DOCSLIB.ORG

Final Report: Environmental Injustice in Five Worcester Communities

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Final Report: Environmental Injustice in Five Worcester Communities Final Report: Environmental Injustice In Five Worcester Communities The Role of Income, Race, and Education on Unequal Exposure to Environmental Hazards An Interactive Qualifying Project submitted to the faculty of Worcester Polytechnic Institute in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science Submitted by: Michael Bowen Kathleen Hodge David Ilacqua Margaret McDonough Submitted to: Project Advisor: Prof. Corey Denenberg Dehner Project Sponsor: Kwabena Owusu-Ansah Program Director Environmental Health & Justice Regional Environmental Council December 11, 2012 ii Acknowledgements The authors would like to acknowledge a number of individuals who assisted us in our project. We would like to thank our sponsor, the Regional Environmental Council, especially Kwabena Owusa-Ansah, Director of the Environmental Health and Justice Program, and Benito Vega, Community Organizer and Outreach Coordinator for the Environmental Health and Justice Program, for their input and support. We would also like to thank the students of Seven Hills Charter School for participating in our focus groups. Finally we would like to thank our project advisor, Professor Corey Denenberg Dehner, for her feedback and assistance. iii Abstract Environmental injustice is the unequal distribution of hazards based on factors such as race or income. The Regional Environmental Council, a local non-profit organization, is currently applying for level 2 of the EPA’s CARE Grant. Our team mapped hazards and collected demographic information for communities of interest. Our findings support the existence of environmental injustice in Worcester, Massachusetts. iv Executive Summary The Environmental Justice Movement was founded on the principles of environmental equity, or the belief that every human being has the right to a safe environment. In the United States this principle is seldom realized. The Environmental Protection Agency defines environmental injustice as the fair treatment of people of all races, cultures, incomes, and educational levels with respect to the development and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies. Fair treatment implies that no population should be forced to shoulder a disproportionate share of exposure to the negative effects of pollution due to lack of political or economic strength (EPA). Air pollution, water pollution, and toxic waste sites are the primary obstacles to environmental justice. These hazards are found across the United States, but data suggests that they are concentrated in low income and high minority communities. It is this trend that leads to environmental injustice. Worcester, Massachusetts Consisting of almost 5,000 residents per square mile, Worcester is a densely populated city. With this many members of the community living so close together, environmental hazards pose a serious risk. Air, water, and land pollution in urban environments can lead to dramatic health problems such as asthma, allergies and lung disease, especially in children. However, these hazards are not distributed evenly throughout the city and appear to be concentrated in the city’s lowest income and highest minority neighborhoods. Project Goal & Project Objectives The goal of this project was to identify and document the environmental hazards present in the five designated communities in Worcester (Main South, Quinsigamond Village, Bell Hill, Oak Hill, and Piedmont) as well as to explore the challenges that these communities face in achieving environmental justice. The results of this project will be used by the Regional Environmental Council (REC) in their application for a Community Action for a Renewed Environment (CARE) Grant focused on, among other things, addressing the disproportionate distribution of environmental hazards. Our team worked with the REC from October to December 2012, and subsequent teams from Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) will continue to work with the REC until the submission of their grant application in October 2013. v As we were the first team to work with the REC, our main job was to identify environmental problems, whereas future teams will be more solution-oriented. The team identified several objectives that we planned to reach by the end of the project: 1. Document environmental hazards throughout the city of Worcester 2. Document demographic information, particularly race, income, and education level in the twelve Worcester communities studied 3. Compare number of hazards in each neighborhood to demographic makeup 4. Make recommendations to the REC/future project teams as to where more research is needed Methodology The team obtained a map of Worcester from City Hall. This map was used to display over 1000 environmental hazards we identified throughout the city. We color coded the hazard indicators placed on the map in order to distinguish between the different categories of hazards. The environmental hazards included DEP tier 1 sites, DEP tier 2 sites, active solid waste landfills, active soil/ash/coal landfills, recycling and transfer stations, Toxic Use Reduction Act (TURA) chemical waste sites, active compost sites (both commercial and municipal), incinerators, and small businesses or minor hazards. This visual representation will supplement the REC’s application for the CARE Grant, and may prove to be a useful tool for the REC’s future endeavors. In our project the term communities is defined by the individuals and environments which compose the sections of Worcester, Massachusetts known as Quinsigamond Village, Main South, Piedmont, Oak Hill, Bell Hill, Vernon Hill, West Tatnuck, Hadwen Park, Grafton Hill, Newton Square, Forest Grove, and Burncoat, respectively. These community boundaries are relatively well established and generally align with census tracts. It was our goal to determine if environmental injustice exists in the five assigned communities by comparing them to other neighborhoods within the same city. This comparison will make our sponsor’s application to the Environmental Protection Agency’s CARE grant even stronger. Demographics is defined as the statistical characteristics of these populations. The demographic variables we analyzed included percentage of minorities, income, and education level. Our sponsor chose these variables for us to analyze because the communities we investigated are known to be low income, high minority, and low education level communities. vi These common traits will make it easier to show a correlation between demographics and environmental hazards. The demographic variable of income is defined as the annual household income of the residents of these communities. Specifically, we considered the percentage of residents whose annual household income is less than $30,000 per year. The percentage of minorities is defined as the percentage of non-White residents of these communities. We also accounted for individuals of Hispanic or Latino descent because although not defined by the United States Census as a separate race, this ethnic group possesses unique characteristics that align better with our definition of non-White. The percentage of non-White residents is defined as the inverse of the percentage of White, non-Hispanic residents of each community. Education level is defined as the percentage of residents over the age of twenty-five who have completed high school (or equivalency). Findings and Recommendations After comparing the environmental hazard distribution of Worcester to the demographic makeup of the target communities, we came to the conclusion that environmental hazards are not distributed equally throughout the city. We also confirmed that race, income and education level are useful indicators for determining presence of environmental hazards. Based on our findings the team developed several recommendations for the REC and future project teams: Recommendation 1: Add to Compilation of Hazards Recommendation 2: Find Detailed Reports for Waste and Land Hazards Recommendation 3: Quantitative Analysis Using Density Figures Recommendation 4: Further Analysis into Quinsigamond Village Recommendation 5: Investigate the Indian Lake East, Downtown, and Green Island Neighborhoods Recommendation 6: Offer Solutions to Environmental Problems vii Table of Contents Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... ii Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... iii Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................... iv Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2: Literature Review .......................................................................................................... 3 2.1 (1960 – 1980): The Birth of the Environmental Justice Movement ..................................... 4 Environmental Decade ............................................................................................................ 4 National Environmental Policy Act ......................................................................................... 4 Clean Air Act ........................................................................................................................... 4 Water Pollution Control Act ...................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 304 340 0325 Exchange and Long Distance Business in West Virginia
    2OB9-I 1 :I6 4’-:51 703 - 696 - 2960 >* 304 340 0325 DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY UNITED STATES ARMY LEGAL SERVICES AGENCY $01 NORTH STUART STREET ARLINGTON, VIRGINIA 222034837 November 16,2009 REPLY To An‘ltNTION OR Regulatory Law Office U 4192 VnJ&1 on-03 3 Sandra Squire TZaJ a U Executive Secretary 2s Public Service Commission of West Virginia 201 Brooks Street, P.O.Box 812 Charleston, West Virginia 25323-0812 Subject: DoD/FEA’s Direct Testirnonv of Charles W. King In Re: Case No. 09-0871-T-PC- Frontier Communimtions Corporation, Citizens Telecommunications Company of West Virginin, dba Frontier Communications of West Virginia, Verizbn West Virginia hc., et al. Joint Petition for consent and approval of the transfer of Verizon’s local, exchange and long distance business in West Virginia to companies to be owned and controlled by Frontier Coimunioations. Dear Ms. Squire: Enolosed for filing in the above-captioned proceeding are the hard copy original and Twelve (12) copies of the Direct Testimony of Charles W. King 011 behalf ofthe United States Department of Defense and All Other Federal. Executive Agencies (collectively referred to herein as “DoDFEA”). A Certificate of Service is appended to this filing. Copies of this document are being sent in accord with the Certificate of Service. Inquiries to this office regarding this proceeding should be directed to the undersigned at (703) 696-1643, . Thank you for your cooperation and assistance in this matter. General Attorney Regulatory Law Office (JALS-RL) US. Army Litigation Center 901 N. Stuart Street, Suite 700 Arlington, Virginia 22203-1 837 Telephone: (703) 696-1643 stmhenmelniko ffmhada.
    [Show full text]
  • 1. Product Guide and General Regulations 1.1 Product Guide Information
    RI Product Guide Exchange and Network Services Part A Section 1 Page 1 Verizon New England Inc. 1. Product Guide and General Regulations 1.1 Product Guide Information Rates and charges for services explained herein are contained in Part F, Section 1.1. 1.1.1 Product Guide Structure A. The Product Guide is divided into parts which are structured alphabetically, (e.g., Parts A, B, C, etc.). Each part is subdivided into sections which are structured numerically, (e.g., Section 1, 2, 3, etc.). 1.1.2 Referencing A. The use of the masculine or feminine gender in this Product Guide should be construed as including both genders and not as a restriction on the basis of sex. 1.1.3 Trademarks and Service Marks A. Many of the designations used by Verizon to distinguish its products and services are claimed as trademarks or service marks. Rather than printing a trademark symbol with every occurrence of a trademarked or service marked product name as it is used throughout this Product Guide, let it be stated that when using the names of Verizon products and services herein, such use is in an editorial fashion. Following are the proper use names of Verizon trademarks and service marks that are referred to herein in terms of product and service offerings. 1. Registered Service Marks a. DIGIPATH® b. DOVPATH® c. ENHANCED FLEXGROW® d. FLEXPATH® e. INFOPATH® f. INTELLIDIAL® g. INTELLIPATH® h. PATHWAYS® i. PHONESMART® j. RINGMATE® k. SUPERPATH® l. VALUFLEX® 2. Service Marks a. INTELLISMART SM b. PULSENET SM c. WORKSMART SM 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Verizon New England Inc. Financial Statements As of December 31
    Verizon New England Inc. Financial Statements As of December 31, 2005 and 2004 and for the years then ended Verizon New England Inc. Index to Financial Statements Page Report of Independent Auditors – Ernst & Young LLP .................................................................... 2 Consolidated Statements of Income For the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004 ........................................................................ 3 Consolidated Balance Sheets – December 31, 2005 and 2004 ........................................................... 4 Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareowner’s Investment For the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004 ........................................................................ 6 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows For the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004 ........................................................................ 7 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements ...................................................................................... 8 1 Verizon New England Inc. REPORT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITORS To The Board of Directors and Shareowner Verizon New England Inc.: We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Verizon New England Inc. (the Company) as of December 31, 2005 and 2004, and the related statements of income, changes in shareowner’s investment and cash flows for the years then ended. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based
    [Show full text]
  • AGREEMENT Between Verizon New England Inc., D/B/A Verizon
    AGREEMENT between Verizon New England Inc., d/b/a Verizon Massachusetts and SPRINT Communications Company L.P. VERIZON-MA/SPRINT FINAL ICA 12/19/01 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTERCONNECTION AGREEMENT Page RECITALS ..................................................................................................................................1 DEFINITIONS..............................................................................................................................2 GENERAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS .................................................................................2 1.0 Interpretation and Construction.........................................................................2 2.0 Scope of the Agreement ...................................................................................3 3.0 Term of Agreement; Termination......................................................................3 4.0 Transitional Support [Intentionally Omitted].....................................................5 5.0 Good Faith Performance...................................................................................5 6.0 Section 252(i).....................................................................................................5 7.0 Responsibility of Each Party, Independent Contractor, Disclaimer of Agency.................................................................................................................6 8.0 Government Compliance...................................................................................6 9.0 Regulatory
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report
    FINANCIAL AND CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY PERFORMANCE 2012 ANNUAL REPORT THE WORL D’S BIGGEST CHALLEN GES DESERVE EVEN BIGGER SOLUTIONS. { POWERFUL ANSWERS } FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS $115.8 $33.4 $0.90 $2.20 $2.24 $1.975 $2.030 $110.9 $31.5 $0.85 $2.15 $1.925 $106.6 $29.8 $0.31 CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOWS REPORTED ADJUSTED DIVIDENDS REVENUES FROM OPERATING DILUTED EARNINGS DILUTED EARNINGS DECLARED PER (BILLIONS) ACTIVITIES PER SHARE PER SHARE SHARE (BILLIONS) (NON-GAAP) CORPORATE HIGHLIGHTS • $15.3 billion in free cash flow (non-GAAP) • 8.4% growth in wireless retail service revenue • 4.5% growth in operating revenues • 607,000 FiOS Internet subscriber net additions • 13.2% total shareholder return • 553,000 FiOS Video subscriber net additions • 3.0% annual dividend increase • 17.2% growth in FiOS revenue • 5.9 million wireless retail connection net additions • 6.3% growth in Enterprise Strategic Services revenue • 0.91% wireless retail postpaid churn Note: Prior-period amounts have been reclassified to reflect comparable results. See www.verizon.com/investor for reconciliations to U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for the non-GAAP financial measures included in this annual report. In keeping with Verizon’s commitment to protect the environment, this report was printed on paper certified by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC). By selecting FSC-certified paper, Verizon is making a difference by supporting responsible forest management practices. CHAIRMAN’S LETTER Dear Shareowner, 2012 was a year of accelerating momentum, for Verizon and the communications industry. The revolution in mobile, broadband and cloud networks picked up steam—continuing to disrupt and transform huge sectors of our society, from finance to entertainment to healthcare.
    [Show full text]
  • SMS/800 FUNCTIONS ISSUING CARRIERS Thomas Caldwell Vice
    THE BELL OPERATING COMPANIES TARIFF F.C.C. NO. 1 9th Revised Title Page 2 Cancels 8th Revised Title Page 2 SMS/800 FUNCTIONS ISSUING CARRIERS Thomas Caldwell T Vice President, Marketing & Sales T Verizon Communications Inc. One Verizon Way, 2nd Floor T Basking Ridge, NJ 07920 T For Verizon Delaware Inc. Verizon Maryland Inc. Verizon New England Inc. Verizon New Jersey Inc. Verizon New York Inc. Verizon Pennsylvania Inc. Verizon Virginia Inc. Verizon Washington DC Inc. Verizon West Virginia Inc. Kelly Boggs Manager – Pricing BellSouth Telecommunications, Inc. 675 West Peachtree St. N.E., Room 34S91, Atlanta, Georgia 30375 For the States of: Alabama Florida Georgia Kentucky Louisiana Mississippi North Carolina South Carolina Tennessee This page filed under Transmittal No. 29 T The names, titles and address of the tariff's Issuing Officers are located on Title Pages 2 through 4 Issued: May 31, 2006 Effective: June 15, 2006 THE BELL OPERATING COMPANIES TARIFF F.C.C. NO. 1 10th Revised Title Page 4 Cancels 9th Revised Title Page 4 SMS/800 FUNCTIONS ISSUING CARRIERS Patrick Doherty T Director – Access Regulatory T AT&T Inc. T Four SBC Plaza, Room 1921, Dallas, Texas 75202 T For Ameritech Operating Companies Nevada Bell Telephone Company Pacific Bell Telephone Company Southwestern Bell Telephone Company The Southern New England Telephone Company Susan S. Henson T Staff Advocate - Public Policy T on behalf of N Wendy M. Moser N Vice President - Public Policy N Qwest Corporation 1801 California Street, Room 4700, Denver, Colorado 80202 For the States of: Arizona Colorado Idaho Iowa Minnesota Montana Nebraska New Mexico North Dakota Oregon South Dakota Utah Washington Wyoming This page filed under Transmittal No.
    [Show full text]
  • Letter of Transmittal
    THIS DOCUMENT IS IMPORTANT AND REQUIRES YOUR IMMEDIATE ATTENTION. If you have any doubt as to the action to be taken, you should immediately consult your commercial bank, broker, dealer, trust company or other nominee. Letter of Transmittal VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS INC. OFFERS TO PURCHASE FOR CASH THE OUTSTANDING CERTIFICATED NOTES LISTED BELOW: VERIZON NEW ENGLAND INC. 7.875% DEBENTURES DUE 2029 (CUSIP: 644239AY1) AND GTE LLC 8.750% DEBENTURES DUE 2021 (CUSIP: 362320AT0). The Offers (as defined in the Offer to Purchase) for the Certificated Notes (as defined below) will expire at 11:59 p.m. (Eastern time) on November 21, 2019 unless extended or earlier terminated (such date and time with respect to an Offer, as the same may be extended with respect to such Offer, the “Expiration Date”). To be eligible to receive the applicable Total Consideration and the applicable Accrued Coupon Payment (as defined below), holders of the Certificated Notes must validly tender and not validly withdraw their Certificated Notes at or prior to the Expiration Date. Certificated Notes tendered for purchase may be withdrawn at any time at or prior to 11:59 p.m. (Eastern time) on November 21, 2019, unless extended or earlier terminated (such date and time with respect to an Offer, as the same may be extended, the “Withdrawal Date”), but not thereafter unless extended by Verizon. The Offers for Certificated Notes are being made upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Offer to Purchase and this Letter of Transmittal (each as defined below). Only Certificated Holders (as defined below) of Verizon New England Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Before the FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20554 in the Matter of ) ) Offer of Comparably Efficient ) Inter
    Before the FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20554 In the Matter of ) ) Offer of Comparably Efficient ) Interconnection to Providers of ) Enhanced Directory Assistance Service ) COMPARABLY EFFICIENT INTERCONNECTION PLAN I. Introduction and Summary The Verizon telephone companies (“Verizon”) hereby propose to offer comparably efficient interconnection (“CEI”) to competing providers of wholesale Enhanced Directory Assistance (“EDA”) Service.1 Verizon will comply fully with the nonstructural safeguards that apply to the offering of enhanced services on an integrated basis by the former Bell Operating Companies .2 One of these 1 This plan is being filed by the Verizon telephone companies that were formerly affiliates of Bell Atlantic Corporation and are identified in Attachment A. Other Verizon telephone companies that were formerly affiliates of GTE Corporation are not required to post a CEI plan before offering an enhanced service. 2 See Amendment of Section 64.702 of the Commission's Rules and Regulations, (Computer III), CC Docket No. 85-229, Phase I, 104 FCC 2d 958 (1986) (Phase I Order), recon., 2 FCC Rcd 3035 (1987), further recon., 3 FCC Rcd 1135 (1988) Reconsideration Order, second further recon., 4 FCC Rcd 5927 (1989) (Phase I Second Further Reconsideration), Phase I Order and Phase I Reconsideration Order vacated, California v. FCC, 905 F.2d 1217 (9th Cir. 1990); Phase II, 2 FCC Rcd 3072 (1987) (Phase II Order), recon., 3 FCC Rcd 5927 (1988) (Phase II Further Reconsideration Order), further recon., 4 FCC Rcd 5927 (1988) (Phase II Further Reconsideration Order), Phase II Order vacated, California v. FCC, 905 F.2d 1217; Computer III Remand Proceedings, 5 FCC Rcd 7719 (1990) (ONA Remand Order), recon., 7 FCC Rcd 909 (1992), pets.
    [Show full text]
  • 2021 Edelman Award Ceremony for Distinction in Practice
    2021 EDELMAN ogether, these awards demonstrate the power of advanced analytics at Intel, and its fundamental importance in our ability to deliver the technology AWARD Tleadership and reliable, top quality products the world needs and expects. CEREMONY — Kalani Ching, Intel Recognizing Distinction in the Practice of Analytics, Operations Research, and Management Science www.informs.org 2021 EDELMAN AWARD CEREMONY FOR DISTINCTION IN PRACTICE FRANZ EDELMAN AWARD Achievement in Advanced Analytics, Operations Research, & Management Science Emphasizing Beneficial Impact DANIEL H. WAGNER PRIZE Excellence in Operations Research Practice Emphasizing Innovative Methods and Clear Exposition UPS GEORGE D. SMITH PRIZE Strengthening Ties Between Academia & Industry Emphasizing Effective Academic Preparation INFORMS PRIZE Sustained Integration of Operations Research Emphasizing Long-Term, Multiproject Success The Edelman Award Ceremony 49 OCP 5 Ceremony Program 53 United Nations World Food Programme 6 Salute our Sponsors The Wagner Prize 7 Co-host—Dionne Aleman 57 Daniel H. Wagner Prize History 8 Co-host—Zahir Balaporia, CAP 58 2020 Wagner Prize Finalists Analytics and Operations Research Today 59 2020 Wagner Prize Winner 11 2021 Edelman Program Notes—Stephen Graves UPS George D. Smith Prize 14 Enriching the Lives of Every 63 UPS George D. Smith Prize History Person on Earth—Kalani Ching 65 2021 Smith Prize Competition 16 Operations Research: Billions and Billions of Benefits!—Jeffrey M. Alden 65 Smith Prize Past Winners TABLE OF Franz Edelman Award INFORMS Prize 19 Recognizing and Rewarding Real 71 INFORMS Prize History Achievement in O.R. and Analytics 71 INFORMS Prize Winners 20 The Finest Step Forward: Journey CONTENTS to the Franz Edelman Award 72 INFORMS Prize Criteria 23 Edelman First-Place Award Recipients 73 2021 INFORMS Prize Winner 26 The 2021 Selection Committee & Verifiers INFORMS 27 The 2021 Coaches & Judges 75 About INFORMS 29 The Edelman Laureates 76 Advancing the Practice of O.R.
    [Show full text]
  • Amendment No. 3 to the Interconnection
    AMENDMENT NO. 3 TO THE INTERCONNECTION AGREEMENT BETWEEN VERIZON NEW ENGLAND INC., D/B/A VERIZON MASSACHUSETTS AND CELLCO PARTNERSHIP D/B/A VERIZON WIRELESS This Amendment No. 3 (this “Amendment”) shall be deemed effective on June 15, 2012 (the “Amendment Effective Date”), by and between Verizon New England Inc., d/b/a Verizon Massachusetts (“Verizon”), a New York corporation with offices at 125 High Street - Oliver Tower, 7th Floor, Boston, MA 02110, and Cellco Partnership d/b/a Verizon Wireless (“VZW” ), a Delaware general partnership with offices at One Verizon Way, Basking Ridge, NJ 07920 (Verizon and VZW may be hereinafter referred to individually, as a "Party" and collectively as the "Parties"). This Amendment only covers the services addressed herein that Verizon provides in its operating territory in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts (the “State”). WITNESSETH: WHEREAS, Verizon and VZW are Parties to an interconnection agreement under Sections 251 and 252 of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended (the “Act”) dated May 24, 2001 (the "Agreement"); and WHEREAS, on November 18, 2011, in the Report and Order, In the Matter of Connect America Fund, et al., 10-90, et al., FCC 11-161 (rel. Nov. 18, 2011) (the “Order”), as modified by the Order On Reconsideration in the same docket (rel. Dec. 23, 2011) (the “Order on Reconsideration”), the Federal Communications Commission provided rules for (among other things) intercarrier compensation for traffic exchanged between Commercial Mobile Radio Service (“CMRS”) providers and Local Exchange
    [Show full text]
  • Les Secrets De La Réserve Fédérale, La " London Connection "
    EUSTACE MULLINS LES SECRETS DE LA RESERVE FEDERALE LA «LONDON CONNECTION» Dédié à deux des plus brillants universitaires du 20è siècle, GEORGE STIMPSON et EZRA POUND, qui ont généreusement apporté leur vaste connaissance à un jeune écrivain afin de le guider dans un domaine qu'il n'aurait su gérer seul. Préface : Michel Drac Traduction, notes et biographies : Jean-François Goulon REMERCIEMENTS Je souhaite remercier mes anciens collègues et membres du personnel de la bibliothèque du Congrès [des États-Unis] qui ont eu la gentillesse de m'aider et dont la coopération et les suggestions ont rendu possibles les premières versions de cet ouvrage. Je souhaite aussi remercier le personnel de la Newberry Library, à Chicago, de la Bibliothèque Publique de New York City, de l'Alderman Library de l'Université de Virginie, de la McCormick Library de Washington et de l'Uni- versité de Lee, à Lexington en Virginie, pour leur aide inestimable dans l'achèvement de trente années de recherche supplémentaire pour ce travail de référence sur le Système de la Réserve Fédérale. A PROPOS DE L'AUTEUR Eustace Mullins était un ancien combattant de l’US Air Force, qui a effectué trente-huit mois de service actif durant la Deuxième Guerre Mondiale. Né en Virginie, il a fait ses études à Washington et à l'Université de Lee, à l'Université de New York, à l'Université de l'Ohio, à l'Université du Dakota du Nord, à la Escuelas des Bellas Artes (San Miguel de Al- lende, Mexico) et à l'Institut des Arts Contemporains à Washington-DC.
    [Show full text]
  • The Petroleum Industry: Mergers, Structural Change, and Antitrust
    Federal Trade Commission TIMOTHY J. MURIS Chairman MOZELLE W. THOMPSON Commissioner ORSON SWINDLE Commissioner THOMAS B. LEARY Commissioner PAMELA JONES HARBOUR Commissioner Bureau of Economics Luke M. Froeb Director Mark W. Frankena Deputy Director for Antitrust Paul A. Pautler Deputy Director for Consumer Protection Timothy A. Deyak Associate Director for Competition Analysis Pauline M. Ippolito Associate Director for Special Projects Robert D. Brogan Assistant Director for Antitrust Louis Silvia Assistant Director for Antitrust Michael G. Vita Assistant Director for Antitrust Denis A. Breen Assistant Director for Economic Policy Analysis Gerard R. Butters Assistant Director for Consumer Protection This is a report of the Bureau of Economics of the Federal Trade Commission. The views expressed in this report are those of the staff and do not necessarily represent the views of the Federal Trade Commission or any individual Commissioner. The Commission has voted to authorize staff to publish this report. Acknowledgments This report was prepared by the Bureau of Economics under the supervision of David T. Scheffman, former Director; Mary T. Coleman, former Deputy Director and Mark Frankena, Deputy Director; and Louis Silvia, Assistant Director. Bureau economists who researched and drafted this report were Jay Creswell, Jeffrey Fischer, Daniel Gaynor, Geary Gessler, Christopher Taylor, and Charlotte Wojcik. Bureau Research Analysts who worked on this project were Madeleine McChesney, Joseph Remy, Michael Madigan, Paul Golaszewski, Matthew Tschetter, Ryan Toone, Karl Kindler, Steve Touhy, and Louise Sayers. Bureau of Economics staff also acknowledge the review of drafts and many helpful comments and suggestions from members of the staff of the Bureau of Competition, in particular Phillip L.
    [Show full text]