the nature of history, travel and the away soon or just thinking about the future.
    [Show full text]
  • Becoming Macedonian: Name Mapping and Ethnic Identity. the Case of Hephaistion*
    Karanos 3, 2020 11-37 Becoming Macedonian: Name Mapping and Ethnic Identity. The Case of Hephaistion* by Jeanne Reames University of Nebraska at Omaha [email protected] With the Digital Assistance of Jason Heppler and Cory Starman ABSTRACT An epigraphical survey (with digital mapping component) of Greece and Magna Graecia reveals a pattern as to where Hephais-based names appear, up through the second century BCE. Spelled with an /eta/, these names are almost exclusively Attic-Ionian, while Haphēs-based names, spelled with an alpha, are Doric-Aeolian, and much fewer in number. There is virtually no overlap, except at the Panhellenic site of Delphi, and in a few colonies around the Black Sea. Furthermore, cult for the god Hephaistos –long recognized as a non-Greek borrowing– was popular primarily in Attic-Ionian and “Pelasgian” regions, precisely the same areas where we find Hephais-root names. The only area where Haphēs-based names appear in any quantity, Boeotia, also had an important cult related to the god. Otherwise, Hephaistos was not a terribly important deity in Doric-Aeolian populations. This epigraphic (and religious) record calls into question the assumed Macedonian ethnicity of the king’s best friend and alter-ego, Hephaistion. According to Tataki, Macedonian naming patterns followed distinctively non-Attic patterns, and cult for the god Hephaistos is absent in Macedonia (outside Samothrace). A recently published 4th century curse tablet from Pydna could, however, provide a clue as to why a Macedonian Companion had such a uniquely Attic-Ionian name. If Hephaistion’s ancestry was not, in fact, ethnically Macedonian, this may offer us an interesting insight into fluidity of Macedonian identity under the monarchy, and thereby, to ancient conceptualizations of ethnicity more broadly.
    [Show full text]
  • Macrocosm/Microcosm in Doric Thought 3 Revision
    Macrocosm/Microcosm in Doric Thought 3rd Revision By W. Lindsay Wheeler July 13, 2011 [email protected] HISTORY OF ARTICLE This article was uploaded to FreeLibrary.com on July 13, 2011 in two parts. Sometime around Thanksgiving 2013, the article was deleted from FreeLibrary.com. INTRODUCTION This article is about a very important metaphysical concept, macrocosm/microcosm and its appearance in Doric thought which in turn influenced Socrates and Plato. But since this concept has been gainsaid and negated in recent articles and distorted by some ancient thinkers it will be necessary to conduct reconstructive surgery to restore it to its pristine condition. Hopefully, this paper will illustrate how metaphysics is done with the use of the Mind's eye, in the reading of reality that was part and parcel of the Greek mind but also in understanding the ancient Greeks themselves and their culture especially in the creation of the classical republican form of government. This account will discuss what macrocosm/microcosm is, its part in the Cosmos and hence its centrality in the Natural Law and in philosophy (wisdom). Second, it will prove the concept thru another natural law principle, righteousness. Third, point out it's provenance in Doric thought. In a corollary, it points to what the impact macrocosm/microcosm has on the true meaning "to be a lover of wisdom" and its importance in the concept of theosis. More than a research/academic article, this paper is also an exposition in which it will attempt to demonstrate the use and the mechanics of this principle by using a saying of Homer and the tripartite paradigm of the family.
    [Show full text]