DOCSLIB.ORG

2009 Status Report for the Makua and Oahu Implementation Plans

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
2009 Status Report for the Makua and Oahu Implementation Plans Chapter 1 Ecosystem Management 1.4 ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION MANAGEMENT UNIT PLANS 1.4.1 Ekahanui Ecosystem Restoration Management Plan MIP Year 6-10, Oct. 2009 – Sept. 2014 OIP Year 3-7, Sept. 2009 - Sept. 2014 MU: Ekahanui Subunit I, II, III, IV and Ekahanui No MU 1.4.1.1 Overall MIP/OIP Management Goals: • Form a stable, native-dominated matrix of plant communities which support stable populations of IP taxa. • Control ungulate, rodent, arthropod, slug, snail, fire, and weed threats to support stable populations of IP taxa. Implement control methods by 2013. 1.4.1.2 Background Information Location: Southern Waianae Mountains Land Owner: State of Hawaii Land Manager: DOFAW (State Forest Reserve) Acreage: 3100 acres Elevation Range: 1800-3100 ft Description: Ekahanui MU is located in the Southern Windward Waianae Mountains. Puu Kaua is at the apex of many sub drainages that make up Ekahanui. The summit of Puu Kaua is 3127 ft high. Three major drainages are encompassed in the MU. Overall the area is characterized by steep vegetated slopes and cliff especially at higher elevations. Much of the MU is dominated by alien vegetation. There are only small pockets of native vegetation worth intensive management. The alien dominated areas were included in the MU boundary to ensure management options for Elepaio. Most of this alien dominated area fenced for Elepaio management falls into the Subunit II fence. The MU is accessed via the Kunia road through the Kunia village. Native Vegetation Types Waianae Vegetation Types Mesic mixed forest Canopy includes: Acacia koa, Metrosideros polymorpha, Nestegis sandwicensis, Diospyros spp., Pouteria sandwicensis, Charpentiera spp., Pisonia spp., Psychotria spp., Antidesma platyphylum, Bobea spp. and Santalum freycinetianum. Understory includes: Alyxia oliviformis, Bidens torta, Coprosma spp., and Microlepia strigosa Mesic-Wet forest Canopy includes: Metrosideros polymorpha polymorpha. Typical to see Cheirodendron trigynum, Cibotium spp., Melicope spp., Antidesma platyphyllum, and Ilex anomala. Understory includes: Cibotium chamissoi, Broussasia arguta, Dianella sandwicensis, Dubautia spp. Less common subcanopy components of this zone include Clermontia and Cyanea spp. 2009 Makua and Oahu Implementation Plan Status Report 21 Chapter 1 Ecosystem Management Vegetation Types at Ekahanui Mesic Mixed Forest Mesic-Wet Forest 2009 Makua and Oahu Implementation Plan Status Report 22 Chapter 1 Ecosystem Management MIP/OIP Rare Resources Organism Species Pop. Ref. Code Population Unit Management Wild/ Type Designation Reintroduction Plant Abutilon sandwicense EKA-A, B HUL-A Ekahanui and MFS (OIP) Both Huliwai Plant Alectryon macrococcus EKA-A, B, C, D, E, Ekahanui N/A Wild var macrococcus F Plant Cenchrus agrimonioides EKA-A, B, C, D† Central Ekahanui MFS Both var. agrimonioides Plant Cyanea grimesiana EKA-A* North Branch of N/A Wild subsp. obatae South Ekahanui Plant Cyanea grimesiana EKA-B, C North Branch of Genetic Reintroduction subsp. obatae South Ekahanui Storage Plant Delissea subcordata EKA-A, B*, C*, D Ekahanui MFS Both Plant Phyllostegia mollis EKA-A*, B*, C Ekahanui N/A Wild Plant Phyllostegia mollis EKA-C Ekahanui MFS (OIP) Reintroduction Plant Plantago princeps var EKA-A, B, C Ekahanui MFS (OIP) Wild princeps Plant Schiedea kaalae EKA-A, B, C*, D South Ekahanui MFS Both Snail Achatinella mustelina EKA-A, B, ESU-E MFS Wild C,D,E,F,G Bird Chasiempis N/A Ekahanui None Wild sandwichensis ibidis MFS= Manage for Stability *= Population Dead GSC= Genetic Storage Collection †=Reintroduction not yet done Other Rare Taxa at Ekahanui MU Organism Species Status Comments Type Plant Chamaecyce herbstii Endangered Population gone (2001) Plant Diellia falcata Endangered Scattered individuals Plant Diellia unisora Endangered Hybridizing w/ D. falcata Plant Phyllostegia hirsuta Endangered Population gone (2000) Plant Phyllostegia kaalaensis Endangered Population gone (2000) Plant Platydesma cornuta var decurrens Candidate Plant Schiedea hookeri Endangered Small wild population in Subunit I, larger TNC reintroduction elsewhere in Subunit I. Plant Schiedea pentandra Candidate Plant Urera kaalae Endangered Wild plants in Subunit II, reintroduction established by TNC in Subunit I. Plant Tetramolopium lepidotum var. Endangered Small wild location at crestline, Subunit I lepidotum Plant Solanum sandwicense Endangered Reintroduction established by TNC in Subunit I. Founder from Palawai Plant Cyanea pinnatifida Endangered Reintroduction established by TNC in Subunit I. Founder from Kaluaa. Plant Dissochondrus biflorus Species of Concern One location Plant Pleomele forbesii Candidate Scattered individuals Plant Pteralyxia macrocarpa Species of Concern Scattered clusters Plant Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. Species of Concern Scattered individuals dipetalum Fly Drosophila montgomeryi Endangered One location, Subunit II Snail Philonesia sp. Species of Concern Snail Amastra spirizona Species of Concern Subunit I 2009 Makua and Oahu Implementation Plan Status Report 23 Chapter 1 Ecosystem Management Locations of Rare Resources at Ekahanui 2009 Makua and Oahu Implementation Plan Status Report 24 Chapter 1 Ecosystem Management Rare Resources at Ekahanui Mature Cyanea grimesiana subsp. obatae at reintroduction D. subcordata recruitment Abutilon Sandwicense flower under reintroduced plants Plantago princeps var. princeps with Wild Schiedea kaalae patch infructescense 2009 Makua and Oahu Implementation Plan Status Report 25 Chapter 1 Ecosystem Management MU Threats to MIP/OIP MFS Taxa Threat Taxa Affected Localized Control MU scale Control Control Method Sufficient? required? Available? Pigs All No Yes MU fenced Rats All Yes for Elepaio, Yes MU-wide snap trap Unknown for plants grid to be tested and snails Predatory Achatinella mustelina Unknown Unknown No. Limited to hand- snails removal and physical barriers Slugs C. grimesiana subsp. Yes No Currently under obatae, D. subcordata, P. development princeps var princeps, S.kaalae, P. mollis Ants Potential threat to Unknown Unknown Some available, Drosophila montgomeryi depends on species Weeds All Yes Yes Yes Fire All Yes Yes Yes Management History • 1998-2002: Biological surveys by TNC Staff and Joel Lau. • 1999: Elepaio management begins with banding and rodent control of about 6 pairs. By 2006, the number of territories protected is about 20. By 2009, over 25 pairs are known and protected by rat control efforts. • 2000: Subunit I fence completed (40 acres). TNC eradicated the last pigs through the use of volunteer and staff hunters. • 2001-2006: Catchment tanks and field nursery installed. Other common native restoration efforts done by TNC/Army staff. • 2002: Achatinella mustelina surveys by Army Staff and Joel Lau. • 2005: 120 acre fire burns into the forest, well into the adjacent gulch to the south of Ekahanui as well as into the lower reaches of Ekahanui Gulch itself. • 2007: Most restoration and active management by TNC stops due to staff reductions. • 2008: Subunit II fence completed. • 2009: James Campbell Co. sells Honouliuli Preserve to The Trust for Public Land with goal of eventual transfer to the State of Hawaii. 2009 Makua and Oahu Implementation Plan Status Report 26 Chapter 1 Ecosystem Management 1.4.1.3 Ungulate Control Identified Ungulate Threats: Pigs Threat Level: High Primary Objective: • Maintain Subunit I and II as pig free. • Complete the construction of Subunit III and IV. Strategy: • Maintain Subunit I and II as pig free by maintaining fences. • Volunteer hunters were used initially to eliminate the majority of the pigs. • Snares are now employed in Subunit II to get the last of the animals and trapping will soon commence. Monitoring Objectives: • Conduct fence checks and read transects quarterly. GPS and mark the fence at ten meter intervals so that the fence will be one large transect. • Monitor for pig sign while conducting other management actions in the fence. Management Responses: • If any pig activity is detected within the fenced unit, implement hunting and/or trapping/snaring program. • When DOFAW takes over the management of Honouliuli, OANRP will fully support the institution of a hunting program to help reduce the amount of pressure from pigs on fences. Fence Completions: • Subunits III and IV are scheduled to be completed in 2013, but III should be completed by 2010. Maintenance Issues: • There is a perimeter fence around Subunit I and II. The major threats to the perimeter fence include fallen trees and vandalism. There are no “major” gulch crossings but rather three smaller crossings that have potential to carry a large amount of debris. Special emphasis will be placed on checking the fence after extreme weather events. There have been relatively few incidences of vandalism in the past. Ungulate Control Actions: Year Action Quarter MIP YEAR 6 • Check MU fence for breaches, maintain integrity of fence • 1-4 Oct 2009-Sept 2010 • Install two 500m transects within the fence • 1 • Clear and herbicide grassy sections of fence to maintain ability to • 1, 3 monitor MIP YEAR 7 • Check MU fence for breaches, maintain integrity of fence • 1-4 Oct 2010- Sept 2011 • Read ungulate transects quarterly • 1-4 through • Clear and herbicide grassy sections of fence to maintain ability to • 1, 3 MIP YEAR 10 Oct 2013- monitor Sept 2014 • Subunit III construction to be completed by 2010 , Subunit IV by 2013 • 1-4 2009 Makua and Oahu Implementation Plan Status Report 27 Chapter 1 Ecosystem Management 1.4.1.4 Weed Control Weed Control actions are divided into 4
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Manipulating Social Information to Promote Frugivory by Birds on a Hawaiian Island
    MANIPULATING SOCIAL INFORMATION TO PROMOTE FRUGIVORY BY BIRDS ON A HAWAIIAN ISLAND BY SEAN ERROLL MACDONALD THESIS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2019 Urbana, Illinois Adviser: Adjunct Assistant Professor Jinelle H. Sperry ABSTRACT Animals across a range of taxa use social information when foraging. Fruit-eating vertebrates are no exception and use social information to find fruit, which may ultimately affect plant populations via seed dispersal. In many systems, mutualistic relationships between fruiting plants and frugivores are critical to maintain ecosystem functioning, especially in the tropics. On the island of Oʻahu, Hawaiʻi, all native, fruit-eating birds are extinct and several plant species are experiencing reduced recruitment likely due to a lack of seed dispersal. Over the years, numerous bird species have been introduced to the island many of which are frugivorous. Yet, introduced birds may not recognize native fruits as a resource and social information may be needed for introduced frugivores to target and feed on native fruits. We investigated if social information, in the form of broadcasted bird vocalizations, of introduced birds could increase visitations and more importantly frugivory on focal fruiting plants. We also tested if the visitation rates to focal plants were influenced by conspecific and/or heterospecific vocalizations. We conducted 80 playback experiments at native and introduced fruiting plants, and compared responses to silent control periods. Four times as many frugivores were detected and 10 times more frugivory events were recorded at plants during periods of broadcast vocalizations compared to control periods.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation of Hawaiian Lobelioids — in Vitro and Molecular Studies
    CONSERVATION OF HAWAIIAN LOBELIOIDS — IN VITRO AND MOLECULAR STUDIES A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAW ATI IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN HORTICULTURE MAY 1996 By Gregory A. Koob Dissertation Committee: Yoneo Sagawa, Co-Chairperson Sterling Keeley, Co-Chairperson Adelheid Kuehnle Fred Rauch Clifford Smith We certify that we have read this dissertation and that, in our opinion, it is satisfactory in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Horticulture. DISSERTATION COMMITTEE I (^Chairperson^ !^-Chairperson AkjJU^jA ■ UilU 11 © Copyright 1996 by Gregory A. Koob All Rights Reserved 111 Acknowledgments I would like to thank the staff and volunteers at the Harold L. Lyon Arboretum and the Lyon Arboretum Association for their support of the in vitro research. The staff of the National Tropical Botanical Garden, the State of Hawai'i Division of Forestry and Wildlife, the Nature Conservancy of Hawai'i, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, John Obata, and Rick Palmer are appreciated for supplying plant material. Partial funding was supplied by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the State of Hawai'i Division of Forestry and Wildlife, the Center for Plant Conservation, the University of Hawai'i Foundation, and Sigma Xi Grants-in-Aid of Research. Thank you to Dave Lorence, Kay Lynch, Loyal Mehrhoff, Carol Nakamura, John Obata, Rick Palmer, Joshlyn Sands, and Alvin Yoshinaga for information used in this report. Special thanks to Sterling Keeley for the use of her lab and supplies and support for the RAPDs work and to Yoneo Sagawa for his knowledgeable support of the in vitro research.
    [Show full text]
  • Is Recovery Outline For
    ______________________________________________________________________ U.S.Is Fish & Wildlife Service Recovery Outline for the Island of Oʻahu July 2018 Scientific Name/ Common Name PLANTS ANIMALS Bidens amplectens/ Ko‘oko‘olau Hylaeus kuakea/ Hawaiian yellow-faced bee Cyanea calycina/ Hāhā Hylaeus mana/ Hawaiian yellow-faced bee Cyanea lanceolata/ Hāhā Megalagrion nigrohamatum nigrolineatum/ Cyanea purpurellifolia/ Hāhā Blackline Hawaiian damselfly Cyrtandra gracilis/ Ha‘iwale Megalagrion leptodemas/ Crimson Hawaiian Cyrtandra kaulantha/ Ha‘iwale damselfly Cyrtandra sessilis/ Ha‘iwale Megalagrion oceanicum/ Oceanic Hawaiian Cyrtandra waiolani/ Ha‘iwale damselfly Doryopteris takeuchii/ No common name Korthalsella degeneri/ Hulumoa Melicope christophersenii/ Alani Melicope hiiakae/ Alani Melicope makahae/ Alani Platydesma cornuta var. cornuta/ No common name Platydesma cornuta var. decurrens/ No common name Pleomele forbesii/ Hala pepe Polyscias lydgatei/ No common name Pritchardia bakeri/ Baker’s Loulu Psychotria hexandra subsp. oahuensis/ Kōpiko Pteralyxia macrocarpa/ Kaulu Stenogyne kaalae subsp. sherffii/ No common name Zanthoxylum oahuense/ Mānele Recovery Outline for the Island of Oʻahu • 2018 Listing Status and Date Endangered; September 18, 2012 (77 FR 57648) and September 30, 2015 (80 FR 58820) Lead Agency/Region U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 1 Lead Field Office Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office 300 Ala Moana Boulevard, Room 3-122, Honolulu, Hawaiʻi 96850, (808) 792–9400 Purpose of the Recovery Outline: This document lays out a preliminary course of action for the survival and recovery of 20 plants and 3 damselflies endemic to the island of Oʻahu, all of which were listed endangered under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) in 2012; and 2 plants and 2 Hawaiian yellow-faced bees also endemic to the island of Oʻahu, listed as endangered under the ESA in 2016 (USFWS 2012b, 2016b).
    [Show full text]
  • *Wagner Et Al. --Intro
    NUMBER 60, 58 pages 15 September 1999 BISHOP MUSEUM OCCASIONAL PAPERS HAWAIIAN VASCULAR PLANTS AT RISK: 1999 WARREN L. WAGNER, MARIE M. BRUEGMANN, DERRAL M. HERBST, AND JOEL Q.C. LAU BISHOP MUSEUM PRESS HONOLULU Printed on recycled paper Cover illustration: Lobelia gloria-montis Rock, an endemic lobeliad from Maui. [From Wagner et al., 1990, Manual of flowering plants of Hawai‘i, pl. 57.] A SPECIAL PUBLICATION OF THE RECORDS OF THE HAWAII BIOLOGICAL SURVEY FOR 1998 Research publications of Bishop Museum are issued irregularly in the RESEARCH following active series: • Bishop Museum Occasional Papers. A series of short papers PUBLICATIONS OF describing original research in the natural and cultural sciences. Publications containing larger, monographic works are issued in BISHOP MUSEUM four areas: • Bishop Museum Bulletins in Anthropology • Bishop Museum Bulletins in Botany • Bishop Museum Bulletins in Entomology • Bishop Museum Bulletins in Zoology Numbering by volume of Occasional Papers ceased with volume 31. Each Occasional Paper now has its own individual number starting with Number 32. Each paper is separately paginated. The Museum also publishes Bishop Museum Technical Reports, a series containing information relative to scholarly research and collections activities. Issue is authorized by the Museum’s Scientific Publications Committee, but manuscripts do not necessarily receive peer review and are not intended as formal publications. Institutions and individuals may subscribe to any of the above or pur- chase separate publications from Bishop Museum Press, 1525 Bernice Street, Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96817-0916, USA. Phone: (808) 848-4135; fax: (808) 841-8968; email: [email protected]. Institutional libraries interested in exchanging publications should write to: Library Exchange Program, Bishop Museum Library, 1525 Bernice Street, Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96817-0916, USA; fax: (808) 848-4133; email: [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • Kaluaa and Waieli
    Chapter 1 Ecosystem Management 1.2 ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION MANAGEMENT UNIT PLANS The Ecosystem Management Unit Plans (ERMUPs) included here follow the same format as ERMUPs included in the 2010 Status Report for the MIP and OIP. Each plan includes a summary of rare resources as well as a discussion of all threats to the MU. Each plan includes a table of proposed actions at the end of the document. The ERMUPs are designed to be stand-alone, technical documents which guide OARNP field crews. Some repetitive verbiage is intentional. 1.2.1 Kaluaa and Waieli Ecosystem Restoration Management Unit Plan MIP Year 8-12, Oct. 2011 – Sept. 2016 MU: Kaluaa and Waieli Overall MIP Management Goals: Form a stable, native-dominated matrix of plant communities which support stable populations of IP taxa. Control ungulate, rodent, arthropod, slug, snail, fire, and weed threats to support stable populations of IP taxa. Implement control methods by 2014. 1.2.1.1 Background Information Location: Southern Waianae Mountains Land Owner: State of Hawaii Land Manager: U.S. Army Acreage: 154 acres Elevation Range: 1,800-2,883ft Description: The Kaluaa and Waieli MU is located in the Honouliuli Forest Reserve. The area is accessed via dirt roads through agricultural lands. The unit can be accessed either from the south through Actus Property and the QTR-2 gate or via South Range access roads from Kolekole Pass Road. There is one landing zone which is used to access the portion of the MU near Puu Hapapa. Terrain within the Kaluaa and Waieli MU is varied ranging from gradual slopes to vertical cliffs.
    [Show full text]
  • Co-Extinction of Mutualistic Species – an Analysis of Ornithophilous Angiosperms in New Zealand
    DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES CO-EXTINCTION OF MUTUALISTIC SPECIES An analysis of ornithophilous angiosperms in New Zealand Sandra Palmqvist Degree project for Master of Science (120 hec) with a major in Environmental Science ES2500 Examination Course in Environmental Science, 30 hec Second cycle Semester/year: Spring 2021 Supervisor: Søren Faurby - Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences Examiner: Johan Uddling - Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences “Tui. Adult feeding on flax nectar, showing pollen rubbing onto forehead. Dunedin, December 2008. Image © Craig McKenzie by Craig McKenzie.” http://nzbirdsonline.org.nz/sites/all/files/1200543Tui2.jpg Table of Contents Abstract: Co-extinction of mutualistic species – An analysis of ornithophilous angiosperms in New Zealand ..................................................................................................... 1 Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Samutrotning av mutualistiska arter – En analys av fågelpollinerade angiospermer i New Zealand ................................................................... 3 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 5 2. Material and methods ............................................................................................................... 7 2.1 List of plant species, flower colours and conservation status ....................................... 7 2.1.1 Flower Colours .............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Flora of Australia, Volume 46, Iridaceae to Dioscoreaceae
    FLORA OF AUSTRALIA Volume 46 Iridaceae to Dioscoreaceae This volume was published before the Commonwealth Government moved to Creative Commons Licensing. © Commonwealth of Australia 1986. This work is copyright. You may download, display, print and reproduce this material in unaltered form only (retaining this notice) for your personal, non-commercial use or use within your organisation. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced or distributed by any process or stored in any retrieval system or data base without prior written permission from the copyright holder. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to: [email protected] FLORA OF AUSTRALIA The nine families in this volume of the Flora of Australia are Iridaceae, Aloeaceae, Agavaceae, Xanthorrhoeaceae, Hanguan- aceae, Taccaceae, Stemonaceae, Smilacaceae and Dioscoreaceae. The Xanthorrhoeaceae has the largest representation with 10 genera and 99 species. Most are endemic with a few species of Lomandra and Romnalda extending to neighbouring islands. The family includes the spectacular blackboys and grass-trees. The Iridaceae is largely represented by naturalised species with 52 of the 78 species being introduced. Many of the introductions are ornamentals and several have become serious weeds. Patersonia is the largest genus with all 17 species endemic. Some of these are cultivated as ornamentals. The Dioscoreaccae is a family of economic significance, particularly in the old world tropics where some species are cultivated or collected for their tubers and bulbils. In Australia there are 5 species, one of which is a recent introduction. The endemic and native species, commonly known as yams, are traditionally eaten by the Aborigines.
    [Show full text]
  • Department of Defense Legacy Resource Management Program
    Department of Defense Legacy Resource Management Program Project 07-339 Predator-proof Fencing for Invasive Species Control in Hawaii: A Comprehensive Prioritization and Implementation Plan to protect native species Bradford S. Keitt, Island Conservation 31 January 2008 Predator-proof Fencing for Invasive Species Control in Hawaii: A Comprehensive Prioritization and Implementation Plan to protect native species Prepared by: Dr. Eric VanderWerf and Lindsay Young, Pacific Rim Conservation, Honolulu, Hawaii; and Brad Keitt, Island Conservation, Santa Cruz, CA Protecting Native Species in Hawaii with Predator Proof Fencing Island Conservation TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary.........................................................................3 Background......................................................................................4 Prioritization Process and Site Selection .........................................6 Site Visits.........................................................................................9 Implementation Plans for Selected Sites: 1. PTA Solanum incompletum ...........................................11 2. Kahanahaiki ...................................................................16 3. Niulii Ponds ...................................................................23 4. Waieli Bench..................................................................27 Maintenance of Pest Proof Fences.................................................33 Permits and Compliance Documentation.......................................34
    [Show full text]
  • What Is the Evidence That Invasive Species Are a Significant Contributor to the Decline Or Loss of Threatened Species? Philip D
    Invasive Species Systematic Review, March 2015 What is the evidence that invasive species are a significant contributor to the decline or loss of threatened species? Philip D. Roberts, Hilda Diaz-Soltero, David J. Hemming, Martin J. Parr, Richard H. Shaw, Nicola Wakefield, Holly J. Wright, Arne B.R. Witt www.cabi.org KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE Contents Contents .................................................................................................................................. 1 Abstract .................................................................................................................................... 3 Keywords ................................................................................................................................. 4 Definitions ................................................................................................................................ 4 Background .............................................................................................................................. 5 Objective of the review ............................................................................................................ 7 The primary review question: ....................................................................................... 7 Secondary question 1: ................................................................................................. 7 Secondary question 2: ................................................................................................. 7 Methods
    [Show full text]
  • Notice of Intent to Sue for Violations of the Endangered Species Act Concerning Registration of Pesticide Products Containing Malathion
    March 20, 2018 Sent via Email and Certified Mail Return Receipt Requested Scott Pruitt, Administrator U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Ariel Rios Building 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. Mail Code: 1101A Washington, DC 20460 [email protected] Ryan Zinke, Secretary of the Interior Greg Sheehan, Acting Director U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1849 C Street, NW 1849 C Street, NW Washington, DC 20240 Washington, DC 20240 [email protected] [email protected] Wilbur L. Ross, Secretary of Commerce Chris Oliver, Assistant Administrator U.S. Department of Commerce NOAA Fisheries 1401 Constitution Ave., NW 1315 East-West Highway Washington, DC 20230 Silver Spring, MD 20910 [email protected] [email protected] Re: Notice of Intent to Sue for Violations of the Endangered Species Act Concerning Registration of Pesticide Products Containing Malathion Dear Administrator Pruitt and Secretary Zinke: On behalf of the Center for Biological Diversity, Center for Environmental Health, and Californians for Pesticide Reform (collectively, “Center”), this letter provides notice of intent to sue the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (“FWS”) for violations of Sections 7 and 9 of the Endangered Species Act (“ESA”), 16 U.S.C § 1536, 1538 and the ESA Interagency Cooperation Regulations, 50 C.F.R. Part 402. This notice is provided pursuant to Section 11(g) of the ESA, 16 U.S.C. § 1540(g). Specifically, EPA is in violation of ESA Section 7(a)(2), 16 U.S.C. § 1536(a)(2), Section 7(d), 16 U.S.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Conserving North America's Threatened Plants
    Conserving North America’s Threatened Plants Progress report on Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation Conserving North America’s Threatened Plants Progress report on Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation By Andrea Kramer, Abby Hird, Kirsty Shaw, Michael Dosmann, and Ray Mims January 2011 Recommended ciTaTion: Kramer, A., A. Hird, K. Shaw, M. Dosmann, and R. Mims. 2011. Conserving North America’s Threatened Plants: Progress report on Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation . BoTanic Gardens ConservaTion InTernaTional U.S. Published by BoTanic Gardens ConservaTion InTernaTional U.S. 1000 Lake Cook Road Glencoe, IL 60022 USA www.bgci.org/usa Design: John Morgan, [email protected] Contents Acknowledgements . .3 Foreword . .4 Executive Summary . .5 Chapter 1. The North American Flora . .6 1.1 North America’s plant diversity . .7 1.2 Threats to North America’s plant diversity . .7 1.3 Conservation status and protection of North America’s plants . .8 1.3.1 Regional conservaTion sTaTus and naTional proTecTion . .9 1.3.2 Global conservaTion sTaTus and proTecTion . .10 1.4 Integrated plant conservation . .11 1.4.1 In situ conservaTion . .11 1.4.2 Ex situ collecTions and conservaTion applicaTions . .12 1.4.3 ParameTers of ex situ collecTions for conservaTion . .16 1.5 Global perspective and work on ex situ conservation . .18 1.5.1 Global STraTegy for PlanT ConservaTion, TargeT 8 . .18 Chapter 2. North American Collections Assessment . .19 2.1 Background . .19 2.2 Methodology . .19 2.2.1 Compiling lisTs of ThreaTened NorTh American Taxa .
    [Show full text]
  • Ecosystem Restoration Management Unit Plan
    Appendix 3-1 Ekahanui Ecosystem Restoration Management Unit Plan Ecosystem Restoration Management Plan MIP Year 14-18, Oct. 2017 – Sept. 2022 OIP Year 11-16, Oct. 2017 – Sept. 2022 MU: Ekahanui, Ekahanui No MU, Huliwai, Huliwai no MU Overall MIP Management Goals: • Form a stable, native-dominated matrix of plant communities which support stable populations of IP taxa. • Control ungulate, rodent, arthropod, slug, snail, fire, and weed threats to support stable populations of IP taxa. Background Information Location: Southern Waianae Mountains Land Owner: State of Hawaii Land Managers: DOFAW (State Forest Reserve) Acreage: 216-acres Elevation Range: 1800-3127 ft. Description: Ekahanui MU is in the Southern Windward Waianae Mountains. Puu Kaua is at the apex of many sub drainages that make up Ekahanui. The summit of Puu Kaua is 3127 ft. high. Three major drainages are encompassed in the MU. Overall the area is characterized by steep vegetated slopes and cliffs, especially at higher elevations. Much of the MU is dominated by alien vegetation. There are only small pockets of native vegetation at the back of the gulches and at higher elevation worth of intensive management. The alien dominated areas were included in the MU boundary to ensure management options for the Oahu Elepaio, Chasiempis sandwichensis ibidis. Most of this alien dominated area fenced for Elepaio management falls into the Subunit II fence. The MU is accessed via the Kunia road through the Kunia Loa development in the South. Huliwai MU is also located in the Southern Windward Waianae Mountains, just 1 mile north of Ekahanui by way of the contour trail.
    [Show full text]