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Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources Open File Report
l 122 EARTHQUAKES AND SEISMOLOGY - LEGAL ASPECTS OPEN FILE REPORT 92-2 EARTHQUAKES AND Ludwin, R. S.; Malone, S. D.; Crosson, R. EARTHQUAKES AND SEISMOLOGY - LEGAL S.; Qamar, A. I., 1991, Washington SEISMOLOGY - 1946 EVENT ASPECTS eanhquak:es, 1985. Clague, J. J., 1989, Research on eanh- Ludwin, R. S.; Qamar, A. I., 1991, Reeval Perkins, J. B.; Moy, Kenneth, 1989, Llabil quak:e-induced ground failures in south uation of the 19th century Washington ity of local government for earthquake western British Columbia [abstract). and Oregon eanhquake catalog using hazards and losses-A guide to the law Evans, S. G., 1989, The 1946 Mount Colo original accounts-The moderate sized and its impacts in the States of Califor nel Foster rock avalanches and auoci earthquake of May l, 1882 [abstract). nia, Alaska, Utah, and Washington; ated displacement wave, Vancouver Is Final repon. Maley, Richard, 1986, Strong motion accel land, British Columbia. erograph stations in Oregon and Wash Hasegawa, H. S.; Rogers, G. C., 1978, EARTHQUAKES AND ington (April 1986). Appendix C Quantification of the magnitude 7.3, SEISMOLOGY - NETWORKS Malone, S. D., 1991, The HAWK seismic British Columbia earthquake of June 23, AND CATALOGS data acquisition and analysis system 1946. [abstract). Berg, J. W., Jr.; Baker, C. D., 1963, Oregon Hodgson, E. A., 1946, British Columbia eanhquak:es, 1841 through 1958 [ab Milne, W. G., 1953, Seismological investi earthquake, June 23, 1946. gations in British Columbia (abstract). stract). Hodgson, J. H.; Milne, W. G., 1951, Direc Chan, W.W., 1988, Network and array anal Munro, P. S.; Halliday, R. J.; Shannon, W. -
Minoan Religion
MINOAN RELIGION Ritual, Image, and Symbol NANNO MARINATOS MINOAN RELIGION STUDIES IN COMPARATIVE RELIGION Frederick M. Denny, Editor The Holy Book in Comparative Perspective Arjuna in the Mahabharata: Edited by Frederick M. Denny and Where Krishna Is, There Is Victory Rodney L. Taylor By Ruth Cecily Katz Dr. Strangegod: Ethics, Wealth, and Salvation: On the Symbolic Meaning of Nuclear Weapons A Study in Buddhist Social Ethics By Ira Chernus Edited by Russell F. Sizemore and Donald K. Swearer Native American Religious Action: A Performance Approach to Religion By Ritual Criticism: Sam Gill Case Studies in Its Practice, Essays on Its Theory By Ronald L. Grimes The Confucian Way of Contemplation: Okada Takehiko and the Tradition of The Dragons of Tiananmen: Quiet-Sitting Beijing as a Sacred City By By Rodney L. Taylor Jeffrey F. Meyer Human Rights and the Conflict of Cultures: The Other Sides of Paradise: Western and Islamic Perspectives Explorations into the Religious Meanings on Religious Liberty of Domestic Space in Islam By David Little, John Kelsay, By Juan Eduardo Campo and Abdulaziz A. Sachedina Sacred Masks: Deceptions and Revelations By Henry Pernet The Munshidin of Egypt: Their World and Their Song The Third Disestablishment: By Earle H. Waugh Regional Difference in Religion and Personal Autonomy 77u' Buddhist Revival in Sri Lanka: By Phillip E. Hammond Religious Tradition, Reinterpretation and Response Minoan Religion: Ritual, Image, and Symbol By By George D. Bond Nanno Marinatos A History of the Jews of Arabia: From Ancient Times to Their Eclipse Under Islam By Gordon Darnell Newby MINOAN RELIGION Ritual, Image, and Symbol NANNO MARINATOS University of South Carolina Press Copyright © 1993 University of South Carolina Published in Columbia, South Carolina, by the University of South Carolina Press Manufactured in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Marinatos, Nanno. -
A Fresh Look at Ttagar Qim and Mnajdra Temples
A fresh look at ttagar Qim and Mnajdra temples Katya Stroud Our megalithic temples relate many stories. The they appear to have collected from the ground, stories that intrigue us most are those that tell us a clear indication of the curiosity that the large about their beginnings, their construction, use stone blocks attracted at the time. and development in prehistory. However, they The large stones triggered the imagination do provide evidence for a different story, that of visitors to the site leading to various which starts with their discovery by modem theories being proposed in their regard. Abela society. During this part of their lifespan these was the first to document the belief, in the 17t11 monuments are not only studied and analysed century, that the megalithic temples were built by scholars trying to identify their origins, by giants: "Habbiamo d' avvantaggio alcuni but are also restored and reconstructed, thus vestige d'opere de'Giganti [ ... ] nel luogo undergoing physical changes which are not chiamato in Arabic a Hagiar el Kim". 2 always immediately evident. Numerous restoration and conservation interventions have taken place at both Magar Qim and Mnajdra. Records of only a few of these interventions have been kept, and in some cases even this documentation is missing from our archives. It is in fact the actual visual examination of the remains, as well as the examination of photographic and pictorial evidence, that allows for their identification. This factor often makes it difficult to attribute a date to these interventions and to identify the methods and materials that were used. -
Celts and the Castro Culture in the Iberian Peninsula – Issues of National Identity and Proto-Celtic Substratum
Brathair 18 (1), 2018 ISSN 1519-9053 Celts and the Castro Culture in the Iberian Peninsula – issues of national identity and Proto-Celtic substratum Silvana Trombetta1 Laboratory of Provincial Roman Archeology (MAE/USP) [email protected] Received: 03/29/2018 Approved: 04/30/2018 Abstract : The object of this article is to discuss the presence of the Castro Culture and of Celtic people on the Iberian Peninsula. Currently there are two sides to this debate. On one hand, some consider the “Castro” people as one of the Celtic groups that inhabited this part of Europe, and see their peculiarity as a historically designed trait due to issues of national identity. On the other hand, there are archeologists who – despite not ignoring entirely the usage of the Castro culture for the affirmation of national identity during the nineteenth century (particularly in Portugal) – saw distinctive characteristics in the Northwest of Portugal and Spain which go beyond the use of the past for political reasons. We will examine these questions aiming to decide if there is a common Proto-Celtic substrate, and possible singularities in the Castro Culture. Keywords : Celts, Castro Culture, national identity, Proto-Celtic substrate http://ppg.revistas.uema.br/index.php/brathair 39 Brathair 18 (1), 2018 ISSN 1519-9053 There is marked controversy in the use of the term Celt and the matter of the presence of these people in Europe, especially in Spain. This controversy involves nationalism, debates on the possible existence of invading hordes (populations that would bring with them elements of the Urnfield, Hallstatt, and La Tène cultures), and the possible presence of a Proto-Celtic cultural substrate common to several areas of the Old Continent. -
Concrete Prehistories: the Making of Megalithic Modernism 1901-1939
Concrete Prehistories: The Making of Megalithic Modernism Abstract After water, concrete is the most consumed substance on earth. Every year enough cement is produced to manufacture around six billion cubic metres of concrete1. This paper investigates how concrete has been built into the construction of modern prehistories. We present an archaeology of concrete in the prehistoric landscapes of Stonehenge and Avebury, where concrete is a major component of megalithic sites restored between 1901 and 1964. We explore how concreting changed between 1901 and the Second World War, and the implications of this for constructions of prehistory. We discuss the role of concrete in debates surrounding restoration, analyze the semiotics of concrete equivalents for the megaliths, and investigate the significance of concreting to interpretations of prehistoric building. A technology that mixes ancient and modern, concrete helped build the modern archaeological imagination. Concrete is the substance of the modern –”Talking about concrete means talking about modernity” (Forty 2012:14). It is the material most closely associated with the origins and development of modern architecture, but in the modern era, concrete has also been widely deployed in the preservation and display of heritage. In fact its ubiquity means that concrete can justifiably claim to be the single most dominant substance of heritage conservation practice between 1900 and 1945. This paper investigates how concrete has been built into the construction of modern pasts, and in particular, modern prehistories. As the pre-eminent marker of modernity, concrete was used to separate ancient from modern, but efforts to preserve and display prehistoric megaliths saw concrete and megaliths become entangled. -
Web-Brochure
Luoghi Places SIRACUSA da scoprire RAGUSA Luoghi Places Sommario Introduzione Pag. 2 Luoghi di interesse Museo Archeologico Regionale di Kamarina Pag. 3 Castello di Donnafugata Pag. 4 Grotta delle Trabacche Pag. 5 Area archeologica Caucana Pag. 6 Riserva naturale di Randello Pag. 7 Scoglitti Pag. 8 Chiaramonte Gulfi Pag. 9 Luoghi del Barocco Siciliano Ragusa Ibla Pag. 10 Comiso Pag. 11 Modica Pag. 12 Scicli Pag. 13 Noto Pag. 14 Siracusa Pag. 15 Sicilia da Scoprire Bottega del Carretto Siciliano Pag. 16 Museo dell'olio di Chiaramonte Gulfi Pag. 17 Arte del Ricamo e dello Sfilato Siciliano Pag. 18 Casa delle Farfalle - Modica Pag. 19 Casa Museo Liberty - Chiaramonte Gulfi Pag. 20 Luoghi Places Introduzione SIRACUSA RAGUSA Provincia di Ragusa Comiso Vittoria RAGUSA Ibla Scoglitti Modica Punta Secca Scicli Ispica Marina di Ragusa Donnalucata Sampieri La Sicilia e il ragusano. Terre indimenticabili. La Sicilia è patria di miti, leggende e tradizioni che aondano le loro radici nell’antichità. Normanni, Greci, Romani, Arabi e Spagnoli hanno lasciato una traccia indelebile nella storia dell’isola. Il Barocco siciliano è nato e ha trovato la sua massima espressione nella provincia di Ragusa e nella Val di Noto, elette per questo Patrimonio Mondiale dell’UNESCO. Cinema e televisione hanno sfruttato le particolarità architettoniche di città come Modica, Scicli e Ispica, assicurando loro una fama internazionale. In più le spiagge incantevoli di Marina di Ragusa, Scoglitti, Sampieri e le riserve protette rendono quest’area una meta di forte interesse paesaggistico. Il ragusano è un territorio spettacolare, che si scopre passeggiando tra gli ulivi circoscritti da muretti in pietra e abbandonandosi alla vista dell’orizzonte ondulato dei pascoli. -
The Origins of Avebury 2 1,* 2 2 Q13 Q2mark Gillings , Joshua Pollard & Kris Strutt 4 5 6 the Avebury Henge Is One of the Famous Mega
1 The origins of Avebury 2 1,* 2 2 Q13 Q2Mark Gillings , Joshua Pollard & Kris Strutt 4 5 6 The Avebury henge is one of the famous mega- 7 lithic monuments of the European Neolithic, Research 8 yet much remains unknown about the detail 9 and chronology of its construction. Here, the 10 results of a new geophysical survey and 11 re-examination of earlier excavation records 12 illuminate the earliest beginnings of the 13 monument. The authors suggest that Ave- ’ 14 bury s Southern Inner Circle was constructed 15 to memorialise and monumentalise the site ‘ ’ 16 of a much earlier foundational house. The fi 17 signi cance here resides in the way that traces 18 of dwelling may take on special social and his- 19 torical value, leading to their marking and 20 commemoration through major acts of monu- 21 ment building. 22 23 Keywords: Britain, Avebury, Neolithic, megalithic, memory 24 25 26 Introduction 27 28 Alongside Stonehenge, the passage graves of the Boyne Valley and the Carnac alignments, the 29 Avebury henge is one of the pre-eminent megalithic monuments of the European Neolithic. ’ 30 Its 420m-diameter earthwork encloses the world s largest stone circle. This in turn encloses — — 31 two smaller yet still vast megalithic circles each approximately 100m in diameter and 32 complex internal stone settings (Figure 1). Avenues of paired standing stones lead from 33 two of its four entrances, together extending for approximately 3.5km and linking with 34 other monumental constructions. Avebury sits within the centre of a landscape rich in 35 later Neolithic monuments, including Silbury Hill and the West Kennet palisade enclosures 36 (Smith 1965; Pollard & Reynolds 2002; Gillings & Pollard 2004). -
Athens (-34% Vs
COVID-19 Impact on EUROCONTROL Airports EUROCONTROL Airport Briefings 9 July 2021 Total flights lost since 1 March 2020: 165,580 flights Current flight status: 641 daily flights or -23% vs 2019 (7-day average)1 Current ranking: 8th Busiest airline: Aegean Airlines:253 average daily flights1 (-29% vs. 2019) Busiest destination country: Greece with 151 average daily flights1 (-16% vs. 2019) Busiest destination airport: Santorini with 17 average daily flights1 Athens (-34% vs. 2019) Similar levels for international traffic (-27% vs 2019) and internal traffic (-17% vs 2019) with traditional scheduled airlines 2020/21 Traffic Evolution Athens Traffic variation (7-day average number of flights) 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 25 Jul25 04 Jul 11 Jul 18 Jul 03 Jan 10 Jan 17 Jan 24 Jan 31 Jan 06 Jun 13 Jun 20 Jun 27 Jun 24 Oct 24 03 Oct 10 Oct 17 Oct 31 Oct 04 Apr 11 Apr 18 Apr 25 Apr 21 Feb21 07 Feb 14 Feb 28 Feb 05 Sep 12 Sep 19 Sep 26 Sep 26 Dec26 05 Dec 12 Dec 19 Dec 01 Aug 08 Aug 15 Aug 22 Aug 29 Aug 07 Nov 14 Nov 21 Nov 28 Nov 07 Mar 14 Mar 21 Mar 28 Mar 02 May 09 May 16 May 23 May 30 May 2021 2020 2019 7-day average 7-day average 7-day average Athens Change in number of flights from the same day of the previous week Increase Decrease 7-day flight average +109 660 640 +87 +79 620 +65 +66 600 +54 +48 580 +36 +33 +32 +24 +25 560 +3 540 520 -1 500 Fri 25 Sat 26 Sun 27 Mon 28 Tue 29 Wed 30 Thu 01 Fri 02 Jul Sat 03 Sun 04 Mon 05 Tue 06 Wed 07 Thu 08 Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul COVID-19 Impact on EUROCONTROL Airports EUROCONTROL Airport Briefings 9 July 2021 Traffic Composition Rank Flights (arr+dep) Actual vs prev. -
Silbury Hill – А Case Study with LANDSCAPE ARCHAEOLOGY: SILBURY HILL – a CASE STUDY LIONEL LIONEL SIMS LIONEL SIMS
VI. LANDSCAPE ARCHAEOLOGY AND ARCHAEOASTRONOMY INTEGRATING ARCHAEOASTRONOMY Integrating Archaeology: with Landscape ArchaeoastronomySilbury Hill – а Case Study WITH LANDSCAPE ARCHAEOLOGY: SILBURY HILL – A CASE STUDY LIONEL LIONEL SIMS LIONEL SIMS Abstract Weaknesses in both archaeoastronomy and landscape archaeology can be overcome by their combination. This is demonstrat- ed through a new interpretation of Silbury Hill in Avebury, Wiltshire. If monuments in their local landscape are considered as one choice in a system of alternatives, tests can be devised to intepret the prehistoric builders‘ intentions. This exercise finds that the builders chose a prescriptive arrangement of views of Silbury Hill to simulate a facsimile of the moon entering and returning from the underworld. Key words: dark moon, crescent moon, paired alignments, Silbury Hill, West Kennet Avenue, Beckhampton Avenue, Ave- bury, underworld. Introduction with a level circular summit platform.To date, no con- vincing explanation as to its meaning has been offered. Archaeoastronomy has to move on from the legacy of Archaeologists have long expected that excavating the the Thom paradigm if it is to prove its relevance to sci- interior of the hill would reveal burials or deposited ar- ence (Sims 2006). Over the last three decades the dis- tefacts that would provide the clues to its decoding. In cipline has established robust field methods procedures spite of the many tunnels that have been dug, so much and, in so doing, falsified Thom‘s claim for a prehis- so that the Hill has now to be rescued from imminent toric precision astronomy (Thom 1971; Ruggles 1999; collapse, no burials have been found nor interpretive Hoskin 2001, Belmonte 2006; Schaefer 1993; North breakthroughs made. -
1 Settlement Patterns in Roman Galicia
Settlement Patterns in Roman Galicia: Late Iron Age – Second Century AD Jonathan Wynne Rees Thesis submitted in requirement of fulfilments for the degree of Ph.D. in Archaeology, at the Institute of Archaeology, University College London University of London 2012 1 I, Jonathan Wynne Rees confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 2 Abstract This thesis examines the changes which occurred in the cultural landscapes of northwest Iberia, between the end of the Iron Age and the consolidation of the region by both the native elite and imperial authorities during the early Roman empire. As a means to analyse the impact of Roman power on the native peoples of northwest Iberia five study areas in northern Portugal were chosen, which stretch from the mountainous region of Trás-os-Montes near the modern-day Spanish border, moving west to the Tâmega Valley and the Atlantic coastal area. The divergent physical environments, different social practices and political affinities which these diverse regions offer, coupled with differing levels of contact with the Roman world, form the basis for a comparative examination of the area. In seeking to analyse the transformations which took place between the Late pre-Roman Iron Age and the early Roman period historical, archaeological and anthropological approaches from within Iberian academia and beyond were analysed. From these debates, three key questions were formulated, focusing on -
Jak Přežít Antropologie Bydlení Pohled Do Minulosti Počátky Lovci
001_052_Strecha 15.8.2006 7:45 Stránka 7 Obsah Předmluva 11 KAPITOLA PRVNÍ Jak přežít Antropologie bydlení 13 Člověk a podnebí 13 Stavební materiál a jeho zpracování 15 Tady zůstaneme. Volba tábořiště 24 Diktát ekonomie 26 Sociální vztahy, nadpřirozený svět 30 KAPITOLA DRUHÁ Pohled do minulosti Počátky 33 Kořeny architektury 33 Nejstarší evropské nálezy 39 Fenomén ohně 47 Stavěli si neandertálci obydlí? 48 Lovci mladého paleolitu 53 Dolní Věstonice, naleziště unikátních objevů a inovací v gravettienu 54 Vigne Brun 59 Rusko a Ukrajina 64 Překvapivé nálezy z Jižní Ameriky 88 Antropologický pohled 90 Magdalénští lovci sobů 97 Poslední lovci, první zemědělci 105 Mezolit 105 Západní Sibiř 105 Lepenski Vir 107 7 001_052_Strecha 15.8.2006 7:45 Stránka 8 Mt. Sandel 110 Příchod neolitu a Sahara 113 Kamenná architektura Sahary 115 Blízký východ 124 Antropologický pohled 131 Nejstarší neolit 134 Mladý mezolit a počátky neolitu v severní Evropě 136 Obydlí konce doby kamenné 141 Dlouhé domy starého neolitu střední Evropy 141 Antropologický pohled 151 Neolitické domy z jihozápadní Francie 156 Staroneolitické sídliště Darian 159 Domy tripolské kultury 160 Iluze „nákolních“ staveb 165 Středoevropský latén a konec pravěku 171 Kultovní a monumentální architektura 177 Rondely 177 Megality 181 Dolmeny 184 Barnenez 191 Newgrange 198 Gavrinis 205 Saharské a kavkazské dolomeny 210 Menhiry 214 Carnac 217 Černovaja 218 Stonehenge 221 Středomoří 226 Odkaz pravěku 243 KAPITOLA TŘETÍ Mizející svět Poslední lovci-sběrači 245 Dobytí severu 245 Paleoeskymáci 245 Fjord -
Tourism Potential of Castreja Culture from the North-Western Iberian Peninsula
Turystyka Kulturowa, www.turystykakulturowa.org Nr 1/2019 (styczeń-luty 2019) Fátima Matos da Silva, [email protected] Department of Tourism, Heritage and Culture Universidade Portucalense Infante D. Henrique. Porto, Portugal Researcher at REMIT – Research on Economics, Management and Information Technologies, Portucalense University, Porto and at CITCEM - Centre for Transdisciplinary Research Culture, Space and Memory, Research Centre (uID 04059), Oporto University, Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto-FLUP Tourism potential of castreja culture from the north-western Iberian Peninsula Key words: Archaeological tourism, Castreja Culture, hillforts, saunas with Pedra Formosa, Proto-History Abstract In this paper we clarify some considerations about the enhancement of archaeological heritage of the hillforts or castros from the castreja culture of the Iron Age, located in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula (north of Portugal and Galicia). Some ideas and reflexions, regarding the aspects considered relevant at the time of elaborating enhancement projects for this kind of heritage are included, with the aim of improving its sustainability and capacity of being of interest for both the general public and for cultural or archaeological tourism. In this sense, we sumarise the results obtained in the rehabilitation projects for some of the hillforts that are located in the north of Portugal, including some bath-saunas with ovens. The Pedra Formosa (beautiful stone) structures of these hillforts are also briefly mentioned. Finally, we present some possible archaeological tourism routes. Introduction Archaeological ruins should be seen as part of our past which, though poorly maintained, has information to give us, a message to convey. The preservation and in situ exhibition of archaeological remains is one of the greatest problems of archaeologists and of all those who wish to preserve the memory and the protection of heritage, as we are dealing with structures in an advanced state of deterioration [Cronyn, 1990].