Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Ichneumonidae
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Title Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Ichneumonidae Authors Broad, G Date Submitted 2018-06-07 Biodiversity Data Journal 4: e9042 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.4.e9042 Taxonomic Paper Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Ichneumonidae Gavin R. Broad ‡ ‡ The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom Corresponding author: Gavin R. Broad ([email protected]) Academic editor: Pavel Stoev Received: 28 Apr 2016 | Accepted: 16 Jun 2016 | Published: 05 Jul 2016 Citation: Broad G (2016) Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Ichneumonidae. Biodiversity Data Journal 4: e9042. doi: 10.3897/BDJ.4.e9042 Abstract Background The checklist of British and Irish Ichneumonidae is revised, based in large part on the collections of the Natural History Museum, London and the National Museums of Scotland, Edinburgh. Distribution records are provided at the country level. New information Of the 2,447 species regarded as valid and certainly identified, 214 are here recorded for the first time from the British Isles. Neorhacodinae is considered to be a separate subfamily rather than a synonym of Tersilochinae. Echthrini is treated as a junior synonym of the tribe Cryptini, not Hemigastrini. Echthrus Gravenhorst and Helcostizus Förster are classified in Cryptini rather than, respectively, Hemigastrini and Phygadeuontini. Keywords Britain, Ireland, fauna, Ichneumonoidea © Broad G. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 2 Broad G Introduction The Ichneumonidae is one of two families of the superfamily Ichneumonoidea, along with the Braconidae. Given the size of each family in Britain (over 1,300 braconids and nearly 2,500 ichneumonids) we are publishing the two checklists separately. This is one part of a series of papers revising the British and Irish list of Hymenoptera, that started with Broad (2014), Broad and Livermore (2014b), Broad and Livermore (2014a) and Liston et al. (2014). For the background and rationale behind these British Hymenoptera checklists see Broad (2014). The bases for the ichneumonid taxonomy are Yu and Horstmann (1997) and Taxapad (Yu et al. 2012) (ichneumonid data for both compiled by Klaus Horstmann). I have not relied on Yu et al. (2012) for data on species occurrence in Britain. Rather, I have relied mostly on the primary literature and collections, especially NMS and BMNH. Indeed, large parts of the checklist rely on original work, identifying specimens in these collections. The collections of the NMS have been invaluable in updating this checklist as Mark Shaw has very actively encouraged taxonomists to use the collections, which contain a large amount of recently collected, often reared, material. The late J.F. Perkins also did a huge amount to improve the BMNH collection of Ichneumonidae that was not really reflected in his published output. I have made great use of Perkins’s identifications as well as Horstmann’s, Andrey Khalaim’s and many other workers, including my own. Many Irish records are taken from O'Connor et al. (2007). All additions to and deletions from the British list since Fitton (1978) are recorded as well as country-level distribution within the British Isles (but regarding the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland as one geographical unit), i.e. England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, Isle of Man. The current numbers of valid, certainly identified ichneumonid species are listed per subfamily and by country in Table 1. This highlights the lack of data from countries other than England. Because the ichneumonid literature is extensive and scattered I also provide many taxonomic references. Some changes to classification are employed here, following molecular phylogenetic studies (Laurenne et al. 2006, Quicke et al. 2009). Two genera that are usually classified in Hemigastrini and Phygadeuontini - Echthrus Gravenhorst and Helcostizus Förster - are transferred to Cryptini (as originally suggested by Laurenne et al. 2006), which means that Echthrini Narayanan & Lal, 1958, becomes a junior synonym of Cryptini Kirby, 1837. And, contrary to Quicke et al. (2009), Neorhacodinae is again regarded as a valid subfamily, not as a synonym of Tersilochinae, following phylogenetic work by A.M.R. Bennett et al. (in prep.) and reflecting differences in host use. Table 1. Numbers of confirmed British and Irish Ichneumonidae broken down by subfamily and country. Totals do not include manuscript names or uncertain identifications. subfamily total valid species England Scotland Wales Ireland Isle of Man Acaenitinae 6 3 2 Adelognathinae 19 18 8 4 11 2 Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Ichneumonidae 3 Agriotypinae 1 1 1 1 Alomyinae 2 2 1 1 1 Anomaloninae 38 36 20 14 13 3 Banchinae 132 122 65 21 55 5 Campopleginae 361 284 169 41 122 22 Collyriinae 2 2 Cremastinae 15 15 1 2 7 Cryptinae 529 404 245 123 140 40 Ctenopelmatinae 295 244 147 35 30 19 Cylloceriinae 5 5 3 4 Diacritinae 1 1 1 1 Diplazontinae 60 57 45 35 40 22 Eucerotinae 3 3 2 2 Hybrizontinae 2 2 1 Ichneumoninae 383 334 181 81 176 28 Lycorininae 1 1 1 1 Mesochorinae 86 73 25 4 11 3 Metopiinae 76 67 42 10 14 1 Microleptinae 3 3 3 2 2 Neorhacodinae 1 1 1 1 Ophioninae 27 26 19 15 10 1 Orthopelmatinae 2 2 1 2 1 Oxytorinae 2 2 2 2 Pimplinae 109 103 64 52 56 20 Poemeniinae 6 6 1 2 2 Rhyssinae 2 2 2 1 1 1 Stilbopinae 5 4 4 1 3 Tersilochinae 81 73 27 9 46 1 Tryphoninae 179 153 108 37 53 20 Xoridinae 13 13 4 3 4 2447 2062 1195 498 807 189 Figs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 illustrate a tiny part of the diversity of Ichneumonidae. A handbook to the British fauna (Broad, Shaw & Fitton, in prep.) provides an introduction to the biology, classification and identification of this family of parasitoid wasps and will be published soon. 4 Broad G a b c d Figure 1. Representative British Ichneumonidae a: Anomaloninae: Erigorgus cerinops (Gravenhorst) female (courtesy of B. Formstone) b: Anomaloninae: Heteropelma amictum (Fabricius) male (courtesy of I. Middlebrook) c: Banchinae: Lissonota lineolaris (Gmelin) female probing for Apamea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larva (courtesy of P. Adams) d: Banchinae: Banchus volutatorius (Linnaeus) male (courtesy of A. Watson Featherstone) Materials and methods For a more detailed description of the background and rationale to the Hymenoptera checklist, see Broad (2014). I provide rather extensive Palaearctic synonymy and citations because if you do not have access to the Taxapad database (Yu et al. 2012) it can be very difficult to trace the fate of names in the voluminous and scattered literature, although some of the functionality of the catalogue is available online. Conventions and abbreviations are listed below. Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Ichneumonidae 5 a b c d Figure 2. Representative British Ichneumonidae a: Campopleginae: cocoon of Hyposoter sp. ex Acronicta psi (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (courtesy of B. Formstone) b: Cryptinae: Colocnema rufina (Gravenhorst) female c: Cryptinae: Polytribax perspicillator (Gravenhorst) male (courtesy of J. Early) d: Ctenopelmatinae: Euryproctus sp. female (courtesy of D. Bateson) [species] taxon deleted from the British and Irish list BMNH Natural History Museum, London NMS National Museums of Scotland, Edinburgh UM Ulster Museum [J. Brock collection] # known introductions occurring only under artificial conditions 6 Broad G a b c d Figure 3. Representative British Ichneumonidae a: Ctenopelmatinae: Protarchus melanurus (Thomson) female (courtesy of B. Formstone) b: Ctenopelmatinae: Cimbex (Hymenoptera: Cimbicidae) cocoon with Protarchus melanurus (Thomson) emergence hole (courtesy of B. Formstone) c: Ichneumoninae: Ichneumon sarcitorius Linnaeus female (courtesy of J. Bingham) d: Metopiinae: Metopius dentatus (Fabricius) ex Lasiocampa quercus callunae Palmer (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) pupa (courtesy of F. Stark) ? status (including uncertain synonymy) or identification in the British Isles uncertain misident. has been misidentified as this name nom. dub. nomen dubium, a name of doubtful status nom. ob. nomen oblitum, ‘forgotten name’, does not have priority over a younger name nom. nov. nomen novum, a replacement name nom. nud. nomen nudum, an unavailable name, with no type specimen preocc. name preoccupied (junior homonym) Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Ichneumonidae 7 a b c d Figure 4. Representative British Ichneumonidae a: Ophioninae: Enicospilus ramidulus (Linnaeus) (courtesy of P. Brock) b: Ophioninae: Ophion obscuratus Fabricius (courtesy of H. Taylor, BMNH) c: Orthocentrinae: Entypoma sp. (courtesy of T. LeGrand) d: Orthocentrinae: Plectiscidea sp. (courtesy of M. Stemmer) stat. rev. status revocatus, revived status (e.g., raised from synonymy) unavailable name unavailable under provisions of the ICZN code var. variety, only available as a valid name under certain provisions of the ICZN code When there are no countries listed for a species, there are two explanations. First, the species has been carried over from the previous checklist (Fitton 1978) and, although I have not seen any British specimens I have no reason to doubt the original identification. Second, specimens in collections are labelled with imprecise locality data, such as 'Great Britain'. This is the case with many of the older collections. 8 Broad G a b c d Figure 5. Representative British Ichneumonidae a: Pimplinae: Perithous scurra (Panzer) female (courtesy of P. Adams) b: Pimplinae: Tromatobia