EUROCALL Conference 2019 “CALL and Complexity”
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The Spoken BNC2014: Designing and Building a Spoken Corpus Of
The Spoken BNC2014 Designing and building a spoken corpus of everyday conversations Robbie Love i, Claire Dembry ii, Andrew Hardie i, Vaclav Brezina i and Tony McEnery i i Lancaster University / ii Cambridge University Press This paper introduces the Spoken British National Corpus 2014, an 11.5-million-word corpus of orthographically transcribed conversations among L1 speakers of British English from across the UK, recorded in the years 2012–2016. After showing that a survey of the recent history of corpora of spo- ken British English justifies the compilation of this new corpus, we describe the main stages of the Spoken BNC2014’s creation: design, data and metadata collection, transcription, XML encoding, and annotation. In doing so we aim to (i) encourage users of the corpus to approach the data with sensitivity to the many methodological issues we identified and attempted to overcome while com- piling the Spoken BNC2014, and (ii) inform (future) compilers of spoken corpora of the innovations we implemented to attempt to make the construction of cor- pora representing spontaneous speech in informal contexts more tractable, both logistically and practically, than in the past. Keywords: Spoken BNC2014, transcription, corpus construction, spoken corpora 1. Introduction The ESRC Centre for Corpus Approaches to Social Science (CASS) 1 at Lancaster University and Cambridge University Press have compiled a new, publicly- accessible corpus of present-day spoken British English, gathered in informal con- texts, known as the Spoken British National Corpus 2014 (Spoken BNC2014). This 1. The research presented in this paper was supported by the ESRC Centre for Corpus Approaches to Social Science, ESRC grant reference ES/K002155/1. -
E-Language: Communication in the Digital Age Dawn Knight1, Newcastle University
e-Language: Communication in the Digital Age Dawn Knight1, Newcastle University 1. Introduction Digital communication in the age of ‘web 2.0’ (that is the second generation of in the internet: an internet focused driven by user-generated content and the growth of social media) is becoming ever-increasingly embedded into our daily lives. It is impacting on the ways in which we work, socialise, communicate and live. Defining, characterising and understanding the ways in which discourse is used to scaffold our existence in this digital world is, therefore, emerged as an area of research that is a priority for applied linguists (amongst others). Corpus linguists are ideally situated to contribute to this work as they have the appropriate expertise to construct, analyse and characterise patterns of language use in large- scale bodies of such digital discourse (labelled ‘e-language’ here - also known as Computer Mediated Communication, CMC: see Walther, 1996; Herring, 1999 and Thurlow et al., 2004, and ‘netspeak’, Crystal, 2003: 17). Typically, forms of e-language are technically asynchronous insofar as each of them is ‘stored at the addressee’s site until they can be ‘read’ by the recipient (Herring 2007: 13). They do not require recipients to be present/ready to ‘receive’ the message at the same time that it is sent, as spoken discourse typically does (see Condon and Cech, 1996; Ko, 1996 and Herring, 2007). However, with the increasing ubiquity of digital communication in daily life, the delivery and reception of digital messages is arguably becoming increasingly synchronous. Mobile apps, such as Facebook, WhatsApp and I-Message (the Apple messaging system), for example, have provisions for allowing users to see when messages are being written, as well as when they are received and read by the. -
A List of Certificates Confirming the Knowledge of a Modern Foreign Language at the Level of at Least B2, Recognized by the Doctoral School in the Recruitment Process
Appendix no 4 to the Admission Rules to the Doctoral School of the Stanisław Moniuszko Academy of Music in Gdańsk in the academic year 2020/2021 A list of certificates confirming the knowledge of a modern foreign language at the level of at least B2, recognized by the Doctoral School in the recruitment process. Persons who do not have any of the certificates listed below before matriculation will have to pass an exam in a modern foreign language at B2 level, organized by the Foreign Languages Unit of the Stanisław Moniuszko Academy of Music in Gdańsk. This exam will be held in September 20..... Certificates confirming at least B2 level of global language proficiency according to the "Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: learning, teaching, assessment (CEFR)": 1. Certificate confirming the knowledge of a foreign language, issued by the National School of Public Administration as a result of a linguistic verification procedure. 2. Certificates confirming at least B2 level of global language proficiency according to the "Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: learning, teaching, assessment (CEFR)": 1) certificates issued by institutions associated in the Association of Language Testers in Europe (ALTE) - ALTE Level 3 (B2), ALTE Level 4 (C1), ALTE Level 5 (C2), in particular the certificates: a) First Certificate in English (FCE), Certificate in Advanced English (CAE), Certificate of Proficiency in English (CPE), Business English Certificate (BEC) Vantage — at least Pass, Business English Certificate (BEC) -
Language Requirements
Language Policy NB: This Language Policy applies to applicants of the 20J and 20D MBA Classes. For all other MBA Classes, please use this document as a reference only and be sure to contact the MBA Admissions Office for confirmation. Last revised in October 2018. Please note that this Language Policy document is subject to change regularly and without prior notice. 1 Contents Page 3 INSEAD Language Proficiency Measurement Scale Page 4 Summary of INSEAD Language Requirements Page 5 English Proficiency Certification Page 6 Entry Language Requirement Page 7 Exit Language Requirement Page 8 FL&C contact details Page 9 FL&C Language courses available Page 12 FL&C Language tests available Page 13 Language Tuition Prior to starting the MBA Programme Page 15 List of Official Language Tests recognised by INSEAD Page 22 Frequently Asked Questions 2 INSEAD Language Proficiency Measurement Scale INSEAD uses a four-level scale which measures language competency. This is in line with the Common European Framework of Reference for language levels (CEFR). Below is a table which indicates the proficiency needed to fulfil INSEAD language requirement. To be admitted to the MBA Programme, a candidate must be fluent level in English and have at least a practical level of knowledge of a second language. These two languages are referred to as your “Entry languages”. A candidate must also have at least a basic level of understanding of a third language. This will be referred to as “Exit language”. LEVEL DESCRIPTION INSEAD REQUIREMENTS Ability to communicate spontaneously, very fluently and precisely in more complex situations. -
Inventory of Language Certification in Europe a Report to the European
National Foundation for Educational Research Inventory of Language Certification in Europe A Report to the European Commission Directorate General for Education and Culture Jenny Bradshaw Catherine Kirkup March 2006 Acknowledgements We would like to thank the individuals and organisations mentioned below. All the individuals who responded to the online questionnaire, and the organisations which assisted in their distribution. The Eurydice units which provided information on the use of certification in their countries. The Association of Language Testers in Europe The European Association for Language Testing and Assessment We are also very grateful to the following providers, who supplied information on their certificates: Anglia Examinations Syndicate Assessment and Qualifications Alliance Basque Government Cambridge ESOL Centre de Langues Luxembourg Centre for Advanced Language Learning, Hungary Centre for the Greek Language Centre international d'études pédagogiques Centro Linguistico Italiano Dante Alighieri Citogroep CNaVT (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, België/Universiteit van Amsterdam, Nederland) Welsh Joint Education Committee Danish Language Testing Consortium Department of Lithuanian Studies, Vilnius University Escola Oficial de Idiomas (Catalunya) Escuela Oficial de Idiomas (Madrid) European Consortium for the Certificate of Attainment in Modern Languages Finnish National Board of Education Generalitat de Catalunya Goethe-Institut IELTS Consortium Institute of Linguists Educational Trust UK Instituto Cervantes National Examination -
Investigating Vocabulary in Academic Spoken English
INVESTIGATING VOCABULARY IN ACADEMIC SPOKEN ENGLISH: CORPORA, TEACHERS, AND LEARNERS BY THI NGOC YEN DANG A thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Applied Linguistics Victoria University of Wellington 2017 Abstract Understanding academic spoken English is challenging for second language (L2) learners at English-medium universities. A lack of vocabulary is a major reason for this difficulty. To help these learners overcome this challenge, it is important to examine the nature of vocabulary in academic spoken English. This thesis presents three linked studies which were conducted to address this need. Study 1 examined the lexical coverage in nine spoken and nine written corpora of four well-known general high-frequency word lists: West’s (1953) General Service List (GSL), Nation’s (2006) BNC2000, Nation’s (2012) BNC/COCA2000, and Brezina and Gablasova’s (2015) New-GSL. Study 2 further compared the BNC/COCA2000 and the New-GSL, which had the highest coverage in Study 1. It involved 25 English first language (L1) teachers, 26 Vietnamese L1 teachers, 27 various L1 teachers, and 275 Vietnamese English as a Foreign Language learners. The teachers completed 10 surveys in which they rated the usefulness of 973 non-overlapping items between the BNC/COCA2000 and the New- GSL for their learners in a five-point Likert scale. The learners took the Vocabulary Levels Test (Nation, 1983, 1990; Schmitt, Schmitt, & Clapham, 2001), and 15 Yes/No tests which measured their knowledge of the 973 words. Study 3 involved compiling two academic spoken corpora, one academic written corpus, and one non-academic spoken corpus. -
Fremdsprachenzertifikate in Der Schule
FREMDSPRACHENZERTIFIKATE IN DER SCHULE Handreichung März 2014 Referat 522 Fremdsprachen, Bilingualer Unterricht und Internationale Abschlüsse Redaktion: Henny Rönneper 2 Vorwort Fremdsprachenzertifikate in den Schulen in Nordrhein-Westfalen Sprachen öffnen Türen, diese Botschaft des Europäischen Jahres der Sprachen gilt ganz besonders für junge Menschen. Das Zusammenwachsen Europas und die In- ternationalisierung von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft verlangen die Fähigkeit, sich in mehreren Sprachen auszukennen. Fremdsprachenkenntnisse und interkulturelle Er- fahrungen werden in der Ausbildung und im Studium zunehmend vorausgesetzt. Sie bieten die Gewähr dafür, dass Jugendliche die Chancen nutzen können, die ihnen das vereinte Europa für Mobilität, Begegnungen, Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung bietet. Um die fremdsprachliche Bildung in den allgemein- und berufsbildenden Schulen in Nordrhein-Westfalen weiter zu stärken, finden in Nordrhein-Westfalen internationale Zertifikatsprüfungen in vielen Sprachen statt, an denen jährlich mehrere tausend Schülerinnen und Schüler teilnehmen. Sie erwerben internationale Fremdsprachen- zertifikate als Ergänzung zu schulischen Abschlusszeugnissen und zum Europäi- schen Portfolio der Sprachen und erreichen damit eine wichtige Zusatzqualifikation für Berufsausbildungen und Studium im In- und Ausland. Die vorliegende Informationsschrift soll Lernende und Lehrende zu fremdsprachli- chen Zertifikatsprüfungen ermutigen und ihnen angesichts der wachsenden Zahl an- gebotener Zertifikate eine Orientierungshilfe geben. -
SELECTING and CREATING a WORD LIST for ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING by Deny A
Teaching English with Technology, 17(1), 60-72, http://www.tewtjournal.org 60 SELECTING AND CREATING A WORD LIST FOR ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING by Deny A. Kwary and Jurianto Universitas Airlangga Dharmawangsa Dalam Selatan, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia d.a.kwary @ unair.ac.id / [email protected] Abstract Since the introduction of the General Service List (GSL) in 1953, a number of studies have confirmed the significant role of a word list, particularly GSL, in helping ESL students learn English. Given the recent development in technology, several researchers have created word lists, each of them claims to provide a better coverage of a text and a significant role in helping students learn English. This article aims at analyzing the claims made by the existing word lists and proposing a method for selecting words and a creating a word list. The result of this study shows that there are differences in the coverage of the word lists due to the difference in the corpora and the source text analysed. This article also suggests that we should create our own word list, which is both personalized and comprehensive. This means that the word list is not just a list of words. The word list needs to be accompanied with the senses and the patterns of the words, in order to really help ESL students learn English. Keywords: English; GSL; NGSL; vocabulary; word list 1. Introduction A word list has been noted as an essential resource for language teaching, especially for second language teaching. The main purpose for the creation of a word list is to determine the words that the learners need to know, in order to provide more focused learning materials. -
ALTE Framework 2019
ALTE Framework 2019 A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2 Language Organisation Pre-A1 ALTE Breakthrough ALTE Level 1 ALTE Level 2 ALTE Level 3 ALTE Level 4 ALTE Level 5 Euskararen Gaitasun Agiria (EGA) • Re-audit Nov 2021 Basque Government Eusko Jaurlaritza Basque Euskara Euskararen Gaitasun Agiria (EGA) • Re-audit pending Government of Navarre Gobierno de Navarra Standardised Test in Bulgarian as a Foreign Sofia University St. Language B2 Kliment Ohridski – • Re-audit March 2019 Department for Language Teaching - Bulgarian DLTIS Български език Софийски университет "Св. Климент Охридски" – Департамент за езиково обучение – ДЕО Version date: 05/02/2019 ALTE Framework 2019 A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2 Language Organisation Pre-A1 ALTE Breakthrough ALTE Level 1 ALTE Level 2 ALTE Level 3 ALTE Level 4 ALTE Level 5 Nivell superior de català Catalan Generalitat of Catalonia • Audit pending Català Generalitat de Catalunya Charles University in The Czech Language The Czech Language The Czech Language The Czech Language The Czech Language Prague, Institute for Certificate Exam (CCE) Certificate Exam (CCE) Certificate Exam (CCE) Certificate Exam (CCE) Certificate Exam (CCE) Language and A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 Czech Preparatory Studies • Re-audit Jan 2021 • Re-audit Jan 2021 • Re-audit Jan 2021 • Re-audit Jan 2021 • Re-audit Jan 2021 (ILPS) Čeština Univerzita Karlova v Praze, Ústav jazykové a odborné přípravy, (ÚJOP UK) Prøve i Dansk 1 (PD1) Prøve i Dansk 2 (PD2) Prøve i Dansk 3 (PD3) • • • The Ministry for Re-audit Oct 2022 Re-audit Oct 2022 Re-audit Oct 2022 Danish Foreigners and Integration -
Types of Documents Confirming the Knowledge of a Foreign Language by Foreigners
TYPES OF DOCUMENTS CONFIRMING THE KNOWLEDGE OF A FOREIGN LANGUAGE BY FOREIGNERS 1. Diplomas of completion of: 1) studies in the field of foreign languages or applied linguistics; 2) a foreign language teacher training college 3) the National School of Public Administration (KSAP). 2. A document issued abroad confirming a degree or a scientific title – certifies the knowledge of the language of instruction 3. A document confirming the completion of higher or postgraduate studies conducted abroad or in Poland - certifies the knowledge of the language only if the language of instruction was exclusively a foreign language. 4. A document issued abroad that is considered equivalent to the secondary school-leaving examination certificate - certifies the knowledge of the language of instruction 5. International Baccalaureate Diploma. 6. European Baccalaureate Diploma. 7. A certificate of passing a language exam organized by the following Ministries: 1) the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; 2) the ministry serving the minister competent for economic affairs, the Ministry of Cooperation with Foreign Countries, the Ministry of Foreign Trade and the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Marine Economy; 3) the Ministry of National Defense - level 3333, level 4444 according to the STANAG 6001. 8. A certificate confirming the knowledge of a foreign language, issued by the KSAP as a result of linguistic verification proceedings. 9. A certificate issued by the KSAP confirming qualifications to work on high-rank state administration positions. 10. A document confirming -
FERSIWN GYMRAEG ISOD the National Corpus of Contemporary
FERSIWN GYMRAEG ISOD The National Corpus of Contemporary Welsh Project Report, October 2020 Authors: Dawn Knight1, Steve Morris2, Tess Fitzpatrick2, Paul Rayson3, Irena Spasić and Enlli Môn Thomas4. 1. Introduction 1.1. Purpose of this report This report provides an overview of the CorCenCC project and the online corpus resource that was developed as a result of work on the project. The report lays out the theoretical underpinnings of the research, demonstrating how the project has built on and extended this theory. We also raise and discuss some of the key operational questions that arose during the course of the project, outlining the ways in which they were answered, the impact of these decisions on the resource that has been produced and the longer-term contribution they will make to practices in corpus-building. Finally, we discuss some of the applications and the utility of the work, outlining the impact that CorCenCC is set to have on a range of different individuals and user groups. 1.2. Licence The CorCenCC corpus and associated software tools are licensed under Creative Commons CC-BY-SA v4 and thus are freely available for use by professional communities and individuals with an interest in language. Bespoke applications and instructions are provided for each tool (for links to all tools, refer to section 10 of this report). When reporting information derived by using the CorCenCC corpus data and/or tools, CorCenCC should be appropriately acknowledged (see 1.3). § To access the corpus visit: www.corcencc.org/explore § To access the GitHub site: https://github.com/CorCenCC o GitHub is a cloud-based service that enables developers to store, share and manage their code and datasets. -
The National Corpus of Contemporary Welsh 1. Introduction
The National Corpus of Contemporary Welsh Project Report, October 2020 1. Introduction 1.1. Purpose of this report This report provides an overview of the CorCenCC project and the online corpus resource that was developed as a result of work on the project. The report lays out the theoretical underpinnings of the research, demonstrating how the project has built on and extended this theory. We also raise and discuss some of the key operational questions that arose during the course of the project, outlining the ways in which they were answered, the impact of these decisions on the resource that has been produced and the longer-term contribution they will make to practices in corpus-building. Finally, we discuss some of the applications and the utility of the work, outlining the impact that CorCenCC is set to have on a range of different individuals and user groups. 1.2. Licence The CorCenCC corpus and associated software tools are licensed under Creative Commons CC-BY-SA v4 and thus are freely available for use by professional communities and individuals with an interest in language. Bespoke applications and instructions are provided for each tool (for links to all tools, refer to section 10 of this report). When reporting information derived by using the CorCenCC corpus data and/or tools, CorCenCC should be appropriately acknowledged (see 1.3). § To access the corpus visit: www.corcencc.org/explore § To access the GitHub site: https://github.com/CorCenCC o GitHub is a cloud-based service that enables developers to store, share and manage their code and datasets.