267 a Aburi , 173 Adad, Storm God , 194 Aegean Archaeology , 139
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Index A Androgyny , 35 Aburi , 173 Anemospilia , 254, 255 Adad, storm god , 194 Animacy and hidden persons , 102–103 Aegean archaeology , 139 Animals, Minoan religion , 216–217 Aegean Sea , 198 Animated objects , 91 Agency, by animated nonhuman beings , 89 Animated pottery , 99–101 Agricola, Mikael (Bishop) , 78 Animism , 50, 213–214 Alacahöyük royal tomb , 193 and archaeology , 88–90 Alexander Keiller Museum (Avebury) , to monumentality , 4–8 57, 59 object personhood Altered state of consciousness (ASC) , functional , 93–94 36, 255–256, 259 human relationship , 90–93 Amber Route , 198 object animacy, nature of , 94–97 American Indian traditions , 110, 113 Animistic ontology, at Paquimé , 98 “Beneath World” , 113 Anquandah, James , 26, 28 “This World” of terrestrial surface , 113 Anthropocracy , 209 “Upper World” of sky , 113 Anthropomorphic (cone) fi gurines , 26, 30 American Southwest, shell trumpets in , Anthropomorphic vessel , 212–213 93–94 Antler pins , 17 American Southwestern groups, ethnographic Archaeological paradigms , 89 record of Archaeological record, animism using , object personhood 90–97 functional , 93–94 Archaeology human relationship , 90–93 Aegean , 139 object animacy, nature of , 94–97 and animism , 88–90 Amlash, Iran , 195 Dewil valley , 140–142, 152–153 Amulet , 197 of Koma Land , 26–28 Ancestors , 57 and Paganisms, in Britain , 50–54 fragmentary , 25, 39–42 of sacred journeys , 111–112 fi gurines , 29–39 of spirituality , 72, 73 Koma Land, archaeology of , 26–28 “Archaeology of Pilgrimage” , 111 ritual posture and practices , 38–39 Architectural symbolism , 13–15 Pagan attachments to , 61 Ark of the Covenant , 20 Ancestral ‘Bulsa-type’ population ASC. See Altered state of consciousness (ASC) (Koma Land) , 28 Asherat , 192 Ancestral veneration , 26 Ashleypark, county Tipperary , 9 Ancient Greek world , 134 Astarte , 196 K. Rountree et al. (eds.), Archaeology of Spiritualities, One World Archaeology, 267 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-3354-5, © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2012 268 Index Atsipadhes Korakies peak sanctuary British Association for Biological human fi gurines , 239, 240 Anthropology and Late Neolithic pottery , 218 Osteoarchaeology (BABAO) , 61 ritual, performative nature of , 233, 235 Bronze Age , 51, 55, 56 upper and lower terraces Minoan peak sanctuaries , 230 clay fi gurines , 229, 234–235 Minoan religion and ritual , 248 feature and pebbles , 231–232 symbols, Carpathian Basin GIS , 232 circular bronze pendant , 190–192 pottery fragments , 231 ethnography , 186 rhyta , 231 folk art motifs , 186–188 view , 231 golden disc pendants , 192–193 Auregnacian Germany , 134 graphical sentences , 188–189 Austronesian language , 138, 139, 154 Brooches , 170 Avebury Consultation , 59–62 Buddhism , 228 Axe-head cache, discovery of , 121 Building materials, reuse of , 81 Axe-head production , 120, 121 Built environments, and spirituality , 75–77 Ayios Vasilios valley , 230 Burial , 144–145 communal , 5 Middle Neolithic burial practices , 8–9 B Baetyls , 213 Bajaus, Sulu Archipelago , 154 C Bakun community, in Cordillera range of Cahokia , 108 Luzon , 154 as cosmological center , 115–116 Balatonboglár-Szőlőskislak, Hungary , 191 and St. Francois Mountains , 116–120 Baltinglass Hill, county Wicklow , 20 Cahokia Mounds , 111 Barclodiad y Gawres, Anglesey , 9 Cairn T, Loughcrew , 14 Basalt , 117, 120–121, 123 Campanella, Tommaso , 76 Batissa/Polymesoda spp. , 144 Canarium nuts , 146, 152 Beyer, Otley , 137 Canarium spp. , 143 “Big-Bang” , 120 Cannibalism , 250, 254 Big River , 117, 118, 121, 122 Carnelian bead necklaces , 192 Biographically animated objects , 95, 96 Carpathian Basin, Bronze Age symbols Blackfeet , 117 Adad, storm god , 194 Black Hills, South Dakota , 114 Akkadian divinities , 193–194 Black stones , 117 Amber Route , 198 Bog islands , 173–174 amulet , 197 Bonyhád, Hungary , 192 Astarte , 196 Boyne Valley World Heritage Site , 9 astral symbols , 193–195 Bridge-spouted jars , 231 ceremonial jewels , 197 Britain circular bronze pendant communal burial , 5 abstract motif , 198 Paganisms , 47 Balatonboglár-Szőlőskislak , 190 and archaeology , 50–54 Bonyhád , 192 Avebury Consultation , 59–62 Dunaújváros-Kosziderpadlás , 191 competing spiritual and scienti fi c Group 1 and 2 sites , 190 discourses , 61–64 Minet el-Beida, Syria , 192 Druidry, development of , 49 earthenware bowls , 199 heritage discourse , 57 eight-equal-arm star , 193–194, 198 prehistory , 49–50 ethnography , 185–186 reconstructionist Paganisms , 50 folk art re-enchantment practices , 54 Christian symbols , 187 respect and reburial , 58–59 culture , 189 sacredness , 54–57 decorative motifs , 187 pilgrimages in , 111 graphical sentence , 188–189 Index 269 Hungarian folk jewelry , 187 Cosmology (Philippines) , 133 rosette motif , 187 cultural link , 138–139 sun symbols , 186 Dewil valley archaeology and landscape , four-arm-star , 193 140–142, 152–153 goddess’s symbols , 196–197 ethnography , 154–157 golden disc pendants Ille and Pasimbahan-Magsanib sites , 142 Alacahöyük royal tomb , 193 c. 100 to present , 150–152 granulation technique , 193 c. 1000 to c. 100 years ago , 148–150 Kinneret grave assemblage , 192–193 c. 2000 to c. 1000 years ago , 146–148 Minet el-Beida, Syria , 192 c. 4000 to c. 2000 years ago , 145–146 Tell el-’Ajjul, Megiddo , 192 before c. 4000 years ago , 144–145 Inanna and Ištar , 195–196 9000 years ago , 142–143 Near Eastern origin , 198, 200 landscape , 139–140 Šamaš, sun god , 193–194 Cosmos, structure of , 113 Sîn, moon god , 194 Council of British Druid Orders (CoBDO) , six-arm-star , 194–195 59, 60 Transylvania , 185 Court Tombs , 5, 7, 8 Venus , 196 Cremated bones , 15, 18 winged goddess , 195 in Passage Tombs , 16 Carrowkeel Ware , 15, 16 systematic crushing , 17 Carrowmore, county Sligo , 9 Crescent Hills , 117 Casas Grandes , 97–103 . See also Paquimé, Cruci fi x, symbol of , 138 Mexico Cultural transformation (Philippines) , 138–139 Caves , 136, 139, 140, 142, 150–152, 154, 156 Cuyonin (ethnolinguistic group) , 140 Ceremonial practices , 15–17 Charonia spp. , 147 Chi-kung methods, China , 239 D Child–parent relationships , 208–209 Danay, Eustaquio (Dudoy) , 150–151 Christian Orthodoxy , 252, 258 Davies, Paul , 59 Christians, and sacredness , 57 Department of Culture, Media and Sport Civitas Solis (Tommaso Campanella) , 76 (DCMS) guidelines , 60, 61 Classic Irish Passage Tomb , 9 de Valera, Eamon , 20 Clay fi gurines , 26, 229, 234–235 Dewil valley archaeology and landscape , CoBDO. See Council of British Druid Orders 140–142, 152–153 (CoBDO) Dhegiha Sioux , 113 Coins , 169–170 Dilbat golden hoard , 193 Collective consciousness behavior , 135–136 Directly observable persons vs. hidden Collective unconscious behavior , 136, 138, 152 persons , 95 Cone fi gurine , 31 Diribungan tower , 140 Consciousness, de fi nition of , 135 Donegore Hill , 5 Contesting Human Remains in Museum Dowth , 9, 15 Collections , 62 Druidry, development of , 49 Conus spp. , 144, 154, 155 Dualism , 57 Copper Age Vuèedol culture , 200 Dunaújváros-Kosziderpadlás, Hungary , 191 Corporeality , 254–255 Cosmic power , 107 Cahokia E as cosmological center , 115–116 Early Bronze Age , 8, 14, 18 . See also Bronze and St. Francois Mountains , 116–120 Age cosmos, structure of , 113 Early Mesolithic cremations, county discussion , 122–124 Limerick , 4 evidence , 120–122 Early Minoan (EM) , 211–213 making the journey , 114 Early modern Finland , 72, 74, 78 sacred journeys , 110–111 Earrings (Mainland Southeast Asia) , 137 archaeology , 111–112 Earth Moiety for Osage , 123 270 Index East Lower Terrace, Atsipadhes Korakies cone , 31 clay fi gurines , 234–235 contexts and associations , 36–38 fi gurine fragments , 231 female , 211–212 view , 231 fragments , 231 Ecstasy , 235 frequency and types , 29–31 Ef fi gy pots , 100 gender , 34–36 Eilithyia , 256, 257 healing , 32 Elementary Forms of Religious Life, human , 30, 239, 240 The (Durkheim) , 57 ecstatic body postures , 239–241 English Heritage , 55, 57, 59, 60 hands-to-chest gesture , 237, 238 Enlightenment intellectual heritage , 73 open and closed gestures , 239, 240, 242 Esoteric healing methods , 239, 240 Petsophas fi gurines , 237, 238 Estonian hiis -sites Protopalatial period , 242 Aburi , 173 religion, theistic de fi nitions of , 237 bog islands , 173–174, 179 shamanic postures , 240–241 building offerings , 176 Traostalos peak sanctuary , 239 description , 166 worship gestures , 237–239 destruction , 174–175 incisions , 31 etymology , 165 Janus , 35 folk tradition , 167–169 medicine and power , 33–34 graves , 171–172, 177–179 Mesopotamian fi gurines , 237 hidden holy sites , 174–175, 180 Minoan peak sanctuaries holy tree , 166–167, 175 animal fi gurines , 229, 239 indigenous villages , 172–173 clay fi gurines , 229, 234–235 Late Iron Age brooches , 170 human fi gurines ( see Human fi gurines) medieval coins , 169–170 votive limbs , 229, 239 offering sites , 171 parts , 34 offering stone , 170 Petsophas , 237, 238 offering trees , 176 Snake goddess , 250–251 pilgrimages , 174 Terracotta , 32 public festivities , 171 wooden Songye fi gurine , 31 springs , 175–176, 180 zoomorphic , 26 toponym , 164–165 Finnish folk culture , 77–78 Ethnolinguistic group, central Palawan , 156 Finnish folklore , 74, 78, 81 European Neolithic , 25, 51 Finnish household-spirit tradition , 81 European rock art , 17 Fionn Mac Cumhaill , 13 Everard, Clews , 55 Folk art Experiencing Ritual: Shamanic elements in Christian symbols , 187 Minoan Religion , 255–256 culture , 189 decorative motifs , 187 graphical sentences