Author Index

Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-04119-6 - The Cambridge Handbook of Learner Corpus Research Edited by Sylviane Granger , Gaëtanelle Gilquin and Fanny Meunier Index More information

Author index

Aarts, B., 233 – 234 Baayen, R. H., 75 , 148 , 175 , 180 , 202 , 382 Aarts, J., 83 , 92 , 237 Babaii, E., 398 Abrahamsson, N., 341 Babbington, C., 334 Abuhakema, G., 149 Bachman, L. F., 542 Ackermann, K., 513 Back, J., 257 , 266 Ädel, A., 49 – 50 , 55 , 209 , 228 , 259 , 409 , 411 , Baddeley, A. D., 69 – 70 416 – 419 , 471 , 531 Bailey, S., 543 Adelman, A. S., 169 , 301 , 304 Baker, P., 219 , 221 – 222 , 228 , 256 , 471 Adolphs, S., 32 , 113 , 285 – 286 Ballier, N., 20, 111 , 129 Ahn, C., 610 – 611 Balogh, J., 594 Aijmer, K., 113 , 175 , 263 , 284 – 285 Bardovi-Harlig, K., 281 , 366 , 395 Alcaraz-Calero, J. M., 31 Barﬁ eld, A., 213 , 317 Aldabe, I., 538 Barker, F., 512 , 521 , 533 Alderson, J. C., 533 Barkhuizen, G., 135 , 156 , 314 , 488 Alexopoulou, T., 513 , 515 , 522 , 526 – 527 , 538 Barlow, M., 60 , 243 , 342 , 367 , 440 , 454 Allen, D., 13 Barni, M., 520 Alonso Ramos, M., 208 Baroni, M., 601 Alpaydin, E., 607 Barron, A., 426 Al-Rfou’, R., 606 Barth, I., 209 Alsop, S., 222 Bartkova, K., 130 Altenberg, B., 164 , 173 , 186 – 188 , 209 – 210 , 212 , Bartning, I., 241 , 248 , 250 , 390 – 392 260 , 275 , 416 , 418 Barzilay, R., 591 Amaral, L., 543 , 551 , 590 , 624 Bates, E., 185 Ambridge, B., 372 , 377 Bayley, R., 408 Andersen, G., 283 Beglar, D., 522 Andersen, Ø. E., 524 – 525 , 580 Behrens, H., 373 Anderson, D. R., 180 Bel, A., 314 Andreu Andrés, M. A., 13 Belz, J. A., 10 , 14 , 286 , 290 , 293 , 295 – 297 , 304 , Anthony, L., 38 , 187 , 209 , 414 , 454 383 , 387 , 399 , 446 , 448 , 450 , 454 , 463 , 498 Antoniadis, G., 497 Bereiter, C., 270 Arche, M. J., 133 Bergman, M., 397 Archer, D., 82 , 283 , 300 Bernardini, S., 448 Argamon, S., 605 Bernini, G., 316 Arnon, I., 64 , 75 , 77 Bernstein, J., 592 , 595 Artstein, R., 149 , 556 , 566 Best, C. T., 108 Ascher, A., 494 Bestgen, Y., 207 , 216 – 217 , 387 , 576 – 577 , Aston, G., 456 590 – 591 , 607 , 612 , 615 , 619 , 622 – 623 , 625 Athanasopoulos, P., 385 Bhat, S., 595 Atkins, S., 16 Bhatia, V. J., 256 , 419 Attali, Y., 589 Biber, D., 83 , 150 , 208 – 209 , 213 , 222 – 223 , 226 , Atwell, E., 10 , 136 237 , 252 , 267 , 277 – 278 , 349 , 361 , 408 , 414 , Austin, J. L., 282 433 , 465 , 467 , 470 – 471 , 474 , 484 , 512– 513 Avanzi, M., 117 Biemiller, A., 200 Axelsson, M. W., 414 , 417 , 622 Bigelow, M., 385 Azevedo, C., 542 Bigi, B., 130

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-04119-6 - The Cambridge Handbook of Learner Corpus Research Edited by Sylviane Granger , Gaëtanelle Gilquin and Fanny Meunier Index More information

726 AUTHOR INDEX

Birch-Bécaas, S., 477 , 481 Casas Pedrosa, A. V., 45 Birdsong, D., 325 Castagnoli, S., 477 Blache, Ph., 129 Castello, E., 399 , 532 Blanche-Benveniste, C., 114 Cauvin, E., 121 , 532 Bley-Vroman, R., 102 , 139 , 155 , 341 , 546 Caws, C., 45 Bloch, J., 446 , 448 – 449 , 452 Cekaite, A., 316 Blom, E., 61 Celce-Murcia, M., 258 , 268 , 336 Blum-Kulka, S., 282 Cenoz, J., 355 Böhmová, A., 547 Chafe, W., 266 , 416 Bolly, C., 208 Chambers, A., 448 , 451 , 455 Bonaventura, P., 21 Chang, C.-C., 608 Bondi, M., 470 Chapelle, C. A., 30 , 411 – 413 , 450 – 452 , 454 , Bonilla, C., 322 – 325 538 , 564 Borin, L., 83 , 237 Charniak, E., 591 , 620 Boström-Aronsson, M., 269 Chater, N., 372 Boulton, A., 445 Chaudron, C., 310 , 330 Boyd, A., 537 , 540 – 541 , 553 , 564 , 590 Chen, H., 111 , 115 , 118 , 132 – 133 Brand, C., 149 – 150 , 514 Chen, H.-I., 285 Brants, T., 558 Chen, L., 594 Braun, S., 445 – 446 , 448 Chen, M., 211 , 214 , 217 , 317 , 387 Breckle, M., 125 , 164 , 208 Chen, P.-C., 473 Breeze, R., 50 Chen, S., 468 , 478 Bresnan, J., 180 Chen, Y.-H., 219 , 221 – 222 , 228 , 471 Bretz, F., 167 Cheng, W., 455 Brill, E., 92 , 570 Cheung, J. C. K., 547 Briscoe, T., 526 , 590 , 592 , 600 – 601 , 603 Chiarcos, C., 137 Brooke, J., 539 , 606 , 610 – 612 , 614 , 622 , 624 Chodorow, M., 548 , 550 , 554 , 564 , 573 – 575 , Brown, A., 352 580 – 581 , 596 Brown, G., 258 Chomsky, N., 60 – 61 , 233 Brown, H. D., 403 , 419 Chowdhury, N., 145 , 149 , 622 Brown, J., 538 Chuang, F.-Y., 238 , 497 Brown, K., 551 Churchill, E., 441 Brown, M. T., 610 Clahsen, H., 232 Brown, P., 282 Clancy, B., 289 , 304 Brown, R., 362 , 373 Cobb, T., 186 – 187 , 190 , 195 , 198 – 199 , 205 – 206 , Bryk, A. S., 382 267 , 445 , 451 – 452 Bublitz, W., 260 , 283 Cohen, A. D., 294 Bunce, C., 174 Cohen, J., 175 Bunting, J. D., 477 , 493 Cole, E., 293 , 303 Burnard, L., 18 , 447 , 449 Collentine, J., 240 , 251 , 425 , 441 Burnham, K. P., 180 Collentine, K., 240 , 251 Burstein, J., 152 , 524 , 583 , 588 – 589 , 604 Collins, L., 188 , 197 – 199 , 201 , 387 Burton, G., 487 , 494 Comenius, J., 334 Buttery, P., 53 , 329 , 512 Coniam, D., 440 , 463 Buysse, L., 113 Conklin, K., 359 Bybee, J., 360 , 377 , 428 Connor, U., 173 , 270 , 349 , 481 Bykh, S., 608 , 610 – 611 , 619 , 621 – 623 Conrad, S., 256 , 408 , 465 Bylund, E., 385 Cook, G., 256 Byrnes, H., 54 , 302 , 316 , 331 , 393 , 396 – 398 Cook, V., 49 – 50 , 312 , 353 , 355 Cooke, R., 477 , 481 Cadierno, T., 60 – 61 , 365 Cope, B., 256 Cahill, A., 580 Corder, S. P., 41 , 135 , 138 , 156 , 339 , 362 Caines, A., 53 , 329 Cordier, C., 314 Callies, M., 43 , 51 – 52 , 54 , 283 – 284 , 289 , 303 – 304 , Cornillie, F., 31 349 , 429 , 433 – 434 , 468 , 479 – 480 , 482 , 532 Cortes, V., 349 Cameron, L., 354 , 390 Cotos, E., 446 , 457 , 461 , 483 Campillos Llanos, L., 496 Cowan, R., 497 , 502 Campoy-Cubillo, M. C., 508 Cowie, A. P., 207 , 214 , 225 Canale, M., 542 Coxhead, A., 190 , 412 , 473 , 522 Candlin, C., 314 Crewe, W. J., 257 Cao, F., 272 Croft, W., 60 Capel, A., 512 , 525 Crossley, S. A., 201 , 203 – 204 , 210 , 216 , 219 , Carletta, J., 137 , 149 223 – 225 , 354 , 387 , 591 , 607 , 609 , 614 , Carlsen, C., 30 , 52 , 350 , 405 , 412 , 419 618 – 619 , 627 Carrell, P., 258 Cruse, D. A., 60 Carroll, J., 81 Crystal, D., 255 – 256 , 281 Carson, J., 256 Cuban, L., 456 Carter, R., 285 – 286 , 491 Cunnings, I., 75 , 382

Author index 727

Dagneaux, E., 40 , 46 , 55 , 135 – 136 , 144 , 148 , Elman, J. L., 372 157 , 528 , 623 Elsner, M., 591 Dagut, M., 135 Engwall, O., 131 Dahlmeier, D., 11 , 578 Eriksson, A., 474 , 476 Dale, R., 577 Erman, B., 209 , 211 , 228 , 471 Daller, H., 194 , 196 , 206 Eskenazi, M., 538 , 603 Daller, M., 206 Eskildsen, S. W., 60 – 61 , 365 – 366 Daudaravicˇius, V., 176 Espesser, R., 130 David, A., 188 , 194 , 198 , 314 , 317 , 387 – 388 Espunya, A., 10 , 317 Davidson, C., 108 Evanini, K., 21 Davies, A., 515 Evert, S., 151 , 160 , 164 , 361 Davies, M., 264 , 397 , 481 De Angelis, G., 352 , 355 Fan, R., 608, 616 , 620 de Beaugrande, R., 256 Farr, F., 455 , 463 de Bot, K., 353 Feldweg, H., 371 De Cock, S., 20 , 58 – 59 , 79 , 89 , 111 , 114 , 134 , Fernandez, J., 286 , 289 – 290 , 292 210 , 229 , 286 , 477 , 490 , 509 Fernández-Domínguez, J., 41 , 138 , 148 , De Felice, R., 284 , 288 , 293 , 295 , 299 – 301 , 156 , 548 550 , 580 Ferragne, E., 126 , 130 de Haan, P., 82 – 84 , 88 , 92 , 97 , 100 , 103 , Ferreira-Junior, F., 165 , 176 , 354 , 371 – 373 , 211 – 212 , 216 , 226 – 227 , 317 , 545 376 – 377 De Knop, S., 429 , 437 – 441 Ferris, D. R., 389 de Mönnink, I., 545 Fetzer, A., 281 Deane, P., 284 , 288 , 293 , 295 , 299 – 301 , 524 Field, J., 68 DeKeyser, R., 325 Filiaci, F., 246 , 319 Delais-Roussarie, E., 117 Filipovicˇ, L., 509 , 512 , 520 , 524 , 526 – 527 , 529 Demol, A., 278 , 349 Firth, J. R., 211 Deshors, S. C., 167 – 168 , 428 , 440 Fisher, D., 496 Detey, S., 20 , 83 Fitzpatrick, E., 540 Dewaele, J.-M., 352 , 355 Flege, J. E., 108 Díaz-Negrillo, A., 41 , 79 , 83 , 86 , 89 , 91 , 95 , Fletcher, W., 369 97 – 98 , 102 , 105 , 108 , 138 , 148 , 156 , 539 – 540 , Flor, M., 549 , 570 , 576 , 591 546 , 548 , 565 , 605 , 622 Flores, F., 546 Dickinson, M., 82 , 84 , 87 , 90 , 102 – 104 , 139 , Fløttum, K., 453 , 467 547 , 565 , 571 , 586 Flowerdew, L., 456 , 463 , 468 – 470 , 481 , 505 , 508 Diehl, E., 149 Fodor, J. D., 68 Dietrich, R., 371 Forsberg, F., 208 , 211 , 216 – 217 , 229 , 317 , Díez-Bedmar, M. B., 45 , 151 , 153 , 531 , 623 390 – 392 Dimroth, C., 403 Forsberg Lundell, F., 317 Dini, L., 568 Foster, D., 257 Divjak, D. S., 362 Foster, J., 552 , 554 , 580 Doherty, A., 64 , 77 Foster, P., 58 – 59 , 314 Domínguez, L., 318 – 319 Foth, K., 553 Dontcheva-Navratilova, O., 278 Francis, G., 36 , 234 , 472 Doolittle, S., 95 Francis, W. N., 511 Dörnyei, Z., 385 , 406 Franco, H., 592 , 594 Dras, M., 610 – 613 , 620 , 625 Franke, F., 334 Dressler, W., 256 Freed, B. F., 31 , 425 , 429 – 432 , 441 Dudley-Evans, T., 466 French, F., 335 Duff, P. A., 385 Fries, C., 335 DuFon, M. A., 441 Fries, P. H., 268 Dulay, H., 317 Fukuya, Y. J., 559 Durrant, P., 58 – 60 , 64 , 75 , 77 , 164 , 175 , 179 , Fung, L., 286 211 , 217 , 318 , 359 , 375 , 591 Futagi, Y., 84 , 570 , 576 , 591 , 596 – 597 Dzikovska, M., 563 – 564 Gadsby, A., 489 Ebeling, S. O., 208 – 209 , 226 Gallina, F., 520 Eckman, F. R., 108 Gamon, M., 550 , 573 , 579 – 580 , 591 Edlund, J., 108 Gardner, D., 481 Edwards, R., 199 , 201 Gardner, R. C., 406 Egbert, J., 456 Gardner, S., 210 , 226 , 449 , 467 Elbow, P., 457 Garside, R., 79 , 87 , 92 , 136 , 545 Elgie, S., 191 , 199 Gass, S. M., 9 , 14 , 42 , 159 , 174 , 179 , 185 , 314 , Ellis, N. C., 60 , 64 , 165 , 173 , 176 , 181 , 317 , 338 , 354 , 426 354 , 357 – 360 , 362 , 364 , 367 – 368 , 371 – 378 , Gavioli, L., 445 405 , 424 , 473 Geertzen, J., 81– 82 , 88 – 89 , 91 , 98 – 100 , 103 , Ellis, R., 9 , 51 , 135 , 138 , 140 – 141 , 156 , 312 , 314 , 539 , 563 337 – 338 , 358 , 363 , 403 , 423 – 424 , 488 Gildea, D., 614

728 AUTHOR INDEX

Giles, H., 408 Handford, M., 482 Gillard, P., 489 Hannay, M., 269 , 273 – 275 , 278 Gilquin, G., 10 , 20 , 24 , 29 – 30 , 42 – 45 , 49 , 55 , 63 , Hardie, A., 57 , 63 , 358 76 , 79 , 89 , 113 , 134 , 164 , 215 – 216 , 219 , 226 , Hardison, D. M., 131 231 , 234 – 236 , 241 , 285 – 286 , 289 , 295 – 296 , Hardman, J., 593 317 , 327 , 331 , 340 – 341 , 353 , 356 , 358 , Hargreaves, P., 512 362 , 425 , 427 – 428 , 446, 450 , 464 , 476 – 477 , Harrison, J., 500 503 , 531 Harwood, N., 487 , 507 Gnutzmann, C., 465 – 466 Hasan, R., 257 – 258 Golato, A., 282 Hashemi, M. R., 398 Golato, P., 282 Hashimoto, K., 12 Golcher, F., 409 Hasko, V., 37 , 399 Goldberg, A. E., 214 , 371 , 377 Hasselgård, H., 162 – 163 , 166 – 167 , 177 – 178 , Golding, A., 570 209 – 210 , 212 , 219 , 226 , 309 , 351 Goldsmith, J., 120 Hasselgren, A., 188 , 210 , 213 , 217 – 218 , 285 , Goodfellow, R., 191 295 , 302 Goodman, J., 185 Hawkey, R., 512 , 521 Götz, S., 149 – 150 , 164 , 352 Hawkins, J. A., 509 , 512 , 520 , 524 , 526 – 527 , 529 Goutéraux, P., 129 Hawkins, R., 311 – 312 Gouverneur, C., 445 – 446 Haznedar, B., 316 Graddol, D., 426 He, X., 108 Gradman, H. L., 363 Heatley, A., 190 Graesser, A. C., 201 Heaton, J. B., 489 Granfeldt, J., 392 , 538 Hegelheimer, V., 496 Granger, S., 10 , 13 – 14 , 16 , 29 – 30 , 33 , 35 , 39 – 42 , Heidorn, G. E., 568 44 – 45 , 49 , 51 – 52 , 55 , 71 , 79 , 83 – 84 , 89 , Heift, T., 498 , 549 , 552 , 560 , 565 , 568 , 149 – 150 , 156 – 157 , 159 , 164 , 169 , 186 – 188 , 571 – 572 , 585 205 – 208 , 210 – 212 , 216 – 217 , 225 , 227 – 228 , Heilman, M., 588 232 , 236 – 237 , 250 , 252 , 256 , 260 – 261 , 284 , Hellermann, J., 291 , 293 , 303 304 , 309 , 313 , 317 , 329 – 330 , 339 , 341 , Hendriks, H., 512 343 , 357 – 358 , 364 , 369 , 373 , 375 , 377 – 379 , Herment, S., 117 , 120 , 129 , 132 381 , 384 , 387 , 404 – 405 , 409 – 410 , 412 , 417 , Herrington, R., 179 – 180 424 – 425 , 427 – 428 , 433 , 440 , 446 , 449 – 450 , Herschensohn, J., 325 456 , 458 , 462 , 464 , 470 , 477 , 483 , 486 , Hess, K., 618 488 , 490 – 491 , 493 , 495 – 496 , 504 , 507 , 509 , Hewings, A., 468 , 475 514 , 517 , 527 , 532 , 538 – 539 , 548 – 549 , 567 , Hewings, M., 468 , 475 576 – 577 , 590 – 591 , 593 , 606 , 623 Higgins, D., 591 Gray, J., 507 Hiligsmann, Ph., 108 Greenbaum, S., 492 Hilton, H., 17 , 111 , 113 , 124 , 317 Grefenstette, G., 516 Hiltunen, J., 474 Gries, S. Th., 10 , 43 , 50 , 54 , 57 , 60 , 63 , 76 , Hiltunen, T., 11 148 – 151 , 161 , 165 –169 , 171 , 176 – 178 , Himmelmann, N. P., 136 180 – 181 , 208 , 214 – 216 , 225 , 233 – 235 , 240 , Hincks, R., 108 251 , 253 , 301 , 304 , 327 , 331 , 353 , 358 , Hinkel, E., 238 , 266 , 270 , 275 , 409 361 – 362 , 428 – 429 , 435 , 440 Hirschmann, H., 54 , 91 , 94 – 97 , 100 – 101 , 152 , Grippon, V., 119 547 , 564 Groom, N., 208 , 213 , 216 , 373 , 411 , 413 – 415 Hirst, D., 108 , 120 – 121 , 130 Guiraud, P., 193 , 195 Hirst, G., 539 , 606 , 610 – 612 , 614 , 622 , 624 Gullberg, M., 352 Hirvela, A., 455 Gumperz, J. J., 293 Hoey, M., 428 Gurevich, O., 524 Hoffmann, S., 53 Gussenhoven, C., 134 Hoffmann, Th., 358 , 378 Gut, U., 10 , 20 , 22 , 26 – 27 , 108 , 111 , 116 , Holden, C. L., 294 120 – 121 , 125 , 127 – 128 , 133 , 318 , 426 Holliday, A. R., 270 Gyllstad, H., 213 , 317 Hong, H., 272 Hopper, P. J., 360 , 378 Hadermann, P., 278 , 349 Horner, D., 482 , 522 – 523 Hägglund, M., 214 Horst, M., 188 , 197 – 199 , 387 Hahn, M., 547 Housen, A., 240 , 318 , 396 , 423 , 425 , 427 Håkansson, G., 538 Howard, M., 441 Hakuta, K., 363 Howarth, P., 210 , 212 Hall, M., 608 Howatt, A., 334 Hall, T., 366 Hsien-Chin, L., 446 , 448 , 454 , 457 Halliday, M., 257 – 259 , 262 , 268 , 465 Huat, C. M., 381 Han, N.-R., 573 , 580 – 582 Hughes, A., 511 Hana, J., 149 Hulstijn, J. H., 30 , 214 Hanania, E. A. S., 363 Hume, D., 333 Hancke, J., 538 , 564 Hundt, M., 174 , 427 , 442

Author index 729

Hunston, S., 188 , 234 , 284 , 445 – 446 , 472 Krashen, S., 11 , 311 , 357 , 363 Hutchinson, J., 41 , 46 Kress, G., 256 Hyland, K., 50 , 161 – 162 , 208 , 226 , 257 – 259 , Kreyer, R., 11 262 , 264 – 267 , 272 , 275 , 277 – 278 , 284 , 349 , Krivanek, J., 548 367 , 369 , 466 – 467 , 471 , 473 – 475 Kucˇera, H., 511 Hyltenstam, K., 341 Kuiper, K., 374 Kukich, K., 569 Ibbotson, P., 397 Kuperman, V., 180 Iberri-Shea, G., 373 , 386 Kutasi, T., 124 Ishikawa, S., 440 Kwasny, S. C., 552 Israel, R., 564 Kytö, M., 539 Ivanicˇ, R., 257 Izumi, E., 14 , 580 , 591 Labeau, E., 341 Labov, W., 150 James, C., 138 , 336 , 339 , 571 Lado, R., 335 , 338 , 342 James, E., 119 , 132 Lamb, S., 245 Jamieson, J., 522 Lamendella, J. T., 108 Janitza, J., 336 Landauer, T. K., 589 Jantunen, J. H., 13 Lapata, M., 591 Jarvis, S., 178 , 202 , 206 , 338 , 340 – 343 , 345 , Lardiere, D., 9 , 311 –312 , 316 , 341 353 – 355 , 606 – 607 , 609 – 610 , 612 – 619 , Larsen-Freeman, D., 258 , 338 , 353 – 354 , 360 , 624 , 627 372 , 377 , 390 Jendryczka-Wierszycka, J., 22 , 24 – 25 Larson-Hall, J., 179 – 180 Jiang, N. A. N., 359 , 373 Lau, H. H., 458 Johansson, S., 162 – 163 , 166 – 167 , 177 – 178 , 226 , Laufer, B., 135 , 163 , 174 , 186 , 189 – 190 , 192 , 342 , 351 198 , 211 – 212 , 216 , 218 , 317 Johns, T., 445 , 447 , 450 , 463 Le Baron, F., 448 Johnson, H., 380 – 381 Leacock, C., 564 – 565 , 571 , 575 , 579 , 585 Johnson, K., 380 – 381 Lecocke, M., 618 Johnson, M., 550 Lee, D., 446 , 448 , 452 – 455 , 457 , 459 – 460 , 463 , Johnson, R. B., 397 468 , 476 , 478 Johnson, W. L., 594 Lee, J., 154 Jones, G., 463 Lee, L.-S., 595 Jones, J. K., 150 Lee, S., 495 Jones, R., 605 , 613 , 626 Leech, G., 49 – 50 , 79 – 81 , 83 , 86 , 108 , 137 , 337 , Juang, B.-H., 593 486 , 508 , 545 Jucker, A. H., 10 Lehmann, C., 136 Jurafsky, D., 79 , 82 , 537 , 564 Lehtinen, B., 15 Leicher, S., 287 Kachru, B. B., 426 Lemke, J., 271 Kalantz, M., 256 Lenʹko-Szymanʹska, A., 227 – 228 , 261 Kämmerer, S., 514 Lennon, P., 114 , 140 , 144 , 146 , 156 Kanoksilapatham, B., 482 Léon, M., 133 Kantor, A., 592 , 595 Lepetit, D., 119 Kaplan, R. B., 270 , 348 Levin, B., 433 Kasper, G., 281 Levinson, S., 282 Kellerman, E., 333 , 354 Levitzky, T., 317 Kemmer, S., 60 Levy, R., 584 Kennedy, G., 485 Li, D. C. S., 435 Kenworthy, J., 118 Li, T., 481 Kilgarriff, A., 516 , 526 , 577 Liao, Y. D., 559 King, L., 547 Liceras, J. M., 314 Kinginger, C., 286 , 387 Lieven, E. V. M., 60 , 358 , 372 , 377 Kintsch, W., 543 Lightbown, P., 312 Kirkpatrick, A., 442 Lin, C.-J., 608 Kiss, G. R., 372 Lin, P. M. S., 68 Kita, K., 176 Lindqvist, C., 189 , 191 , 205 , 317 Kjellmer, G., 58 , 207 Linn, R. L., 587 Klein, W., 50 , 139 , 232 , 373 , 395 , 541 Littré, D., 42 – 43 , 240 , 253 , 327 , 331 , 390 , 394 , Knight, D., 32 , 113 , 129 398 , 428 , 520 Kobayashi, Y., 388 Liu, A. L.-E., 498 Kochmar, E., 613 , 620 , 625 Liu, B., 113 Kohn, K., 31 Liu, D., 481 Koppel, M., 612 – 613 , 620 , 625 – 626 Liu, S., 497 Kormos, J., 352 Llach, M., 186 , 196 Kortmann, B., 178 Lõo, L., 538 , 564 Kotsiantis, S., 607 Lopez, S., 482 Kramsch, C., 379 Lorenz, G., 50 , 213 , 260

730 AUTHOR INDEX

Louwerse, M., 224 – 225 Millar, N., 15, 64 – 68 , 70 , 72 – 74 Lozano, C., 19 , 22 – 23 , 43 , 46 , 234 , 241 – 242 , Milton, J., 50 , 145 , 149 , 161 – 162 , 193 , 196 , 200 , 245 – 248 , 314 , 318 , 322 206 , 257 , 264 – 266 , 284 , 477 , 497 , 590 , 622 Lüdeling, A., 54 , 143 , 149 , 539 – 540 Mindt, D., 485 Luzón, M. J., 468 , 475 Mintz, T., 372 Miralpeix, I., 195 Macdonald, P., 532 Mislevy, R. J., 542 Mackey, A., 42 , 159 , 314 Mitchell, R., 309 – 310 , 317 , 323 , 325 , MacWhinney, B., 232 , 323 , 373 , 389 , 539 330 – 331 , 564 Maden-Weinberger, U., 151 – 152 , 284 Mitkov, R., 79 Madnani, N., 575 , 584 Mitton, R., 582 – 583 Maingay, S., 489 Miura, S., 541 , 558 Major, R. C., 108 Molinaro, A. M., 617 Mäkinen, M., 11 , 474 Mondria, J.-A., 198 Malnati, G., 568 Mondria-De Vries, S., 198 Malvern, D. D., 193 – 194 Montrul, S., 314 Mangalath, P., 543 Moon, R., 210 Mann, W., 257 Moore, R. C., 570 Manning, C. D., 361 Morris, L., 190 Marchena, E., 214 Morrison, G. S., 119 Marcinkevicˇieneė, R., 176 Mortreux, S., 119 Marcus, M. P., 594 Mukherjee, J., 15 , 50 , 52 , 177 , 289 , 424 , Margaza, P., 314 427 – 429 , 435 , 442 , 449 , 452 , 485 Marmaridou, S., 281 Müller, S., 260 , 566 Marsden, E., 188 , 194 , 198 , 387 Muñoz, C., 325 Martin, J. H., 79 , 82 , 537 , 564 Murakami, A., 380 , 538 , 563 Martin, Ph., 20 , 111, 114 , 120 , 125 , 129 , 133 Murcia-Bielsa, S., 532 Martinez, R., 74 , 203 Murphy, K. P., 579 Martínez-Caro, E., 273 – 275 Myles, F., 239 – 240 , 245 , 309 , 311 – 312 , 314 , Martinez-Garcia, M. T., 495 316 – 317 , 325 , 329 , 341 – 342 , 357 , 364 – 365 , Martínez-Insua, A., 238 , 495 370 – 371 , 373 , 375 , 381 , 398 , 564 Maslen, R., 373 Myssyk, A., 129 Matthews, C., 551 Mauranen, A., 11 , 226 , 234 Nagata, R., 83 , 87 – 88 , 103 , 105 , 590 Mayer, M., 198 Nation, I. S. P., 186 – 187 , 189 – 190 , 192 , Mayﬁ eld Tomokiyo, L., 605 , 613 , 626 198, 522 Maynard, C., 287 Neff, J., 261 , 263 , 270 , 272 , 275 McCafferty, S., 352 Neff van Aertselaer, J., 174 , 218 , 229 , McCarten, J., 494 , 508 348 – 350 McCarthy, M., 15 , 33 , 113 , 202 , 488– 489 , 491 , Negishi, M., 506 – 507 , 513 493 – 494 , 506 , 508 , 531 Nekrasova, T. M., 359 , 373 McCoy, K. F., 552 , 568 Nelson, K., 60 McCrostie, J., 267 Nemser, W., 339 McCullough, E., 593 Nenkova, A., 591 McEnery, T., 9 , 18 , 20 , 57 , 63 , 358 , 539 Neri, A., 111 , 134 McNamara, D. S., 202 , 591 , 607 , 614 Nesi, H., 210 , 222 , 226 , 238 , 449 , 467 , 497 McNamara, T., 314 , 511 Nesselhauf, N., 9 – 11 , 58 – 59 , 210 , 212 , 217 – 219 , McNeill, D., 352 221 , 413 , 415 , 427 , 447 , 527 – 528 , 530 Meara, P., 189 , 192 , 194 , 201 Neumann, C. P., 286 Mediero Durán, M. E., 30 Ng, H. T., 578 Mel’cˇuk, I., 547 Nicholls, D., 149 , 317 , 490 , 525 Méli, A., 115, 119 , 124 – 127 Nikolov, M., 352 Mellow, J. D., 61 , 365 Ninio, A., 375 Mendikoetxea, A., 19 , 22 – 23 , 43 , 46 , 234 , Norrick, N. R., 283 241 – 242 , 245 – 248 , 318 , 498 – 500 , 520 Norris, J. M., 174 , 423 Mennen, I., 116 , 120 Menzel, W., 568 , 592 O’Dell, F., 494 Mertens, P., 130 O’Donnell, M., 41 , 154 , 301 , 493 Metcalf, V., 558 – 559 O’Donnell, M. B., 177 , 362 , 367 – 369 , 374 – 375 , Meunier, F., 37 , 42 – 43 , 84 , 87 , 154 , 227 , 231 , 377 , 467 , 514 234 , 236 , 240 , 253 , 317 , 327 , 331 , 390 , 394 , O’Keeffe, A., 15 , 33 399 , 441 , 445 – 446 , 464 , 486 , 507 – 508 , 520 , O’Sullivan, Í., 451 , 455 549 , 567 Oakes, M., 361 , 368 Meurers, D., 79 , 84 , 90 , 97 , 496 , 538 , 543 , Ochs, E., 108 547 – 548 , 551 , 558 – 560 , 563 – 566 , 608 , Odlin, T., 269 , 317 , 333 , 337 – 338 , 353 – 355 , 558 , 610 – 611 , 619 , 621 – 624 606 , 616 Meyers, G., 256 Ogay, T., 408 Michaud, L. N., 552 Okada, T., 582 – 583 Milanovic, M., 511 – 512 Olshtain, E., 268 , 282

Author index 731

Ong, J., 193 Rahkonen, M., 538 Oppenheim, N., 58 – 60 Ramineni, C., 597 Orol González, A., 208 Ramírez-Esparza, N., 287 , 293 – 294 , 301 Ortega, L., 49 – 50 , 54 , 174 , 256 , 302 , 316 , 331 , Ramírez-Verdugo, M. D., 292 373 , 379 , 386 , 393 , 396 – 398 , 423 Rankin, T., 15 , 62 , 238 , 318 – 322 , 390 , 449 , 452 , Osborne, J., 111 , 113 , 124 , 219 , 241 – 247 454 , 495 Oshita, H., 234 , 240 , 253 Rappoport, A., 606 , 613 Osimk-Teasdale, R., 197 Rasier, L., 108 Ott, N., 538 , 542 , 547 , 564 Rastelli, S., 79 , 100 , 102 , 104 Ovtcharov, V., 191 , 205 Raudenbush, S. W., 382 Rayson, P., 83 , 177 , 188 , 320 Page, E. B., 589 Rebuschat, P., 359 , 378 Palacios-Martínez, I., 238 , 495 Reder, S., 12 , 293 Pallotti, G., 324 Redington, M., 372 Palmer, A. S., 542 Redwood, S., 31 Palmer, D. D., 560 Regan, V., 407 Palmer, E. R., 263 Rehbein, I., 79 , 88 – 91 , 95 , 100 – 101 , 105 Paltridge, B., 483 Reinhardt, J., 287 , 295 , 298 – 299 , 301 , 304 , 482 Papp, S., 151 , 153 , 623 Renkema, J., 256 Paquot, M., 13 , 44 – 45 , 49 , 51 , 53 , 171 – 172 , 175 , Renouf, A., 448 207 – 208 , 210 – 211 , 218 – 219 , 226 , 228 , 260 , Reppen, R., 83 , 227 , 237 , 252 , 373 , 402 , 420 , 342 – 345 , 358 , 362 , 378 , 470 , 473 , 477, 483 , 463 , 507 491 , 504 , 607 , 612 , 615 Reuer, V., 554 Paradis, J., 62 Reznicek, M., 139 , 146 , 157 , 409 , 426 , 541 – 542 , Park, Y. A., 584 546 , 573 Parodi, G., 467 , 482 Richards, B. J., 193 Pavlenko, A., 338 , 340 , 342 , 345 , 353 , 355 Richards, J. C., 339 Pawley, A., 58 , 207 , 225 , 228 , 357 , 362 – 364 , Riesco-Bernier, S., 290 , 304 375 , 377 Rietveld, T., 180 Payne, J. S., 64 , 68 – 70 , 75 Rimrott, A., 549 , 571 – 572 Pellegrino, F., 126 Ringbom, H., 187 , 355 , 625 Pelton, G., 592 , 594 Rissanen, M., 142 Pendar, N., 30 , 411 – 413 , 538 , 564 Roberts, L., 67 Penn, G., 547 Robinson, P., 358 , 360 , 378, 405 Pepper, S., 606 Robles Baena, A., 30 Perdue, C., 50 , 139 , 232 , 354 , 371 , 373 , 395 , Rodgers, O., 445 539 , 541 Rodriguez Louro, C., 314 Pérez-Llantada, C., 467 , 482 Roessingh, H., 191 , 199 Pérez-Paredes, P., 31 Rohrbach, J.-M., 15 , 424 , 449 , 452 Perkins, D., 334 Römer, U., 369 , 421 , 467 , 514 Pery-Woodley, M.-P., 169 Romero-Trillo, J., 285 , 292 , 303 – 304 Petch-Tyson, S., 188 , 267 , 416 , 418 Rose, K., 281 Peters, A. M., 60 , 372 Rose, R., 352 Petersen, K., 562 Rose, Y., 117 , 124 Pienemann, M., 241 , 248 , 312 , 322 – 324 Rosen, A., 146 , 537 , 540 , 548 , 554 – 557 , 564 Pine, J. M., 60 Rosén, V., 547 Pitler, E., 591 Rosi, F., 398 Plonsky, L., 174 , 179 Ross, B. M., 64 , 68 – 70 , 75 Ployhart, R. E., 380 Rossi, M., 130 Poesio, M., 149 , 556 , 566 Roth, D., 548 , 570 , 580 , 582 , 584 , 591 Polat, B., 113 , 290 – 291 , 302 , 397 Rothman, J., 319 Polio, C., 255 , 378 Roy, B. C., 381 Post, B., 117 Roy, D., 373 Post, M., 614 Rozovskaya, A., 548 , 580 , 582 , 584 , 591 Pravec, N. A., 33 Rudner, L. M., 589 Presson, N., 563 Rühlemann, C., 288 Preston, D., 407 Rundell, M., 252 , 489 , 506 – 507 Prodromou, L., 289 Prütz, K., 83 , 237 Sagae, K., 545 Pulman, S. G., 580 Saito, H., 329 Salamoura, A., 515 , 533 Querol-Julián, M., 124 Salazar, D., 264 Quirk, R., 258 , 260 Salomon, G., 334 Quixal, M., 562 Salsbury, T., 77 , 210 , 216 , 219 , 223 , 387 Sampson, G., 339 Raab, M., 593 Sanders, T., 275 Rabiner, L., 593 Sarré, C., 125 Ragheb, M., 82 , 84 , 87 , 102 – 104 , 139 , 547 Saslow, J., 494

732 AUTHOR INDEX

Saville, N., 521 , 533 St John, M., 466 Scarcella, R., 311 , 357 , 363 Stahl, D., 373 Scardamalia, M., 270 Stam, G., 352 Schachter, J., 336 Stanley, T., 592 , 594 Schäfer, L., 88 , 90 – 92 , 97 , 100 , 104 , 545 Staples, S., 484 Schiftner, B., 15 , 31 , 34 , 238 , 390 , 449 , 452 , 454 , Starﬁ eld, S., 483 481 , 495 Stefanowitsch, A., 165 , 208 , 214 – 215 , 435 Schilk, M., 164 Stemach, J., 191 Schleppegrell, M., 277 Stevens, V., 445 – 446 , 448 , 453 Schlitz, S. A., 533 Stock, P., 489 Schlyter, S., 391 Strutt, P., 482 , 522 – 523 Schmid, H., 137 , 393 , 613 Stubbs, M., 208 – 209 , 211 Schmid, H.-J., 472 Studdert-Kennedy, M., 375 Schmidt, R. W., 9 , 363 , 424 Sugaya, N., 365 , 375 Schmidt, Th., 125 , 294 Swain, M., 542 Schmitt, N., 31 , 58 – 60 , 64 , 71 – 72 , 75 – 76 , 164 , Swales, J., 446 , 448 , 452 – 455 , 457 – 460 , 463 , 175 , 179 , 192 – 193 , 195 , 203 , 211 , 217 , 318 , 465 , 476 – 477 358 – 359 , 361 , 375 , 591 Swan, M., 492 , 505 – 506 , 571 Schneider, D., 568 Swanson, B., 620 Schneider, E. W., 427 , 435 Sweet, H., 333 – 335 Schultz, T., 21 Syder, F. H., 58 , 207 , 225 , 228 , 357 , 362 – 364 , Schulze, M., 552 , 565 , 568 , 585 375 , 377 Schumann, J. H., 9, 363 Sykes, J. M., 294 Schütze, H., 361 Szczesniak, K., 429 , 433 – 434 Schwartz, B. D., 233 , 311 Szmrecsanyi, B., 178 Schwind, C. B., 551 Scott, M., 38 , 187 , 209 , 213 , 246 , 271 , 305 , 343 , Tagliamonte, S. A., 563 347 , 391 , 394 , 417 , 454 , 470 , 478 , 518 Tagnin, S. E. O., 13 , 29 Seegmiller, M. S., 540 Takeuchi, K., 12 Seidlhofer, B., 189 , 197 , 449 , 456 , 463 – 464 Tannen, D., 267 Seliger, H., 425 Tapper, M., 260 , 275 Selinker, L., 14 , 108 , 138 , 185 , 354 , 379 , 539 Tarone, E., 404 , 407 – 408 Serrano, R., 388 Tavakoli, P., 314 Serratrice, L., 319 Taylor, C., 233 Shannon, C., 609 Taylor, L., 511 , 533 Sharwood Smith, M., 333 , 355 Tenfjord, K., 139 , 149 Shaw, C., 32 Tetreault, J., 548 , 550 , 573 – 575 , 580 – 581 , 586 , Shaw, P., 210 , 212 590 , 596 , 607 , 610 , 612 – 615 , 619 – 623 , 627 Shermis, M. D., 589 , 603 – 604 Thewissen, J., 30 , 37 , 151 , 216 – 218 , 254 , 274 , Shih, R. H.-H., 13 381 , 384 , 506 , 516 , 524 , 527 – 531 Shirai, Y., 365 , 375 Thomas, E. R., 126 Simpson, R. C., 287 , 298 , 522 Thomas, J., 82 Simpson-Vlach, R. C., 287 , 359 , 362 , Thomas, M., 30 367 – 368 , 473 Thompson, G., 259 Sinclair, J. McH., 10 , 22 , 31 , 58 , 208 , 211 , 234 , Thompson, P., 108 342 , 414 Thompson, S., 257 Sing, C., 472 Thorndike, E., 334 Singer, J. B., 380 Thorne, S., 294 , 303 Singleton, D., 325 Thouësney, S., 90 , 104 Siyanova, A., 64 , 71 – 72 , 76 Tidball, F., 194 , 196 Siyanova-Chanturia, A., 67 , 72 , 74 – 75 , 77 Timmis, I., 448 Skehan, P., 314 , 385 , 411 , 493 Toﬁ ghi, P., 606 Slonim, N., 200 Tognini-Bonelli, E., 36 , 488 Smedt, K. D., 547 Tomasello, M., 358 , 372 – 373 , 377 Smith, B., 571 Tomlinson, B., 506 Smith, N., 83 , 87 , 89 , 92 , 136 , 588 Tomokiyo, L. M., 593 Snape, N., 312 Tono, Y., 13 , 33 , 83 , 111 , 150 , 238 , 317 – 318 , Snider, N., 64 , 75 , 77 329 , 356 , 383 , 399 , 405, 410 , 420 , 538 – 539 Solé, R. V., 375 Torney, R., 614 Sondheimer, N. K., 551 – 552 Tortel, A., 108 , 111 , 115 – 116 , 120 – 121 Sorace, A., 243 , 246 , 319 , 341 Towell, R., 311 Spicer, J., 610 Treffers-Daller, J., 194 , 196 Spina, S., 72 Tribble, C., 213 , 445 – 446 , 456 , 463 , 481 Spoelman, M., 345 – 348 Trousdale, G., 358 , 378 Springer, P. E., 83 , 277 Trouvain, J., 318 Sprouse, R. A., 233 Trudgill, P., 407 Sridhar, K. K., 427 Tse, P., 259 , 262 , 272 , 467 , 473 Sridhar, S. N., 427 Tsur, O., 606 , 613

Author index 733

Tsurutani, C., 131 Wen-Ming, H., 446 , 448 , 454 , 457 Turton, N. D., 489 West, M., 412 , 473 Tutin, A., 472 , 481 Wharton, S., 287 , 301 , 476 , 481 Tyler, A., 159 White, L., 312 Tyne, H., 445 Whithaus, C., 524 Tyson, S., 188 , 260 Whitney, P. J., 68 Wible, D., 154 , 486 , 497 , 509 Upton, T. A., 481 Wichmann, A., 12 , 539 Urzúa, A., 290 Wicker, L. R., 610 Usami, H., 532 Widdowson, H. G., 334 , 452 Ushioda, E., 385 , 406 Wiechmann, D., 353 Wilcox, R., 179 Vainikka, A., 233 Wilcox-O’Hearn, A., 570 Vajjala, S., 538 , 564 Wilkinson, L., 174 van der Haagen, M., 211 – 212 , 216 , 226 – 227 , 317 Willett, J. D., 380 van Dijk, M., 402 Williams, J. N., 359 , 378 , 385 van Halteren, H., 79 Williams, W., 191 van Leeuwen, T., 256 Willis, J., 445 – 446 van Rijsbergen, C. J., 85 Wilske, S., 562 van Rooy, B., 88 , 90 – 92 , 97 , 100 , 104 , 545 Wilson, A., 82 van Vuuren, S., 84 , 388 Winograd, T., 546 Vande Kopple, W., 259 Wisniewski, K., 146 Vandenberg, R. J., 380 Witt, S., 131 VanPatten, B., 312 Wittenburg, P., 124 Vaughan, E., 289 , 304 Wong, S.-M. J., 610 – 613 , 620 , 625 Verdaguer, I., 264 , 467 Wong Fillmore, L., 9 , 363 Vergun, A., 291 , 293 Woodworth, R., 334 Verhoeven, L., 192 , 199 Wörner, K., 294 Vermeer, A., 192 , 199 Wray, A., 58 , 363 Verspoor, M., 388 , 402 Wu, J.-C., 591 Vogel, K., 174 Wulff, S., 50 , 54 , 165 , 169 , 171 , 180 , 215 – 216 , Votrubec, J., 558 234 , 240 , 251 , 253 , 318 , 421 , 495 Vyatkina, N., 14 , 286, 290 , 293 , 295 – 297 , 304 , Wunsch, H., 97 383 , 388 , 390 , 392 – 394 , 399 , 421 , 446 , 448 , Wynne, M., 39 , 591 450 , 454 , 463 , 498 Xi, X., 524 , 604 Wagner, J., 552 Xu, Y., 132 Waibel, B., 196 , 211 , 214 Xue, G., 190 Waldman, T., 163 , 174 , 211 – 212 , 216 , 218 , 317 Walsh, S., 291 , 304 Yannakoudakis, H., 521 , 523 , 538 , 564 , 577 , Wang, S., 595 590 , 592 , 600 – 601 , 603 Wang, Y., 210 , 212 Yoon, H., 455 Wang, Y.-B., 595 Yoon, S.-Y., 593 – 594 Wang, Z., 21 Yorio, C., 404 , 412 Wanner, L., 498 , 591 Young-Scholten, M., 233 Ware, P., 589 Yuldashev, A., 286 , 289 – 290 , 292 Warschauer, M., 589 Yule, G., 258 Wasow, T., 433 Watanabe, T., 113 Zaytseva, E., 468 , 482 , 532 Watson, J., 385 Zdorenko, T., 62 Wei, N. X., 473 Zechner, K., 21 , 592– 595 , 597 , 599 – 600 Weinberger, U., 143 Zhang, L., 193 Weinreich, U., 354 Ziai, R., 547 , 564 Weir, C., 511 – 512 Zinsmeister, H., 125 , 164 , 208 , 546 Weischedel, R. M., 551 Zipf, G. K., 199 , 371 , 375 Wells, J., 132 Zyzik, E., 542

Subject index

Academic Word List (AWL), 190 , 412 , 473 , inter-annotator agreement, 27 , 99 , 134 , 149 , 481 , 522 155 , 300 , 542 , 548 , 550 , 554 , 556 – 557 , 566 academic writing, 44 – 45 , 51 , 54 , 218 , 221 – 223 , linguistic annotation, 80 , 84 , 88 , 97 – 98 , 100 , 228 , 238 , 268 , 284 , 314 , 350 , 362 , 367 – 368 , 149 , 388 , 543 416 , 421 , 446 – 449 , 457 – 460 , 470 – 471 , 474 , manual annotation, 27 , 83 – 84 , 86 – 88 , 95 , 478 – 479 , 482 , 499 , 503 – 504 , see also English 148 , 155 , 299 – 300 , 537 , 544 , 556 – 557 , 592 for Academic Purposes pragmatic annotation, 103 , 283 – 284 , accuracy, 45 – 46 , 54 , 61 , 127 , 135, 149 , 154 , 287 – 288 209 – 210 , 215 – 216 , 223 – 224 , 249 – 250 , 252 , speech annotation, 107 , 109 , 592 255 , 257 , 297 , 359 , 368 , 384 , 388 – 389 , 396 , Arabic, 232 , 336 – 337 , 363 , 482 , 598 399 , 411 , 415 , 425 , 451 , 483 , 489 , 493 , argumentative writing, 12 , 16 , 43 – 45 , 51 , 71 , 524 , 528 152 , 188 , 209 , 226 , 229 , 257 , 261 , 263 – 264 , adjective, 98 , 102 , 162 , 197 , 210 , 217 , 219 , 243 , 270 , 273 , 386 , 395 , 400 , 433 , 461 , 466 – 467 , 249 – 250 , 263 , 271 , 289 , 321 – 323 , 345, 469 , 484 , 527 , 531 , 610 , 613 , 615 , 620 , 622 349 – 350 , 457 , 501 , 540 , 546 , 549 , 551 , 621 article, 62 , 87 , 93 , 135 – 136 , 138 , 146 – 148 , adult, 49 , 58 , 139 , 191 , 291 , 293 , 299 , 310 , 352 , 150 , 152 – 154 , 238 , 314 , 322 , 377 , 389 , 363 , 366 – 367 , 371 – 373 , 379 , 394 , 396 , 419 , 478 , 488 , 497 , 502 , 551 , 567 , 569 , 571 , 421 , 448 , 593 573 – 575 , 577 – 580 , 582 – 585 , 623 adult learner, 227 , 232 , 285 , 363 , 404 , 430 Asian, 13 , 256 , 270 , 435 – 436 , 493 adverb, 153 , 197 , 210 , 212 , 214 , 243 – 244 , 260, assessment, 350 , 512 , 516 , 518 , 524 , 533 , 263 – 264 , 295 , 297 , 349 – 350 , 484 , 495 , 542 , 623 500 – 501 , 549 , 559 – 561 automated scoring, 3 , 113 , 524 , 588 , 590 – 596 , adverb placement, 219 , 238 , 242 – 243 , 599 , 601 – 604 245 , 560 avoidance, 41 , 129 , 171 , 214 , 289 – 290 , 298 , adverbial, 84 , 153 , 162 , 210 , 213 , 260 , 265 , 336 , 559 – 560 274 – 275 , 277 , 388 , 461 – 462 , 483 annotation, 22 , 26 – 27 , 31 , 37 , 80 , 87 , 91 , 94 , 96 , booster, 262 , 264 – 265 , 270 , 272 – 273 , 286 , 377 , 100 – 101 , 103 – 104 , 107 – 119 , 121 – 125 , 127 , 474 , 504 129 – 130 , 133 , 136 – 137 , 142 , 145 , 148 – 149 , Bulgarian, 52 , 164 , 243 , 369 , 610 , 620 – 621 155 , 236 , 250 – 252 , 275 – 276 , 287 , 292 , 305 , 325 , 352 , 389 – 391 , 393 , 494 , 537 , 541 – 545 , causative, 55 , 164 , 187 , 215 – 216 , 236 , 340 , 492 548 , 554 , 556 , 558 , 562 , 566 , 572 – 576 , Chinese, 52 , 118 , 130 , 153 , 164 , 167 – 171 , 212 , 583 , 585 – 586 , 606 , see also error, error 214 , 221 – 223 , 237 – 238 , 240 , 253 , 270 , annotation/tagging ; tagging 272 – 273 , 284 , 336 – 337 , 408 , 471 , 478 – 479 , annotated corpus, 83 – 84 , 89 , 101 , 104 , 482 , 497 , 543 , 549 , 573 , 584 , 598 , 615 , 109 – 110 , 128 , 155 , 288 , 301 , 566 , 577 , 582 , 620 – 622 584 , 595 chunk, 58 , 81 , 114 , 120 , 172 , 220 , 357 , 362 , annotation scheme, 27 , 132 , 136 , 142 , 146 , 364 , 368 , 370 – 372 , 388 , 413 , 543 , 547 , 550 , 272 , 440 , 545 – 546 , 548 , 556 , 566 , 576 see also lexis, lexical bundle; n-gram annotation system, 83 , 86 , 89 , 91 , 94 – 95 , classroom, 9 – 10 , 15 – 16 , 191 , 194 , 199 , 102 , 120 , 134 , 142 , 146, 518 227 , 252 , 273 , 278 , 286 – 287 , 290 – 293 , automatic annotation, 86 – 89 , 91 , 103 , 124 , 312 – 313 , 323 , 326 – 329 , 366 , 370 , 386 , 129 – 130 , 132 , 148 , 301 , 557 , 562 389 , 394 – 395 , 405 , 408 , 423 – 428 , corpus annotation, 53 , 79 , 83 – 84 , 86 , 100 , 430 – 432 , 438 – 439 , 441 , 446 – 447 , 287 – 288 , 301 , 393 , 440 , 537 – 538 , 541 , 545 , 449 – 451 , 454 , 456 – 457 , 461 , 463 – 464 , 548 , 554 , 556 , 564 , 566 476 , 500 , 502 , 508 , 530 – 531 , 589

736 SUBJECT INDEX

clause, 83 , 93 – 94 , 111 , 150 , 167 – 169 , 207 , 459 , 474 , 485 , 488 – 489 , 499 , 502 – 504 , 508 , 222 , 237 , 244 , 249 , 252 , 254 – 255 , 266 , 547 , 554 , 571 , 589 268 – 269 , 272 , 277 – 278 , 310 , 320 , 322 – 324 , corpus-driven, 36 – 38 , 43 , 297 , 342 , 353 , 399 , 336 , 349 , 389 , 394 , 459 , 472 , 475 , 479 , 487 – 488 , 490 , 492 , 498 , 504 – 505 , see also 486 , 526 data-driven cognitive linguistics, 77 , 233 – 234 , 358 , 428 , 439 corpus-informed, 36 – 37 , 43 , 298, 457 , 459 , 488 , coherence, 128 , 255 – 260 , 268 , 275 , 297 , 317 , 494 , 503 , 508 , 512 , 521 , 532 – 533 359 – 361 , 377 , 528 , 591 – 592 , 595 , 600 – 602 correction, 21 , 90 – 91 , 95 , 99 , 101 – 102 , 104 , cohesion, 255 , 257 – 258 , 260 , 349 , 528 , 607 , 154 , 172 , 174 , 449 , 496 – 500 , 525 , 552 , 557 , 614 , 627 567 – 571 , 573 – 581 , 583 – 586 , 591 collocation, 2 , 39 , 58 , 64 – 68 , 71 – 73 , 77 , 84 , 111 , correlation, 75 , 119 , 160 – 161 , 164 – 166 , 170 , 160 , 163 – 164 , 175 , 186 , 196 , 208 , 210 – 213 , 196 , 200 , 219 , 224, 267 , 287 , 294 , 328 , 364 , 216 – 221 , 235 , 244, 258 , 271 , 349 , 359 , 361 , 374 , 385 , 403 , 413 , 415 , 424 , 431 , 433 , 435 , 364 , 377 , 387 , 411 , 413 – 415 , 420 , 458 , 470 , 437 , 440 – 442 , 590 , 596 – 597 , 600 – 601 478 , 498 , 512 , 528 , 567 , 569 , 571 , 574 – 575 , criterial feature, 115 , 121 , 129 , 506 , 509 , 512 , 579 , 585 , 591 , 596 – 597 520 , 526 – 527 , 533 , 538 Common European Framework of Reference cross-linguistic inﬂ uence, 40 , 171 , 333 – 334 , (CEFR), 30 , 52 , 54 , 216 , 218 , 245 , 254 , 269 , 338 , 344 , 346 , 351 – 352 , 355 , 419 , see also 277 , 346 , 350 , 385 , 438 , 506 , 509 , 513 – 516 , transfer 518 – 519 , 523 – 526 , 528 , 530 , 533 cross-sectional design, 2 , 14 , 19 , 22 , 28 , 37 – 38 , comparative fallacy, 49 , 101 – 102 , 104 , 139 , 152 , 44 , 48 , 150 , 188 , 194 , 216 , 228 , 245 , 268 , 155 , 341 , 546 284 , 291 , 295 , 298 , 300 , 302 , 316 , 324 , complexity, 54 , 61 , 111 , 121 , 164 , 167 , 170 , 354 , 365 , 367 , 380 – 382 , 384 , 386 , 388 , 397 , 204 – 205 , 255 , 388 – 389 , 393 , 396 , 398 , 401 , 488 , 563 411 , 423 , 440 , 493 , 505 , 607 curriculum, 18 , 257 , 273 , 290 , 302 , 304 , 325 , computational linguistics, 79 , 521 , 525 , 385, 423 , 494 , 512 , 526 565 – 566 , 577, 587 , 625 Czech, 52 , 146 , 149 , 243 , 279 , 369 , 540 , 548 , computer-assisted language learning (CALL), 554 – 557 , 564 , 620 – 621 131 , 157 , 446 , 450 – 451 , 454 – 455 , 488 , 496 – 498 , 503 , 507 , 509 , 538 – 539 , 558 , Danish, 612 562 – 563 , 565 , 585 data-driven, 36 , 54 , 400 , 464 , 477 , 500 , 527 , intelligent computer-assisted language 530 , 548 , 565 , 578 , see also corpus-driven learning (ICALL), 496 – 497 , 502 – 503 , 538 , dative, 95 , 138 , 143 , 165 , 215 , 240 , 433 – 434 558 , 562 , 565 , 623 determiner, 93 , 127 , 249 , 499 , 501 – 502 , computer-mediated communication (CMC), 590 , 623 32 , 68 , 70 , 94 – 95 , 240 , 286 , 292 , 295 – 296 , developmental data, see also 301– 302 , 304 , 383 – 384 , 397 , 446 , 454 , 498 longitudinal design concordance, 2 , 111 , 123 , 125 , 211 – 212 , 235 , developmental learner corpus, 14 , 296 , 247 , 271 , 305 , 391 , 415 , 417 , 428 , 445 , 448 , 399 , 450 450 – 452 , 454 – 455 , 459 , 461 , 464 , 530 developmental pattern, 46 , 253 – 254 , concordancer, 38 , 41 , 110 – 112 , 123 , 125 , 236 , 315 – 316 , 379 , 384 , 390 , 421 , 527 , 529 , 532 249 , 448 , 452 , 454 – 455 , 458 –459 developmental stage, 9 , 248 , 323 , 381 , 405 , conjunction, 84 , 136 , 258 , 260 – 261 , 268 , 435 , 503 274 – 275 , 320 , 393 , 402 , 601 language development, 37 , 139 , 299 , 362 , connector, 53 , 188 , 237 , 257 – 258 , 260 – 261 , 493 , 373 , 378 , 387 , 389 , 398, 404 , 407 , 413 , 504 , 515 419 – 420 , 464 , 527 , 563 consonant, 109 , 115 – 119 , 128 , 132 , 134 , 249 dictionary, 15 , 59 , 72 , 109 , 117 , 119 , 122 , 124 , construction, 36 , 48 , 54 – 55 , 60 – 61 , 81 , 160 , 163 , 220 – 221 , 227 , 238 , 285 , 314 , 342 – 343 , 165 , 176 , 210 , 212 , 214– 216 , 221 , 233 , 240 , 393 , 436 , 438 , 476 – 477 , 488 – 491 , 494 , 503 , 269 , 271 , 274 , 289 , 298 – 299 , 329 , 336 , 340 , 507 , 509 , 519 , 528 , 544 , 546 , 624 345 – 346 , 350 , 353 – 354 , 357 , 359 – 360 , 362 , discipline, 13 , 44 , 210 , 222, 226 , 232 , 259 , 262 , 364 – 367 , 370 – 378 , 394 , 416 , 434 , 436 , 481 , 277 , 279 , 298 , 369 , 457 , 461 , 466 – 471 , 473 , 547 , 565 475 , 477 – 479 , 481 , 483 – 484 , 491 , 503 , 520 contrastive analysis, 39 , 55 , 108 , 168 , 310 , 330 , disciplinary writing, 466 , 468 – 472 , 474 , 477 , 335 – 336 , 338 – 340 , 353 – 354 , 356 480 – 481 , 483 – 484 Contrastive Interlanguage Analysis, 38 – 40 , discourse marker, 26 , 113 , 255 , 259 , 275 , 44 – 45 , 48 – 49 , 55 , 150 , 153 – 154 , 168 , 188 , 285 – 286 , 289 – 291 , 295 , 301 – 302 , 304 236 , 238 , 242 – 243 , 261 , 272 , 284 , 297 , 304 , dispersion, 38 , 160 , 174 , 177 , 209 , 222 , 305 , 471 339 , 409 , 469 , 471 , 478 , 527 , 529 , 531 ditransitive, 94 , 165 , 215 , 371 , 436 , 552 control corpus, see reference corpus Dutch, 62 , 134 , 164 , 215 , 232 , 237 , 240 , co-occurrence, 160 , 175 – 176 , 181 , 211 , 213 , 243 – 244 , 267 , 270 , 272 – 274 , 277 – 278 , 225 , 282 , 361 , 413 – 415 318 – 320 , 345 – 348 , 369 , 388 , 400 corpus design, 17 , 19 , 108 , 151 , 372 , 374 , 412 , 512 , 514 , 517 , 528 , 531 , 606 , 621 edit distance, 569 , 572 , 576 , 580 corpus-based, 24 , 36 – 38 , 43 – 44 , 48 , 52 , 55 , English as a Foreign Language (EFL), 43 – 46 , 72 – 73 , 83 , 126 – 127 , 149 , 152 , 160 , 190 , 51 – 52 , 65 , 153 , 190 , 193 , 206 , 214 , 237 , 239 , 256 , 260 , 272 , 277 , 286 , 292 , 295 , 218 – 219 , 224 , 228 – 229 , 236 – 238 , 242 , 254 , 301 – 302 , 317 – 318 , 342 , 349 , 355 , 362 , 401 , 256 – 265 , 267 , 269 – 274 , 277 – 279 , 295 , 317 , 403 , 406 – 407 , 409 , 413 , 419 – 420 , 428 , 456 , 364 , 373 , 377 , 388 , 421 , 425 – 427 , 429 , 435 ,

Subject index 737

440 , 457 , 472 , 486 , 489 , 509 , 513 , 527 , 529 , formant, 115 – 116 , 119 , 123 – 124 , 126 – 127 573 , 581 – 582 , 589 , 598 , 606 formulaicity, 59 – 60 , 227 , 317 , 357 , 360 , 362 , English as a lingua franca (ELF), 189 , 197 , 228 , 366 , 368 , 372 , 374 , 377 271 , 406 , 425 formula, 58 – 59 , 65 , 227 , 303 , 317 , 358 – 362 , English as a Second Language (ESL), 11 , 169 , 364 – 369 , 371 , 373 – 375 , 377 , 473 – 474 190 , 201 , 214 , 236 – 237 , 253 , 258 , 267 , 270 , formulaic language, 58 – 61 , 64 – 66 , 77 , 171 , 287 , 290 – 291 , 293 , 359 , 363 – 364 , 366 , 371 , 181 , 227 – 228 , 314 , 357 – 359 , 361 – 363 , 373 , 411 , 426 –427 , 429 , 436 , 440 , 472 , 365 – 378 , 414 , 474 , 484 496 – 497 , 548 , 581 , 586 , 595 French, 13 , 45 , 51 , 55 , 62 , 88 , 90 , 104 , 112 – 113 , English for Academic Purposes (EAP), 285 , 295 , 116 – 121 , 125 , 127 , 129 – 130 , 133 , 149 , 304 , 368 , 459 , 466 – 468 , 470 , 473 , 476 – 478 , 163 – 164 , 167 – 169 , 171 – 173 , 187 – 188 , 191 , 481 – 484 , 503 – 504 194 , 198 – 199 , 208 , 212 , 217 – 219 , 229 , English for General Academic Purposes 232 , 237 , 240 , 242 – 243 , 248 – 249 , 253 – 254 , (EGAP), 466 , 468 – 469 , 473 , 475 , 477 , 260 – 261 , 263 , 267 – 268 , 270 – 271 , 278 , 286 , 481 , 484 289 , 295 , 313 , 315 , 318 , 325 – 327 , 331 , English for Specifi c Academic Purposes 343 – 344 , 363 – 364 , 369 – 370 , 384 , 386 – 388 , (ESAP), 466 , 468 – 469 , 472 , 474 – 475 , 484 390 – 392 , 394 – 395 , 399 – 400 , 429 – 432 , 438 , English for Specifi c Purposes (ESP), 28 , 228 , 448 , 452 – 453 , 457 , 467 – 468 , 470 , 477 , 238 , 287 , 298 , 466 – 470 , 473 , 475 – 477 , 479 , 482 – 484 , 491 , 496 , 528 , 551 , 613 , 615 , 481 – 483 620 – 621 , 623 English Profi le, 500 , 505 – 506 , 509 , 520 , 522 , frequency list, 162 , 164 , 166 , 176 , 189 – 192 , 524 – 526 , 532 – 533 196 , 199 , 202 , 235 , 249 error, see also grammar, grammatical function word, 127 , 172 , 192 , 202 , 478 , error ; lexis, lexical error ; preposition, 612 – 614 , 620 , 626 preposition error ; spelling, spelling error fundamental frequency, 115 – 116 , 119 – 120 , error analysis, 2 , 41 , 55 , 94 , 129 , 135 – 140 , 124 , 128 , 130 , 132 142 , 146 , 149 , 153 – 154 , 156 – 157 , 238 , 252 , 335 – 336 , 339 , 343 , 494 , 510 , 553 , 582 gender, 139 , 248 – 249 , 322 , 407 , 518 – 519 , 551 error annotation/tagging, 2 , 37 , 40 – 41 , 46 , genitive, 95 , 345 53 , 79 , 83 , 87 , 90 , 94 – 95 , 104 – 105 , 112 , genitive alternation, 169 – 171 , 240 , 251 , 253 134 – 139 , 142 , 145 – 146 , 148 – 152 , 154 – 157 , genre, 12 , 16 , 29 , 45 , 51 , 53 – 54 , 188 , 190 – 191 , 254 , 347 , 390 , 400 , 426 , 440 , 469 , 477 , 487 , 206 , 226 , 253 , 255 – 257 , 265 , 270 , 274 – 275 , 490 , 496 , 498 –499 , 502 , 505 , 509 , 513 , 520 , 277 , 304 , 362 , 367 , 373 – 374 , 408 – 409 , 417 , 525 , 527 – 528 , 537 – 538 , 548 – 550 , 554 – 557 , 419 , 436 , 447 , 452 , 455 , 460 – 461 , 465 – 470 , 567 , 572 – 573 , 576 – 577 , 581 , 583 – 584 , 588 , 472 , 475 , 479 , 481 , 483 – 484 , 513 – 514 , 516 , 590 , 612 , 625 563 , 569 , 614 , 618 , 626 , see also register; error correction, 2 – 3 , 500 , 502 , 567 – 569 , text type 572 – 573 , 575 , 578 , 580 – 582 , 584 – 585 , 590 German, 10 , 13 , 22 , 26 , 28 , 34 , 43 , 51 – 52 , error detection, 3 , 497 , 500 , 502 , 510 , 554 , 62 , 88 , 91 , 94 – 95 , 112 , 117 , 127 – 128 , 564 – 565 , 567 , 569 , 572 , 574 – 575 , 578 , 581 , 133 , 138 , 143 , 149 , 152 , 154 , 163 – 165 , 584 – 586 , 590 – 591 169 – 171 , 178 , 196 , 208 , 212 – 215 , 218 – 219 , error pattern, 389 , 526 , 549 – 550 , 559 – 561 , 221 , 232 , 238 , 240 , 243 – 244 , 253 – 254 , 591 , 622 – 623 257 , 260 – 261 , 263 , 284 , 286 , 289 , error type, 36 , 41 , 46 , 62 , 97 , 104 , 135 – 143 , 295 – 297 , 319 – 320 , 336 , 345 – 348 , 353 , 369 , 146 , 148 – 151 , 154 – 157 , 196 , 218 – 221 , 254 , 384 , 390 , 393 , 400 , 409 , 413 , 415 , 421 , 336 , 389 , 490, 497 , 499 , 502 , 525 – 526 , 425 – 426 , 429 , 433 – 434 , 437 – 440 , 449 – 450 , 528 – 529 , 549 – 551 , 554 , 557 , 560 , 568 , 452 , 472 , 479 , 486 , 495 , 498 , 514 , 528 , 571 – 573 , 576 , 578 , 581 – 585 , 607 , 612 – 613 , 540 – 541 , 547 – 549 , 551 , 560 , 564 , 566 , 619 , 623 , 626 – 627 571 – 572 , 593 , 613 , 615 , 623 Estonian, 13 , 345 – 348 , 564 gold standard, 50 , 134 , 148 , 288 , 299 – 300 , 554 , experimentation, 29 , 35 , 42 – 43 , 46 – 48 , 57 – 58 , 572 – 574 60 , 63 – 64 , 66 – 68 , 74 – 76 , 121 , 128 , 131 , grammar, 40 – 41 , 46 , 60 – 62 , 69 , 81 – 82 , 91 , 97 , 135 , 159 , 181 , 190 – 191 , 222 , 253 , 317 , 111 – 113 , 116 , 138 , 140 , 142 – 144 , 146 , 148 , 327 – 328 , 331 , 342 , 358 – 359 , 367 – 368 , 386 , 151 , 153 , 155 – 156 , 162 , 217 , 231 – 243 , 394 – 395 , 398 , 428 , 437 , 445 , 453 , 455 – 456 , 245 – 247 , 249 – 253 , 258 , 274 – 276 , 278 , 283 , 462 – 463 , 502 , 562 , 575 , 596 , 620 – 621 , 627 285 , 311 , 314 – 315 , 319 , 322 – 323 , 328 , exposure, 30 , 189 , 213 – 214 , 227 , 326 , 338 , 373 , 341 – 342 , 345 , 348 , 357 , 360 – 361 , 363 – 364 , 386 , 388 , 394 , 405 , 410 , 412 – 413 , 420 , 370 – 371 , 378 , 387 – 388 , 391 – 393 , 397 , 402 , 424 , 427 – 428 , 431 – 432 , 438 , 447 , 458 , 496 , 404 , 411 , 421 , 428 , 431 , 438 – 440 , 465 , 469 , 528 , 614 472 , 475 – 476 , 486 – 489 , 491 – 502 , 507 , 519 , 525 – 526 , 528 , 532 , 540 – 543 , 547 , 549 – 553 , Finnish, 232 , 237 , 243 , 261 , 263 , 267 , 345 – 348 , 556 – 557 , 559 , 561 , 565 , 567 – 568 , 570 – 572 , 369 , 474 , 612 , 624 582 , 584 – 585 , 590 , 594 – 595 , 599 , 601 , 612 , fi rst language acquisition, 60 , 124 , 372 , 419 , 614 , 620 539 , 564 English grammar, 252 , 494 , 503 , 559 , 599 fl uency, 28 , 54 , 58 , 111 , 113 , 124 , 149 , 225 , 228 , grammatical error, 39 , 92 , 140 – 141 , 145 , 252 , 257 , 285 , 296 , 352 , 358 – 359 , 362 – 364 , 219 , 238 , 469 , 496 , 502 – 503 , 554 , 567 – 569 , 368 , 377 , 388 , 396 , 411 , 429 – 432 , 493 , 584 , 573 – 574 , 577 – 580 , 583 , 585 – 586 , 588 , 593 – 595 , 599 , 601 – 602 590 , 623

738 SUBJECT INDEX

grammar (cont.) learning context/situation, 354 , 381 , 423 – 425 , grammatical structure, 86 , 94 , 146 , 243 , 246 , 427 – 430 , 432 – 442 , 538 248 – 249 , 275 , 495 , 501 , 505 , 520 learning process, 108 , 186 , 205 , 311 , 325 , 330 , grammaticality, 42 , 111 , 141 , 218 , 359 , 365 , 357 – 358 , 370 , 380 , 423 – 425 , 428 , 439 , 442 , 394 , 502 462 , 588 lemma, 27 , 61 , 65 , 90 , 95 , 104 , 112 , 136 , 146 , hedge, 262 , 264 – 266 , 269 , 272 – 273 , 284 , 187 , 189 , 194 , 215 , 246 , 322 , 376 , 470 , 556, 286 – 287 , 301 , 349 – 350 , 368 , 471 – 472 , 576 , 601 , 616 474 – 475 , 504 lexico-grammar, 40 , 43 , 51 , 53 , 148 , 245 , 277 , 290 , 429 , 435 , 453 , 460 , 466 – 467 , 472 , idiomaticity, 50 , 58 , 144 , 209 , 330 , 357 – 358 , 474 , 479 – 482 , 487 , 490 , 497 , 501 , 506 , 373 , 375 , 415 527 – 528 , 623 individual difference, 52 , 181 , 224 , 289 , 291 , lexis, 2 , 40 , 60 – 61 , 112 , 148 , 185 – 186 , 188 – 189 , 312 , 318 , 385 191 , 193 , 197 , 204 – 205 , 231 , 267 , 312 , 314 , individual learner, 3 , 30 , 38 , 52 , 293 , 299 , 324 , 342 – 343 , 387 , 397 , 457 , 465 , 470 , 487 , 495 , 364 , 385 , 389 , 392 , 400 , 402 , 404 , 406 , 410 , 498 , 503 , see also vocabulary 420 , 424 – 425 , 433 , 440 lexical bundle, 58 , 65 , 208 – 211 , 213 , 218 , individual learning, 385 , 423 – 424 , 428 , 221 – 224 , 227 – 228 , 255 , 278 , 342 – 344 , 349 , 440 – 441 361 , 387 , 414 – 415 , 420 , 458 , 469 – 473 , 475 , infl ection, 81 , 95 , 97 – 98 , 139 , 147 – 149 , 154 , 477 , 481 , 484 , 522 , see also chunk; n-gram 187 , 194 , 198 , 347 , 370 , 555 , 557 , 572 , 576 , lexical diversity, 189 , 192 – 193 , 202 , 206 , 314 , 580 , 591 387 , 607 input, 60 , 62 , 74 , 97 , 189 , 192 , 227 , 291 , lexical error, 94 , 135 , 186 , 196 – 197 , 217 , 499 , 311 – 312 , 315 , 321 , 326 – 327 , 341 , 364 , 556 , 623 372 – 374 , 378 , 392 , 404 – 405 , 407 , 412 , lexical richness, 189 , 191 – 192 , 194 , 197 , 199 , 420 – 421 , 423 , 435 , 437 , 441 , 462 , 477 , 496 , 203 , 206 , 388 498 , 520 , 626 lexicon, 94 , 189 , 201 , 234 , 246 , 250 , 558 , instruction, 30 , 194 , 197 , 201 , 268 , 275 , 561 , 571 278 – 279 , 291 , 296 – 298 , 301 , 304 , 334 , 368 , local learner corpus, 15 , 28 , 298 , 449 , 452 , 387 , 390 , 392 , 394 , 399 , 411 , 416 , 428 , 454 – 455 , 461 – 462 , 464 , 483 , 499 430 , 456 , 466 , 484 , 498 , 502 – 503 , 519 , 573 , longitudinal design, see also developmental data 602 – 603 , 614 , 618 longitudinal corpus, 2 , 14 , 28 , 37 – 38 , instructional materials, 103 , 105 , 172 , 216 , 45 – 46 , 62 , 77 , 129 , 151 , 216 , 227 , 248 , 227 , 238 , 252 , 276 , 304 , 438 – 439 , 446 – 447 , 290 , 302 , 331 , 352 , 358 , 364 , 366 – 367 , 468 , 487 – 488 , 498 , 500 , 505 , 507 – 508 370 , 373 , 381 – 383 , 386 – 389 , 396 – 399 , intensifi er, 43 , 212 , 226 , 284 , 287 , 495 421 , 488 , 520 interpersonal (meta)discourse, 229 , 258 – 259 , longitudinal study, 151, 197 , 298 , 302 , 328 , 262 , 265 , 272 , 286 , 348 364 , 377 , 380 – 382 , 386 – 387 , 389 , 394 – 395 , interview, 24 – 26 , 31 , 42 – 44 , 52 , 112 , 127 , 129 , 398 , 424 , 429 , 450 , 563 133 , 191 , 194 , 223 , 248 , 291 , 295 , 297 , 299 , 323 , 326 – 328 , 366 , 371 , 386 , 392 , 406 , 408 , machine learning, 521 , 538 , 549 – 550 , 579 , 601 , 431 , 448 , 460 , 475 , 595 605 , 607 , 621 intonation, 27 , 39 , 114 – 117 , 119 – 122 , 128 , mal-rule, 551 – 553 , 561 132 – 133 , 292 – 293 , 601 metadata, 15 , 18 – 19 , 23 , 27 , 31 , 49 , 52 , 125 , inversion, 47 – 48 , 62 , 246 – 248 , 320 – 321 288 – 289 , 291 , 293 , 379 – 380 , 385 , 390 , 396 , involvement, 44, 266 – 267 , 273 , 287 , 290 , 411 , 401 , 410 , 412 – 414 , 418 – 420 , 468 , 488 , 513 , 416 – 418 , 480 516 , 518 – 519 , 523 , 538 Italian, 10 , 13 , 72 , 102 , 112 , 117 – 118 , 130 , 191 , metadiscourse, 55 , 258 – 260 , 262 , 271 – 273 , 277 , 196 , 214 , 232 , 243 , 254 , 263 , 270 – 271 , 315 , 453 , 457 , 466 , 474 – 475 , 480 319 , 337 , 369 , 371 , 384 , 398 , 400 , 495 , 520 , metaphor, 429 , 437 – 439 532 , 593 misuse, 40 – 41 , 49 , 153 , 212 , 217 , 263 , 405 , 487 , 497 , 504 , 523 , 570 Japanese, 13 , 52 , 62 , 65 , 105 , 110 , 112, 118 , modality, 146 , 152 – 153 , 162 , 263 , 270 , 283 , 131 , 169 , 237 – 238 , 254 , 268 , 270 , 318 , 336 , 287 , 290 , 301 , 327 , 350 , 374 352 , 363 , 365 , 399 , 405 , 420 – 421 , 506 , epistemic modality, 153 , 162 , 263 , 265 , 272 , 541 – 542 , 574 , 582 , 598 , 620 – 621 285 , 287 , 484 modal, 141 , 152 , 162 , 175 , 263 , 268 , 270 , 286 , keyword, 2 , 38 , 44 , 125 , 305 , 389 , 458 – 459 , 295 , 297 – 298 , 350 , 396 , 450 , 498 , 504 , 526 469 – 470 , 472 – 473 , 478 , 481 modal verb, 153 , 263 – 265 , 271 , 284 , 480 , Korean, 254 , 266 , 270 , 497 , 502 , 564, 598 482 , 485 , 569 morphology, 87 , 97 – 98 , 101 , 111 , 137 , 139 – 140 , Language for Specifi c Purposes (LSP) 12 , 465 , 142 , 148 , 198 – 199 , 212 , 246 , 248 , 311 – 312 , 467 , 470 , 480 , 482 – 483 , 520 , 522 , see also 314 , 323 – 325 , 345 – 348 , 365 , 386 , 388 , English for Specifi c Purposes 392 , 402 – 403 , 537 , 546 – 547 , 555 – 558 , language variety, 1 , 12 , 18 , 29 , 33 , 38 , 40 , 571 – 572 , 580 237 , 440 morpheme, 60 – 61 , 83 , 111 , 152 , 296 , 322 , varieties of English, 11 , 427 , 435 , 442 362 , 380 , 563 , 576 learner profi le, 18 , 24 , 190 , 227 , 386 , 399 , 410 , morphosyntax, 99 – 100 , 170 , 236 , 241 , 254 , 315 , 413 , 419 , 429 , 433 , 488 , 490 , 528 , 532 317 , 388 , 391 , 556

Subject index 739

mother tongue, 13 , 52 , 117 , 159 , 216 , 219 , 263 , 547 – 548 , 550 – 553 , 561 , 565 , 568 , 584 – 585 , 337 , 362 , 380 , 385 , 423 , 449 , 488 , 493 , 500 , 588 , 605 514 , 519 – 520 , 523 , 531 , 584 particle, 87 , 213 – 214 , 268 , 284 – 286 , 295 , mother-tongue background, 13 , 26 , 29 , 381 , 297 – 298 , 416 , 450 , 498 , 559 – 560 394 , 401 , 490 , 493 , 495 , 497 – 498 , 500 , 504 , part of speech (POS), 26 – 27 , 79 , 92 , 95 , 97 – 98 , 506 – 507 , 527 , 606 101 , 104 , 111 – 112 , 136 – 137 , 146 , 148 , 152 , motivation, 27 , 224 , 327 , 385 , 403, 406 , 419 , 155 , 164 , 212 , 236 , 243 , 260 , 263 , 323 , 325 , 464 , 517 421 , 529 , 537 , 540 , 542 , 544 – 546 , 549 , 557 , multimodal corpus, 12 , 21 , 28 , 32 , 128 – 129 , 559 – 560 , 570 , 579 , 581 , 596 , 601 , 607 , 620 291 , 293 – 294 , 301 , 352 POS tagging, 1 , 53 , 79 – 84 , 86 – 88 , multi-word, 39 , 58 , 68 , 77 , 186 , 207 – 208 , 213 , 90 – 95 , 97 – 105 , 111 – 112 , 123 , 214 , 217 – 219 , 227 , 244 , 285 , 304 , 362 , 397 , 399 , 236 – 237 , 243 , 388 , 496 , 498 , 518 , 526 , 528 , 414 , 469 , 473 , 481 , 612 613 , 621 passive, 223 , 238 , 253 , 266 , 271 , 320 , 350 , 416 , narrative, 42 , 62 , 112 , 197 , 199 , 257 , 278 , 366 , 479 , 493 , 495 , 501 , 503 386 – 387 , 528 pause, 27 , 39 , 111 , 113 , 115 – 116 , 120 , 124 , 286 , native corpus, 236 – 237 , 243 – 244 , 247 , 263 , 391 , 295 , 352 , 431 485 – 486 , 489 , 494 , 503 – 504 , 512 – 513 , 522 , pedagogy, 1 , 15 , 18 , 49 , 129 , 132 , 187 , 191 , 530 , 554 , 591 , 624 194 , 201 , 219 , 228 , 234 – 235 , 237 – 239 , 252 , native English, 152 , 164 , 212 , 229 , 236 – 237 , 256 , 258 , 279 , 294 , 296 , 298 , 304 , 311 , 314 , 244 , 246 , 260 – 261 , 320 , 359 , 369 , 376 , 430 , 334, 341 , 378 , 385 , 391 , 393 – 394 , 399 , 421 , 448 , 539 – 540 , 596 – 597 425 – 426 , 439 , 451 , 456 , 461 , 464 , 466 , 477 , native language identiﬁ cation (NLI), 537 , 563 , 483 , 485 – 489 , 491 – 493 , 495 – 496 , 499 – 503 , 605 – 608 , 610 – 627 505 , 507 – 509 , 524 , 528 , 530 , 571 , 604 , 623 natural language processing (NLP), 3 , 84 , 98 , pedagogic corpus, 421 , 446 – 449 , 462 481 , 496 , 498 , 509 , 524 , 537 – 539 , 543 – 545 , phonetics, 19 , 26 – 27 , 69 , 107 , 109 –112 , 547 – 550 , 554 , 556 , 558 , 561 – 565 , 572 , 114 – 119 , 121 – 122 , 124 – 125 , 127 , 129 – 132 , 577 – 578 , 584 – 585 , 587 – 588 , 590 – 591 , 134 , 137 , 250 , 270 , 337 , 595 593 – 594 , 596 – 597 , 600 – 605 , 626 – 627 phonetic transcription, see transcription, naturalistic data, 42 , 47 – 48 , 232 , 290 – 291 , 364 , phonetic transcription 367 , 371 – 373 phonology, 20 , 26 , 39 , 69 – 70 , 108 , 114 , negation, 167 – 168 , 315 , 333 , 346 , 353 , 509 , 116 – 119 , 121 – 123 , 125 , 127 , 129 , 132 , 137 , 542 , 556 – 557 170 , 247 , 250 , 253 , 270 , 312 , 318 , 338 , 352 , n-gram, 39 , 90 , 171 – 172 , 176 , 179 , 208 – 209 , 403 , 405 , 440 – 441 , 571 – 572 213 , 226 – 227 , 237 , 300 , 361 , 367 , 369 , 478 , phoneme, 27 , 108 , 114 , 117 – 119 , 121 – 122 , 570 , 610 , 612 – 614 , 616 , 620 – 622 , 627 , see 124 – 125 , 127 , 130 , 358 , 572 also chunk ; lexis, lexical bundle phraseology, 2 , 66 , 111 , 186 , 207 – 208 , 210 – 211 , bigram, 66 , 210 , 217 , 223 – 225 , 387 , 570 , 213 , 216 – 219 , 225 – 229 , 245 , 317 , 343 , 348 , 612 – 613 , 620 – 621 , 624 , 626 352 , 360 – 362 , 367 , 375 , 387 , 413 , 458 , 466 , letter n-gram, 613 , 620 , 626 469 –470 , 472 , 475 , 477 – 478 , 480 , 503 – 504 , POS n-gram, 237 , 613 – 614 , 616 , 621 – 622 524 , 557 norm, 40 – 41 , 49 – 50 , 62 , 67 , 189 , 192 , 220 , 227 , pitch, 20 , 27 , 111 , 116 , 120 – 121 , 123 , 128 , 130 , 247 , 270 , 281 , 296 , 299 , 329 , 361 – 362 , 364, 132 – 133 , 292 , 479 367 – 369 , 423 , 426 , 434 – 435 , 545 placement test, 23 , 30 , 511 , 514 Norwegian, 30 , 52 , 149 , 163 , 167 , 178 , Polish, 13 , 24 – 26 , 41 , 110 , 243 , 261 , 272 – 273 , 210 , 212 – 213 , 217 , 219 , 285 , 453 , 467 , 369 , 433 – 434 , 560 483 – 484 , 606 pragmatics, 47 , 140 , 281– 284 , 288 , 291 – 295 , noun, 81 , 86 , 88 , 97 – 98 , 102 , 148 , 150 , 152 , 298 – 305 , 312 , 318 , 345 , 498 162 , 187 – 188 , 194 , 210 , 212 , 217 , 219 – 222 , pragmatic annotation, see annotation, 243 , 249 , 263 , 274 , 322 – 323 , 345 , 372 , 376 , pragmatic annotation 393 , 458 – 459 , 472 – 473 , 478 – 479 , 490 , 492 , pragmatic category, 283 , 287 , 301 , 303 499 , 502 , 525 , 529 , 540 , 544 , 546 , 550 – 551 , prefabricated language, 58 , 362 – 363 , 573 , 578 , 594 , 613 , 621 390 – 392 , 472 noun phrase, 81 , 83 – 84 , 93 – 94 , 136 – 137 , 143 , preposition, 45 – 46 , 84 , 87 , 93 , 165 , 214 – 215 , 149 – 150 , 153 , 212 , 220 , 345 , 391 , 480 , 500, 220 , 222 , 238 , 260 , 269 , 372 , 375 – 376 , 502 , 543 , 551 , 596 414 – 415 , 434 , 449 , 485 , 490 , 492 , 495 , 497 , 546 – 548 , 557 , 559 , 567 , 569 , 574 – 575 , oral corpus, see speech, spoken corpus 579 – 580 , 583 , 585 , 590 , 596 – 597 , 623 – 624 orthography, see spelling preposition error, 548 , 571 , 573 – 575 , overuse, 40 , 44 , 49 , 55 , 62 , 101 , 151 , 153 , 578 – 581 , 583 , 596 163 – 165 , 169 , 172 , 188 , 213 – 214 , 217 – 219 , proﬁ ciency 225 , 235 – 236 , 239 – 240 , 247 – 248 , 251 , 253 , advanced, 25 – 26 , 43 , 47 , 62 , 71 – 72 , 82 , 84 , 257 , 261 – 262 , 264 , 267 , 270 – 271 , 274 – 275 , 119 , 121 , 143 , 192 , 194 – 195 , 216 – 217 , 219 , 284 , 286 , 295 , 301 – 302 , 343 – 344 , 346 – 348 , 222 , 226 , 231 , 242 , 248 – 249 , 255 , 277 , 295 , 377 , 388 , 405 , 449 , 464 , 487 , 504 – 505 300 , 317 , 319 – 320 , 322 , 329 , 341 , 343 , 365 , 392 , 395 – 396 , 402 – 403 , 411 – 412 , 434 , 453 , parsing, 79 – 82 , 84 , 87 – 88 , 92 , 98 – 101 , 103 , 105 , 460 , 462 , 479 – 480 , 490 , 495 , 527 , 532 , 152 , 215 , 236 , 241 , 243 , 388 , 518 , 526 , 532 , 545 , 595

740 SUBJECT INDEX

profi ciency (cont.) 302 , 309 – 310 , 312 – 313 , 315 – 316 , 318 – 319 , beginner, 22 , 28 , 198 , 200 , 204 , 316 , 323 , 321 – 322 , 327 , 329 – 330 , 342 , 362 , 373 , 399 , 326 – 327 , 335 , 364 , 366 , 370 , 387 , 390 , 406 – 408 , 419 , 425 – 426 , 561 – 564 392 – 393 , 402 , 497 SLA theory, 239 – 241 , 246 , 248 , 309 – 311 , 318 , intermediate, 22 , 52 , 55 , 87 , 102 , 121 , 163 , 325 , 328 , 425 – 429 216 – 217 , 268 , 293 , 318 , 365 , 390 – 392 , 402 , second language learner, 10 , 16 , 55 , 58 , 65 , 71 , 412 , 433 , 469 , 489 , 497 , 539 77 , 139 , 186 , 221 , 242 , 302 , 357 , 359 , 371 , language profi ciency, 289 , 385 –386 , 411 , 432 , 379 , 486 , 565 493 , 505 , 512 , 528 , 532 , 588 semantics, 47 , 79 , 82 , 89 , 99 – 100 , 103 , 128 , oral profi ciency, 68 – 70 , 384 , 595 153 , 170 , 172 , 208 , 211 – 212 , 214 – 215 , 226 , profi ciency level, 14 , 18 , 22 – 23 , 25 , 30 , 37 , 232 , 244 – 246 , 258 – 260 , 270 – 271 , 274 , 276 , 48 , 52 , 99 – 100 , 102 , 119 , 121 , 129 , 134 , 312 , 317 – 319 , 323 , 337 , 345 , 348 , 376 , 150 – 151 , 188 , 190 – 191 , 193 , 196 , 203 , 420 , 438 , 449 , 472 – 473 , 504 , 545 – 547 , 564 , 216 – 217 , 227 , 229 , 231 , 238 , 240 , 245 , 601 – 602 248 – 249 , 254 , 267 , 285 – 286 , 289 , 301 – 302 , semantic prosody, 473 314 , 316 , 318 , 323 , 329 , 351 , 362 , 369 , Spanish, 13 , 22 – 23 , 45 – 47 , 51 , 62 , 69 , 97 , 112 , 381 – 382 , 384 – 386 , 392 , 396 , 402 , 411 – 413 , 118 , 133 , 153 , 163 – 164 , 194 , 196 , 208 , 218 , 419 , 421 , 433 , 438 , 474 , 484 , 488 , 490 , 229 , 232 , 237 – 238 , 240 , 243 , 246 , 248 , 254 , 493 , 495 , 498 , 500 , 502 – 503 , 505 , 507 , 261 , 263 – 264 , 270 – 275 , 278 , 285 – 286 , 289 , 512 , 514 – 515 , 520 –521 , 523 – 527 , 529 – 532 , 292 , 314 , 319 , 322 – 323 , 331 , 337 , 349 – 350 , 538 , 554 , 593 , 614 – 615 , 625 365 , 369 , 384 , 387 , 425 , 427 , 452 , 467 , 482 , upper-intermediate, 25 , 44 , 47 , 293 , 421 , 494 , 497 – 498 , 500 , 520 , 528 , 539 , 591 , 598 , 489 , 514 612 – 613 , 615 , 620 – 623 writing profi ciency, 387 , 515 , 588 , 601 – 602 speech pronoun, 50 , 93 , 188 , 267 , 271 , 273 , 279 , 286 , mute spoken corpus, 12 , 15 , 22 , 26 , 107 , 290 , 295 , 297 , 311 , 314 , 322 , 331 , 365 , 372 , 110 – 114 376 , 391 , 417 , 478 – 480 , 484 , 529 , 556 – 557 , speech recognition, 21 , 131 , 592 – 594 , 599 , 559 – 560 , 601 , 623 603 , 605 , 623 , 626 pronunciation, 20 , 26 – 27 , 108 – 109 , 111 , spoken corpus, 19 , 79 , 107 – 108 , 110 , 117 , 113 – 118 , 121 – 122 , 125 , 129 – 131 , 134 , 122 , 133 – 134 , 191 , 239 , 248 , 250 , 285 – 286 , 250 , 342 , 359 , 402 , 407 , 571 , 592 – 595 , 291 – 292 , 313 , 318 , 323 , 331 , 497 , 522 , 532 599 , 601 – 603 spoken data, 10 , 107 , 109 , 232 , 235 , 292 – 293 , prosody, 26 – 27 , 39 , 68 , 107 – 110 , 112 , 114 – 115 , 325 , 523 120– 123 , 125 , 128 , 130 – 133 , 292 , 318 , 426 , spoken English, 110 , 298 , 447 , 597 473 , 532 , 599 spoken language, 80 , 94 – 95 , 136 , 296 , 352 , pseudo-longitudinal design, 14 , 19 , 37 , 151 , 362 , 364 , 367 , 539 , 545 , 565 , 587 , 592 , 216 , 254 , 381 – 384 , 386 – 387 , 390 , 392 , 603 – 604 434 , 488 spoken learner corpus, 12 , 15 – 17 , 19 , 22 , psycholinguistics, 57 – 58 , 60 , 62 – 65 , 68 , 73 – 77 , 107 – 112 , 117 , 122 , 130 , 133 , 248 , 289 , 399 , 124 , 173 , 317 , 355 , 358 , 361 – 362 , 367 – 368 , 482 373 – 374 , 405 , 407 , 428 , 533 spoken learner data, 19 , 24 , 39 , 89 , 108 , 114 – 115 , 123 , 223 , 439 quasi-longitudinal design, see speech act, 282 – 284 , 287 – 288 , 292 – 293 , pseudo-longitudinal design 295 – 296 , 299 – 301 , 303 – 304 spelling, 21 , 39 – 40 , 81 , 87 , 90 , 99 , 101 , 136 , rating, 52 , 54 , 72 , 129 , 151 , 180 – 181 , 195 – 196 , 147 , 196 , 503 , 545 , 549 , 554 , 568 – 570 , 572 , 202 – 204 , 206 , 346 , 502 , 506 , 512 , 515 , 521 , 576 , 580 , 582 – 584 , 586 , 620 523 – 524 , 532 , 594 , 599 – 601 , 615 misspelling, 196 , 199 , 549 , 555 , 571 , reference corpus, 39 – 40 , 42 , 44 – 45 , 47 – 48 , 576 , 583 50 – 51 , 55 , 59 , 72 , 83, 246 , 347 , 387 – 388 , spelling error, 88 , 92 , 145 , 489 , 529 , 391 , 409 , 433 , 445 , 447 – 448 , 469 – 471 , 567 – 572 , 575 – 578 , 580 , 582 , 586 , 591 , 473 – 475 , 481 – 482 , 487 , 498 , 505 , 512 , 591 620 , 623 register, 40 , 44 , 51 , 54 , 74 , 89 , 135 , 140 – 142 , stance, 172 , 209 , 223 , 255 , 267 , 270 – 271 , 273 , 150 , 159 , 177 , 186 , 196 , 216 , 226 , 235 , 237 , 275 , 287 , 292 , 301 , 349 , 400 , 453 , 471 , 474 , 253 , 257 , 261 , 266 , 273 , 277 – 278 , 351 , 354 , 476 , 484 373 , 408 , 412 , 416 – 417 , 465 , 467 , 495 , 501 , statistics, 2 , 26 , 60 , 75 , 148 – 149 , 160 – 164 , 172 , 504 , see also genre ; text type 174 , 176 – 177 , 179 – 181 , 301 , 360 , 379 , 389 , regression, 61 , 75 , 161 , 165 – 170 , 380 , 395 , 410 , 476 , 597 431 – 432 , 438 , 529 , 597 , 600 , 620 association measure, 160 , 163 – 165 , 175 – 176 , regression modelling, 161 , 166 , 168 , 180 211 , 387 rhetoric, 44 , 218 , 255 , 257 , 270 , 273 , 275 – 277 , chi square, 44 , 160 , 163 , 166 , 171 , 174 – 175 , 283 , 348 , 350, 352 , 458 , 460 , 468 , 470 , 223 , 243 , 249 , 271 , 286 , 295 , 301 , 417 473 – 476 , 481 , 504 , 602 mutual information (MI), 72 , 160 , 165 , routine, 58 , 130 , 243 , 246 , 358 , 362 – 363 , 375 175 – 176 , 211 , 213 , 217 , 229 , 359 , 361 , Russian, 13 , 52 , 71 , 243 , 261 , 365 , 369 , 574 , 367 – 368 , 387 , 414 , 498 584 , 620 – 621 signifi cance test, 160 – 161 , 163 – 164 , 172 statistical analysis, 36 – 37 , 121 , 153 , 174 , 190 , second language acquisition (SLA) 253 , 295 , 369 , 389 , 414 , 529 , 616 SLA research, 3 , 9 , 24 , 33 , 42 , 46 , 48 , 60 , statistical method, 75 – 76 , 160 , 180 , 301 , 403 , 159 , 179 , 205 , 232 , 246 , 250 – 251 , 297 , 411 – 412 , 570 , 578 – 579 , 585

Subject index 741

t- score, 165 , 211 , 213 , 217 , 359 , 387 , 311 , 326 – 328 , 351 , 385 , 389 , 395 , 402 , 414 – 415 , 498 406 , 423 , 441 , 445 , 447 , 449 – 457 , 461 – 464 , style, 40 , 44 – 45 , 51 , 145 , 148 , 188 , 212 , 218 , 269 , 476 – 478 , 482 , 486 – 487 , 495 – 497 , 501 – 502 , 290 , 299 , 349 , 392 , 404 , 411 , 416 , 460 , 497 , 506 – 507 , 509 , 512 – 515 , 523 – 524 , 526 , 532 , 528 , 537 , 542 , 555 , 557 – 558 , 594 , 601 , 623 562 , 581 subject–verb agreement, 144 , 403 , 540 , 551 , teaching materials, see instruction, 553 , 569 , 578 , 583 instructional materials suprasegmental features, 108 – 109 , 111 , 114 , tense, 81 , 93 , 139 , 146 , 172 , 238 , 240 , 253 , 311 , 122 , 125 , 130 331 , 390 , 394 –395 , 399 , 470 , 488 , 501 , 529 , Swedish, 13 , 29 , 52 , 164 , 187 – 188 , 209 , 212 , 540 , 556 – 557 , 568 214 , 228 , 232 , 243 – 244 , 248 – 249 , 259 – 261 , testing, 23 , 51 , 69 – 70 , 112 , 123 , 127 , 137 , 160 , 263 , 267 , 269 , 369 , 384 , 390 – 392 , 414 , 163 – 164 , 166 , 168 , 171 – 172 , 174 , 178 , 191 , 416 – 418 , 471 , 474 , 612 , 622 224 , 243 , 265 , 276 , 287 , 294 , 299 , 326 – 327 , syntax, 43 , 47 – 48 , 60, 62 , 68 , 79 – 82 , 87 , 91 – 95 , 368 , 374 , 384 – 386 , 394 , 405 , 419 – 420 , 428 , 97 , 99 , 101 , 103 – 104 , 120 , 127 – 128 , 137 , 438 – 440 , 449 , 453 , 467 , 480 , 482 , 484 , 487 , 141 – 143 , 152 , 155 , 160 , 165 , 214 , 224 – 226 , 502 – 503 , 511 – 524 , 526 , 530 – 533 , 542 , 548 , 231 , 234 , 236 , 241 – 243 , 245 – 247 , 250 , 254 , 554 , 583 , 587 – 592 , 595 , 597 – 599 , 602 – 604 , 270 , 274 – 275 , 300 , 311 – 312 , 318 – 325 , 337 , 620 – 621 345 , 348 – 349 , 370 , 388 – 389 , 391 , 393 – 394 , text type, 2 , 50 – 51 , 57 , 70 , 79 , 151 , 255 , 257 , 399 – 400 , 403 , 409 , 413 , 433 – 434 , 481 , 489 , 265 , 272 – 273 , 277 , 349 , 479 , 513 , 520 , 523, 494 , 526 , 532 , 537 , 544 – 547 , 550 , 555 – 558 , 531 , see also genre ; register 561 , 564 , 566 , 594 , 597 , 601 – 602 , 612 – 613 , textbook, 237 – 238 , 262 , 267 , 276 , 278 , 296 , 620 , 624 393 , 405 , 421 , 446 – 448 , 453 , 457 , 477 , 485 , syntactic complexity, 123 , 202 , 247 , 388 , 390 , 494 , 508 , 581 392 – 394 , 399 , 614 , 627 training data, 87 , 89 , 93 , 103 , 105 , 412 , 558 , 579 , 582 , 584 , 608 , 615 – 618 , 624 tagging, 40, 82 , 86 – 87 , 93 – 95 , 97 , 99 – 100 , transcription, 25 , 28 , 39 , 108 – 112 , 117 –119 , 104 – 105 , 147 – 148 , 257 , 275 , 287 , 301 , 393 , 121 – 125 , 127 , 133 , 136 , 197 , 240 , 248 , 295 , 469 , 482 , 502 , 518 , 532 , 558 , 588 , 594 , 298 , 352 , 373 , 382 , 539 , 593 613 , 625 , see also annotation ; error, error orthographic transcription, 20 , 27 , 109 , 130 annotation/tagging ; part of speech, POS phonetic transcription, 20 , 26 – 27 , 107 , tagging 117 – 119 , 130 , 595 tagger, 87 – 90 , 92 – 94 , 97 , 101 – 102 , 104 – 105 , transcript, 20 – 21 , 25 , 59 , 69 , 107 , 109 , 111 , 236 – 237 , 288 , 299 – 300 , 388, 393 , 556 – 558 , 113 , 124 – 125 , 224 , 240 , 288 , 292 , 323, 325 , 569 , 584 447 , 513 , 626 tagging error, 90 , 92 – 93 , 99 , 101 – 102 , 104 transfer, 45 , 55 , 58 , 62 , 116 – 118 , 153 , 210 , tagset, 84 , 90 , 92 , 94 – 95 , 99 , 136 , 146 , 148 , 215 – 219 , 221 , 229 , 233 , 236 , 242 – 243 , 153 – 155 , 157 , 320 , 546 248 , 261 , 269 , 284 , 292 , 298 , 315 , target hypothesis, 41 , 80 , 91 , 95 , 97 , 100 – 102 , 317 , 320 – 322 , 333 – 335 , 337 – 341 , 345 , 104 – 105 , 136 , 141 – 148 , 155 , 157 , 540 – 543 , 348 – 356 , 373 , 388 , 470 , 476 , 490 , 500 , 545 , 555 – 557 527 , 530 , 558 , 605 – 606 , 624 , 627 , see also target language, 10 , 13 – 14 , 16 , 22 , 26 – 27 , cross-linguistic inﬂ uence 30 , 41 , 49 , 101 – 102 , 104 , 110 , 117 – 118 , transfer effect, 38 , 45 , 62 , 171 – 172 , 155 , 213 , 224 , 227 , 231 – 232 , 235 , 237 , 257 , 260 – 261 , 266 , 270 , 276 , 289 , 242 , 248 , 262 – 263 , 265 , 269 , 276 , 278 , 337 , 339 – 343 , 345 , 348 , 352 , 394 , 410 , 281 , 284 , 333 , 335 , 337 – 338 , 340 – 341 , 427 , 623 , 627 349 , 352 , 381 , 384 –386 , 392 , 402 – 403 , transfer study, 333 , 338 , 342 , 345 , 351 , 353 406 , 410 , 416 , 425 , 429 – 430 , 432 – 434 , translation, 10 , 55 , 132 , 152 , 172 – 173 , 196 , 218 , 440 – 441 , 446 , 451 , 456 , 516 , 518 , 527 , 334 , 339 , 362 , 407 , 438 , 465 , 477 , 500 , 542 , 540 – 543 , 571 – 572 , 585 , 605 – 606 , 614 , 545 , 558 , 560 , 565 , 585 , 624 619 , 624 type-token, 160 , 164 – 165 , 192 – 193 , 202 , 213 , task, 1 , 16 , 18 , 27 , 29 , 32 , 38 , 42 , 45 , 48 – 51 , 358 , 367 , 374 , 376 – 378 , 471 64 , 66 – 73 , 109 , 112 , 121 , 124 , 127 – 128 , 151 , 188 , 193 – 194 , 221 , 232 , 253 , 268 , unaccusative, 47 , 246 – 247 , 253 , 497 , 502 282 , 289 , 293 – 294 , 299 , 303 , 313 – 314 , underuse, 40 , 44 , 49 , 51 , 62 , 71 , 101 , 151 , 323 , 327 – 329 , 338 , 342 , 345 , 351 , 353 , 153– 154 , 163 – 164 , 169 , 187 – 188 , 212 , 214 , 359 , 364 – 366 , 370 , 373 – 374 , 382 , 386 , 217 , 235 – 237 , 239 – 240 , 251 , 253 , 257 , 393 – 394 , 398 , 404 , 407 , 409 – 411 , 414 , 261 – 262 , 285 , 287 , 289 , 295 – 296 , 302 , 339 , 416 – 417 , 428 , 451 – 452 , 454 , 461 , 464 , 343 , 346 – 348 , 360 , 377 , 405 , 437 , 439 , 464 , 476 – 477 , 499 – 500 , 503 , 507 , 511 – 513 , 487 , 495 , 504 – 505 516 – 521 , 523 – 524 , 526 , 528 , 531 , 537 , usage-based model, 53 , 58 , 60 – 61 , 63 , 156 , 211 , 539 , 542 , 548 , 562 – 564 , 584 , 587 – 589 , 231, 234 , 250 , 357 , 360 , 362 , 368 , 378 , 398 , 592 – 594 , 603 , 605 – 606 , 620 – 621 405 , 440 teaching language teaching, 3 , 33 , 49 , 227 , 232 , 252 , variability, 2 , 4 , 37 , 40 , 49 – 50 , 52 , 79 , 119 , 227 , 276 , 296 , 386, 399 , 445 , 448 – 449 , 462 , 464 , 245 , 338 , 368 , 390 , 393 , 396 , 401 – 404 , 409 , 486 – 487 , 505 , 507 – 508 , 510 , 513 , 530 414 – 415 , 418 – 421 , 424 , 507 , 545 , 562 , 599 teacher, 3 , 11 , 15 , 26 , 29 , 32 , 129 , 152 , 154 , verb, 47 , 51 , 58 , 62 , 81 , 85 , 87 , 93 – 94 , 185 , 188 , 190 , 195 , 227 , 252 , 257 , 264 , 97 , 136 , 140 , 143 , 150 , 153 – 154 , 165 , 270 , 272 , 275 – 276 , 291 – 292 , 296 , 299 , 187 , 194 , 210 , 212 – 215 , 217 – 221 , 238 ,

742 SUBJECT INDEX

242 , 244 , 246 – 248 , 253 , 263 , 268 , 271 , word order, 101 , 148 , 241 – 242 , 246 , 274 , 322 – 323 , 274 , 279 , 311 , 313 , 318 – 320 , 322 – 323 , 331 , 520 , 543 , 547 , 552 , 554 – 556 , 558 – 561 331 , 343 – 344 , 346 , 365 – 366 , 370 – 376 , word sequence, 171 , 212 , 229 , 361 , 387 , 570 , 392 – 393 , 405 , 414 , 420 – 421 , 429 , 597 , 605 433 – 434 , 436 – 439 , 449 , 453 , 458 – 459 , working memory, 64 , 68 – 71 , 75 , 326 – 328 , 470 , 473 , 475 , 479 – 480 , 488 – 489 , 374 , 385 492– 493 , 495 , 497 , 501 – 502 , 506 , writer reader visibility, 255 , 266 – 267 , 271 , 273 539 – 540 , 544 , 546 , 551 , 553 , 556 – 557 , writing 559 – 560 , 568 – 569 , 578 , 580 , 594 , 596 , expert writing, 40 , 50 , 223 , 229 , 264 – 265 , 621 , 623 267 , 271 , 274 , 276 , 350 , 370 , 448 , 453 – 454 , lexical verb, 94 , 162 , 171 , 242 , 264 – 265 , 457 – 459 , 466 , 469 , 471 , 474 – 475 , 477 320 – 321 , 479 novice writing, 40 , 45 , 50 , 208 , 222 – 223 , 226 , phrasal verb, 196 , 211 , 213 – 214 , 217 , 317 , 229 , 261 , 264 , 266 , 268 , 271 – 272 , 276 , 350 , 387 , 506 – 507 , 559 458 , 469 , 471 , 474 vocabulary, 44 , 61 , 77 , 160 , 164 , 185 – 186 , writing skill, 276 , 278 , 448 , 454 , 602 188 – 189 , 191 , 193 , 197 – 201 , 203 , 205 – 206 , written corpus, 21 , 107 , 117 , 122 , 209 , 240 , 220 – 221 , 298 , 314 , 326 – 328 , 342 , 373 – 374 , 248 , 313 , 459 , 532 387 , 389 , 400 , 402 – 403 , 411 , 413 , 456 , written English, 190 , 219 , 273 , 287 , 433 , 467 , 460 , 467 – 468 , 473 , 481 , 489 , 500 – 501 , 503 , 489 , 520 506 , 520 , 522 – 523 , 525 , 597 , 599 , 601 – 602 , written learner corpus, 12 , 19 , 22 , 43 , 125, see also lexis 267 , 521 vowel, 109 , 111 , 113 , 115 – 116 , 118 – 119 , 123 , 126 – 127 , 129 , 132 Zipf, 162 , 165 , 180 – 181 , 199 – 201 , 371 , 375 – 377

Corpus index

Acquisition Corpora of Czech (AKCES), 149 Child Language Data Exchange System Active Learning of English for Science Students (CHILDES), 124 , 232 , 240 , 323 , 373 , 539 , 564 (ALESS) Learner Corpus, 13 Chinese Academic Writing English (CAWE), AixOx, 110 , 112 , 118 , 129 , 133 468 , 478 Andrespråkskorpus (ASK), 30 , 149 , 606 Chinese Learner English Corpus (CLEC), 549 , ANGLISH, 110 , 112 – 113 , 115 , 121 , 130 – 131 , 133 559 , 590 Annotiertes Lernersprachenkorpus (ALeSKo), Cobuild Sampler, 455 125 , 164 Corpus de Dissertations Françaises (CODIF), 343 ASU corpus, 29 Corpus Escrito del Español L2 (CEDEL2), 13 , 18 , 22 – 24 , 30 , 521 BACKBONE, 31 , 448 Corpus of Academic Learner English (CALE), Bank of English, 415 468 , 479 – 480 , 482 , 532 Barcelona English Language Corpus (BELC), Corpus of Contemporary American English 383 – 384 (COCA), 189 – 190 , 264 , 358 , 375 – 377 , British Academic Spoken English (BASE) 481 , 522 corpus, 467 , 516 Corpus of Learner German (CLEG/CLEG13), 14 , British Academic Written English (BAWE) 152 , 383 – 384 corpus, 210 , 221 –223 , 266 , 449 , 467 , 469 , Corpus of Reading Comprehension Exercises in 471 – 472 , 474 , 478 , 481 , 484 , 516 German (CREG), 542 British National Corpus (BNC), 44 – 45 , 65 – 66 , Corpus of Translated Finnish, 347 71 – 73 , 107 , 136 , 178 , 189 – 190 , 203 – 204 , 215 , Czech as a Second Language (CzeSL) corpus, 220 , 267 , 315 , 358 – 359 , 367 , 433 , 448 , 455 , 146 , 540 , 548 , 554 – 557 457 , 470 , 504 , 522 British National Corpus Sampler, 237 Digitales Wörterbuch der Deutschen Sprache BNC Baby, 447 , 449 (DWDS) corpus, 438 Brown Corpus of Written American English, 200 , 267 , 445 , 511 – 512 EF-Cambridge Open Language Database Brussels Corpus, 382 (EFCAMDAT), 14 , 98 – 100 , 517 , 539 , 563 Buckeye GTA (Graduate Teaching Assistants) ELISA corpus, 448 Corpus, 593 English as a Lingua Franca in Academic Settings (ELFA), 11 Cambridge and Nottingham Business English English Speech Corpus of Chinese Learners Corpus (CANBEC), 482 (ESCCL), 118 , 133 Cambridge Corpus of Academic English Error-Annotated German Learner Corpus (CAMCAE), 513 , 516 , 531 (EAGLE), 540 Cambridge English Corpus, 491 Essay Bank, 243 Cambridge English Proﬁ le Corpus (CEPC), ETS Spelling corpus, 591 383 – 384 , 513 , 515 – 516 , 531 European Science Foundation (ESF) Second Cambridge International Corpus, 494 Language Databank, 165 , 232 , 354 , 371 – 373 , Cambridge Learner Corpus (CLC), 15 , 113 , 317 , 376 , 539 383 – 384 , 490 – 494 , 496 , 500 , 509 , 512 – 513 , Expert Journal Articles (EXJA), 478 516 , 518 – 519 , 522 , 525 – 528 , 530 , 571 , 573 , 575 , 577 , 590 , 600 , 611 Fehlerannotiertes Lernerkorpus des Deutschen Chambers–Le Baron Corpus of Research als Fremdsprache (Falko), 13 , 94 – 95 , 125 , Articles in French, 448 , 453 143 , 145 – 146 , 149 , 157 , 426 , 438 , 440 , Chambéry Corpus, 243 541 – 542

744 CORPUS INDEX

Freiburg-Brown corpus of American English Lancaster-Oslo/Bergen (LOB) corpus, 212 , 445 (Frown), 367 Languages and Social Networks Abroad Project Freiburg-Lancaster-Oslo/Bergen corpus (FLOB), (LANGSNAP) Corpus, 382 , 386 221 , 367 , 471 Le Monde corpus, 88 French Interlanguage Database (FRIDA), 149 Learning Prosody in a Foreign Language (LeaP) French Learner Language Oral Corpora corpus, 20 , 26 , 28 , 110 , 112 , 115 – 116 , 123 , (FLLOC), 13 , 110 , 112 – 113 , 124 , 239 , 241 , 251 , 127 , 133 , 426 , 440 382 – 384 , 386 Lexicon of Spoken Italian by Foreigners French WaCKy corpus (frWaC), 343 (LIPS), 520 Lexile corpus, 581 – 582 German Corpus of Learner English Linguistic Development Corpus, 383 (GeCle), 220 Linguistik und Maschinelle Sprachbearbeitung Giessen-Göttingen Local Learner Corpus of (LIMAS), 152 English, 15 Longitudinal Database of Learner English Giessen-Long Beach Chaplin Corpus, 10 (LONGDALE), 14 , 42 , 126 , 129 , 240 – 241 , 251 , 253 , 352 , 383 – 384 , 386 , 395 , 399 , 518 , 520 Hanken Corpus of Academic Written English Longman Grammar Corpus, 237 , 252 for Economics, 11 Longman Learners’ Corpus (LLC), 15 , 237 , 252 , Hiroshima English Learners’ Corpus (HELC), 254 , 456 , 489 , 513 541 , 558 Louvain Corpus of Native English Conversation Hong Kong University of Science and (LOCNEC), 51 , 164 , 229 , 295 Technology (HKUST) Corpus, 149 , 590 , 622 Louvain Corpus of Native English Essays Human Speechome Corpus, 380 (LOCNESS), 43 , 45 , 47 , 71 , 163 , 166 , 178 , 189 , 212 , 237 , 243 , 246 , 269 , 271 , 320 , 349 – 350 , IBM KidSpeak corpus, 595 369 – 370 , 391 , 433 – 434 , 469 , 527 Indianapolis Business Learner Corpus, 481 Louvain International Database of Spoken Interactive Spoken Language Education (ISLE), English Interlanguage (LINDSEI), 11 , 17 , 10 , 592 20 , 24 – 26 , 30 , 42 , 51 – 52 , 110 , 112 – 113 , Interlangue française – développement, 118 , 149 , 164 , 226 , 229 , 289 , 295 , 425 , 429 , interaction et variation (InterFra) corpus, 439 – 440 , 514 248 – 249 , 383 – 384 , 392 Lund corpus, 392 International Corpus of Crosslinguistic Interlanguage (ICCI), 28 , 272 , 356 , 390 , 399 Marburg Corpus of Intermediate Learner International Corpus of English (ICE), 11 , 92 , English (MILE), 11 164 , 170 , 178 , 215 , 435 – 436 , 440 MeLLANGE Learner Translator Corpus, 477 International Corpus of Learner English (ICLE), MERLIN corpus, 146 10 , 18 , 24 , 29 – 30 , 33 , 43 – 45 , 47 , 51 – 52 , Michigan Corpus of Academic Spoken English 71 , 87 , 92, 101 , 103 , 144 , 148 – 149 , 151 , (MICASE), 287 , 298 , 367 , 467 , 482 , 516 , 522 157 , 163 – 164 , 170 – 171 , 176 , 178 , 188 , 212 , Michigan Corpus of Upper-level Student Papers 215 – 216 , 219 – 220 , 237 , 242 – 243 , 245 – 246 , (MICUSP), 369 – 370 , 467 , 469 , 479 – 480 , 248 , 252 – 254 , 256 , 260 – 261 , 264 , 268 – 270 , 514 , 516 274 , 284 , 317 , 320 , 343 – 344 , 349 – 350 , 354 , MiLC Corpus, 13 , 30 369 – 370 , 384 , 410 , 412 –414 , 417 – 419 , 425 , Multimedia Adult English/ESL Learner Corpus 427 , 429 , 433 – 434 , 439 , 449 , 457 , 467 , 469 , (MAELC), 12 , 291 , 293 – 294 483 – 484 , 490 – 491 , 493 , 495 – 496 , 504 , 514 , Multimedia Learner Corpus of Basic 516 , 518 – 519 , 527 – 531 , 539 , 560 , 567 , 576 , Presentation (MLCP), 12 606 , 610 – 611 , 614 – 615 , 620 – 622 , 626 – 627 International Corpus of Learner Finnish (ICLFI), National Institute of Information and 13 , 346 Communications Technology Japanese International Corpus Network of Asian Learner English (NICT JLE) corpus, 14 , 110 , Learners of English (ICNALE), 440 , 493 112 , 383 – 384 , 513 , 539 International Sample of English Contrastive National University of Singapore (NUS) Corpus Texts (INTERSECT), 152 of Learner English (NUCLE), 11 , 578 International Teaching Assistants corpus Native Finnish Corpus, 347 (ITAcorp), 298 , 482 Newcastle Corpus, 382 Interphonologie du Français Contemporain Non-native (Spanish) Corpus of English (NOCE/ (IPFC), 112 NOSE), 97 , 539 , 622 Israeli Learner Corpus of Written English Nottingham Multi-Modal Corpus, 113 , 129 (ILCoWE), 163 Parallèle Oral en Langue Etrangère (PAROLE), Japanese EFL Learner (JEFLL) Corpus, 13 , 238 , 17 , 112 – 113 383 – 384 Pearson International Corpus of Academic English (PICAE), 513 , 516 Korpus von Erörterungen deutscher Schüler PELCRA Learner English Corpus, 110 (KEDS), 152 Penn Discourse TreeBank, 275 Kulturell Identitet i Akademisk Prosa (KIAP) Penn Treebank, 99 , 569 Corpus, 467 Pilot Arabic Learner Corpus, 149

Corpus index 745

Progression Corpus, 382 TOEFL 2000 Spoken and Written PUCV-2006 Corpus of Academic and Academic Language (T2K-SWAL) Professional Spanish, 467 Corpus, 467 , 513 TOEFL7, 620 Rated L2 Speech Corpus, 593 TOEFL11, 610 , 614 – 616 , 620 , 625 – 627 Reading Corpus, 384 TOEFL11-Big, 620 Tswana Learner English (TLE) corpus, 80 , 88 , SACODEYL corpus, 448 90 , 92 – 93 , 104 Salford Corpus, 113 , 382 Santa Barbara Corpus of Spoken American UEA Corpus, 383 English, 224 UPF learner translation corpus, 10 Santiago University Learner Corpus, 12 Uppsala Student English (USE) Corpus, 237 , Scientext corpus, 343 414 – 415 , 417, 622 Spanish Learner Language Oral Corpora USP Multilingual Learner Corpus, 13 , 29 (SPLLOC), 110 , 112 , 124 , 133 , 239 , 241 , 251 , 323 , 331 , 383 – 384 Varieties of English for Speciﬁ c Purposes Spanish-English Contrastive Corpus, 271 Database (VESPA), 210 , 226 , 352 , 468 , 470 , Spanish-English Research Article Corpus 483 – 484 , 520 , 522 (SERAC), 467 Vienna-Oxford International Corpus of English Stockholm-Umeå Swedish Corpus, 237 (VOICE), 197 Switchboard corpus, 367 , 594 Wall Street Journal (WSJ) corpus, 88 , Taiwanese Learner Corpus of English, 13 90 , 99 – 100 TalkBank, 240 , 373 Written Corpus of Learner English (WriCLE), Telecollaborative Learner Corpus of English 30 , 47 , 246 , 521 and German (Telekorp), 10 , 14 , 32 , 286 , 383 – 384 , 498 Young Learners Corpus, 383 , 386

Software index

Alelo, 594 Korektor, 557 AntConc, 38 , 209 , 414 – 415 , 454 , 477 AntWordProﬁ ler, 187 LanguageTool, 550 Lexical Oral Production Proﬁ ler (LOPP), 191 Brill tagger, 92 – 93 , 243 LIBLINEAR, 608 , 611 , 616 , 620 – 621 LIBSVM, 608 c-rater, 564 Louvain English for Academic Purposes Check My Words, 497 Dictionary (LEAD), 477 , 491 , 504 CLAWS tagger, 26 , 80 , 88 , 90 , 92 – 93 , 101 , 136 Louvain error-tagging system, 148 , 499 , 528 Coh-Metrix, 201 , 205 Collocate, 367 Mark My Words, 497 Compleat Lexical Tutor (Lextutor), 187 , MEGA Model Optimization Package 190 – 191 , 195 , 204 , 452 , 455 (MegaM), 610 Computerized Language Analysis (CLAN), 20 , MOMEL, 130 111– 112 , 123 – 125 , 133 , 389 MonoConc, 243 Criterion, 583 , 589 Morcˇe, 558 My Word Coach, 198 DMDX, 74 MyAccess!, 589 Dolmen, 112 , 123 NativeAccent, 592 , 594 E-Prime, 74 NVivo, 287 , 301 e-rater, 583 , 589 , 591 , 595 – 597 NXT, 111 E-Tutor (German Tutor), 497 – 498 , 560 EduSpeak, 592 , 594 P_Lex, 189 , 192 , 203 ESL Writing Tutor, 497 , 502 – 503 Phon, 111 , 117 , 123 – 124 ESPS/waves+, 127 Praat, 20 , 27 , 111 – 112 , 116 , 122– 127 , 130 , 134 EUDICO Linguistic Annotator (ELAN), 123 – 125 Project Essay Grade, 589 Example Extractor Engine for Language ProsodyPro, 132 Teaching (Exxelant), 496 Prosogram, 130 – 132 Extensible Markup Language for Discourse PROSOTRAN, 130 Annotation (EXMARaLDA), 20 , 95 , 123– 124 PsyScript, 66

Flexible Error Annotation Tool (feat), 556 R, 174 , 180 – 181 , 438 , 609 , 611 Range, 187 , 189 – 191 GrammarTalk, 497 ReFLEX, 594 Robust Accurate Statistical Parser (RASP), 526 Halliday Centre Tagger, 275 SACODEYL Annotator, 31 Intelligent Essay Assessor (IEA), 589 SALT, 124 Intelligent Web-based Interactive Language SAS, 609 Learning (IWiLL), 497 , 509 SCoRE-MMAX Toolkit, 272 IntelliMetric, 589 Sketch Engine, 481 , 526 Interactive Computer Identiﬁ cation and SoundScriber, 25 Correction of Language Errors (ICICLE), 552 SpeechRater, 595 , 599 – 600 Internet Writing Resource for the Innovative SPPAS, 112 , 121 , 130 Teaching of English (iWrite), 496 Stanford parser, 99 INTSINT, 120 , 130 Stanford tagger, 97

748 SOFTWARE INDEX

Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Vocabproﬁ le, 187 , 190 – 191 , 195 – 199 , 201 , (SPSS), 389 , 609 203 – 204

Talk to Me, 131 WebCorp, 448 TnT, 97 , 558 WEKA, 608 TOSCA tagger, 92 – 94 , 103 , 237 WinPitch, 111 , 123 , 125 , 133 TreeTagger, 95 , 97 , 393 , 613 Wmatrix, 320 Tutorial Chinese Platform, 497 WordSmith Tools, 38 , 46 , 187 , 209 – 210 , 215 , 222 , 246 , 271 , 305 , 343 , 347 , 391 , 394 , 417 , UAM CorpusTool, 301 471 , 478 , 518 UCREL Semantic Analysis System (USAS), 82 WriteToLearn, 589