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Preure-Thèse.Pdf \ ÉCOLE NATIONALE SUPÉRIEURE UNIVERSITÉ DE BOURGOGNE DU PÉTROLE ET DES MOTEURS Faculté de Science Économique : Centre Économie et Gestion et de Gestion .j J 1 THÈSE PRESENTEE POUR L'OBTENTION DU DOCTORAT EN SCIENCES ÉCONOMIQUES PAR Mourad PREURE Sujet de la thèse : L'ÉCONOMIE MONDIALE DES HYDROCARBURES ET LA STRATÉGIE D'UN GROUPE PÉTROLIER ISSU D'UN PAYS PRODUCTEUR Cas cités : SONATRACH (Algérie), KPC (Koweït), PEMEX (Mexique), PDVSA (Venezuela) Tome 1 Soutenue le 1er décembre 1992 devant le jury composé de : Directeur de thèse M. J.M. HURIOT. Professeur à l'Université de Bourgogne Rapporteurs MM. P. LEPRINCE. Directeur de la Mission Information Documentation. IFP N. SARKIS, Directeur du Centre Arabe d'Études Pétrolières Suffragant.s MM. A. BENACHENOU. Professeur à l'Université d'Alger A. CHAUVEL Directeur Adjoint à la Direction Économie et Documentai ion. IFP J. PERREUR. Professeur a l'Université de Bourgogne J •--~Ш£ . ÉCOLE NATIONALE SUPÉRIEURE UNIVERSITÉ DE BOURGOGNE DU PÉTROLE ET DES MOTEURS Faculté de Science Économique Centre Économie et Gestion et de Gestion THESE PRESENTEE POUR LOBTENTION DU DOCTORAT EN SCIENCES ÉCONOMIQUES PAR Mourad PREURE Sujet de la thèse : L'ÉCONOMIE MONDIALE DES HYDROCARBURES ET LA STRATÉGIE D'UN GROUPE PÉTROLIER ISSU D'UN PAYS PRODUCTEUR Cas cités : SONATRACH (Algérie), KPC (Koweït), PEMEX (Mexique), PDVSA (Venezuela) Tome 1 Soutenue le 1er décembre 1992 devant le jury composé de : Directeur de thèse M. J.M. HURIOT, Professeur à l'Université de Bourgogne Rapporteurs MM. P. LEPRINCE, Directeur de la Mission Information Documentation. IFP N. SARKIS, Directeur du Centre Arabe d'Études Pétrolières Sitffragants MM. A. BENACHENOU, Professeur à l'Université d'Alger A. CHAUVEL. Directeur Adjoint à la Direction Économie et Documentation, IFP J. PERREUR. Professeur à l'Université de Bourgogne Distributeur exclusif Editions Technip, 27 rue Ginoux, 75737 PARIS CEDEX 15 Эдав* -- Cette thèse est dédiée à la mémoire de mon grand-père Chcikh-El-Missoum qui m'a élevé et enseigné l'amour du savoir et le respect de la science, elle est dédiée aux mémoires de ma grand-mère Yemma-Hanifa et de ma tante Khadidja. A ma mère, à tous ceux que j'aime. "Si tu veux construire un bateau ne te contente pas de faire venir des charpentiers et de leur donner des ordres, donnes leur le goût de l'aventure et de la mer infinie." Antoine de Saint Exupéry \ "L'homme est contraint à l'action, car ne pas agir est encore une manière d"agir. L'action est une aventure, car elle s'accompagne presque sûrement de chances et de risques, d'espérances et de craintes. Cette aventure doit être calculée, pour permettre de savoir quel parti "étouffe" l'autre. (...) Il n'y a pas de vie sans raisons de vivre. Ces raisons, l'homme ne peut plus les trouver dans l'optimisme naïf qui sous-tendait le mythe du progrès. L'ambiguïté fondamentale de l'avenir est apparue et ne disparaîtra plus de l'horizon. Mais précisément cette ambiguïté ouvre une porte. Elle laisse espérer que quelque chose dépend de nous. Le remède au désarroi et à l'angoisse, c'est l'acceptation lucide des risques et des chances de l'aventure." Pierre Massé ''Le plan ou l'anti-hasard", Gallimard. Ратгз, 1965. lj| Remerciements Mes remerciements vont d'abord à l'entreprise SONATRACH qui m'a donné les moyens et la chance inestimable d'effectuer cette recherche. Je remercie monsieur le Directeur Général Adjoint Sekfali pour l'attention qu'il a sans cesse porté à mon travail et les encouragements qu'il ne m'a jamais ménagé. Je voudrai remercier également tous les responsables de la formation au sein de l'entreprise SONATRACH, parmi eux monsieur le Directeur Bouchouika et madame la Sous-Directrice Mostefaoui. Je voudrai dire toute ma gratitude et exprimer mes plus vifs remerciements à mon- sieur Alain Chauvcl mon directeur de recherche et mon aine dans la profession dont la gentillesse et la disponibilité m'ont été d'un constant secours. Ses critiques et ses orientations pertinentes ont été déterminantes pour la clarification du sujet et de la méthodologie de recherche, ses encouragements m'ont été d'un apport déterminant. Je voudrai remercier monsieur Denis Babusiaux, dont j'ai eu l'honneur d'être l'élève et qui a bien voulu assumer la responsabilité de ma recherche, pour son attention et son ак.л. Les orientations qu'il m'a donné et les critiques qu'il m'a formulé à un moment où le se jet était en maturation m'ont été d'un grand apport. Je remercie monsieur le pro- fesseu" Huriot de l'université de Bourgogne qui a bien voulu assumer la responsabilité de ma ;hèse. Je voudrai remercier monsieur le professeur AbdeHatif Benachenhou pour son attention, ses critiques et orientations sur le plan de la méthodologie ainsi que soil encouragement constant. Je remercie monsieur Pierre Lepriuce, Directeur à l'Institut Français du Pétrole, qui a bien voulu m'honorer en participant à mon jury de thèse. Je remercie monsieur Nicolas Sarkis. Directeur du Centre Arabe d'Etudes Pétrolières qui a bien voulu m'honorer en participant à mon jury de thèse. Je ne peut manquer de citer pour les remercier tous les membres du Département Eval- uation de l'Institut Français du Pétrole qui m'ont accueilli parmi eux tout au long de ma recherche, mon intégration dans ce service, facilitée par leurs qualités humaines m'a été extrêmement bénéfique. Parmi eux je voudrai rappeler l'intérêt pour mon travail de messieurs Claude Raimbault et Najib Benchecroun. leur disponibilité et leur aide efficace pour tout ce qui touche aux techniques quantitatives et à l'industrie du pétrole; monsieur Jacques Beaufils qui n'a jamais ménagé ses efforts pour me faire bénéficier de sa grande compétence en matière informatique enfin monsieur Michel Barraque pour 1 aide qu'il m'a apporté pour la compréhension des documents en langue espagnole. Je ne veux pas oublier de citer le personnel de secrétariat, mesdames Piment, Hamdi et Appolis dont je voudrai louer la gentillesse et l'efficacité. Je remercie monsieur Mustapha Mekideche. Directeur Général de l'Entreprise Na- tionalc d'Engineering pétrolier, pour son aide documentaire. Je voudrai remercier madame Zeynab Derbal pour toute l'aide documentaire qu'elle m'a fournie, elle s'est tant dépensée avec la compétence et le professionnalisme qu'on lui connait, son mérite est. si grand. Je remercie tout le personnel de la documentation de l'IFP pour l'aide qu'il m'a fournie avec gentillesse, diligence et efficacité. Je remercie monsieur Vil- lanueva de l'ambassade du Mexique à Paris pour la documentation qu'il a bien voulu me fournir ainsi que les recommandations qu'il m'a faites et les contacts qu'il m'a établi avec les services de la PEMEX. Je tiens à remercier mon ami Saïd Nachet de l'ENSPM pour toutes les critiques qu'il m"a formulé, sa précieuse aide bibliographique, son sou- tien, sa disponibilité et ses encouragements constants. Je remercie également madame Joséphine Bénitez-Morales de l'ENSPM pour toute l'aide qu'elle m'a apportée dans la compréhension des documents en langue espagnole. Je remercie chaleureusement tous mes collègues de la SONATRACH, notamment ceux de la Direction Etudes et Plani- tication, qui se sont senti d'une manière ou d'une autre concernés par mon aventure, qui m'ont prodigué des encouragements et aussi une aide documentaire et des conseils du plus grand intérêt. Que tous trouvent ici, ainsi que ceux qui m'ont aidé et que je n'ai pu citer, l'expression de ma gratitude et mes remerciements les plus sincères. v t L'université ainsi que toutes les institutions citées ci-après n'entendent apporter ni approbation ni improbation aux opin- ions émises dans cette thèse. Celles-ci engagent exclusivement la responsabilité de leur auteur. •'_ :-' - — SOMMAIRE Introduction générale 1ère PARTIE: L'ECONOMIE MONDIALE DES HYDROCARBURES. (EMH) Chapitre 1. L'évolution historique de l'économie mondiale des hydrocarbu- res et les relations entre les différents acteurs. Chapitre 2. Configuration générale de l'EMH et ses tendances actuelles 2ème PARTIE: LES HYDROCARBURES, LE DEVELOPPEMENT ET LA QUESTION DE LA MAITRISE TECHNOLOGIQUE Chapitre 3. Le secteur des hydrocarbures dans le développement national Chapitre 4. Le système productif des hydrocarbures et la question de la maîtrise technologique Chapitre 5. Le secteur public dans le développement industriel et tech- nologique. Quelques observations à partir du cas algérien 3ème PARTIE: DEVELOPPEMENT INDUSTRIEL ET TECHNOLOGIQUE ET STRATEGIE DE GROUPE PETROLIER Chapitre 6. Développement technologique et stratégie des groupes pétroliers issus des pays producteurs. (GPIPP) v^ Chapitre 7. Les stratégies industrielles des Groupes Pétroliers Issus des Pays Producteurs, les stratégies d'intégration nationale 4 - Chapitre 8. Les stratégies industrielles des GPIPP, les stratégies d'intégration internationale vers l'aval et de croissance externe Chapitre 9. Les stratégies technologiques, le développement d'une ingénie- rie nationale Chapitre 10. Les stratégies technologiques, l'information, la recherche / développement et l'innovation Chapitre 11. Les stratégies technologiques. Tendances technologiques et orientations actuelles de la recherche dans les hydrocarbures et les stratégies d'acteurs. Conclusion Générale PLAN DE LA THESE Tome 1 PAGES INTRODUCTION GENERALE. 15 PREMIERE PARTIE: L'ECONOMIE MONDIALE DES HYDROCARBURES CHAPITRE 1. L'EVOLUTION HISTORIQUE DE 20 L'ECONOMIE MONDIALE DES HYDROCARBU- RES ET LES RELATIONS ENTRE LES DIFFER- ENTS ACTEURS. 1.1 Introduction: Le point de départ. 20 1.2 L'évolution historique de l'économie mondiale des hydrocarbures 22 1.2.1 Introduction: Les étapes fondamentales. 1.2.1.1 Historique 1.2.1.2 L'étape actuelle et ses exigences. 1.2.2 Les grands repères dans cette histoire.
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