Formations Ou Par La Finesse De Leurs Analyses

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Formations Ou Par La Finesse De Leurs Analyses Nicole Chevillard A LG ERIE : L’APRES GUERRE CIVILE Evaluer les chances de paix et anticiper la croissance - JUIN 1995 - Cartes Dominique Asselot Imprimé par Copies Conformes N° ISSN NSE: 0244 - 4623 Copyright 1995. Tous droits réservés. Page 2 ) Nord Sud Export ne saurait assez remercier tous ceux, bien souvent anonymes par nécessité, qui ont contribué à la réalisation de cette étude, que ce soit par la qualité de leurs informations ou par la finesse de leurs analyses. Nous pensons, en tout premier lieu, à la contribution inestimable de Monsieur Ghazi Hidouci. ancien ministre algérien de l'Economie (1989 - 1991), qui nous a permis d'accéder aux chiffres clés, de les comprendre dans leur cohérence d'ensemble, et qui a bien voulu démonter pour nous les inextricables mécanismes des prises de décision au sein des administrations algériennes. L'analyse des systèmes en place et du fonctionnement du régime, ainsi que l'interprétation des évènements récents, à la lumière du passé, lui doivent, aussi, toute leur pertinence. De même, toute notre gratitude va à Omar Benderra, ancien dirigeant du CPA (Crédit Populaire d'Algérie), aussi bien pour sa connaissance approfondie des montages financiers, nourrie par une vaste expérience, que pour l'acuité de ses observations, dans tous les domaines. La contribution, enfin, de Kader Abderrahim, journaliste, a joué un rôle déterminant dans l'approfondissement de nos recherches et de nos enquêtes, surtout dans la partie politique qui serait, probablement, sans son apport, passée à côté de faits majeurs, décisifs, mais parfaitement dissimulés. Page 3 Quelques conseils pour les lecteurs... Plusieurs "niveaux" de lecture de cette étude ont été prévus pour que chacun puisse en prendre connaissance à son rythme, très rapidement ou plus posément, et puisse focaliser facilement son attention sur les sujets qui l'intéressent personnellement le plus. Le sommaire détaillé a été conçu pour donner une vue d'ensemble des thèmes abordés dans chaque chapitre ainsi que des tableaux et des cartes. Chaque chapitre se présente comme une étude particulière et peut donc être lu séparément des autres, étant entendu que les points importants expliqués dans les autres chapitres sont mentionnés par des renvois. Les principaux sujets abordés dans le texte sont indiqués par des sous-titres facilement lisibles lors d'une lecture rapide et les points majeurs sont imprimés en caractères gras. Les retraits, à l'inverse, permettent d'approfondir une question précise, que ce soit sur un homme, un évènement, une série statistique ou un aspect particulier de l'analyse... Des tableaux et des textes encadrés sont enfin proposés au lecteur pour lui présenter sous forme synthétique les chiffres, les textes clés ou des cas "vécus" significatifs. Page 4 ! SOMMAIRE SOMMAIRE........................................................................................... 5 TABLE DES ILLUSTRATIONS.......................................................... 7 RESUME INTRODUCTIF................................................................... 9 PARTIE POLITIQUE......................................................................... 13 L’EFFRITEMENT DU POUVOIR............................................................................... 15 L'ONDE DE CHOC DE 1988 ET LA DEMOCRATISATION AVORTEE.......................16 LA RESTAURATION BUREAUCRATIQUE...............................................................22 LE DIALOGUE INTERROMPU.................................................................................. 28 L’ARMEE ET LES SERVICES..................................................................................... 39 LA FORMATION D'UNE ARMEE DE METIER.......................................................... 41 LA REORGANISATION DES SERVICES....................................................................44 L'IRRESISTIBLE ASCENSION DE MOHAMED LAMARI..........................................49 RUPTURE DU DIALOGUE ET FRACTURES DE L'ARMEE.......................................58 LES ISLAMISTES ET LA SOCIETE............................................................................ 65 L'ISLAMISME EN PERSPECTIVE.............................................................................65 LA SOCIETE ALGERIENNE, REBELLE OU SOUMISE ? ...........................................76 Page 5 PARTIE ECONOMIQUE 87 DES MUTATIONS DELICATES SANS CESSE RETARDEES....................................89 LES OCCASIONS PERDUES...................................................................................... 90 ANALYSE DE L'APPLICATION DU PROGRAMME 1994/1995................................. 96 AMBITIONS ET FAIBLESSES DU PROGRAMME TRIENNAL 1995/98..................101 PETROLE ET GAZ QUEL AVENIR?.........................................................................111 L’INDEPENDANCE ALGERIENNE ET LES NATIONALISATIONS DE 1971.......... 113 L’ESSOR DU GAZ, SES CONFLITS ET LEUR IMPACT...........................................121 SONATRACH, LE MASTODONTE........................................................................... 127 LES PROJETS DE SONATRACH............................................................................... 137 L’AVENIR PETROLIER ET GAZIER DE L’ALGERIE.............................................. 144 L’AGRICULTURE ET LA CONTRAINTE ALIMENTAIRE...................................149 LA REFORME FONCIERE ET LA QUESTION DES TERRES.................................. 151 LA DEPENDANCE ALIMENTAIRE.......................................................................... 157 LES GRANDS AXES D’UNE POLITIQUE AGRICOLE COHERENTE..................... 163 LES PAYSANS ET LES MAQUIS............................................................................. 168 LA RESTRUCTURATION DES ENTREPRISES NATIONALES...............................171 SITUATION JURIDIQUE : DE LA CLARTE A LA CONFUSION..............................173 SITUATION ECONOMIQUE ACTUELLE DES ENTREPRISES PUBLIQUES.......... 179 EVALUATION PROVISOIRE DES "ASSAINISSEMENTS" EN COURS....................186 PERSPECTIVES ECONOMICO - POLITIQUES.........................................................189 CADRAGES MACRO ECONOMIQUES...................................... 191 SCENARIOS ECONOMIQUES ET POLITIQUES................................................. 199 Page 6 TABLE DES ILLUSTRATIONS CARTES CARTES 1 CARTE ADMINISTRATIVE.................................................................................................................................11 CARTES 2 CARTE DES RELIEFS.......................................................................................................................................... 64 CARTES 3 CARTE PETROLE................................................................................................................................................ 110 CARTES 4 CARTE G A Z ...........................................................................................................................................................120 CARTES 5 CARTE AGRICULTURE..................................................................................................................................... 148 TABLEAUX TABLEAU 1 INDICATEURS ECONOMIQUES ET FINANCIERS................................................................................93 TABLEAU 2 AGREGATS RESUMES (VA. CO. = VALEURS COURANTES EN DA M D S).................................94 TABLEAU 3 STRUCTURE DE LA DETTE ALGERIENNE (EN $ MDS).................................................................. 96 TABLEAU 4 STRUCTURE DE LA DETTE ALGERIENNE (EN %)............................................................................ 96 TABLEAU 5 PRINCIPAUX INDICATEURS DES PROGRAMMES DU FM I...........................................................102 TABLEAU 6 EVOLUTION STRUCTURELLE DES IMPORTATIONS (EN $ MDS)............................................. 107 TABLEAU 7 EVOLUTION DU BESOIN DE FINANCEMENTS (EN $M DS)...........................................................109 TABLEAU 8 ACCORDS D ’EXPLORATION CONCLUS A PARTIR DE LA LOI D'AOUT 8 6 ..........................124 TABLEAU 9 ACTIVITES D ’EXPLORATION (I).............................................................................................................129 TABLEAU 10 CONTRATS D'EXPLORATION ET DE PARTAGE SIGNES A PARTIR DE 1991..................... 133 TABLEAU 11 ACTIVITES D ’EXPLORATION (II)....................................................................................................... 134 TABLEAU 12 DECOUVERTES D’HYDROCARBURES EN 1992 (*) ET 1993...................................................... 134 TABLEAU 13 DECOUVERTE D’ANAKARDO DEPUIS FEVRIER 1993................................................................ 135 TABLEAU 14 FILIALES ET PARTICIPATION EN ALGERIE................................................................................... 139 TABLEAU 15 FILIALES ET PARTICIPATIONS A L’ETRANGER.......................................................................... 140 TABLEAU 16 EXPORTATIONS D'HYDROCARBURES DE L'ALGERIE..............................................................144 TABLEAU 17 EXPORTATIONS DE GA Z........................................................................................................................ 144 TABLEAU 18 RECETTES PREVISIONNELLES (EN S MDS)................................................................................... 145 TABLEAU 19 EMPLOIS DANS L’AGRICULTURE (EN MILLIER DE PERSONNES).........................................152 TABLEAU 20 REPARTITION DES TERRES CULTIVABLES (EN
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